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Seasonal variation in longshore sediment transport rate and its impact on sediment budget along the wave-dominated Karnataka coast, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Ateeth Shetty, K S Jayappa
Abstract The Karnataka coast is subjected to high wave activity during the southwest monsoon when most of the sandy beaches undergo erosion. Based on the littoral cell concept, the Karnataka coast is broadly divided into 14 major littoral cells and 26 stations are selected in the present study. WaveWatch III global wave model data at 0.5° interval were used to derive the nearshore wave characteristics
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Comparison of the performance of HYBRID ETKF-3DVAR and 3DVAR data assimilation scheme on the forecast of tropical cyclones formed over the Bay of Bengal J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Govindan Kutty, Rekha Gogoi, V Rakesh, M Pateria
Abstract This study compares the performance of hybrid ensemble transform Kalman filter – three dimensional variational data assimilation (HYBRID) system and three dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system in Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) in simulating tropical cyclones (TC) formed over the Bay of Bengal. An Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) system updates the ensemble
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Spatial and temporal trends in high resolution gridded rainfall data over India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Grace Nengzouzam, Sanayanbi Hodam, Arnab Bandyopadhyay, Aditi Bhadra
Abstract A high resolution (0.25°×0.25°) daily gridded dataset was analysed to study the spatial and temporal trend in various regions of India during the period of 1901–2013. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall (MK) test has been applied to the time series (1901–2013) rainfall data in order to detect the trends for both rainfall depth and number of rainy days. Sen slope estimator test was also used to
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Observational study of a severe snowfall avalanche over a state in North India in November 2019 using GIS J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Mohammad Suhail Meer, Anoop Kumar Mishra
Abstract Heavy snowfall in the first week of November 2019 caused snow avalanche that resulted in huge loss in the form of lives and properties over Kashmir Valley in North India. About 17 people were killed including 11 soldiers by the snow avalanche resulting from heavy snowfall. Data from seven stations of India Meteorological Department (IMD) have been used to study the snowfall events. These stations
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Estimation of Coda Q for northeast India using nonlinear regression J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Pardeep Sangwan, Dinesh Kumar
Abstract Classical logarithmic linearization of the single backscattering model to estimate the coda Q (\( Q_{c} ) \) leads to biased results in the presence of low signal-to-noise ratio. Non-linear regression using the Levenberg–Marquardt (L–M) method has been proposed to estimate the \( Q_{c} \) in the frequency range of 3–24 Hz on local earthquakes recorded in northeast region of India. Results
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Analysis of spatio-temporal trend in groundwater elevation data from arsenic affected alluvial aquifers – Case study from Murshidabad district, West Bengal, Eastern India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Rhitwik Chatterjee, Swetadri Samadder, Debabrata Mondal, Kalyan Adhikari
Abstract Fluctuation in groundwater level is a time-dependent stochastic process. It is also a function of various inflow and outflow components to and from the hydrologic system concerned. Depth to water level data are measured through a network of observation wells or hydrograph stations to ascertain the degree of fluctuation in groundwater level at the desired scale, on a long-term basis. Basically
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Study of small-scale structures and their significance in unravelling the accretionary character of Singhbhum shear zone, Jharkhand, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Abhinaba Roy, Abdul Matin
Localized strain within tabular ductile shear zones is developed from micro- to meso- to even large scales to form complex structures. They grow in width and length through linkage of segments with progressive accumulation of strain and displacement, and finally produce shear zone networks characterized by anastomosing patterns. Singhbhum shear zone (SSZ) represents a large composite zone characterized
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Fine particulate pollution and ambient air quality: A case study over an urban site in Delhi, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Janhavi Singh, Priyanshu Gupta, Deepak Gupta, Sunita Verma, Divya Prakash, Swagata Payra
Abstract The current study discourses the impact of variation in PM2.5 concentration on the ambient air quality of Delhi. The 24-hourly PM2.5 concentration dataset was obtained from air quality measurement site (Anand Vihar) of Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) for the duration of April 2015 to December 2018. The annual and seasonal variability in the trend of ambient PM2.5 along with cumulative
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Provenance and palaeoenvironmental significance of microtextures in quartz and zircon grains from the Paseo del Mar and Bosque beaches, Gulf of Mexico J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Mayla A Ramos-Vázquez, John S Armstrong-Altrin
Abstract Microtextures of quartz and zircon grains from the Bosque and Paseo del Mar beaches in the Gulf of Mexico were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to infer their provenance and palaeoenvironment. A total of 16 microtextures from 200 grains were identified and were grouped into mechanical, chemical, and mechanical/chemical origin. Microtextures of mechanical origin represent
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Uncertainty in hydrological analysis using multi-GCM predictions and multi-parameters under RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios in Manipur River basin, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Vicky Anand, Bakimchandra Oinam, Bikash Ranjan Parida
Abstract Climate change is likely to have adverse impacts on hydrological processes in a river basin, by altered runoff due to modifications in land use/land cover (LULC) and catchment hydrology. Substantial uncertainty exists to evaluate impacts of climate change on river catchment due to uncertainty in general circulation model (GCM) projections. In this study, impact of climate change on water balance
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Spatial variability of ground water quality: a case study of Udupi district, Karnataka State, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 B V Deepika, C R Ramakrishnaiah, Sujay Raghavendra Naganna
Abstract Groundwater is a reliable source of fresh water for domestic and agricultural water users. It supports subsurface ecosystem by balancing the geo-biological and bio-geochemical processes at micro- and macro-scales of the ecosystem. Overexploitation, anthropogenic activities and improper agricultural practices have contributed to the pollution of groundwater sources all around the globe. The
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New paleomagnetic pole and magnetostratigraphy of the Cauvery Basin sediments, southern India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 M Venkateshwarlu
Abstract Magnetostratigraphy or magnetic polarity stratigraphy (MPS) is constructed with paleomagnetic parameters for the Campanian–Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) onshore sediment sequences of the Cauvery Basin, southern India. Twenty-nine sedimentary outcrops in the vicinity of Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu, India were studied using AF (5–150 mT) and thermal demagnetization (100–700°C). The observed
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2D thermal modelling along the seismic section Kuppam–Bommidi in Southern Granulitic terrain of Indian Shield J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 Harini Guruhappa, G N Shinde, T Vijay Kumar, D V Ramana, Kirti Srivastava
Abstract The crustal structure along the 90 km seismic profile from Kuppam to Bommidi in the southern part of Archean Dharwar Craton and Southern Granulitic terrain is used to obtain a 2D thermal structure for the region. The temperatures are computed for known values of the radiogenic heat production, thermal conductivity and associated boundary conditions. The heterogeneous nature of the subsurface
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Investigation of anomalous propagation conditions in Central and West African stations using high-resolution GPS radiosonde observations J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 Samuel Kaissassou, A Lenouo, R S Tanessong, Kamsu Tamo, A Vondou, W Pokam, J Kanko
Abstract A comprehensive study on the anomalous propagation (AP) conditions occurring over the central and west African stations was made from 2 years (January 2005–December 2006) high-resolution data measured by GPS (Global Positioning System) radio survey observations. Through data quality control and diagnostic analysis, the probability of AP occurrence and characteristic quantities of the three
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Impact of projected climate change on seawater intrusion on a regional coastal aquifer J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 Sithara S, Pramada S K, Santosh G Thampi
Abstract Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the prime consequences of global warming as pointed out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). SLR adversely affects coastal regions; triggers coastal erosion, inundation, and affects the freshwater–seawater interface as well. This paper presents the results of a study in which a coastal aquifer under changing climate was simulated using a three-dimensional
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Use of GRACE time-series data for estimating groundwater storage at small scale J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Ch Samurembi Chanu, Harika Munagapati, V M Tiwari, Arvind Kumar, L Elango
Abstract This study integrates the time series of satellite data, i.e. (terrestrial water storage (TWS) extracted from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), soil moisture (SM) from Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), rainfall from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)) with in-situ data, i.e. (groundwater (GW) observatory well data and surface water (SW) as reservoir level
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Indian summer monsoon features in the NCEP analysis and forecast system J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 P V S Raju, Akhilesh Mishra, A B T Sundari
Abstract The diagnosis of the summer monsoon features over India are investigated using global analysis and forecast system (GFS) of the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). In addition, the performance of the NCEP GFS model in capturing the observed rainfall variability of the summer monsoon features over India through diagnostic parameters. We delineate the variability between two
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Size distribution of survivor clasts in pseudotachylyte and cataclasite: Implications for crushing and melting processes in seismic fault zones J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Arindam Sarkar, Dipanjan Bhattacharjee, Anupam Chattopadhyay
Abstract Quartz/feldspar fragment (‘clast’) sizes were measured in thin sections of three types of fault zone rocks, e.g., melting-dominated pseudotachylyte (M-Pt), crushing-dominated pseudotachylyte (C-Pt) and cataclasite (Ct), from two well-studied Precambrian shear/fault zones in the Indian craton (e.g., the Gavilgarh–Tan Shear zone in central India and the Sarwar–Junia Fault zone in western India)
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Grain-shape controlled strain in quartz grains in high ductile flow regime: Observations from the Main Central Thrust Zone of the Kumaun Himalaya, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-17 A R Bhattacharya, A K Verma
Abstract In ductile shear zones, the strain shown by the rocks depends much on the composition and shape of the mineral constituents. Under simple shear, quartz grains commonly reorient themselves in the direction of tectonic transport or flow. In ductile shear zones, quartz grains are elliptically stretched in the direction of mylonitic foliation to accommodate the imposed ductile strain. Our observations
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A coherent response of Southern Indian Ocean to the Antarctic climate: Implications to the lead, lags of atmospheric CO 2 during deglaciation J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-17 A C Narayana, P Divakar Naidu, P G Bhavani, Masood Ahmad
Abstract A record of δ18Oc from the Indian sector of Southern Ocean and atmospheric CO2, and δ18O of European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) and Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) reveals that a coherent response between δ18O record of Antarctic ice core and the δ18Oc record from Southern Indian Ocean during the deglaciation with initial warming starting around 18 kyr BP which is in
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Bleaching of blue light stimulated luminescence of quartz by moonlight J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 H M Rajapara, Vinayak Kumar, Naveen Chauhan, P N Gajjar, A K Singhvi
Abstract Moonlight is sunlight reflected from the moon’s surface. It is additionally modulated by the Earth’s atmosphere, dust and pollutants on its way to the surface of the Earth. This contribution reports the bleaching rates of blue light stimulated luminescence (BLSL) signal of Quartz under full moonlight exposure at the Earth’s surface. Quartz BLSL reduced to 70% by an exposure of 5 hrs moonlight
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Seasonal variability of tropospheric CO 2 over India based on model simulation, satellite retrieval and in-situ observation J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 M Krishnapriya, Rabindra K Nayak, Shaik Allahudeen, A Bhuvanachandra, V K Dadhwal, C S Jha, M V R Sheshasai, S K Sasmal, K V S R Prasad
Abstract In this study, investigation of the seasonal cycle of the tropospheric CO2 concentration over India was carried out using the GEOS-Chem atmospheric transport model, Greenhouse gas Observation SATellite (GOSAT) retrievals, and in-situ measurements. The model simulation is highly coherent with the satellite and in-situ datasets, and it shows a distinct seasonal cycle of the tropospheric CO2
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A new analytical protocol for high precision U–Th–Pb chemical dating of xenotime from the TTG gneisses of the Bundelkhand Craton, central India, using CAMECA SXFive Electron Probe Micro Analyzer J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Hiredya Chauhan, Aparajita Tripathi, Dinesh Pandit, N V Chalapathi Rao, Talat Ahmad
Abstract Xenotime is a significant accessory mineral which is being extensively used for precise U–Th–Pb geochronology by Electron Microprobe Analysis (EPMA). This paper presents a protocol for high analytical precision (<3% uncertainties on the measured ages) developed for the accurate estimation of U–Th and Pb content in xenotime using SXFive EPMA at the Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University
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Exploration and utilisation of groundwater resources in extreme arid regions of the Tibetan Plateau: A case study on Ali area, China J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 X B Kang, M Xu, K Li, X Liu
Abstract Identifying a good site for groundwater exploitation in arid areas with scarce hydrogeological data is a challenging task. In this study, west of the Tibet Autonomous Region located at the peak of the world ridge that belongs to the extreme water-scarce poverty zone is used as the study area. This study is the first to determine the formation and controlling factors affecting the groundwater
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Impact of SAPHIR radiances on the simulation of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal using NCMRWF hybrid-4DVAR assimilation and forecast system J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Devanil Choudhury, Ankur Gupta, S Indira Rani, John P George
Abstract Observing System Experiments (OSEs) were conducted to analyze the impact of assimilation of Megha-Tropique’s (MT) Sounder for Probing Vertical Profiles of Humidity (SAPHIR) radiances on the simulation of tracks and intensity of three tropical cyclones (Kyant, Vardah, and Maarutha) formed over the Bay of Bengal during 2016–2017 North Indian Ocean cyclone period. National Centre for Medium Range
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Tectonic appraisal of the Mid-Thane Creek of Mumbai, India: An integrated geophysical approach J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 J Jacob, V K Pitchika, K M Dubey, A Mishra, P Kumar, S Kumar, V P Mahale, A K Chaubey
Abstract Integrated geophysical surveys, comprising marine magnetic, high resolution shallow seismic and single-beam bathymetry were conducted to assess subsurface tectonics of the Mid-Thane Creek (MTC) of Mumbai. The bathymetry in the intertidal zone of MTC varies drastically due to periodic dredging, with maximum depth up to 6.4 m and a minimum of ~−1.6 m. High resolution shallow seismic sections
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Major ion, trace metal and environmental isotope characterization of groundwater in selected parts of Uddanam coastal region, Andhra Pradesh, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Tirumalesh Keesari, Anndasankar Roy, Diksha Pant, Uday Kumar Sinha, P V Nagendra Kumar, L Vaikunta Rao
Abstract This paper elaborates the hydrochemical and environmental isotope (δ2H and δ18O) inferences obtained from Uddanam region, Andhra Pradesh, India. Groundwater samples collected during pre-monsoon (June 2019) showed that the quality is fresh (EC < 1539 µS/cm) and contaminants like fluoride (<1.6 mg/L) and nitrate (<49 mg/L) are present within permissible limits. The composite water quality indices
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Water discharge and suspended sediment dynamics in the Chandra River, Western Himalaya J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Ajit T Singh, Parmanand Sharma, Chirag Sharma, C M Laluraj, Lavkush Patel, Bhanu Pratap, Sunil Oulkar, Meloth Thamban
Abstract Glacier systems are important components of the hydrological cycle and a major source of meltwater and sediment flux that controls the river ecology, water quality, and hydropower generation in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Thus, understanding short- and long-term changes in water and suspended sediment (SS) dynamics is crucial in highly sensitive pro-glacial Himalayan Rivers. In the
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Geo-informatics based multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for forest fire risk mapping in Palamau Tiger Reserve, Jharkhand state, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Binita Kumari, Arvind Chandra Pandey
Abstract Forest fires constitute a foremost environmental calamity that distresses the sustainability of the forest. The main source of degradation of Jharkhand forests are forest fires conquered by forest species of Sal and Bamboo. Palamau Tiger Reserve in Jharkhand state, India, is becoming more susceptible to forest fire due to anthropogenic disturbance coupled with speedy upsurge in population
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Geophysical and hydrochemical studies for sustainable development of groundwater resources in northwestern part of Telangana State, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Sakram Gugulothu, Ratnakar Dhakate, K Sreedhar, A Ramesh, Praveen Raj Saxena
Abstract Studies have been carried out to assess groundwater potential using geophysical analysis and water quality indices in parts of Nyalkal and Zaheerabad Mandal, Medak District, Telangana State. As a part of the study, 50 groundwater samples were collected and 103 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) had been carried out. The water quality was assessed with respect to various major ion chemistry
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Estimation of hydraulic conductivity in fractured crystalline aquifers using remote sensing and field data analyses: An example from Wadi Nasab area, South Sinai, Egypt J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Ahmed El-Rayes, Adel Omran, Mohamed Geriesh, Volker Hochschild
Abstract Fractured crystalline aquifer is considered as the main source of water supply in most of the arid and semi-arid regions. Fractures play an essential role as pathways through which groundwater flows from high catchments to supply the productive wells in lowlands. The hydraulic conductivity measurements for highly fractured crystalline aquifers are a must for optimal management of groundwater
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Hydrological evaluation of global gridded precipitation datasets in a heterogeneous and data-scarce basin in Iran J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 M Khoshchehreh, M Ghomeshi, A Shahbazi
Abstract Accurate estimation of the precipitation characteristics, including the value, temporal pattern, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in the input uncertainty reduction for rainfall-runoff models. In many basins, the improper spatial distribution of rain gauge stations or their limited historical recorded data causes many challenges, especially in heterogeneous catchments which
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Simulating hydrological response of a monsoon dominated reservoir catchment and command with heterogeneous cropping pattern using VIC model J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 Minotshing Maza, Ankur Srivastava, Deepak Singh Bisht, Narendra Singh Raghuwanshi, Arnab Bandyopadhyay, Chandranath Chatterjee, Aditi Bhadra
Abstract Present study assesses the effect of finer land-use classification in simulating the rainfall-runoff response of Kangsabati reservoir catchment (3,627 km2) and command (7,112 km2) by considering cropland heterogeneity in variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model. High resolution LISS-IV satellite imageries were used for the land-use classification. Global sensitivity analysis was performed
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On deriving influences of upwind agricultural and anthropogenic emissions on greenhouse gas concentrations and air quality over Delhi in India: A stochastic Lagrangian footprint approach J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-19 Theertha Kariyathan, Dhanyalekshmi Pillai, Eldho Elias, Thara Anna Mathew
Abstract Delhi, the capital city of India witnesses severe degradation of air quality and rapid enhancement of trace gases during winter. Still it is unclear about the relative role of the meteorological conditions and the post-monsoon agricultural stubble burning on the occurrence of these events. To overcome this, we examine the use of applying high-resolution transport model to establish the link
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Understanding the interactions between meteorological and soil moisture drought over Indian region J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-19 Prabir Kumar Das, Sushant Chandra, Dilip Kumar Das, Subrata Kumar Midya, Arati Paul, Soumya Bandyopadhyay, Vinay Kumar Dadhwal
Abstract The present study aims at analysing the relationship between meteorological and soil moisture droughts over different meteorological regions of India based on change-point, trends and probability analysis. The long term gridded standardized-precipitation-evapotranspiration-index (SPEI) and standardized-soil-moisture-index (SSMI) data during 1980–2015 were used to address the meteorological
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Geochemistry of calc-silicate rocks around Lunavada region, NE Gujarat: Implications for their protolith, provenance and tectonic setting J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-19 Gayatri N Akolkar, Manoj A Limaye
Abstract In this work, the calc-silicate rocks affiliated to the ‘Kadana Formation’, a youngest formation of the Lunavada Group have been investigated. These rocks are found to be embedded within associated rock types, viz., quartzites and metapelites in the form of isolated lensoidal bodies. Contact metamorphic textures and the typical mineral assemblage, viz., Act +Di + Cal + Qtz + Ttn ± Mc ± Pl
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Hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of Aji-Chay river, eastern catchment of Lake Urmia, Iran J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-19 Morteza Safari, Ardeshir Hezarkhani, Seyyed Reza Mashhadi
Abstract The Aji-Chay river is the most important river discharging into endangered Lake Urmia in NW of Iran. The present study investigates the hydrogeochemical characteristics and origin of dissolved ions in the Aji-Chay river and some of its tributaries passing through Tabriz plain which is located at the east side of Lake Urmia. For this purpose, 317 water samples were collected during 9 years
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On the dynamics of cyclogenesis, rapid intensification and recurvature of the very severe cyclonic storm, Ockhi J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 S D Sanap, M Mohapatra, M M Ali, P Priya, D Varaprasad
Abstract A very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS), ‘Ockhi’ started its journey from southwest Bay of Bengal (BoB) over Comorin area (7.5°N–77.5°E) as a low-pressure area on 28 November, 2017. Initially it moved north-westwards across Lakshadweep Islands without hitting Tamil Nadu or Kerala coast, then moved north-eastward over the Arabian Sea and dissipated upon hitting south Gujarat coast on 06 December
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Ambient noise and earthquake HVSR modelling for site characterization in southern mainland, Gujarat J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Durgada Nagamani; K Sivaram; N Purnachandra Rao; H V S Satyanarayana
This study provides the assessment of site characterization and possible shallow shear-velocity structure from the study of the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) measurements using the ambient noise or microtremor (herein called classical HVSR), extracted Rayleigh wave from the ambient noise data (herein called standard HVSR) and earthquake (herein called earthquake HVSR) data at five stations
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Evaluating the seismic hazard in the Kachchh Region, western India using the river gradient length anomaly technique J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Raj Sunil Kandregula; Girish Ch Kothyari; Gaurav Chauhan; Vasu Pancholi; K V Swamy; Abhishek Lakhote; Sneha Mishra; M G Thakkar
In the present study, we assess seismic hazard potential and surface deformation pattern along and across the strike of major active faults in the intra-plate Kachchh Rift Basin (KRB). Towards this, we adopted river Gradient Length Anomaly (GLA) technique, which detects recent tectonic deformation along a river profile on local and regional scales. The major deviations along the river profile can be
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Future changes in rice yield over Kerala using climate change scenario from high resolution global climate model projection J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Stella Jes Varghese; Sajani Surendran; B Ajithkumar; Kavirajan Rajendran; Akio Kitoh
AbstractThe impact of climate change on agricultural yield is one amongst the major concerns the world is witnessing. Our study focusses on rice yield prediction for an agricultural research station in Kerala with the help of climate change scenario input from the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) Global Climate Model (GCM) projection under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). We
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Role of site effect for the evaluation of attenuation characteristics of P, S and coda waves in Kinnaur region, NW Himalaya J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Richa Kumari; Parveen Kumar; Naresh Kumar; Sandeep
AbstractThe site effect and attenuation studies are carried out for Kinnaur region of northwest Himalaya, India. A total of 109 local events happened in Kinnaur region of magnitude range 1.6–4.5, are utilized for present work. The earthquake records are influenced by the site effect depending on soft sediment thickness beneath the recording sites. Therefore, in the present study, records are corrected
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Evaluation and hydrological impact of land-use changes in the Longtan basin J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-11 Guiyan Mo; Yongxiang Zhang; Ya Huang; Chongxun Mo; Qing Yang
AbstractCompared to climate change, land-use changes were the main driving factors to short-term hydrological variety. To evaluate land-use types variation and quantify its hydrological impact, this paper identified the temporal-spatial features and simulated the hydrological process of different land-use types over the last two decades (1990–2010) based on the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)
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Characteristics of extreme precipitation in South China during April–July for early rice season J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Liji Wu; Fei Hu; Li Xie
AbstractExtreme precipitation has significant impacts on human society and agriculture development under global climate change as well as severe effects on rice development. However, little research has been done on the characteristics of extreme precipitation in different rice growth stages. Taking the South China region as a case study, the characteristics of extreme daily precipitation in the early
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Evaluation of WRF and artificial intelligence models in short-term rainfall, temperature and flood forecast (case study) J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Emadeddin Shirali; Alireza Nikbakht Shahbazi; Hossein Fathian; Narges Zohrabi; Elham Mobarak Hassan
Flood prediction is very critical for efficient use of flood control reservoirs, and earthen and concrete levees systems. As a result, flood prediction has a great importance in catchment areas. In this study, rainfall and air temperature were predicted in Karun-4 basin in southwest of Iran by using three different models including WRF numerical model, ANN, and SVM model in order to evaluate accuracy
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A note on stress rotations due to the 2004 M w 9.2 Sumatra–Andaman megathrust earthquake J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 K Silpa; Anil Earnest
Here we study the evolution of stress and its rotations in the Sumatra–Andaman Subduction Zone (SASZ) after the 2004 Mw 9.2 megathrust earthquake, using moment tensor stress inversions. Models indicate returning of North Andaman stress regime to the inter-seismic oblique-compression, after a short stint of extension. Likewise, Little Andamans experience extension indicating a trench-ward guidance of
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Streamflow estimation in ungauged basins using watershed classification and regionalization techniques J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-05 Ganvir Kanishka; T I Eldho
Classifying watersheds prior to regionalization improves streamflow predictions in ungauged basin. Present study aims to assess the ability of combining watershed classification using dimensionality reduction techniques with regionalization methods for reliable streamflow prediction using soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). Isomap and principal component analysis (PCA) are applied to watershed attributes
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Correlation of spectral acceleration values in Iranian ground motions J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Rezvan Moaddab; Vahid Jahangiri; Hamzeh Shakib
Spectrum compatibility is commonly used as a tool for ground motion record selection in order to perform dynamic analysis. Conditional mean spectrum calculation, which can be used as a target spectrum, requires obtaining correlation coefficients between spectral acceleration values at multiple periods. To date, the correlation coefficients have not been evaluated exclusively from ground motions recorded
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Radiative characteristics of near-surface aerosols at a tropical site: An estimation based on concurrent measurements of their physico-chemical characteristics J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 S Aryasree; Prabha R Nair; Prashant Hegde
This study is an attempt to estimate the radiative characteristics of aerosols, namely, the scattering coefficient (βsc), absorption coefficient (βab), extinction coefficient (βex), single scattering albedo (ω) and the phase function P(θ), on a seasonal basis, incorporating the concurrent measurements of aerosol mass loading, size distribution and chemical composition at the tropical coastal site,
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Zircon U–Pb ages and geochemistry of granitoid from the southwest part of the Taşlıçay batholith: Implications for Neotethyan closure in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Mustafa Açlan; İnci Kibariye Turgut
The composite Taşlıçay batholith that is located in the Eastern Anatolian Accretionary Complex (EAAC) includes I- and S-type granitoid rocks. This batholith occurred as a result of the collision between Arabian and Eurasian plates along the Bitlis–Zagros suture zone during the Early Miocene (Burdigalian). This paper presents new whole rock geochemical and zircon U–Pb geochronological data from the
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Mineral chemistry of high-Al chromian spinel from ultramafic rocks of the Babina–Prithvipur transect, Bundelkhand Craton, central India: Implication for petrogenesis and tectonic setting J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-31 Abinash Sahu; Neeraj Vishwakarma; Yamuna Singh; C B Verma
Bundelkhand Craton is an important Archaean cratonic nuclei of the Central Indian Shield and comprises two greenstone complexes, i.e., the Babina–Mauranipur Greenstone Belt and the Girar–Madawara Greenstone Belt. The E–W trending Babina–Mauranipur Greenstone Belt in the central part of the craton, encloses several isolated lensoid shaped ultramafic bodies which has suffered various degrees of alteration
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Estimation of sediment load for Himalayan Rivers: Case study of Kaligandaki in Nepal J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-29 Pennan Chinnasamy; Aditya Sood
Himalayan regions have increasing sediment yield due to undulating topography, slope and improper watershed management. However, due to limited observation data, and site accessibility issues, less studies have quantified sedimentation loads in the Himalayas, especially Nepal. This has hindered the investments on run-of-river hydropower projects as high and unpredicted sedimentation has increased losses
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Thinking about water and air to attain Sustainable Development Goals during times of COVID-19 Pandemic J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-29 Abhijit Mukherjee; S Suresh Babu; Subimal Ghosh
AbstractIn 2020, we are in the doorstep of a new decade, during which the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are to be achieved, collectively as one nation and one human-hood, where availability of safe, sustainable and clean water and air forms the core of multiple goals. However, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe has resulted a newer challenge and paradigm for an evolving
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Petrography and whole-rock geochemistry of Oligocene Barail Sandstones of Surma basin: Implications for tectono-provenance and paleoclimatic condition J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Pradip Borgohain; M Faruque Hussain; Devojit Bezbaruah; V Vanthangliana; Parakh Protim Phukan; Manash Pratim Gogoi; Bubul Bharali
The Oligocene Barail Sandstones of Surma basin from parts of Champhai District of Mizoram, northeast India has been studied for their tectono-provenance setting using petrography and geochemistry. The studied sandstones are poor to moderately sorted, subarkosic to sub-litharenite and show dominance of quartz (avg. 54.46%) followed by feldspars (avg. 7.22%), rock fragments (avg. 4.98%), mica (avg. 5
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Assessment of regional best-fit probability density function of annual maximum rainfall using CFSR precipitation data J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Nkpa M Ogarekpe; Imokhai T Tenebe; Praisegod C Emenike; Obianuju A Udodi; Richard E Antigha
The upper Cross River basin (UCRB) fits a true description of a data scarce watershed in respect of climatic data. This paper seeks to determine the best-fit probability density function (PDF) of annual maximum rainfall for the UCRB using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) precipitation data. Also, to evaluate the performance of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Coupled
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An efficient global optimization method for self-potential data inversion using micro-differential evolution J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Sungkono
Self-potential (SP) method has many applications, where the interpretation of SP data can be used for qualitative and quantitative interpretation. However, inversion of SP data in this paper is of quantitative interpretation and consists of highly non-linear, multimodal data and deploys global optimum method (GOM). Micro-differential evolution (MDE) is a GOM with small or micro-population size (5–8
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Paleoenvironment shifts during MIS 3: Loess and loess paleosols of Kashmir Valley, India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Asif Ali; Hema Achyuthan
Kashmir valley receives the rainfall owing to the dominant westerly winds and experiences less impact of the southwest monsoonal rains (SWM). In this valley, loess and loess paleosols occur as a thin veneer covering the landscape. The loess paleosols form an important proxy for paleoclimate reconstruction and understanding the late Quaternary paleoenvironmental shifts. For this purpose, the loess,
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Extending the limit of widespread dispersed Toba volcanic glass shards and identification of new in-situ volcanic events in the Central Indian Ocean Basin J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Ankeeta Amonkar; Sridhar D Iyer; E V S S K Babu; S Manju
We report the widespread extent of Toba volcanic glass shards in the Central Indian Ocean Basin. Investigation of four sediment cores (7º–17ºS) revealed several shard-rich horizons (SRH) that provide the first detailed tephrochronology for volcanic glass shards in the CIOB. A comparative study of surface sediments floored with Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT), indicate that irrespective of the rate of sedimentation
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Model showing influence of tectonics and energy condition of the fluvial environment on facies architecture: A case history of Quaternary alluvial deposits of Purna basin, central India J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Ashok K Srivastava; Mangla N Bansod; Ajab Singh; Vivek M Kale
Present work includes identification of lithofacies and reconstruction of depositional environments including controls of tectonics, and energy condition of the medium on sedimentation pattern of alluvial deposits of Purna basin, central India. The basin exhibits good development of dominantly areno-argillaceous sediments along with restricted occurrences of boulder-pebbly lithounits, covering together
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Influence of trapped soft/stiff soil layer in seismic site response analysis J. Earth Syst. Sci. (IF 1.423) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Narayan Roy; Sibapriya Mukherjee; Ramendu Bikas Sahu
As the ground response analysis serves an integral part of site specific seismic hazard study to obtain design ground motion, a proper and accurate estimation should be of prime importance. The paper presents a study on the effect of trapped soft and stiff soil layer on equivalent linear ground response analysis implemented in computer program STRATA. For this purpose, the concept of normally stiff
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