A decimetre-thick, deeply weathered sill intrusive in the Itabira iron formation and exposed at the historical Veloso underground mine in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, contains three populations of magmatic zircon grains: (i) xenocrysts with Archaean Pb–Pb and Hf model ages; (ii) xenocrysts of Palaeoproterozoic crystallisation ages of ca. 2200 Ma, with superchondritic εHf2.2 Ga values between 1.5 and 11

Landslides are among the most frequent and dangerous mass removal processes around the globe. They can be triggered by different phenomena such as earthquakes, extraordinary rains, glacier outbursts, volcanic activity, among others. In this study, we reconstruct the origin and potential cause of a rock avalanche that occurred in the Cotahuasi canyon in southern Peru. The head-scarp is a cirque carved

The Somún Curá Magmatic Province (SCMP) is a Cenozoic volcanic region comprised by several basaltic fields and large central volcanoes located at the Northern Extra-Andean Patagonia, Argentina. The principal volcanic sequences were erupted between the late Eocene and late Miocene, forming the Meseta de Somún Curá, which covers ~30,000 km2 between 40°30′-43°20′S and 65°50′-69°20′W, involving around

Analyses of living (L) and dead (D) foraminifera assemblages associated to environmental parameters were applied at the Almada River Estuary, aiming for assessments concerning local biodiversity, hydrodynamic sector and environmental quality. A total of 27 species were identified in the living assemblage and 35 in the dead, with the predominance of Ammonia tepida and Cribroelphium excavatum. A DCA

The Tapes Complex crops out in the southeastern Nico Pérez Terrane (NPT) of the Río de la Plata Craton and forms part of a NE-trending Mesoproterozoic belt together with the Calymmian (1.48–1.43 Ga) Parque UTE and Mina Verdún groups. The complex is characterized by interbedded/tectonically interleaved metasedimentary (mainly siliciclastic) and metaultramafic rocks, with subordinate intercalations of

In the late Pleistocene, Panochthus was the most diverse genus of glyptodontids with five species: P. jaguaribensis, endemic to the intertropical region of Brazil, P. hipsilis from Bolivia, P. greslebini from Brazil and Argentina, P. tuberculatus from Uruguay and Argentina and P. frenzelianus, probably from the Pampean region, Argentina. In this paper we describe the robust caudal tube of a new species

The Tunas Formation crops out in the eastern sector of the Ventania System (southwestern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) and represents the last unit of the Pillahuincó Group (Pennsylvanian–Cisuralian). This work integrates sedimentological, palaeontological, geochemical, and geochronological studies of the uppermost levels of the unit with the aim to enhance its palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphic

The geological scenario of thick weathering materials over a fresh bedrock is characteristic of tropical climate regions. The application of the Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) methodology relying on multiple, high resolution measurements methods on continuous cores and/or boreholes in such geological conditions, particularly in a contaminated area, is unprecedent. A total of 977 structures were described

The western margin of Gondwana records evidence of mid-Carboniferous glaciation (Visean- Bashkirian) in the strata of the Paganzo Basin and adjacent areas. Previous studies focused on constraining the orientations of ice flow and generalizing the extent and occurrence of glacial ice in the basin. However, there is uncertainty occurs concerning the location and extent of glaciation and the locations

The new Pleurodira turtle Itapecuruemys amazonensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Itapecuru Formation (Parnaíba Basin, Brazil) is described. The new species is represented only by its holotype, which consists of an almost complete carapace and plastron, with an oval-shaped outline. The most peculiar characters of Itapecuruemys amazonensis are: neural plates six and seven are separated by costal six, and

The Peruvian deep focus seismic doublet of November 24, 2015 is the largest event recorded on the Peru-Brazil border in the last 50 years, with hypocenter depth at 655 km (Mw 7.4) for the first event and 675 km (Mw 7.5) for the second event, both events were separated by a distance of 50 km and by a time of 5 min. There was no damage on the surface, but the earthquake was felt in part of Peru (IV MM

The 495 to 450 Ma Famatinian orogen, exposed throughout central and northwestern Argentina, formed from east-directed subduction under the Gondwanan margin. The Sierra de Narváez and Sierra de Las Planchadas preserve a rare upper crustal section of the Famatinian arc. New mapping, structural analysis, detrital U–Pb zircon geochronology, as well as major and trace element geochemistry in the Sierra

The analysis of the geomorphological features developed over a given area contributes to the knowledge of the processes that intervened in the evolution of the landscape, helping to reliably understand their interaction with the surface and underground water resources. The headwaters of the Río del Oro are in the Sierra de Famatina, which is located in the north center of La Rioja Province. Based on

The Amagá basin between the Western and Central Cordilleras of the Northern Andes of Colombia hosts the Neogene volcanic and volcaniclastic Combia Formation. Deposition of the Combia Formation in relation to Nazca plate subduction and arc volcanism is still a matter of debate. Therefore, the timing, petrography and geochemical characteristics of Combia Formation rocks were studied in the western and

Sodium-affected soils occur predominantly in arid and semi-arid regions. Sodification and solodization are the two main pedogenetic processes in the formation and evolution of these types of soils, in the landscape. In this study, we used soil morphological, physical, and hydraulic analyses to test the hypothesis that sodification and solodization are natural processes of soil degradation, constituting

The Permian remagnetization belt that affects the southwestern margin of Gondwana has an important geographic extension reaching several South American cratons and terranes. A paleomagnetic pole for the Early Cambrian Guachos Formation in the Eastern Cordillera of Argentina was computed (LG: Lat: 58.1°S, Long: 20.2°E, A95: 6.4°, n: 30), that likely corresponds to a Permian remagnetization and suggests

In this article I present a review of InSAR observations of ground deformation at Cordón Caulle volcano, whose 2011–2012 VEI 4-5 eruption is the best scientifically observed and instrumentally recorded rhyolitic eruption to date. I document a complete cycle of pre-eruptive uplift, co-eruptive subsidence and post-eruptive uplift with InSAR data between March 2003 and May 2020 and produced by a complex

Despite the wide diversity of landforms, there are only a few geomorphological maps of the Chilean Central Andes. In this study, we present a detailed geomorphological map on a 1:50.000 scale for the Diguillín Valley (Ñuble Region, Chilean Andes), as a result of the interpretation of aerial photographs from the year 2000 provided by Aerophotometric Service of the Chilean Air Force (FACh). To represent

The Lower-Middle Jurassic volcanic and volcanoclastic rocks of the Santa Marta Massif (SMM) record the magmatic evolution of a continental arc developed on the NW margin of Gondwana. However, the lack of a comprehensive description of these successions has made it difficult to understand the geologic processes that occurred during the onset, development, and termination of the volcanic activity. Our

Two compositionally different volcanic cycles are documented by geological mapping, lithofacies and petrographic analyses of Jurassic volcanic rocks in the northeastern sector of the Deseado Massif, constituting the western counterpart of the Karoo-Ferrar LIPs in Patagonia. The first cycle is of intermediate composition and is represented by andesitic lava flows, phenoandesitic moderate-grade ignimbrites

The Triassic is a key period in turtle evolution for three main reasons: First, the oldest fully shelled body-fossil records of the clade Testudinata come from Late Triassic (Norian) rocks. Second, tracks attributed putatively to turtles (Chelonipus isp.) are reported from the Early Triassic of North America and from the Middle and Late Triassic of Europe. Third, the undisputed sister taxon (Odontochelys

Cerro Tujle is an isolated Quaternary maar located 21 km south-east of the Salar de Atacama basin. It is situated at 3,554 m a.s.l., on the top of the Cordón de Tujle ridge forming a north-south striking morphological element in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, in northern Chile. The material erupted at Cerro Tujle lies over the Tucúcaro Ignimbrite (3.2 ± 0.3 Ma), covering the whole area. The

The Mexican record of notoungulates is scarce. So far, the only described species in Mexico is represented by Mixotoxodon larensis, which has limited in Michoacán and Veracruz. This work describes the MG-ITCM-405P toxodont material discovered in Tampico (Late Pleistocene) that confirms the presence of the Mixotoxodon larensis in Tamaulipas (northeastern Mexico). The specimen consists of an almost complete

Precambrian orogenic belts are key areas to understand how the continental crust formed and evolved with time, and to constrain when plate tectonics began on planet Earth. The Itabuna-Salvador-Curaçá Orogen, in the São Francisco Craton, is an orogenic belt over 800 km long that is interpreted as the result of collision of four blocks during the Paleoproterozoic. However, its geological history before

Terrestrial Triassic assemblages are an important component of the heritage of Argentina, particularly because of their diverse record of fossil vertebrates. Triassic basins from western Argentina have a good representation of therapsids, a lineage that includes a series of stem extinct groups plus crown Mammalia. Because of their diversity and abundance, non-mammaliaform cynodonts are the most conspicuous

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Differential Interferometry (DInSAR) and its extensions to manage time series are nowadays well-known and mastered techniques to perform among others land-motion monitoring. We present here a fully automated monitoring service based on DInSAR and Multidimensional Small Baseline Subset (MSBAS) methods. The automated processing chain named “InSAR automated Mass processing

A special frequency spectrum expansion processing (FSE) was applied to seismic lines to identify gas chimneys (GC) in the Parnaíba Basin (NE of Brazil). GC are recognized by typical vertical and low frequency chaotic disturbances in the seismic data, which are interpreted as being caused by the migration of fluids or free gas. These structures are important hydrocarbon indicators and have become a

The Southern Patagonian Icefield is located in an area with a complex tectonic-rheological structure and is affected by intense glacial-isostatic adjustment and rapid ice retreat. Geodetic observations of loading effects provide information on earth structure. Perito Moreno Glacier repeatedly dams the Brazo Rico and Brazo Sur branches of Lago Argentino. The rupture of the ice dam applies an intense

The Cretaceous oceanic crust of the Caribbean plate has a long and complex tectonic history as an indentor plate bounded by transcurrent faults (N and S) and subduction margins (W [east slab dip] and E [west slab dip]) with no strain data. Miocene forearc sediments and accreted ophiolites are exposed along the central Pacific coast of Costa Rica and preserve a variety of folding and faulting styles

Monogenetic volcanic fields usually comprise short-lived isolated volcanoes. However, new vents might build over or near to the older ones, resulting in the construction of complex, compound, nested, or overlapping volcanic structures formed by the superposition of individual monogenetic edifices. In the present study, we examine the case of Alchichica Maar volcano that cut through a series of pre-volcanic

This paper provides new trace element and Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb-O isotope data on Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic mid to upper crustal lithologies of the Andean basement in central Chile and western Argentina (33°-35°S; 69°-72°W). It also provides additional data on trench sediments being subducted offshore the northern segment of the Southern Volcanic Zone in Chile. Neoproterozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks

Mélanges are a chaotic mixture of different rock assemblages that can be associated with orogenic belts and suture zones. The Brasília Belt is a Neoproterozoic orogenic belt in central Brazil, which contains a poorly understood ophiolitic mélange. In order to better understand the sedimentation that was associated with this mélange, isotopic U–Pb and Lu–Hf analyses on single zircon grains, and Sm–Nd

In Northeastern Venezuela, since 10 Ma, the tectonic setting is dominated by the eastward translation of the Caribbean Plate accommodated mainly by the E-W El Pilar strike-slip fault. However, to the south, in the Monagas Fold and Thrust Belt (MFTB), evidence of active compression has been identified in the southern limit of the Urica dextral fault. The objective of this study is to integrate geomorphological

In the southern Central Andes, between 27 and 33°S, a flab-slab subduction has been established since the last 10 Ma. This particular subduction geometry has been proposed to control the eastward migration of the deformation, with the Precordillera fold-and-thrust belt development and the uplift of the foreland Sierras Pampeanas basement blocks. In this study, we present a 190 km-long structural section

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) has been used for measuring ground deformations with high both spatial and temporal resolutions. The effectiveness of this technique has been extensively proved using mainly C and X band because of the availability of SAR platforms operating in these frequencies. In vegetated areas, L-band SAR is more adequate because of their less sensitivity

In spite of hosting one of the most important Pb–Ag–Zn mineralizations in Patagonia, the metamorphic history of the rocks of the Mina Gonzalito Complex (MGC; east of the North Patagonian Massif) is still unclear. The complex consists of schists, para- and ortho-derived gneisses, ranging from greenschist to amphibolite facies, and metamafic rocks. Leucogranites and pegmatites were intruded synkinematically

The Rio Doce magmatic arc, developed from ca. 630 to ca. 580 Ma on the active continental margin, links the Araçuaí and Ribeira orogens in southeastern Brazil. The plutonic portion comprises the G1 supersuite, a calc-alkaline, magnesian, I-type pre-collisional rock-assemblage, mostly composed of tonalite to granodiorite, frequently containing dioritic to mafic enclaves, and their metamorphosed equivalents

The study area is located in the N-NE region of Brazil where Precambrian rocks of the São Luís Cratonic Fragment and the Gurupi belt are overlain by Phanerozoic sediments of the Parnaíba and São Luís basins, making the assessment of the extents of these geotectonic domains difficult. One of the main objectives of the present study was to elaborate a NNW-SSE-trending, 180-km long magnetotelluric transect

Representative rock-magnetic experiments and petrographic studies on remagnetized limestones and dolostones from the Upper Cambrian La Flecha Formation (Quebrada La Angostura, Precordillera de La Rioja, Argentina) carrying a pre-tectonic Permo-Triassic secondary magnetization are reported in order to improve the understanding of the pervasive Sanrafaelic overprint that reset the palaeomagnetic record

We present the development of thermochronological tools for Andino 3D® software, that integrates Fetkin (Finite Element Temperature Kinematics). These tools allow the user to work on both the structural and the thermochronological model at the same time, providing a user-friendly environment that overcomes the need to work with different programs. Thermochronological and structural models can be checked

In northwestern Argentina (NWA), particularly at ∼27° S, the best known Neogene depocenters are intermountain tectonic valleys located in the Sierras Pampeanas geological province. Conversely, basins located to the east from the Aconquija and Ambato ranges, toward the Chaco-Pampean Plain, have been scarcely studied due to the extensive vegetal coverage. In the last decade, despite some contributions

The present study analyzes the geochemical composition of samples of both, pre- and ore-related intrusive rocks collected from five porphyry copper deposits of Sonora, Mexico. These deposits are included in the porphyry copper belt of the western North American Cordillera, and particularly in the great porphyry copper cluster of Arizona, New Mexico and Sonora, recognized as one of the most important

Comparative analysis of mineralogy and post-depositional thermal evolution, as well as Sr–Nd and U–Pb on zircon isotope analysis of metapelites/pelites and sandstones of the Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic succession (Puncoviscana Complex, Mesón and Santa Victoria groups) in the Sierra de Mojotoro of northwestern Argentina has been conducted. Samples are mainly composed of different phyllosilicate minerals:

The heterogeneous South American geology has coined a wide variety of neotectonic settings where crustal seismogenic sources do occur. This fact has led to different approaches for mapping and inventory neotectonic structures. The South American Risk Assessment project promoted the discussion and update under uniform standards of the available information on neotectonic deformation, for its application

The Permian–Triassic is a critical period for interpreting and understanding the development of West Antarctica and its correlations into Patagonia, South America. The Antarctic Peninsula preserves isolated outcrops of Permian–Triassic age magmatic and metamorphic rocks of granodiorite, orthogneiss, paragneiss and migmatites. Outcrops from the eastern margin of the Antarctic Peninsula (Eastern Domain)

The sedimentology, petrography, and U–Pb dating of two Eocene volcaniclastic horizons of the Punta Torcida and Leticia formations, Austral basin, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina are interpreted and documented. The volcaniclastic deposits, pumicite breccia and tuffaceous sandstones, are formed by glass shards, plagioclase crystals, and pumiceous and lithic andesitic fragments. Originally deposited as tephra

The Bransfield Basin is a back-arc basin located in Western Antarctica between the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula. Although the subduction of the Phoenix plate under the South Shetland block has ceased, extension continues through a combination of slab rollback and transtensional motions between the Scotia and Antarctic plates. This process has created a continental rift in the basin

The Paraná Magmatic Province (PMP) in southern Brazil is divided into three sub-provinces historically characterized by their Ti content (low-Ti in the southern sub-province, high-Ti in the northern, and mixed in the central sub-province). Ar/Ar and U–Pb ages for the PMP usually places the whole volcanism in a brief interval of ∼135-133 Ma with younger ages to the north. The existing paleomagnetic

The Pirambóia Formation tar sands constitute one remarkable occurrence of heavy oil in the eastern border of the Paraná Basin, São Paulo State, Brazil, being characterized as highly degraded oils related to the Irati-Pirambóia oil system. In this context, the aim of the present work was to investigate biomarkers that are more resistant to degradation and use them to establish a more reliable geochemical

Bubble nucleation and growth dynamics exert a primary control on the explosivity of volcanic eruptions. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies aim to capture the complex process of melt vesiculation, whereas textural studies use vesicle populations to reconstruct magma behaviour. However, post-fragmentation vesiculation in rhyolitic bombs can create final quenched bubble (vesicle) textures that

The provenance of sandstones deposited in the late Paleozoic Tepuel-Genoa Basin is analyzed in this paper. Five sections were sampled in Esquel, Sierra de Tepuel, Sierra de Tecka, El Molle, and Río Genoa areas for petrographic and geochemical studies. The sandstones in the Tepuel-Genoa Basin are dominated by feldspathic litharenites and litharenites, showing lithic fragments of volcanic and sedimentary

The São Francisco craton and its surrounding orogens are some of the most important tectonic elements of South America, and key regions to understanding the assembly of Western Gondwana in the Proterozoic-Palaeozoic transition. During this major tectonic event, diachronic collisions between small continents developed an intricated orogenic system, where several orogens evolved in unique paths through

This work presents the first carbon dioxide diffuse degassing survey carried out in the Cerro Blanco Geothermal System (CBGS; Southern Puna plateau, NW Argentina) with the aim to estimate the thermal energy release. The survey was divided into (i) a prospecting stage of the degassing sites within the CBGS and (ii) mapping of the selected diffuse degassing sites. The purpose of the prospecting stage