Building extraction from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction requires accurately classified LiDAR points. In recent years, approaches developed for the classification mostly based on gridded LiDAR data. In the gridding process of LiDAR data, there is a characteristic point loss which results in reduced height accuracy. The effect of such loss can be eliminated

Born from a desire to promote the landscape by integrating its origins and physical aesthetics with its naturalistic, cultural, and artistic heritage, we develop narratives about three locations in central Italy, telling them in the language of popular science, supported by the language of art. The different disciplines of science, poetry, and ancient music are applied to the same sites, producing

Tight volcanic reservoirs can have porosities of 2–8%, and the pore space primarily consists of nanoscale pores. Thin section observations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA) were used to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the nanoscale pore size distribution (PSD). The MIP results show that the nanoscale

Lakes are crucial elements of the Earth’s hydrological cycle and play an important role in the regulation of the Earth’s material exchange and energy transfer. The expansion or contraction of lakes has an important influence on water use in agricultural and biogeochemical activities. It is of great significance to establish a long time series dataset of changes in the lake area, water level, and lake

Change of land surface temperatures (LSTs) is indicative of underground coal fires (UCFs). The limitation of commonly used methods for UCF detection is that spatial pattern of LSTs is not taken into account. This study aims to identify spatial pattern of LSTs retrieved from remotely sensed data and its relation to UCFs. LSTs were firstly retrieved from the Landsat-8 TIRS data using the radiative transfer

As the reservoir pressure declines, production decreases and there is no way just using artificial lift methods such as the gas lift to make the production economical. Gas lift optimal control is one of the dominant problems in gas lift operation. There are various methods for this purpose in literature, but all of them use a primary control method with a simple and inaccurate simulation model which

Hydraulic pressure is one of the important factors influencing the stability of well rock. In this paper, the sleeve typed shale rock specimens were used to laboratory simulate the long-term stability of shale rock wellbore under hydro-mechanical coupled condition. Based on the analysis of triaxial tests data, the strength characteristic of the saturated shale specimens was first studied. The results

This study investigates the response of leachate percolation in sand-bentonite and zeolite-bentonite mixtures for use of a liner. For this purpose, leachate sample was collected from Manisa Uzunburun landfill site, and flexible wall hydraulic conductivity tests were performed on these binary mixtures. During the study, the characterization of the leachate was done, pH and electrical conductivity values

The wind environment is an important factor affecting the comfort of the outdoor environment in high-rise residential communities. The numerical simulation of ventilation situation in the outdoor environment could provide scientific bases for the design of various elements in a community, including space layout, roads, activity spaces, water system, and plants. Taking the Changqingteng community, Xinxiang

With the rapid development of computer network, it has been successfully applied in marine communication, which brings convenience to information exchange. In recent years, people put forward higher requirements for the safety, efficiency, and stability of the marine communication network (MCN), so that the rapid detection and location of the MCN fault is of great significance, and the fault identification

Cartographic generalization is the process of small-scale map production from large-scale maps. When the size of the map is reduced, the objects present in the latter can conflict with each other. There may be overlapping of objects, coalesced roads, or imperceptibility problems. Generalization solves these problems through algorithms. However, the generalization is not yet automated due to the lack

In this study, attenuation relationships are proposed to more accurately predict ground motions in the southernmost part of the Arabian Shield in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia. A data set composed of 72 earthquakes, with normal to strike-slip focal mechanisms over a local magnitude range of 2.0–5.1 and a distance range of 5–200 km, was used to investigate the predictive attenuation relationship

Drought is a natural phenomenon that affects ecological processes, land productivity, and human life. The phenomenon is slow to settle down and its impacts are not instantaneous, requiring an early monitoring of their signs of appearance. In order to track the effect drought on the land surface dynamics by means of surface albedo changes, we intend to exploit the VIS-channel reference image from the

The cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation in the cereal crops like wheat and rice are a serious concern in recent years. Application of various organic amendments in Cd-contaminated soil is an effective technique in management of crop growth and health as organic amendments not only promote plant’s growth but also check Cd translocation in plants. For this purpose, 3 organic amendments (wheat straw

The mechanical behavior of the lateral pressure coefficient (LPC) of the axial stress of the anchor rod is an important factor in roadway bolt support, especially in deep mining, where the variation of the LPC is larger. In this paper, an innovative mechanical model of bolt pulling is proposed in which the influence of the LPC is considered. When the LPC is changed, the variation of the axial force

The late Neoproterozoic Hazara Formation along the Lora Maqsood Road near Haripur, Lesser Himalayas, North Pakistan, is studied for sedimentology, petrography, and major and trace element analysis to determine the paleoenvironment, provenance, paleoweathring intensity, and tectonic settings. The Hazara Formation is characterized by greywacke sandstone, siltstone, shale, argillite, claystone, limestone

In recent years, sedimentation dredging has received extensive attention as an effective way to extend the life of reservoirs and to address the global shortage of sediment resources. Thus, sediment deposition analysis can inform reservoir sedimentation dredging. Based on a series of field data for 10 fixed sections observed over 6 years and two topographic observations in the Lushui Reservoir, Hubei

Land use/land cover in coastal regions of large cities is affected due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Chennai, a coastal city of Tamil Nadu, India, has witnessed tremendous changes in land use/land cover over the past two decades. Post-classification correlation change detection method was used to identify the changes over the decade. To ensure image classification and precise land use

Urban growth, a dynamic and demographic phenomenon, refers to the increased spatial value of urban areas, such as cities and towns, due to social and economic forces. Nowadays, urban lands are rapidly increasing, replacing non-urban lands such as agricultural, forest, water, rural, and open lands. In this study, a CA-Markov model was utilized to predict the growth of urban lands and their spatial trends

Potentially toxic element (PTE) distribution in 21 soil samples, 07 stream sediment samples and wheat near an abandoned mining site in the region of Lakhouat (northwestern Tunisia), sampled during dry season was investigated. The main objective was to characterize the environmental impacts of the former Pb-Zn extractive activity in the region. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of high PTE concentrations

The frequency, duration, and severity of droughts have increased substantially in recent decades, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Understanding the responses of Rainfall Use Efficiency (RUE) to drought in different ecosystems and climatic zones is not well understood. In this study, spatiotemporal patterns of RUE and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were investigated in

Understanding the effects of aerosol on the regional climate change and environment requires long-term and high-resolution aerosol optical properties. An indirect method is employed to acquire aerosol optical depths (AODs) based on the atmospheric horizontal visibility and vapor pressure at 62 stations in South Central Hebei Plain (SCHP) from 1975 to 2016. Mann–Kendall tests are also applied to investigate

The active tectonics of the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) may affect the newly established NEOM megacity in northwestern Saudi Arabia. Using seismological and potential field data, this study aimed to evaluate the major tectonic trends around NEOM area and their hazard impacts on the NEOM area. In particular, aeromagnetic and gravity data were used to explore the major tectonic trends that may affect this

Tensile strength is one of the most important mechanical parameters controlling the development of cracks in loess plateau. The unconfined penetration test (UPT) is often used as an index for prediction of soil tensile strength properties. However, suffering the influence of the experiment condition, its uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to various experiment parameters was still unknown. Therefore

The Djilouet complex forms a cupola made up of leucocratic granites associated with Sn-W mineralization. It could represent the Hoggar’s easternmost rare metal granite (RMG) comparatively to those of the Taourirt province in the central Hoggar. It is located in the Djanet terrane, 12 km NE of the town of the same name in the far east of the Tuareg shield in Algeria. The Djanet terrane is made of a

Determining lateral boundaries of the potential field source is a common feature in interpreting magnetic and gravity data. There are many different phase based filters to determine the boundaries of the source. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of phase-based filters such as tilt derivative, theta map, normalized horizontal derivative, tilt derivative of the horizontal derivative

An investigation on the Kerwa reservoir water located in central parts of India (Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) has been carried out to assess the hydrochemical variations in different seasons and possible influencing factors. Temporal chemical variations in reservoir water were evaluated for all the three seasons by analyzing two hundred forty surface water samples from ten different sites along the reservoir

During the last few decades, the frequency of drought has significantly increased in Morocco especially for arid and semi-arid regions, leading to a rising of several environmental and economic issues. In this work, we analyse the spatial and temporal relationship between vegetation activity and drought severity at different moments of the year, across an arid area in the western Haouz plain in Morocco

Climate change can adversely affect the elements of water balance in river basins. This paper studies the effects of climate change on hydro-climatological components of the Gomti River basin using SWAT hydrological model. Model performance has been evaluated through sensitivity analysis, calibration, and validation. During calibration and validation time period, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE)

Rainfall events on hill slopes can cause both soil erosion and slope failures. With global climate change, the frequency of these events is increasing with greater consequences. Rainfall-induced erosion need to be studied in an integrated way to understand hill slope sediment yields. Among different methods for controlling erosion and slope stabilization, vegetation is widely used nowadays all over

This study is an attempt to analyse the spatial distribution of traffic noise levels in the city of Delhi through the creation of noise maps with the help of GIS. Field measurements were conducted at 10 locations consisting of different land-use patterns. It was observed that the measured ambient noise levels at all the locations were violating the prescribed limits as prescribed by CPCB. Noise levels

There are various methods to estimate the curve number (CN) for flood studies. In the ungauged basins, hydrologists rely on the use of an NRCS-CN table called (CNdesign). The CNdesign, in this study, is estimated using remote sensing techniques and geographical information systems based on alluvium-rock-vegetation classification of natural basins. However, in gauged basins, it is common to use rainfall-runoff

Post-fire erosion is a main concern to society because it has inflicted serious damages in managed ecosystems. In this study, the impacts of fire and time after fire events on soil erosion (as predicted using 137Cs technique) and on some soil chemical and physical properties were investigated in steep rangelands of western Iran. Three sites in rangelands with similar slope gradients and parent materials

Coastal aquifers world-wide are being confronted with several major challenges, such as overextraction of groundwater, climate change impacts, contamination by wastewater, and saltwater intrusion into water resources. Climate change induced alteration of the hydrological cycle is one of the main threats to future accessibility of water resources. Effective prediction of possible impacts of climate

The impact of land use/land cover (LULC) change on the stream flow of the Shaya catchment was assessed by employing the MIKE SHE hydrological model. The digital elevation model, soil, LULC, climate, and stream flow data were used as model inputs. The LULC was analyzed from different years of satellite imageries using ERDAS IMAGINE software package and its accuracy was verified following the standard

Rate of penetration (ROP) is a critical parameter affecting the total cost of drilling an oil well. This study introduces an empirical equation developed based on the optimized artificial neural networks (ANNs) for estimation of the rate of penetration (ROP) in real-time while horizontally drilling natural gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs based on the surface measurable drilling parameters of the mud

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has many geothermal resources along the Red Sea coast, volcanoes, and hot springs. Geoscience researchers within Saudi Arabia were looking for this type of energy five decades ago or even more, but studies are still in academic shelves and no economic geothermal project. The economic vision of Saudi Arabia attempts to use this type of energy for new projects. In the current

In fly ash–contaminated soils, metal buildup and translocation and their subsequent uptake in different parts of naturally growing plants were studied. The mean metal levels in soil and plants at uncontaminated site were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than the contaminated site. In polluted soils, metal enrichment factor (EF) was observed in order of Cd > Fe> Cr > Zn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Mn. The shoot

Villages in rural areas are regional complexes with multiple characteristics and functions. Rural tourism has become an important driver in the revitalization of rural China. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China approved the first group of 320 National Key Villages for Rural Tourism (NKVRT) in 2019. This paper takes these first 320 NKVRT as the research object, using GIS as a tool to analyze

Evaluation of soil loss tolerance and of erosion risk is vital to sustain agricultural productivity and to manage natural resources. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate soil erosion risk of the Dorudzan watershed in Southwest Iran by using the RUSLE model coupled with RS-GIS. The soil erosion risk was compared with the measured soil loss tolerance (T value). To derive the RUSLE factors,

Soils subjected to the loading or unloading in geotechnical engineering applications like foundation excavation, embankment, and tunnel construction will reconsolidate under different stress paths. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the effect of stress path on shear strength characteristic of reconstituted Zhenjiang clay. Specimens were isotropically or anisotropically consolidated

This paper presents the interpretation of ground motions and comparison of site response analysis due to the 2007 Bengkulu–Mentawai earthquakes in Mukomuko regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Mukomuko regency was reported as the most impacted area during the earthquakes. The recorded ground motions of the Bengkulu–Mentawai earthquakes were analysed to obtain the interpretation of ground motions

Hydrochar is a carbon-rich material produced by the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass. As a new concept, hydrochar has generated much research interest due to its ability to employ wet and dry biomass as feedstocks and its application in the agronomical, environmental, and energy sectors. This review considers the developments made with hydrochar as a soil amendment in terms of soil fertility

The high magnitude of in situ geostress under deep underground conditions and the intermediate principal stress under complex stress conditions have a significant influence on the static or dynamic mechanical behavior and strength characteristics of intact rock material. The constitutive relationship for quasi-brittle materials (e.g., intact rock or concrete) subjected to large strains, high strain

Land desertification develops in a gradual manner and can bring about great natural and social disasters. As an important measure that can benefit the nation, desertification restoration can greatly benefit the whole nation and is the key to the restoration of the ecological environment and sustainable development. Based on citation overview theory and literature visualization tool, this research adopts

To study the impact strength characteristics of granite under combined dynamic and static loading, an experimental loading system based on the split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was developed. Impact loading at different strain rates was performed to study the stress and strain characteristics of granite at different confining pressures. From this, the impact strength characteristics under one-dimensional

Worldwide consumption of cement must be reduced because of the serious pollution created from its manufacturing process. This study aims to solve this problem and assess efficiency of quarry dust of volcanic pumice as partial alternative to ordinary Portland cement. Investigations on the area of utilization of by-products from pumice industry with different granule sizes are still lacking. Thus, volcanic

In order to achieve the goal of mutual coordination between the urban construction and sustainable development of geological and ecological environment, the evaluation method and planning strategy for urban geological and ecological environment quality are proposed. In this study, taking the urban planning of Wansheng Economic Development Zone in Chongqing as an example, the status of geological and

Precipitation regimes that change with global warming and climate changes affect the countries in environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The Marmara region is an important region located in the northwest of Turkey. The impact of economic, environmental, and social dimensions in the region is high. For this reason, the Marmara region is in a situation that can be affected more by climate change

Understanding the estimation of sensible heat flux on heterogeneous underlying surface of farmland is of great environmental importance for alleviating ecological pollution and adapting agricultural water management. Data measurements were conducted to evaluate the difference of sensible heat flux under large aperture scintillometer (H-las) and eddy covariance (H-ec) under various underlying surfaces

This paper aims to address the coal seam floor behavior after mining with CPB method. Firstly, the numerical model by using Midas/GTS-Flac3d method is developed on the basis of 2353 working face, Daizhuang Coal Mine; then, the slip line field theory of plastic mechanics is applied to calculate the floor damage depth. Furthermore, field observation is carried out by using water injection method. The

In order to discover formation causes of short-chain steranes in coal-measure source rock of the research area, 62 samples of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sichuan Basin were selected for various geochemical experimental analyses. The results show that there are abnormally low pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) and high abundance C21+ long-chain isoprenoid alkanes and dinosteranes in both humic coal and coal-measure

Fluoride in groundwater has been found to pose a severe public health threat in two villages (Karataş and Sarım) of western Sanliurfa in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey, where many cases of fluorosis, which detrimentally affects the teeth and bones, have been reported. Analysis of fluoride in drinking water is usually accomplished using various chemical methods, but while these techniques

Land cover assessment and monitoring are essential for sustainable management of natural resources and environmental protection. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) for land cover classification has become an area of interest due to its superiority over the pixel-based classification method. The main objective of this paper is developing a method for land cover classification on the national and sub-national

A study was conducted to identify the water quality status of Kelantan River Basin, Peninsular Malaysia, covering five sub-catchments (Nenggiri, Galas, Lebir, Pergau, and Kelantan downstream (DS)) during the dry and rainy seasons. Water samples were collected from 27 sampling stations along the Kelantan River at the years 2017 and 2018. The data consists of temperature, pH, total suspended solid (TSS)

Wind energy originates from atmospheric motion and has great randomness and intermittence. Wind speed prediction is the basis of wind power prediction in wind farms, and its accuracy is of great significance. For complex terrain conditions, the wind speed prediction has always been the difficulty and focus of research in various countries. Hence, in this paper, SRTM3 DEM high-precision terrain data

The most widely used method of flushing of reservoirs is to remove the deposited sediment through the bottom outlets. The size and shape of gates affect the outflow volume of water, the volume of removed sediments, and flushing efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the area, number and shape of the bottom outlet gates on the velocity, concentration, and volume of the

The Zhob ophiolite is divided into Ali Khanzai, Omzha, and Naweoba blocks. The ophiolite geology comprises various lithological units including basalt–chert and hyaloclastite mudstone units. The basalt–chert and hyaloclastite mudstone units consist of thick lava and pelagic sediments. On the basis of petrology and geochemistry, the lavas of basalt–chert unit can be divided into tholeiitic basalt, trachybasalt

A detailed hydrogeological investigation is combined with electrical resistivity imaging using the Schlumberger depth sounding method in Garaat Sened, west-central Tunisia, to elucidate the hydrogeology and the hydrodynamics of this area with emphasis on their main controlling factors. Two types of aquifers with good reservoir qualities have been highlighted; however, their natural recharge is remarkably

Spectral acceleration is representative of seismic hazard in modern building codes as well as an important parameter used in seismic design these days. Karachi, an economic artery of Pakistan, is located in the vicinity of an active tectonic setting, i.e., triple junction, with uncertain seismicity. Keeping in view the modern seismic design practices, efforts are required to evaluate the seismic hazard