Abstract— The results on the informativeness of the widely known and easy-to-use Hirsch citation index are described briefly, and the advantages and disadvantages are noted. As an alternative, four new three-dimensional citation indices are presented: the M-index, the weighted M-index, the G-index of superhigh citation, and the weighted G-index. For ease of comparing the publication activity of scientists

Abstract— The possibility of identifying or creating a system of moral requirements that regulates the reaction of society to possible threats is discussed. First, an attempt is made to verify the ability of the basic normative programs of morality to form the basis for such a system. The author argues that the ethics of absolute prohibitions, the ethics of human rights, and the ethics of virtue are

Abstract— The relationship and interaction between natural science and sociohumanities knowledge and methods of studying global and regional climate changes and their socioeconomic consequences are analyzed. It is argued that the methodological and instrumental basis of the interaction above involve risk theory and modeling. The key results include a comprehensive assessment and forecast of climatic

Abstract— “Soviet life” is examined as an integral model of a prospective study of the social history of Russia/Soviet Union during the Soviet period. The need for methodological and substantive synthesis in the study of the phenomenon of the Soviet is due to both the tasks of developing historical knowledge and the challenges of post-Soviet nostalgia and the collective memory of the Soviet past. What

Abstract— The results of study of the acts and office work of the central government system of Russia in the 16th–17th centuries are presented. It is shown that, due to the large territory, multiethnicity, and polyconfessionalism of Russia, a strong centralized power is an inevitable factor of its existence. In turn, the 17th century was a time of choice and the last attempt to restore the symphony

Abstract— Questions concerning the criteria for assessing the material presented in the annals are considered. The main problems that have always faced researchers of the ancient Russian annals are analyzed: the reliability of the chronicle as a historical source (a review of the works of a number of researchers, including the recent book by A.P. Tolochko) and the search for the hidden meaning of the

Abstract— Obituaries and articles published in 1924, the year of V.I. Lenin’s death, by his contemporaries, who at different times were his partners and opponents in revolutionary activities, are analyzed. The selection of literature as an object of research was determined by the fact that a significant part of the authors knew Lenin personally and often belonged to critics of his views and actions

Abstract— The results of a scientometric analysis of publications of scientific chemical organizations for 2015–2019, presented in the Web of Science database, are given. Seven groups of scientific categories are considered in the analysis: chemistry, electrochemistry, green & sustainable science & technology, materials sciences, nanotechnology, polymers, and quantum calculations. For each group, the

Abstract— September 28, 2017, marked the 75th anniversary of the issuance of the Resolution of the State Defense Committee (SDC) On Uranium Mining, which laid the foundation for the Atomic Project, one of the most ambitious projects in the history of the Soviet Union. This article is dedicated to reconstruction of the factors that ensured its successful implementation. The completion of the project

Abstract— The collective work The Formation of a Welfare State and the Prospects of a Social State in Russia: Realities and Projects, prepared by the Center for the Study of Sociocultural Change (CSSCC) of the RAS Institute of Philosophy under the general editorship of RAS Corresponding Member N.I. Lapin, is discussed. The relevance of this work is emphasized. Theoretical innovations, including the

Abstract— The little-studied phenomenon of the combination of centralization and decentralization in the management of the Soviet economy during the Great Patriotic War is analyzed. Decentralization of management is considered as a mechanism to adjust contradictions between centralized planning and the expansion of producers’ independence. The problem is investigated using the example of the operational

Abstract— The Paris Agreement within the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change to keep global warming within 1.5–2°С has been effective since November 4, 2016, and will come into force in 2020. According to the calculations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, to achieve the above goal, it is necessary to reduce atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions by three times, to the level of 2019

Abstract— Human losses during the Great Patriotic War are assessed. To this end, on the basis of a significant corpus of historical and demographic sources (population censuses, data on the natural movement of the population, migration registration), the dynamics of the population of the RSFSR, its oblasts, krais, and autonomous republics is investigated. The authors attempt to present the most accurate

Abstract— Through the prism of the historical experience accumulated by mankind, the debatable problems of the essence and periodization of the Russian Civil War, as well as its general and special features, are examined in comparison with the civil wars in Europe, America, and Asia. Concepts existing in the domestic and foreign historiography are analyzed, and new assessments and definitions are proposed

Abstract A wide range of topics associated with the challenges of ensuring solid and lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula is considered. The issue of a peace treaty to replace the Armistice Agreement is the cornerstone in building a new nonconfrontational system of relations in Korea that will ensure the security of all parties involved and their equal cooperation. According to the authors, the implementation

Abstract The Borissiak Paleontological Institute of the RAS, created in 1930 with the goal of studying the diversity of extinct organisms that lived on the Earth millions and billions of years ago, has been successfully solving this task for nine decades, and in a number of areas it has been holding world scientific leadership for a long time. The current generation of researchers, who make up the

Abstract In this article the history of the Joint Russian‒Mongolian Paleontological Expedition (JRMPE) and its work and main results are described. The organization of the expedition (Soviet-Mongolian at that time) in 1969 was preceded by a hard and lengthy work to promote this idea in academic and state institutions. The joint expedition was planned as a complex one by both the tasks and the tactics

Abstract In the 2010s, it was impossible not only to increase but also to maintain at a previously achieved level one of the key indicators of technological development—Russia’s place by the number of patent applications filed in the world and its share in license payments for granting the right to use intellectual property results. In the course of studying the global dynamics of granted patents in

Abstract The practice of assigning geographical names to undersea features on the bottom of the World Ocean and standardization of terms and names at the national and international levels are discussed. The development of underwater research technology, an increase in the number of sea expeditions, and the implementation of international projects—all this contributes to new discoveries. As for the

Abstract The main aspects limiting the widespread development of nuclear energy—the consequences of possible severe accidents and the problem of radioactive waste management—are considered. It is shown that modern computational tools and digital technologies can successfully solve the problems of substantiating and ensuring the safety of nuclear facilities, including modeling the states and processes

Abstract The results of a bibliometric analysis of the evolution of domestic basic energy research compared to other countries for 2008–2017 are presented. The main sources of statistical information are the WoS information system and the analytical tools InCites and SciVal. The highest growth rate of scientific products in the world was found in the energy sector (Research Area “Energy & Fuels” (E&F))—3

Abstract Several environmental and economic indicators of anthropogenic impacts on Russia’s water resources are considered. These, in particular, are the ratio of water consumption to gross domestic product and gross regional product; specific indicators of water consumption in individual sectors of the economy; the ratio of volumes of water used to water resources, taking into account the environmental

Abstract Shifts in the global competition in the market of world-class universities (WCUs) are analyzed; the long-term restructuring of this market is considered in three geopolitical centers—the United States, Europe, and Asia—over the past 18 years of the 21st century. Nine of the most authoritative global university rankings were used as an information base. Calculations show that even though the

Abstract A wide range of issues related to the safety of nuclear energy was raised in the speeches of the participants in the RAS Presidium meeting on February 25, 2020. This is one of the main problems of the industry—the disposal of radioactive waste and the optimization of this process, promising technologies related to the closed fuel cycle, the development of atomic hydrogen energy, the radiological

Abstract The current relations between the United States and China, which are largely defined by the phrase trade war, are analyzed. The authors place an emphasis on the economic, political, and legal aspects of these relations and the direct and indirect consequences of the trade war for both its participants and the world community. Attention is focused on the first months of 2020, when, in particular

AbstractThe existing system of monitoring and assessing the performance of scientific organizations is analyzed, and the expediency of the transition from monitoring scientific organizations to monitoring the status of and trends in civil-purpose research, design, and technology is substantiated.

AbstractThe problems of transformation of Russia’s land ecosystems amid climate change and anthropogenic impacts were discussed at a meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences on December 10, 2019. Its participants recognized that the current condition of land ecosystems increases the environmental risks and economic consequences of such changes. At the same time, the discussion participants

AbstractThis article, based on a report at the meeting of the RAS Presidium on December 10, 2019, discusses the possibilities and problems of the development of the Russian circular forest bioeconomy, which is considered an effective response to modern global challenges. The concepts of the programs on science and technology, Ecological and Socioeconomic Threats of Forest Degradation in Russia under

AbstractProblems of the conservation and use of plant resources in the context of climate change and socioeconomic challenges are considered. Particular attention is paid to the conservation of crop wild relatives and traditional crop varieties as sources of genetic diversity, which had been lost by the modern gene pool of cultivated plants first in the process of domestication and then during the

AbstractIn connection with the 200th anniversary of the Moscow Society of Agriculture (MSA), the first agricultural society in our country, this article describes its activities over the years of its existence (1820–1930) in developing advanced agricultural theory and practice in Russia and their productive synthesis. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Moscow Society of Agriculture in

AbstractToday, changes in terrestrial ecosystems—forests, marshes, tundras, meadows, steppes—as a result of increasing anthropogenic pressures and climate warming, transform the evolutionary structure of Russia’s vegetation cover on a large scale, which increases environmental and economic risks. A comprehensive study of all the components and mechanisms of the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems

AbstractTwo ways of considering science—as a cultural phenomenon and as a sociocultural project—are analyzed through the prism of the sociophilosophical program of science development that was proposed by A.A. Bogdanov, a thinker and public figure. The premises of Bogdanov’s approach to the analysis of the stage of science development in his lifetime are revealed, making it possible to highlight the

AbstractThe problems that have accumulated in the Russian energy sector are systemic in nature and require serious scientific analysis. The transition of this country to a market economy was accompanied by a sharp drop in electricity consumption and the commissioning of new electricity generating capacities and, as a result, led to the degradation of domestic power engineering and the collapse of the

AbstractThe geological structure of the deep-sea part of the Arctic Ocean and its shelves is considered. Various models of the geological and tectonic history of the Arctic are proposed. Particular attention is paid to the structure of the Alpha‒Mendeleev Rise, which emerged with the formation of the volcanic continental passive margin. The history of the water mass, climate, and hydrocarbon potential

AbstractConceptual provisions on the assessment and prediction of radiation effects on biota are discussed. Interconnected components of radioecological assessments are identified with account for the redistribution of radionuclides in the environmental components and the associated levels of exposure in living organisms. An approach to solve problematic issues in developing migration and dosimetric

AbstractRecent changes in public consciousness have inevitably led to the greening of thinking in all spheres of human activity. The most illustrative reflection of this phenomenon is the growing interest in naturelike technologies, which are associated with the main hopes for the settlement of the global environmental crisis, generated by a long-term antagonistic confrontation between the technosphere

AbstractThe axiological foundations of modern constitutionalism are considered. The conclusion based on a study of world experience in constitutional development is made that there is a general trend to replenish the value catalog of constitutions, taking into account the historical experience accumulated by states and national priorities. The perception of national values in the constitutional evolution

AbstractThis paper discusses the scientific foundations of spatial planning for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), which has been intensively accumulated in Russia. It is noted that the chaotic, uncontrolled disposal of waste leads to contamination of atmospheric air, soil, rocks, and groundwater, the most important life-supporting resources of the biosphere, which causes a decrease in the

AbstractThe need to create councils on the priority directions of scientific and technological development as part of the implementation of the Strategy for the Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation following the example of the implementation of the Soviet national level nuclear project in which the cooperation of hundreds of scientific and production structures was important

AbstractIn recent decades, the interest of Russian society in historical science has grown immeasurably. The first reason for this increased interest is because in an era of global cataclysms people turn primarily to the past to find psychological support and thereby restore the connection of times. The second motivation is that, with the emergence of new states on the territory of the former Soviet

AbstractThe dynamics of the development of the Russian economy from 2013 to the first half of 2019 is considered. The potential of future economic growth until 2024 is estimated by an average annual GDP growth rate of 4%. The main drivers of growth are the population’s demand for durable goods, postponed due to lower incomes, as well as investments in fixed assets and human capital, the current level

AbstractRussia possesses enormous raw material resources sufficient to meet fully the internal demand for rare-metal, rare-scattered, and rare-earth elements. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, production of many metals from this group has ceased almost completely, while the demand for these metals is satisfied mainly by importing them. There is a vital need to accelerate recovery of

AbstractThe year 2019 was proclaimed by the UN and UNESCO as the International Year of the Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements; by its beginning, the seventh period of the Table was already filled with new, very heavy elements. According to theoretical predictions, isotopes of superheavy elements with increased stability form a large zone in the form of an island with a vertex located near the

AbstractTurning to the contribution of D.I. Mendeleev to Russian and world science, the author of this paper speaks about the history of the discovery of the famous Periodic Law of Chemical Elements and its significance for the development of chemistry and physics. The main idea of this paper is that, in his generalizations, Mendeleev rose to the level of formulating a law that has predictive power

AbstractThe results of a comprehensive sociological diagnostic analysis of the current state and dynamics of postreform Russian society and the social consequences of post-Soviet transformations, which began almost 30 years ago, are presented. The empirical basis of this paper is the data of numerous nationwide sociological studies, carried out by the Institute of Sociology, Federal Center of Theoretical

Abstract—According to the author of this paper, when forming a state’s economic and social policy, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the mentality of the population since, as studies show, values shared by people and their motivation and intelligence affect the socioeconomic achievements of countries. It is argued that the correspondence of social institutions to the national

AbstractThis report discusses the consequences of the unfolding and deepening crisis in relations between Russia and Western countries, in particular with the United States of America. The author characterizes this period as a Cold War 2.0. There are some similarities and some differences between the new Cold War and the initial stage of tensions between the two countries in the 20th century. The differences

AbstractThis paper analyzes positive and negative demographic trends of modern Russian society. Two main approaches to interpreting and evaluating these trends are presented. It is proved that the demographic potential of society remains sufficient to overcome depopulation, and the continuity of traditional family values is preserved. Despite the risks associated primarily with population decline and

AbstractUsing a multidisciplinary approach, this report analyzes the current transformation of the world-order architecture. It is noted that the speed and depth of this transformation is unprecedented for peacetime over the past 200 years. One of the most important indicators of turbulence is a certain deglobalization of the world economy. A study of the technological, social, economic, and political

AbstractA brief review of chemical elements, compounds from which find application in medicine, ranging from the commonly occurring organogenic elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus), composing the structure of proteins and nucleic acids of the cells of living organisms and determining the genetic transmission, to native rarely encountered organic fluorine compounds,

AbstractThis article is based on the report at the scientific session of the General Meeting of Members of the RAS on November 13, 2019, and analyzes the fundamental conflict between constitutionalism and democracy expressed in the distrust of constitutionalism in the rule of the people. The elitist nature of modern representative democratic government is shown to cast doubt on the values of democracy

AbstractThe author reflects upon the place of the Russian language in modern Russia, its distribution in the world, the importance of basic Russian studies for the development of science and Russian society, and the activity of the Russian Academy of Sciences in maintaining the stability of linguistic norms and the culture of Russian speech. On the one hand, scientific research in the field of the

AbstractThe problem of chemophobia is caused by an increasing chemical load on the environment on the one hand and an insufficient level of chemical literacy among the population on the other hand. This paper prepared from the materials of a report presented at the Scientific Session of the General Meeting of the RAS on November 14, 2019, presents the data of sociological studies providing insight

AbstractIssues are discussed related to Russia’s political and economic objective to become one of the five major economies of the world. It is shown that the continuation of the existing trends in GDP should permit Russia to rise in the coming years from the sixth position to the fifth among the world nations in terms of GDP yet remain in this position only until the end of the 2020s. The authors

AbstractHistory testifies to the following: successful, long-term civilization projects were carried out when it was possible to find a successful combination of three identity levels: a local level (an ethnic language community), a regional level (a group of related cultures and languages that have common roots), and a global level (humanity). The key role is played by the second level, which ensures

AbstractThe creation of a national scientometric database of scientific periodicals in Russia can solve the problem of identifying leading academic journals. The first step towards its formation was the development of Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). To make it clear whether the contradictions of its first version, released in 2015, were settled, this article analyzes the quantitative indicators

AbstractAstrophysical observations give scientists the most essential information about the processes and “rates of production” of elements in nature and their abundance in the Universe. The lightest elements of the Periodic Table—hydrogen, helium, and, partially, lithium—appeared in the first seconds after the birth of the Universe. The first stars “gathered” from them; they enriched the Universe

AbstractThe work is a continuation of the article published in the journal Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk (2019, No. 7) in which a review of tools for quantifying the effects of trade wars was given. This article presents the results of calculations of the consequences of several scenarios of the trade war of the United States and its European allies against Russia and China. These results were obtained

AbstractThe genesis of basic concepts such as literary monuments and composition of literature, which largely determine the formation of the repertoire of the Literary Monuments book series, is discussed. The interpretation of these elements, which are now, as before, taken into account by the editorial board of the series, goes back to the ideas of Academician Nikolai Konrad about the historicity

AbstractA special type of society is forming in the global North, the functioning and development of which are mostly determined by large-scale immigration. The integration of such societies, which include mass and diverse cohorts with a migrant background, has become a vital task requiring new governance approaches. The potential to mitigate social differences and bring people of different origins