The validity of a spectral cumulus parameterization (spectral scheme) for simulating a diurnal cycle of precipitation over the Maritime Continent (MC) was examined using a regional atmospheric model. The impacts of entrainment parameterization and each type of convective closure, i.e., non-equilibrium (or equilibrium) closure for deep convection, mid-level, and shallow convective closures, were also

Internal waves in the ocean are well-recognized to play an important role in the global energy budget. Triadic resonance is one mechanism via which these internal waves transfer their energy to other spatial and temporal scales before dissipation, at locations blue both near and away from their generation sites. In this paper, we perform a combined theoretical and numerical study of triadic resonance

The Barents Sea is the most productive sea in the Arctic. The main causes of phytoplankton spring blooms are studied for a decadal time period of 2003–2013 at the region of (70 °N-80 °N, 30 °E-40 °E) in Barents Sea. Due to the rapidly ice melt in the southern region (70 °N-75 °N), almost no ice left after year 2005, sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed (WIND) are two main dominant factors influencing

In depth examination of the extreme precipitation over Kerala during 15-17th August 2018 – triggering major flood episode in the peninsular Indian state - have been made via the National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) Unified Model. A rare alignment of an intense low pressure area (LPA) over head Bay of Bengal (BoB) and a couple of typhoons over South China Sea and West Pacific

The interaction mechanisms between the lower part of the atmosphere and the ocean surface comprise of a complicated issue with many parameters to be studied. Heat, moisture and momentum exchanges in the air-sea system exert a significant role on both lower atmosphere and sea state conditions. Working towards the understanding of how wave characteristics link the atmosphere with the ocean, an atmospheric

It is well known that the primitive equations (the atmospheric equations of motion under the additional assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium for large scale motions) are ill posed when used in a limited area on the globe. Yet the atmospheric equations of motion for large scale motions are essentially a hyperbolic system that with appropriate boundary conditions should lead to a well posed system in

Observational studies and cloud resolving numerical simulations have shown that developing tropical cyclones often have markedly asymmetric distributions of moist convection. The present study uses a shallow-water model on the f-plane to gain further insight into the variety of vortex intensification pathways that may exist under such conditions. The diabatic forcing associated with asymmetric convection

The present work extensively describes the tropical dynamical changes during the Vortex split Major Stratospheric Warming (V-MSW) event occurred in recent decades. For better visualization of high latitude influence of tropical atmosphere, in this study, we have utilized three successive major vortex split warming events occurred in winters 1984/85, 1988/89 and 2008/09. The realistic visualization

A 1D model, including a time variation of eddy viscosity and mixed layer depth, is applied to study Ekman spirals. It simulates a weak velocity in the atmosphere but a jet in the upper oceanic mixed layer during daytime; and a strong velocity in the atmosphere but a weak, uniform velocity in the ocean at night. The mean spirals in both atmosphere and ocean are close to the average spirals at midday

At least two main oceanic fronts (the subarctic and subtropical fronts) exist in the North Pacific. Especially in the subtropical frontal zone (STFZ), the sea subsurface temperature gradient is significantly larger than that of the surface layer in winter. Subseasonal interaction between the subsurface subtropical front and overlaying atmosphere is revealed by using empirical orthogonal function (EOF)

In this study, long-term change of wind characteristics on the Black Sea has been investigated using two widely used data sources, i.e., European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP/CFSR), spanning 40 years between 1979 and 2018. Spatial and seasonal variability of climatic features

By analyzing NCEP-NCAR reanalysis daily data for 1979–2016, the modulation by Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) of the wintertime surface air temperature (SAT) over high latitude is examined. The real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index, which divides the MJO into eight phases, is used. It is found that a significantly negative SAT anomaly over the northern high latitude region of (180°–60 °W, 60°–90 °N)

The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of subsurface temperature shows a dominant north-south mode of interannual variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) at around 100 m depth (thermocline). This subsurface mode (SSM) of variability evolves in September-November (SON) as a response to Indian Ocean Dipole and intensifies during December-February (DJF) reinforced by El Niño and Southern