The development of temperature forecasting models for the state of Kerala using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) method is presented in this article. Mean maximum and mean minimum monthly temperature data, for a period of 47 years, from seven stations, are studied and applied to develop the model. It is expected that the time-series datasets of temperature to display seasonality

Gravity data are often used for delineation of the lateral and vertical extension of mineralized bodies buried at different depths. Various parameters associated with the buried bodies are the primary concern for mineral exploration purposes. Hence, a reliable and efficacious interpretation method is developed for the delineation of gravity anomaly data over the 2D vertical and horizontal sheet with

In this study, an integrated approach has been adopted for optimum selection of locations for rain water harvesting (RWH) in Kohat district of Pakistan. Various thematic layers including runoff depth, land cover/land use, slope and drainage density have been incorporated as input to the analysis. Other biophysical criteria such as geological setup, soil texture and drainage streams characteristics

As one of the evaluation characteristics of shale sweet spots, the brittleness index (BI) of shale formations is of great significance in predicting the range of sweet spots, and guiding hydraulic fracturing. Based on the three elastic parameters of P-wave velocity (VP), S-wave velocity (VS) and density obtained by conventional prestack AVO inversion, BI can be calculated indirectly using the Rickman

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) is a newly functional regional satellite navigation system around Indian subcontinent. It is also known as its functioning name of NaVIC, Navigation with Indian Constellation, working on L5 and S band. In this paper a compact and low cost circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna is proposed for IRNSS S band application, to provide single

The seismic records acquired during the 1994 MW6.7 Northridge earthquake provide important data for studying the pulse-like ground motions in the vicinity of reverse faults. We selected 106 horizontal records from 468 strong ground motion records in the near-field region and rotated the original records into fault-parallel and fault-normal orientations. Large velocity pulses were simulated by the 3D

Koyna region in western India experienced more than 1,00,000 earthquakes of different magnitudes (M ~ 1.0–6.3) in the past five decades. Earthquakes in this region are believed to be triggered by a change in fluid pressure due to the percolation of the reservoir (Koyna and Warna reservoir) water into the subsurface. A drilling program was set up by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, India and International

The gradient-based optimization methods are preferable for the large-scale three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric (MT) inverse problem. Compared with the popular nonlinear conjugate gradient (NLCG) method, however, the limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (L-BFGS) method is less adopted. This paper aims to implement a L-BFGS-based inversion algorithm for the 3D MT problem. And we develop

The continuous shift of shoreline boundaries due to natural or anthropogenic events has created the necessity to monitor the shoreline boundaries regularly. This study investigates the perspective of implementing artificial intelligence techniques to model and predict the realignment in shoreline along the eastern Indian coast of Orissa (now called Odisha). The modeling consists of analyzing the satellite

The presence of seismic absorption distorts seismic record and reduces seismogram resolution, which can be partially compensated by application of absorption compensation algorithms. Conventional absorption compensation techniques are based on 1D forward model with each seismic trace being compensated independently. Therefore, the 2D results combined by each compensation trace may be noisy and discontinuity

Settling of solid particles in a stratified ambient fluid is a process widely encountered in geophysical flows. A set of experiments demonstrating the settling behaviour (the pattern of trajectory, variation of particle orientation, and settling velocity with depth) of thin disks descending through a nonlinear density transition was performed. The results showed complex hydrodynamic interactions between

This paper investigates the relationship between selected percentiles, return periods and the concepts of rare and extreme events in climate and hydrological series, considering both regular and irregular datasets, and discusses the IPCC and WMO indications. IPCC (Annex II: Glossary. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Site diversity gain prediction models were created to estimate mathematically the acquired benefits from the implementation of site diversity at place of choice. This work contributes to the comparison of existing gain prediction model to the gain of measured attenuation at Cyberjaya and Rawang, Malaysia. The experiment has been conducted for 4 years from 2014 to 2017, in Ka band using a large 7.3-m

An analysis of seismic risk using our tool QLARM has been performed for the Batken region including the cities of Aidarken and Kadamjay, 100 km SW of Osh. The damage to residential buildings and induced casualties has been estimated for a set of seismic scenarios of typical and maximum magnitude considering the existing seismicity data. Population and building datasets have been built based on up-to-date

With the development of oil and gas exploration, the conventional seismic migration imaging technology based on the isotropic assumption no longer meets our current requirements for high-resolution images. Migration in anisotropic media has become an essential requirement for oil and gas exploration. Marine seismic exploration has gradually entered the wide-azimuth and high-density seismic data acquisition

The goal of the study was to investigate if aviation emissions could influence the climate and weather by modifying the chemical composition of the atmosphere and subsequently, the radiative balance. To carry out the set objective, we used the global environmental multiscale atmospheric chemistry model with comprehensive tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry that is interactive with the radiation

This study was focused on evaluation of seismicity yield of key faults guarding the terrestrial Makran region (Balochistan and Iran) using updated datasets. The Makran onshore region is bounded by paramount strike-slip faults (Chaman fault, Ghazaband fault, Ornach-Nal fault and Minab fault). We have compiled the earthquake’s catalog and performed iterative processes for declustering of independent

This study investigates the potential of two evolutionary neuro-fuzzy inference systems, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with particle swarm optimization (ANFIS–PSO) and genetic algorithm (ANFIS–GA), in modelling reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The hybrid models were tested using Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, root mean square errors and determination coefficient (R2) statistics and compared

Zoeppritz equations form the theoretical basis of most existing amplitude variation with incident angle (AVA) inversion methods. Assuming that only primary reflections exist, that is, the multiples are fully suppressed and the transmission loss and geometric spreading are completely compensated for, Zoeppritz equations can be used to solve for the elastic parameters of strata effectively. However,

A comprehensive review of the local scour due to vortical flow around a cylindrical bridge pier under steady current is presented in this paper. The mechanism of the formation of vortices, the size, velocity and strength of horseshoe vortex (HSV), formation of the HSV by the separation of laminar and turbulent boundary layer and the scour around a cylindrical pier due to vortices have been presented

Crosswell electromagnetic (EM) method has fundamentally improved the horizontal detection ability of well logging and will become an increasingly promising approach for the secondary exploration of hydrocarbon reservoir. We applied orthogonal least squares (OLS) radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) based on improved Gram–Schmidt (G–S) procedure to three-dimensional (3D) crosswell EM inversion

Chicxulub crater formed ~ 66 Ma ago by an asteroid impact on the Yucatan platform in the southern Gulf of Mexico. The crater has a ~ 200 km rim diameter and has been covered by carbonate sediments up to ~ 1.1 km thick in the central zone. Previous studies have identified the structure and major crater units through geophysical models from seismic reflection and potential field data, classified as the

Particulate matters (PMs) are considered as one of the air pollutants generally associated with poor air quality in both outdoor and indoor environments. The composition, distribution and size of these particles hazardously affect the human health causing cardiovascular health problems, lung dysfunction, respiratory problems, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lungs cancer. Classification models

The Mw7.0 Anchorage earthquake is most significant event since 1964 Mw9.2. Far away subduction zone trace, thus the seismogenic structure and failure plane are not clear and keep disputed. Based on published data, including faults, aftershock, focal mechanism solutions and source fault model and so on, we make comprehensive analysis and discussion. We think that this earthquake belongs to plate subduction

The study areas are located in Turkey (Kastamonu, Bartın, Karabük, Sivas) and contain very different rock types, various mining and agricultural activity opportunities. So, the areas have groundwaters that have different chemical compositions and electrical conductivity (EC) values. The EC can be measured using EC meter, and it must be measured in situ. But, the measurement of EC in situ is laborious

Sub-surface operations for energy production such as gas storage, fluid reinjection or hydraulic fracking may modify the physical properties of the rocks, in particular the seismic velocity and the anelastic attenuation. The aim of the present study is to investigate, through a synthetic test, the possibility of using empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to observe the variations in

Groundwater is the primary source of water for human development in the Yishu River basin, and therefore characterizing groundwater quality is essential for sustainable development of groundwater resources in the region. This study aimed to determine the hydrochemical characteristics and water quality of groundwater in the Yishu River basin by sampling 45 wells in October 2016 and May 2017. Hydrochemical

Flood is becoming an intensive hydro-climatic issue at the Kelantan River basin in Malaysia. Univariate frequency analysis would be unreliable due to multidimensional behaviour of flood, which often demands multivariate flow exceedance probabilities. The joint distribution analysis of multiple interacting flood characteristics, i.e. flood peak, volume and duration, is very useful for understanding

The seismic sedimentology is an emerging inter-discipline originating from the seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy. However, implementation of the seismic sedimentological research is found with high difficulties, due to influences imposed by structural and depositional background data (including strong reflections). In this paper, seismic records are regarded as a combination of the reflection

In transversely isotropic (TI) media, accurate and efficient pure P-wave extrapolation is the basis of seismic imaging and inversion algorithms. For pure P-wave equations in TI media, combining the finite-difference (FD) method with the pseudo-spectral (PS) method is an effective solution. However, if the mixed-domain pure P-wave equation contains multiple wavenumbers, using the hybrid approach will

In this present work, an attempt has been made to analyze various thunderstorm-related parameters and their influence over the two stations Visakhapatnam (VSK) and Machilipatnam (MTM). The thunderstorm-related parameters used in the present study are convective available potential energy (CAPE), lifted index, K-index, total totals index (TTI), humidity index, convective inhibition, thunderstorm prediction

High-resolution remote sensing-based hydro-meteorological data products are being increasingly used for various scientific studies throughout the world. As such, it is important to evaluate the quality of the data retrieved by the means of remote-sensing especially for the regions characterized by the drastic variation of topography such as the Himalayas. This work focuses on the comparison and evaluation

Opposing flow junctions are considered as important elements in thermal and hydraulic equipment. This study numerically investigates the effects of angles and junction radii on coherent flow structures at opposing flow junctions with subcritical conditions. Hence, the three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved with the k–ε turbulence model on a non-staggered grid