The Quaternary Acoculco (<2.7 my) and Los Humeros (<46 ky) calderas, located in the eastern sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), are separated by a regional structure known as the Chignahuapan Horst (ChH). The tectonic and magmatic evolution of the ChH comprises four stages: 1) Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene Laramide orogeny, related to the deformation of sedimentary successions; 2) a sedimentary

Rainfall is a major component of the hydrological cycle. The lack of basic information on rainfall spatial variability is a major source of uncertainty in many fields of studies, e.g., meteorology, hydrology, and agriculture. Satellite rainfall measurements are becoming increasingly popular for their extensive database and reliable estimates. The objective of this study was to use the Tropical Rainfall

The syenitic intrusion of the Floresta Azul Alkaline Complex is characterized by the presence of intense fluid activity in late stages of crystallization, leading to the formation of sodalitites and to the genesis of REE-rich accessory minerals. Calcite is a common mineral in the nepheline syenite of the complex, its formation being derived from CO3 enrichment during fractional crystallization of phonolitic

This paper aims to better comprehend the crustal structure of the Precordillera and the Iglesia Valley. Located in the northern sector of the Pampean flat-slab (San Juan, Argentina), this region was the epicenter of the historical 1894, M > 7 earthquake (intensity IX on the modified Mercalli scale) and thus considered as a region of particularly high seismic hazard. The structure and deformation style

In the midwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil, kimberlite intrusions, particularly kamafugite and alkaline complexes, occur along the NW-SE-oriented Alto Paranaíba structural high. Diamonds in this region were discovered in the Bagagem River and later in the alluvial deposits of the Santo Antônio do Bonito, Santo Inácio and Douradinho rivers. Diamond-bearing kimberlites observed in the region are the primary

In the last decade, detailed geomorphological analyses of northeast Brazil led the authors to publish a model of landscape development in which long-term landform evolution was driven by regional swell-like uplift post-dating Early Cretaceous intracontinental rifting and the formation of the Atlantic passive margin in Aptian times. The post-Cenomanian uplift caused an inversion of Cretaceous basins

Unlike other South American basins, the boundary between Ordovician and Silurian in the Paraná Basin, Brazil, has yet to be studied in detail. This article reports the occurrence and taphonomic analysis of a fauna composed of the organophosphatic brachiopods Kosoidea australis and ?Palaeoglossa sp., the mollusks ?Paleoneilo sp. and ?Cuneamya sp., besides rynchonelliform brachiopods and the ostracods

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are one of the most dangerous volcanic phenomena. The correct interpretation and mapping of PDC deposits in the volcano record is important to establish the eruptive style and play a fundamental role in hazard assessment and risk management. The Copahue volcano is an active intermediate volcano of the Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes (Argentina-Chile) that presents

A petroleum geology study was carried out at Foz do Amazonas Basin northwest portion, a new exploratory frontier basin on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin. Seismic and well data were interpreted to search similar play of some oil discoveries in correlated basins. The study area is in deep/ultra-deep waters, where the influence of the Amazon Cone is less expressive and 90 km east of Zaedyus oil discovery

A new ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Tacuarembó Formation (Late Jurassic of Uruguay), Tacuadactylus luciae gen. et sp. nov. is described, based on a rostrum fragment with spatulated tip and dentary fragments. It closely resembles Gnathosaurus in the orientation of the teeth and the presence of interalveolar concavities. However, a unique combination of synapomorphies distinguishes it from other

Fabaceae are one of the most diverse flowering-plant groups today, and in Mexico their presence is well represented since the late Cretaceous. In this work are reported two fossil woods from the El Bosque Formation, early Eocene of Southern Mexico. These new records show close resemblance with the modern wood of Kingiodendron (Detarioideae) and Enterolobium (Caesalpinioideae). Detarioideae subfamily

The orbital LANDSAT-8/OLI sensor and SRTM altimetric images combined with Boolean algebra and complemented by fieldwork and XRD, chemical and spectroradiometric analysis, allowed to develop a mathematical model for mapping the tropical regolith in the Midwest of Brazil. It was used four mapping classes following the arithmetic band operations of 4/2 and (4+6)/5 to identify lateritic duricrusts, loosed

The genesis of clays in Pantanal soils is influenced by parent material, water seasonality and elevated temperatures, resulting in soils with attributes not so common in other tropical regions. This research aimed to study the genesis of minerals in the clay fraction present in three soil profiles developed from carbonate sediments in Pantanal of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Three trenches

The Jurassic magmatism and metamorphism of Colombia result from the convergent relation between the Farallón plate and the northwestern continental margin of South America. However, the geodynamic process that generated both magmatism and metamorphism is still unclear. Field relations, U–Pb geochronology and trace elements in zircons, whole-rock geochemistry, and mineral chemistry from a series of

Wet meadows in mountainous areas are important environments for the ecosystem services provided, mainly those associated with the water supply to local people. In the region of the Patagonian Andes wet meadows are spatially associated with rock glaciers and other related periglacial landforms. The aim of this work was to determine the hydrological significance of these geoforms as sustenance of wet

This special issue focused on recent advances of the Jurassic System in Argentina was inspired by works presented and discussed during the 7th Argentine Symposium of the Jurassic held in 2019 at Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Twenty years have passed this year since the initial conception of the First Argentine Symposium of the Jurassic by the Jurassic Subcommittee of the Argentine Stratigraphy

Rivers are key elements of the landscape sensitive to changes in the rate of rock uplift. For the case where rock uplift is rapid, rivers experience a drop of their base-level leading to the formation of a knickpoint that propagates through the fluvial network. Such response is expected in extensional settings where rivers incise across the fault scarp direction. The NW portion of the state of Sonora

Basin analysis from Colombian Caribbean is particularly important given the interest in finding hydrocarbon reservoirs, but their complex geological evolution, and the frequent lateral and vertical variation of facies difficult a conclusive characterization, highlights the need for detailed sedimentological and ichnological studies. The study succession corresponds to an interval of a well core drilled

Orogenic Au deposits represent one of the largest sources of gold in the world and in Brazil, particularly at the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, southeastern portion of the São Francisco Craton. In the last decades, advances in in-situ analytical techniques allowed a detailed investigation of the chemistry of sulfides. This can reveal information about the origin and composition of the mineralizing fluids

In the Neuquén Basin, the Portezuelo Formation (Turonian-Coniacian, Upper Cretaceous) is represented by extended fluvial outcrops that are well-known for yielding an abundant and diversified vertebrate fossil record. However, most of the sauropod fossil record is represented by incomplete specimens, and only two taxa are formally described for the upper Turonian–lower Santonian of the Neuquén Basin:

Arid and semi-arid regions constitute an area where approximately 20% of the global population lives and the groundwater represents the only source of fresh water supply in many cases. In Extra-Andean Patagonia, located in the south extreme of South America, the landscape dominated by basaltic plateaus is associated with wet meadows, which are the only source of fresh water for rural inhabitants in

This study aimed to simulate the influence of lithology on geophysical well logs, using, as a starting point, the mineralogical composition of the geological formations. The mineral content and fluid saturation were, inversely, estimated from the logs. The equations, to calculate the responses of the gamma ray, resistivity, density, neutron, and sonic logs, were consulted in the bibliography and analyzed

Following the discoveries on West Africa conjugated margin since 2007 (Jubilee, Tweneboa, Venus, Mercury, and other fields) and in the Guiana-Suriname Basin since 2011 (Zaedyus field and Liza Complex/Exxon's Stabroek block), the Potiguar Basin deep/ultra-deep waters represents one of the most important exploratory frontier basins, like others on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin. Aiming to apply similar

This paper presents preliminary results of paleoclimatic signatures of conifer woods during the deposition of the basal Crato and topmost Romualdo members of the Santana Formation within the Tropical Equatorial Hot Arid Belt (late Aptian, Araripe Basin, Brazil). Analysis was carried out using standard thin sections, and the anatomical details were studied in transmitted light. The wood growth pattern

Global sea-level changes and substantial vertical displacement along the Monte Grande Fault (MGF) in the lower Río Ica Valley of south-central Peru influenced the accumulation of bioclast-bearing and diatom-bearing Miocene siliciclastic sediments in an area of the East Pisco forearc basin (EPB) colloquially known as Laberinto. Two depositional hiatuses in the Laberinto area (∼17–14 Ma, ∼12.5–10 Ma)

The region of Tucuruí, northeastern Pará, is located in the transition between the Amazon Craton and the Araguaia Belt. In this region, there is an extensive graben filled by a volcano-sedimentary succession, 35 km wide that extends over 100 km in the NNW-SSE direction and which is represented by the Tucuruí Group. This group consists of a succession of basaltic flows and diabase sills interbedded

The Sierra de Catorce along the eastern margin of the Mesa Central in central northern Mexico exposes Triassic to Neogene rocks in two deeply incised canyons in the northern portion of the range, permitting a 3D view of structures and mineral fabrics associated with the Mexican Orogen. Triassic siliciclastic units, recording a penetrative deformation, are unconformably covered by less-deformed Jurassic

Lithofacies analyses were undertaken on a suite of well-exposed carbonate deposits from the (Pliocene) Mayrán Formation, in the Mayrán Basin system, northeast Mexico to investigate the controls on carbonate lithofacies variability in a series of linked lacustrine subbasins, with a common hydrology yet very different inputs. The lacustrine carbonates contain variable proportions of production-derived

The Gomphotheriidae family belongs to the Proboscidea order. Gomphotheres were elephant-like mammals whose representatives inhabited North America from the Middle Miocene to the late Pleistocene. In this work, a gomphothere remains from Santiago Tepeticpac (Tlaxcala, Mexico) are described. The comparative study with other Proboscidea, mainly from different localities of Mexico and South America, mostly

The Orocaima SLIP consists of an association of acid-intermediate volcanic-plutonic rocks. The volcanic rocks were generated in explosive eruptions through low eruptive columns, probably associated with fissural volcanism in the north of the Amazonian Craton, Brazil, between 2.0 and 1.98 Ga. It generated ignimbrites, whose facies (volcanic breccia rich in lithic, lapilli-tuff and lithic lapilli-tuff)

The crustal thickness in South America has been mostly determined using seismological techniques. However, because these techniques provide point constraint or profile-specific results, the crustal thickness maps become especially dependent on both the number and spatial distribution of seismological stations. In the Amazonian Craton, the extensive forest cover restricts the number of existing stations

Sediments stored in reservoirs provide useful information about landscape erosion rates that are needed for understanding the geomorphologic evolution of sites and also for engineering purposes. In arid and semi-arid landscapes, the differentiation of sedimentation pulses is required since landscape erosion usually occurs in short periods and involves the mobilization of large volume of sediments.

The Romualdo Formation, Aptian-Albian of the Araripe Basin, is known for the extraordinary preservation of its paleoichthyofauna. The majority of the studies performed on the basin are descriptive, so this study aims to analyze morphological adaptations in the paleoichthyofauna of the Romualdo Formation, seeking to understand how they influenced the life habits of fishes. To conduct the paleoecological

The effects of parent material on soils tend to be stronger than those of temporal and environmental conditions that interfere with weathering and pedogenesis. The main objective of the present study was to characterize and evaluate rock weathering and pedogenesis in the toposequence of gabbro-derived soils using geochemical and micromorphological data. Four profiles were sampled from a toposequence

Manganese is a redox-sensitive element that was widely deposited during the early Paleoproterozoic. This was caused by the oxygen catastrophe of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) that raised the oxygen levels in the hydrosphere-atmosphere system, as well as an aftermath of Paleoproterozoic glaciations. In addition, manganese was widely remobilized during Paleoproterozoic collisional events, which affected

Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic cherts are rare and contain valuable information to understand the chemical evolution of oceans in the past, given that during most of this period an abiological deposition process has been interpreted for their formation, in which silica precipitated directly from seawater. In the Palaeoproterozoic basement of the Tandilia Belt (Argentina), Río de la Plata Craton (RPC),

Archaeocyaths, articulated reticulosans, protospongiid sponge spicules, fragments of chancelloriid scleritomes and isolated sclerites are typical components of the lower-middle Cambrian Sonora biota of Mexico. This report briefly introduces the Cambrian sponges and chancelloriid fossils of the Sonoran platform described and illustrated to date. Early Cambrian (Series 2, stages 3 and 4) sponge spicules

This study aims to improve the knowledge on the geological evolution of the Maricá Lagoon (Rio de Janeiro) during the Holocene. One hundred and three samples from four boreholes and GPR data were acquired. Laboratory analyses included grain size and morphology, color, organic matter contents, fossils, mineral composition, and 14C dating. The results indicate that the 12.5 m thick sedimentary section

Thirty-seven devonian shale samples from the Barreirinha Formation were collected from the northern and southern borders of the Amazonas Basin and were geochemically analyzed to evaluate their hydrocarbon source potentials and depositional paleoenvironments and to estimate the thermal effects of igneous intrusions on kerogens. The results showed that samples from the northern border exhibited total

The Special Issue on Paleomagnetism and Magnetic Fabrics in Latin America contains twenty-one original contributions ranging from Paleogeography and Tectonics to Paleosecular variation of the Earth Magnetic Field and Magnetic Fabrics applications, among others. They are good examples of the state-of-the-art of these disciplines applied to a broad range of Earth Sciences subjects in Latin America.

Mocho-Choshuenco Volcanic Complex (MCVC) is one of the most hazardous volcanoes in Chile's Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ). It is located at 40°S 72°W in Los Ríos Region, Chile, where the SVZ coexists with the margin-parallel Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault System (LOFS) and with NW-striking Andean Transverse Faults (ATF). The LOFS is 1200 km-long intra-arc strike-slip fault system located between 38° and 46°S, and

As recent dramatic and numerous examples demonstrate, earthquakes still constitute a significant threat to cultural heritage (Bam 2003; L’Aquila 2009; Haiti 2010; Nepal 2015). By damaging the historical legacy, telluric phenomena affect economic and touristic incomes and alter regional identities and collective psyche. In the Andes, as in other emerging regions across the globe, deficient seismic hazard

A Silurian regional tectonometamorphic event has been widely recorded by different geochronological methods in the Sierras Pampeanas, NW Argentina and the Precordillera. It took place between ca. 445 and 420 Ma after the regional Hirnantian (late Ordovician) glaciogenic sedimentation. Three domains are recognized. 1) The eastern Sierras Pampeanas and the Puna mainly record focused westward ductile

Microtextures on quartz grains from the Huatabampo (HB) and Altata (AA) beaches, Gulf of California, were analyzed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to infer the depositional history and provenance. In total, 41 microtextures were identified and grouped as mechanical, mechanical/chemical, and chemical mode of origins. Among them, twenty-three microtextures represent mechanical, eight represent

Islands are important morphologies in multichannel fluvial systems for maintaining secondary channels, increasing flow efficiency in the widest stretches, and hosting important ecological environments. This study presents a hitherto unclassified, distinct type of fluvial island that occurs in large rivers: the lake-island. We analyzed islands from large rivers, particularly from South American rivers

The Brasfield rift and South Shetland trench are part of the active margin of the Antarctic continent. From the records of a seismic station at the King George Island installed by the Observatorio Geofísico del Uruguay, 3186 seismic events during August 26 and September 11, 2020 were retrieved with an average of 187 earthquakes per day and a maximum of 359 on August 30. 217 events with a local magnitude

The ichthyofauna of the Lower Cretaceous Quiricó Formation (Sanfranciscana Basin), Minas Gerais, Brazil, comprises so far taxa like Hybodontiformes (Chondrichthyes), Dastilbe, Laeliichthys, Mawsonia, and isolated Amiidae teeth and Semionotiformes scales. Here we report new remains of a dipnoan tooth plate and its associated pterygopalatine and Lepisosteidae material comprising isolated scales, a hyoid

Kinematic paleo-reconstruction plate models show that the portion of the Iquique Ridge (IR) located next to the northern Chilean trench was formed 45–50 Ma onto the former oceanic Farallon (currently Nazca) plate near the intersection of the Foundation hotspot and the ancient Farallon-Pacific spreading center. The IR started to collide with South America >40 Ma off northern Peru, and the collision

The Austral-Magallanes Basin covers the southernmost region of Patagonia, South America. South of Lago Argentino, the Calafate Formation documents part of the foreland stage of the evolution of this basin. Here, sandstones from the Calafate Formation were characterized using petrographical, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and geochemical data in order to establish their tectonic setting and sediment source

Detection and continuous monitoring of Earth's ground surface changes, triggered by natural phenomena or induced by human activities, is nowadays possible using Earth Observation (EO) technologies. Indeed, the exploitation of remotely sensed data collected by constellations of new-generation satellite platforms, complemented with in-situ measurements and ground-based observation systems, represents

The Billecocha plateau (4000 m a.s.l.) lies in the high elevation Ecuadorian Andes volcanic arc. It overhangs by 2000 m above the interandean valley. Both the plateau and surrounding volcanoes are heavily affected by active faulting characterized by straight, sharp and discontinuous scarps within a 6 km wide and 24 km long corridor. Contrasting interpretations have been proposed to explain the expression

Late Jurassic South American theropod faunas are still extremely poorly known, with large-sized ceratosaurids and megalosaurids having been identified on the basis of isolated teeth, whereas the only named taxa, Chilesaurus and Pandoravenator, are probable tetanurans of uncertain affinities. Here we describe two new specimens of medium-sized to large theropods from the Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian Cañadón

The fossil-rich limestones (La Negra Facies of the El Doctor Formation) in the Muhi Quarry, northwestern State of Hidalgo, Mexico are of late Albian age based on the occurrence of the ammonites Mortoniceras sp., Hamites aff. renzi and ?Beudanticeras sp. Their occurrence establishes the possible presence of the M. fallax, M. rostratum, M. prinflatum, and A. briacensis Zones (upper Albian) in North America

The investigation of the deep structures of Precambrian mobile belts is crucial for defining the tectonic evolution of Phanerozoic intraplate basins. The magnetotelluric (MT) method provides high-resolution two-dimensional (2-D) electrical resistivity models for the major deep-basement structures of a passive margin in southern Brazil. We obtained the resistivity models by applying mathematical inversion