Abstract The work is a continuation of the article published in the journal Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk (2019, No. 7) in which a review of tools for quantifying the effects of trade wars was given. This article presents the results of calculations of the consequences of several scenarios of the trade war of the United States and its European allies against Russia and China. These results were

Abstract The genesis of basic concepts such as literary monuments and composition of literature, which largely determine the formation of the repertoire of the Literary Monuments book series, is discussed. The interpretation of these elements, which are now, as before, taken into account by the editorial board of the series, goes back to the ideas of Academician Nikolai Konrad about the historicity

Abstract A special type of society is forming in the global North, the functioning and development of which are mostly determined by large-scale immigration. The integration of such societies, which include mass and diverse cohorts with a migrant background, has become a vital task requiring new governance approaches. The potential to mitigate social differences and bring people of different origins

Abstract The modern scientific community somewhat forgets the original meaning of the word publication (from Latin publico, I declare publicly): publicizing. Questionable administrative restrictions lead to the fact that expansion of readership is an author’s almost last concern. This article considers characteristic examples of the unjustified narrowing of readership imposed on the author. In particular

Abstract This article is based on a presentation at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on September 24, 2019. It analyzes new trends in the development of the People’s Republic of China and emphasizes the need for updating approaches to study of the economic and political transformation of modern China. The decline in economic growth that is determined by the influence

Abstract The supply of Russia’s high-tech industry with critical mineral raw materials has become an aggravating concern in recent years because of the steady shrinkage of rich and technically and economically feasible deposits and the instability of imports from producing countries in today’s world of political volatility. This article shows why this issue is a matter of global importance and why

Abstract In 2017, a collective work of German specialists in Slavic Studies was published in Berlin. This book was Handbuch des Russischen in Deutschland: Migration, Mehrsprachigkeit, Spracherwerb (Guide to the Russian Language in Germany: Migration, Multilingualism, Language Mastery and Proficiency), which considers the fate of the Russian language in Germany in the historical and cultural perspective

Abstract This article is dedicated to one of the most authoritative climatologists of the 20th century, Academician Mikhail Ivanovich Budyko. In January 2020, we celebrate the hundredth anniversary of his birthday. Budyko had an exceptionally wide scientific horizon. Although he contributed to various scientific fields, the world knows him primarily as a founder of the theory of anthropogenic climate

Abstract This paper discusses the general characteristics of chemical analysis, its tasks, and requirements. The main requirement is the reliability of the results. Relations between the tasks of analysis and the means of their resolution are considered. Primary attention is paid to chemical analysis methods and the dynamics of their development: the concept of the significance of individual methods

Abstract This article analyzes the major trends in development of relations between Russia and China for the current period and the near-term future. The features of Russia–China partnership in the political-military sphere are presented as well as their interaction in different regions of the world, their bilateral trade, and economic, investment, and humanitarian cooperation. In addition, this article

Abstract Thermokarst elements of topography—alases—are widely spread in areas of permafrost rocks and are represented by depressions of various sizes and shapes on the surface of plains. It has been found that their formation is related to degradation of the ice complex and subsidence and subsequent redeposition of the surrounding rocks. Complex polycyclic soil-forming rocks consisting of layers of

Abstract This article attempts to analyze the evolution, current status, and possible prospects for the development of cooperation between Russian and Ukrainian scholars–historians in the context of today’s political realities. The material presented is based on communications made by the authors and their subsequent discussion at the Bureau of the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences

Abstract This article is dedicated to the replication policy of leading world journals on international relations. The opportunity to replicate (reproduce) research results presented in foreign periodicals is viewed as an important factor of publication ethics. The experience of leading world journals and the US research infrastructure in the sphere of international relations are analyzed. The special

Abstract Climate policy is becoming an important component of the global economic dynamics. The set of climate change control measures is wide but is predominantly reduced to an increased share of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs). For Russia, these measures are rational in terms of СО2 reduction; however, they lead to worsening of the macroeconomic indicators. The higher

Abstract Trends and characteristics of Russian–Chinese academic mobility are considered as a complex phenomenon, the impact of which goes far beyond the framework of bilateral relations in higher education. The prevailing target model of development of Russian–Chinese academic mobility, based on quantitative indicators, is shown as not accounting for the process specifics and not enough harmonized

Abstract The modern world with constantly emerging international contradictions and military conflicts attempts to react adequately to existing challenges. To this end, private military companies (PMCs) have become increasingly in demand by states, multinational corporations, and international organizations. Employees of these companies differ fundamentally from classical mercenaries: PMCs as corporate

Abstract This article analyzes the history of the development and dynamics of the structure and species composition of the principal target species of the national commercial fisheries in the Black Sea from the time of the demise of the Crimean Khanate in 1783 to the present day, as well as the structure of the Black Sea exploitable bioresources that had evolved throughout the geological history of

Abstract On June 18, 2019, a joint meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus took place. The meeting discussed the results of joint work in 2018, promising draft programs of the Union State, and plans for cooperation between the RAS and the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for the near future. Particular attention

Abstract Three model scenarios of changes in road infrastructure sustainability under permafrost thawing and degradation due to global climate change in nine Russian Arctic regions are considered. Until the current mid-century, economic assessment of the aftermath of climate change in these regions was physicogeographically based on six model climate assessments of cryogenic conditions, reflecting

Abstract The status and dynamics of religiosity in modern Russia are considered. The distinctive features of religious consciousness and behavior have been fixed proceeding from the system of indexes and empirical indicators developed. In the course of comparative representative studies, which have been accomplished in the metropolitan area over the last three decades on the basis of a single methodology

Abstract This report presents some new methodological opportunities that biophysics can offer for solving the fundamental problem of planetary ecology—deciphering the mechanism that maintains the equilibrium state of the biosphere. The Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, where the author of this report works, is developing two complementary directions in ecological

Abstract This paper is devoted to the life and professional activities of Academician A.A. Blagonravov (1894−1975) as an outstanding Soviet scientist and great promoter of science. He made an invaluable contribution to the development of the national school of automatic small arms and artillery weapons, the design of all-purpose industrial machines and mechanisms, advancement of machine science, and

Abstract This article relates the life and scientific achievements of Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin (1869–1942), a mathematician and mechanic, one of the founders of aerodynamics, an organizer of science and higher education, a talented teacher, the creator of the largest scientific school in the field of aerohydromechanics, one of the organizers of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI), who

Abstract This paper presents a brief history and some of the characteristics of the collections of the oldest archives formed by the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg over almost 300 years of history. Attention is focused on the main problems of the archives that arose after the reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2013; prospects for their solution are outlined.

Abstract An attempt is made to sum up the results of interdisciplinary studies; to generalize the main data found in archives of the United States, Estonia, France, Spain, Italy, and other countries; and to outline the prospects for studying the history and legacy of Russian America. This article does not lay claim to comprehensive and detailed analysis of sources on the specified topic; this goal

Abstract The quality of Russia’s surface waters is analyzed. The main problems of quality control are highlighted: drinking water at odds with specified standards, defects of the economic mechanism of quality control of natural waters, the obsolete and contradictory legislative and regulatory framework for water-body management, the low efficiency of supervision, and the weakness of the monitoring

Abstract This article considers the most important aspects of the development of the oil and gas complex of Russia. The exhausted paradigm of development of the country’s raw material base should be changed to prevent a drop in oil production in Russia. The sedimentary basins in the shelves of the Russian part of the Arctic Ocean, poorly studied provinces on land, and unique unconventional oil deposits

Abstract According to the data presented in this article, in modern Russia, the level of trust in the banking system is lower than in most countries of the world, and it has been falling in recent years due to the financial crisis and a number of other factors. Among the main reasons for the low trust of Russians in the banking system, the author considers both the shortcomings in the organization

Abstract The preservation of the archaeological heritage in Russia; the current state of this sphere; and the participation of the Russian Academy of Sciences and archaeology-related academic institutes in expert, scientific‒methodological, and practical activities associated with the preservation of antiquities are considered. Certain positive changes in this field are noted, such as an increase in

Abstract An outstanding scientist and organizer of science, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences S.R. Mikulinskii (1919–1991), who in the 1960–1980s determined the general line of development of the history of science and laid the foundations of the science of science, went through a life full of tragic events. His biography included years of study, participation in the Great Patriotic

Abstract On September 10, 2019, a meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences was held, at which the issue of scientific support for the advanced development of the Angara–Yenisei macroregion, including Krasnoyarsk krai, Irkutsk oblast, Tyva, and Khakassia, was discussed.

Abstract The ergot alkaloid 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine and its effect on lactation in rats were first described by E. Flückiger and H.R. Wagner in the journal Experientia (1968, no. 24). At first, this work did not attract much attention, but after isolating pure prolactin and establishing its physiological role, the high effectiveness of bromocriptine in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia soon became

Abstract This article presents the main biographical data on G.Yu. Vereshchagin—the founder of the Russian and Soviet Limnology—who organized complex scientific research of Lake Baikal, the deepest and oldest freshwater body on the planet. Vereshchagin’s development as an outstanding researcher of lakes is described. He started his activity on Lake Baikal as a participant, and then as the head of the

Abstract This article discusses the long period of formation of a new agroforestry paradigm, starting from the adoption in 1948 of a plan of forest protection afforestation until the present. The achievements of science of that time, put into practice, served as the basis for decisions on the global transformation of nature. Pilot objects of the early 20th century (Bogdinskii agroforestry reclamation

Abstract The results of a quantitative assessment of the lake fund of Asian Russia (AR), taking into consideration the irregularity of its territorial distribution, are presented. Some 3.2 million water bodies containing 25 175 km3 of water have been identified in AR on aerial photographs. More than half of these bodies are located in the Ural Federal District, while lakes of the Far East and Siberian

Abstract The accounting of scientific publications using scientometric indicators is analyzed in the context of evaluating the performance of the academic staff of Russian universities and associates of RAS research institutes and the way in which it is used by state and administrative structures. The evolution of the country’s attitude to scientometric indicators in recent decades is shown, the main