The changes in the river stretch by engineering constructions such as bridges affect its physical attributes and imply an impact on biological functioning. Thus, the ecological behavior of the river devises a scope for the future study correlating the probable flood risk areas. The alteration of river habitat and the riparian environment have been investigated in the present study using two methods:

Amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion is a widely used approach to obtain reliable estimates of elastic parameter in the fields of seismic exploration. However, the AVO inversion is an ill-posed problem because of the band-limited characteristic of seismic data. The regularization constraint plays an important role in improving inversion resolution. Total variation (TV) class regularization

Earth's ionosphere is an important medium for navigation, communication, and radio wave transmission. The inadequate advances in technology do not allow enough realization of ionosphere monitoring systems globally, and most research is still limited to local research in certain parts of the world. However, new methods developed in the field of forecasting and calculation contribute to the solution

The Great Sumatran Fault (GSF) activity is a severe threat to Banda Aceh development as the capital city of Aceh Province, Indonesia. The earthquakes originating along this fault trace, despite generating low strength, considerably threaten infrastructure and human lives. Therefore, a detailed study of the GSF activity and presence becomes critical. In this paper, we applied the Global Gravity Model

The existence of fractures and vugs in igneous formation is a key factor to determine the productivity of oil and gas reservoirs. Fracture–vug plane porosity and porosity spectrum (fracture–vug parameters) are important parameters to evaluate the development of fractures and vugs. In the process of drilling, the bit forms shallow holes and scratches on the borehole wall which is characterized by pitting

A dozen of inversion methods are applied and tested to estimate the permeability of the area where gas-fingering event has taken place in an Iranian carbonate reservoir located southwest of Iran. In a previous work, the gas-fingering event was detected by inverting the 3D seismic data and in this study the permeability model in that area is estimated. Because the lateral area of the gas-fingering event

In the original version of the paper, the authors used Fig. 1 to describe the study area's location.

Following the M7.0 earthquake that struck the Greek island of Samos and Turkey's western coast, causing extensive damage and casualties, we combined existing knowledge geodatabases concerning historical seismicity and rupture zones with seismological and geodetic measurements as well as with modelling and in situ observations, to provide an assessment of rapid response to the seismic event. In this

Regularization parameter selection (RPS) is one of the most important tasks in solving inverse problems. The most common approaches seek the optimal regularization parameter (ORP) from a sequence of candidate values. However, these methods are often time-consuming because they need to conduct the estimation process on all candidate values, and they are always restricted to solve certain problem types

In the original version of the paper https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-019-00268-4.

Postseismic global positioning system (GPS) time series are of fundamental importance for investigating the physical mechanisms of postseismic deformations, as well as the construction and maintenance of terrestrial reference frames. Particularly, methods for constructing accurate fitting models for such time series are critical. Based on the physical features of postseismic deformation models, we

The derivation of geomechanical properties from petrophysical/geophysical data is not only of great importance in the oil industry but also in mining, geothermal projects and tunnelling, for reduction of costs and to improve security. For the oil industry and geothermal sector, it is mainly important for drilling rate and the stability of the borehole and, as a result, the economic factor. A key issue

Deblending of simultaneous-source seismic data is becoming more popular in seismic exploration since it can greatly improve the efficiency of seismic acquisition and reduce acquisition cost. At present, the deblending methods of simultaneous-source seismic data are mainly divided into two types: filtering method and sparse inversion method. Compared with the filtering method, the sparse inversion method

On the premise of constraining the seismogenic fault structure of a future large earthquake, we proposed using empirical equations to determine the length, width, seismic moment and slip distribution of a large seismogenic fault plane and using the stochastic finite fault model to predict future large earthquakes. The ground motion time histories and response spectra recorded by 12 seismic stations

Despite numerous studies carried out on permeability estimation from either 2D/3D images or models, a precise evaluation of the permeability for carbonate rocks is still a challenging issue. In this study, the capability and advantages of pore network parameters extracted from 2D thin-section images as inputs of intelligent methods for permeability estimation of carbonate rocks are explored. Pore network

Reverse time migration (RTM) artifacts usually start to appear in large reflection angles which include a wide-angle range. On the other hand, the only proposed starting reflection angle for RTM artifacts is 60 degrees which is not based on a proven investigation and it seems to be just a suggestion based on trial and error. As an important issue, we determine a predominant starting reflection angle

There is a very strong link between the behavior of ground penetrating radar (GPR) wave propagation in zinc-contaminated soil and the dielectric properties of soil. This relationship can be of significant use in the practices of quick detecting the degree of pollution in zinc-contaminated soil. In this research, measurements were conducted on the zinc-contaminated soil samples with different soil index

Surface soil moisture knowledge is important, especially in agriculture and irrigation management. Properties of microwave remote sensing like penetration power and longer wavelength facilitate retrieval of surface soil moisture. ALOS PALSAR-2, quad polarized data are used to retrieve surface soil moisture using polarization decomposition techniques in a marginal farmer small-scale maize field. The

Artificial neural networks method (ANNs) is a common estimation tool used for geophysical applications. Considering borehole data, when the need arises to supplement a missing well log interval or whole logging—ANNs provide a reliable solution. Supervised training of the network on a reliable set of borehole data values with further application of this network on unknown wells allows creation of synthetic

Qualitative interpretation is one of the most important missions in geophysical methods, particularly the determination of the shape and depth of disturbing bodies. The characteristics of the gravity field make it difficult to unequivocally determine both of these parameters; therefore, the problem is solved by reducing the shape of the body by means of simple solid figures and on this basis an attempt

Seismic signal can be expressed by nonstationary convolution model (NCM) which integrates acoustic impedance (AI), attenuation factor (AF) and source wavelet (SW) into a single formula. Although it provides attractive potential to invert AI, AF and SW, simultaneously, effective joint inversion algorithm has not been developed because of the extreme instability of this nonlinear inverse problem. In

A variety of geophysical methods and analytical modeling are applied to determine the rockburst hazard in Polish coal mines. In particularly unfavorable local conditions, seismic profiling, active/passive seismic tomography, as well as analytical state of stress calculating methods are recommended. They are helpful in verifying the reliability of rockburst hazard forecasts. In the article, the combined

The entropy of earthquakes is derived by using the Gutenberg–Richter statistical distributions. Both canonical and microcanonical earthquake distributions are given, and Einstein’s fluctuation formula is deduced for earthquakes. The seismic activity of Vrancea in the period 1980–2019 is analyzed, for earthquakes with magnitude greater than two, and the results are compared with the theoretical results

Establishment of the relationship between soil suction and water content, commonly termed as soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC), is of prime importance in the field of unsaturated soil mechanics. There are several instruments available that can be used to measure the SWCC of soil, but every suction measuring device has its own limitations in terms of its suction measurement range. Therefore, the

There are different methods in hydrological approach for estimating the environmental flow and a comparative assessment is necessary. The low flow indexes (7Q2 and 7Q10), Smakhtin, Tennent and flow duration curve were used to estimate the environmental flow of Zohreh River in the southwest of Iran. The Smakhtin, 7Q2, 7Q10 and Tennant methods resulted in the estimation of constant values of 27.2, 12

Deep copper ore mines in Poland have been struggling with seismic hazard since almost fifty years ago when the first rock burst occurred. Increasing exploitation depth and mined-out space make the mining conditions constrained and severe causing the seismic activity to grow substantially. Consequently, rock burst preventive activities have to be incorporated into mining technology to provide work safety

This paper focuses on sea surface temperature (SST) trends due to the importance of temperature difference in climate change impact research. These trends are not only essential for climate, but they are also important for marine ecosystem. Immigration of fish population due to the temperature changes is expected to cause unexpected economical results. For this purpose, both classical Mann–Kendall

Spatial and depth variability of soil characteristics greatly influence its optimum utilization and management. Concealing nature of soil subsurface horizons has made the traditional soil investigations which rely on point information less reliable. In this study, an alternative use of ground penetrating radar (GPR)—a near-surface geophysical survey method—was tested to address the shortcomings. The

In the article “A Study of Thermal Controls in Rapidly Developing City Using Remotely Sensed Satellite Data: Spatio-Temporal Perspective” by Mahmood et al. (Journal of Acta Geophysica, advance online publication, January, 2021, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11600-020-00535-9) the affiliation of first (Khalid Mahmood) and third (Syeda Yuman Fatima) authors has been wrongly stated, the correct

Acoustic least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) can retrieve the improved reflection images. However, the most existing acoustic LSRTM approaches generally ignore the density variation of the subsurface. The multi-parameter acoustic LSRTM approach in the presence of a density parameter can overcome this weakness. However, different model parameterizations in such an acoustic LSRTM approach can

The dynamic nature of rock mass damage during mining activity generates seismic events. This article shows, how the time window for the database influences on the actual status of seismic hazard for the longwall mining area in one of Polish coal mines using Gutenberg–Richter law. A time window of 10–90 days was assumed with similar or shorter prediction times forecast on its basis. Additionally, for

Acoustic, resistivity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging are important means of reservoir evaluation. In this paper, the information of pore structure, such as the aspect ratio and the shape, is obtained by rock physical experiments like constant velocity mercury injection and casting thin section. Taking pore structure information as a link, the theoretical relations among acoustic-NMR,

The drilling-related geomechanics requires a better understanding of the encountered formation properties such as poroelastic parameters. This paper shows set of laboratory results of the dynamic Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and Biot’s coefficient for dry and water-saturated Istebna sandstone samples under a series of confining pressure conditions at two different temperatures. The predicted results

Reverse time migration (RTM) is a high-precision imaging method for complex structures. However, without considering seismic anisotropy of the subsurface, RTM utilizing the anisotropic seismic data may produce blurred structure images with incorrect positions. Moreover, some exploration targets with insufficient illumination cannot be effectively identified in the migration profile, especially the

In this study, we investigated the geomagnetic ground observatory data from 1980 to 2011 collected from World Data Center from 134 stations. To analyze the data we have applied spherical harmonic decomposition to obtain components associated with the Earth’s main magnetic field and to calculate how the Earth’s dipole was varying in the aforementioned recent 31-year period. There is a visible ~ 2.3%

This article presents the results of an integrated interpretation of measurements made using Audio-Magnetotellurics and Seismic Reflection geophysical methods. The obtained results were used to build an integrated geophysical model of shallow subsurface cover consisting of Cenozoic deposits, which then formed the basis for a detailed lithological and tectonic interpretation of deeper Mesozoic sediments

Sedimentation in dam reservoirs causes problems such as reducing storage volume and useful life of reservoirs, reducing the volume of flood control, sluices, tunnels, and turbines clogged, and other related issues. Despite the development of several methods to solve this problem, the sedimentation rate of the world’s dam reservoirs indicates the existence of this problem. The Hydrosuction Sediment

Following previous geoelectrical researches initiated in 2009 for the delineation and characterization of seawater intrusion in a freshwater aquifer of Sarmatian (late Middle Miocene) age, a subsurface imaging survey via 2-D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was conducted in 2019 on the outskirts of Vama Veche resort—Romanian Black Sea southern coast. The survey was organized in the framework

The existing global network of continuously operating stand-alone GNSS reference stations provides an opportunity to estimate total electron content (TEC) from raw Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements. The TEC driven from a local GPS network in Pakistan was compared to two international models: IRI-2016 and IRI-PLAS 2017. The performance was analyzed statistically based on residual analysis

The unsusual rise in the land surface temperature is playing a vital role toward the rapid and intense changes in global climate. Occurrence of certain land use land cover and alternative changes in them is the prime cause of bringing extreme changes in temperature. In this research, using 30-year long time series (1988–2018) data from Landsat satellites for understanding relation of mean temperature

High temperatures affect the physical properties of red sandstone seriously, especially the pores. Understanding its mechanism is of great significance in coal mining following underground gasification, geothermal energy utilization, and the deep burial of nuclear waste. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to detect pore structure characteristics, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarizing

The article describes the establishment of the location of agate geodes using the GPR method in the area of the Simota gully (Lesser Poland Voivodeship). Agates (a multicolored variety of gemstone of chalcedony group) have multifaceted values that informed their study. Traditional methods of geode location are less reliable, hence the attempt to use the GPR method. Measurements were taken at two study

In this paper, two applications of numerical integration in geodesy and geophysics are presented. In the first application, the Molodenskij truncation coefficients for the Abel-Poisson kernel are computed using eleven different numerical integration procedures, namely two-, three-, four-, and five-point Gaussian, Gauss–Kronrod, trapezoidal rule, Simpson and its adaptive mode, Romberg, Lobatto, and

Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in deep saline aquifers has been lauded as one of the most effective techniques to mitigate greenhouse effects globally. Nevertheless, despite many investigations, clarifying the influence of CO2–water–rock interactions on the fracture characteristics of sandstone remains a challenge. In this work, the fracture properties of sandstone collected from the Triassic Xujiahe

The blast-induced ground vibration (BIGV) is a severe environmental impact of blasting as it can affect the integrity of the structures and cause civil unrest. In this study, the BIGV of Daejeon tunnel was predicted taking into consideration parameters such as hole length, the charge per delay, number of holes, total charge, distance from the measuring station to the blasting point and the rock mass

The frequency and the severity of extreme weather events are increasing globally and will continue to do so in the coming decades as a consequence of our changing climate. Understanding the characteristics of these events is crucial due to their significant negative impacts on social, physical and economic environments. In this study, 14 extreme rainfall indices are determined and examined in terms

Single-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) users require an efficient ionospheric delay correction model for improving their positional accuracy. GPS satellite range signals undergo time delay through the inhomogeneous and dynamic state of the ionosphere. The ionospheric delay is inverse proportional to the signal frequency square due to the dispersive nature of the ionospheric medium

Indian regional navigation satellite system (IRNSS) or Navigation with Indian Constellation (NaVIC) is the satellite-based navigation system, established and controlled by the Indian Space Research Organization. It provides services of positioning, velocity, and timing for civilian and military applications. Ionospheric irregularities cause the fluctuations in the amplitude and phase of the received

The frequency of extreme rainfall occurrence is expected to increase in the future and neglecting these changes will result in the underestimation of extreme events. Nonstationary extreme value modelling is one of the ways to incorporate changing conditions into analyses. Although the definition of nonstationary is still debated, the existence of nonstationarity is determined by the presence of significant

Global warming is a biggest issue around the world. In this research paper, the temporal and spatial trend analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall on Bhogavo River watersheds in Sabarmati lower basin of Gujarat state of India has been analysed using the data of 11 rain gauge stations installed in Bhogavo watershed. Linear regression, Mann–Kendall Test, Sen’s slope test and innovative trend analysis

In this study, seismic events in the Edirne district (Turkey) and its vicinity have been investigated in order to discriminate earthquakes from quarry blasts. A total of 150 seismic events with Md ≤ 3.5 duration magnitude from a seismic activity catalog between 2009 and 2014 recorded by the Enez (ENEZ), Erikli (ERIK) and Gelibolu (GELI) broadband stations operated by Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory

Water is essential for irrigation, drinking and industrial purposes from global to the regional scale. The groundwater considered a significant water resource specifically in regions where the surface water is not sufficient. Therefore, the research problem is focused on district-wise sustainable groundwater management due to urbanization. The number of impervious surface areas like roofing on built-up

In this study, local scour occurring downstream from a nozzle with and without plates formed in cohesionless materials was investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed to determine scour geometry, maximum scour depth, and the effect of aeration on scour for water jets impinged obliquely into the downstream pool. Dimensionless variables affecting the scour were determined as densimetric

Stream–aquifer interaction process plays an important role in modulating flood wave propagation in a channel. The most elementary understanding of stream–aquifer interaction can be interpreted by the flux direction between a surface water body and the underlying aquifer. At the time of floods, stream stage rises, and the water gets infiltrated into the aquifer, and this process gets reversed at the

The quantitative analyses of karst spring discharge typically rely on physical-based models, which are inherently uncertain. To improve the understanding of the mechanism of spring discharge fluctuation and the relationship between precipitation and spring discharge, three machine learning methods were developed to reduce the predictive errors of physical-based groundwater models, simulate the discharge

The analysis of long-term rainfall data in a changing climate is important because it has many sectoral applications such as agriculture, infrastructure, and water resources management. Statistical analyses of the annual maximum rainfall data were performed using the Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test to evaluate the annual maximum trend characteristics of the rainfall time series, the innovative trend analysis

Among many seismic inversion methods, the sparse spike inversion for post-stack seismic data uses the migrated and stacked seismic data which is regarded as zero offset reflection seismic data in the case of normal incidence to extract reflectivity and impedance of underground rocks. The seismic reflectivity and impedance can reflect underground rocks’ lithology, petrophysical property, oil–gas possibility

Poro-elastic wave equations are one of the fundamental problems in seismic wave exploration and applied mathematics. In the past few decades, elastic wave theory and numerical method of porous media have developed rapidly. However, the mathematical stability of such wave equations have not been fully studied, which may lead to numerical divergence in the wave propagation simulation in complex porous

Algeria has experienced catastrophic floods over the second half of the twentieth century, causing many deaths and extensive material damage. This study was conducted to find a suitable event-based rainfall-runoff (RR) model for semi-arid conditions, where continuous data are not available in all regional basins. The study compared, based on data availability, the SCS-CN model based on the antecedent