Issaran oil field is a major heavy oil field in the Western shoreline of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt, which is facing challenges in field development and operations. Therefore, it is under development for many years to identify the required parameters to improve the quality of the produced oil. Identifying the source of groundwater mixing with heavy oil during the production process is a prerequisite.

Aeromagnetic methods are primarily used for regional geological mapping and in the exploration of natural resources such as oil and gas, minerals, and groundwater. They are also extremely useful in research studies on the internal structure and evolution of the earth, plate tectonics, and earthquakes. Such studies require the potential field aeromagnetic data to be digitally accessible. Aeromagnetic

As shale gas development heats up, so does research into the rock nature of shale. In order to explore the mechanical properties of shale under certain temperature conditions, it provides some reference for shale gas development. Using a 50-mm-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), dynamic compression tests were carried out on shale specimens at a range of temperatures between 20 and 220 °C

The Um Tawat Late Precambrian immature molasse-type Hammamat sedimentary rocks, located in the Northern part of the Eastern Desert of Egypt, were deposited at the late stage evolution of the Pan-African Orogeny. The Um Tawat molasse sediments are mainly derived from Dokhan volcanics and rest unconformably on these volcanics. They are intruded by the younger granites of Sala’at El-Belih granites and

More recent works implied that biochar enhanced P availability in variable charge soils. However, the involved mechanisms have not been clearly defined. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of peanut and rice straw biochars on improving P availability (Olsen-P) in an Oxisol and an Ultisol. Incubation experiments, with different amendments including peanut straw biochar (PC), rice straw biochar

Selection of optimal model inputs is a challenging issue particularly for non-linear and dynamic systems. In this study, a new input selection method, procrustes analysis (PA), was implemented and compared with gamma test (GT) for estimating daily global solar radiation (Rs). The PA and GT were applied for modeling with the non-linear models of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines

In order to assess the quality of the coastal marine environments, quantitative analysis of benthic foraminifera is used. Twenty-six sediment samples were collected from the coastal area of the Dammam Al-Jubail coast (97 km long), Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Different parameters were calculated such as the total foraminiferal number, dead/living percentage of foraminifera, and species diversity. Three

Clear-cutting of Oak forests and intensive cultivation on the hilly regions of the Zagros Mountains has led to plausible threats on the natural ecosystem and catastrophic floods in western Iran. This study was conducted to explore the effects of clear-cutting of natural forests in different slope positions on some soil chemical and physical properties as well as quantification of soil redistribution

Cocopeat is a cheap and easily available organic product. In this study, kinetics of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] stabilization by cocopeat in three soils with different pH and organic carbon content, and the effects of influencing factors including ionic strength (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 M KCl), temperature (10, 25 and 35 °C) and pH (5.2, 6.2 and 7.2) were investigated in a set of batch experiments by varying

The borehole method is quite commonly utilized in underground excavation engineering, such as for mining and tunneling, to release high pressure in brittle rock materials for safety control. In this paper, with the purpose of better understanding the failure behavior of brittle rock material with en echelon boreholes, a series of uniaxial compression tests were carried out on sandstone samples in the

This study focuses on the vibration effects of both metro (subway) tunnel construction and metro-operating traffic on existing buildings. To that end, a four-story reinforced concrete building located between two metro tunnels of Üsküdar–Ümraniye–Çekmeköy Metro Project (UUCMP) was monitored both during the tunneling stages of construction and after the metro traffic started. Acceleration records were

Morphometric analysis has evolved as an important tool for basin management and to study the process performing in the basin. The trio of remote sensing, GIS, and morphometric analysis gives the best possible results in investigating, supervising, and understanding the basin. The present study comprises a detailed study of morphometric parameters in a badland affected sub-watershed of the Mandakini

To eliminate the problems like brittle material characteristics, low crack resistivity, low tensile strength values, late curing time and rebound problems of shotcrete liners, high density polyurethane rigid foams (PRF) were investigated as an alternative liner support material in this experimental and numerical study. Its rapid polymerization makes the PRF liners be able to supply support pressure

The disparate temporal and local distribution of freshwater and the rapid growth of the population in recent decades have led to problems in providing water resources for various applications. Hence, the supply of water in many countries such as Iran has become one of the most important challenges of the present century. Modern mathematical models have been developed for studying the complex hydrological

The Algerian coastal zone is under high pressure occurring from natural origin (seismic and tsunamis risks, erosion/accretion, salt water intrusion, etc.) and from human sources (pollution, loss of biodiversity, economic value, etc.). The lack of data, particularly time series over natural coastal process, is an impediment for decision making. In many cases, the implemented coastal protection measures

Previous studies have shown that the existing maritime network presents unbalanced characteristics as reported by Mou et al. (Sustainability, 10(4): 977–989, 2018). The research in this paper shows that the network movement caused by the opening of the Arctic Northeast Passage will share part of the pressure of the Belt and Road passage, which will play a positive role in the global maritime transportation

Flood is one of the important destructive natural disasters in the world. Therefore, preparing flood susceptibility map is necessary for flood management and mitigation in a region. This research was planned to compare the performance of frequency ratio (FR), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and random forest (RF) models for flood susceptibility mapping (FSM) in the Gilan Province, Iran

Radionuclide species comprising the primordial radioactive decay chains lead by 232Th and 238U, along with their associated daughter and granddaughter decay series, constitute a major fraction of the naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). Gamma-ray radiation emitted by the decay of these NORMs, along with the 40K in the soil, is mainly responsible for the human exposure to external gamma-rays

To understand the fracture coalescence in specimens containing oval flaws, PFC2D was used to investigate the sandstone containing two oval flaws with different ligament angles under uniaxial compression. The micro-parameters were first confirmed by intact sandstone, and then, these were adopted to simulate the flawed specimen under uniaxial compression. Numerical results show that the peak strength

The tunnel in jointed rock masses is prone to be overbroken and then gives rise to collapse, yet the failure modes of jointed rock masses are still poorly understood. This paper investigates anisotropic deformations and failure modes of tunnels in jointed rock masses. For this purpose, five series of numerical models are modeled for a severe tunnel overbreak occurring on the Panlongshan tunnel. The

The Atalla Shear Zone (ASZ) is one of the crucial megashears which are geometrically and kinematically akin to the Najd-Shear Corridor in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The Landsat-8 and ASTER-based mapping techniques integrated with extensive petrographic and structural-field investigations enhanced the geological and structural maps of the study area. The Neoproterozoic basement complex in

Granitic pegmatites of Wadi Al-Baroud area in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt have appreciated amounts of radioactive (U, Th) and rare metal- (Nb, Ta, Y, Zr, Hf, and rare earth elements—REEs) bearing minerals. A combination of both geochemical and physical methods has been used for investigation of Wadi Al-Baroud granitic pegmatites. The identification, imaging, and chemistry of rare metal-bearing

The study was carried out with the aim of predicting uncertainty using Sequential Indicator Simulation (SISIM) for lithofacies modelling, sequential Gaussian simulation (SGSIM) for reservoir property modelling and inferring the depositional environment using Flow Zone Indicator (FZI). Five well logs, core analysis data and 3D seismic data were used for the study. Reservoir sand named “Reservoir-E”

The quality of water and sediment in the Batllava Lake were determined using the inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES), fractionation method, and pollution indicators. The quality of the water has complied with the Council Directive (98/83 EC) and Kosovo Administrative Instruction (AI No.16/2012), except for Al and Fe. The total metals in the sediment Ba, Ni, and V exceeded

Red clay is the main geometrical as the foundation of buildings, dam, and excavation which are usually designed and constructed without concern of its structure with depth, leading to a design which is not reasonable and a massive waste of resources. The research reports investigations carried out on red clay to study its compressibility, strength and stress path, and their variation with depth. The

Six series of solute transport experiments were conducted with an objective to compare scale decency of fractional dispersion coefficient (Df) in space fractional advection–dispersion equation (s-FADE) with that of dispersion coefficient (D) in advection–dispersion equation (ADE) at three flow rates. The experiments were performed in a 2.5 m × 0.1 m × 0.6 m (length × width × height) sandbox filled

Grain-size sorting of buried formation in openholes only comes from the particle size analysis of drilled cores. However, cores impossibly cover the whole formation, and the sorting of uncored interval is absent. With ultrahigh-resolution, borehole electrical image contains particular geological attributes, such as grain-sizes, sedimentary structures, and facies. In this paper, a sorting evaluation

To analyze the strain-based non-Darcy permeability properties in crushed rock accompanying mass loss, a self-designed seepage testing system for crushed rock accompanying mass loss is adopted. Based on the collected lost mass and time series of seepage velocity and the pressure gradient, permeability parameters and strain are obtained. Time-dependent characteristics of permeability parameters and strain

In the purview of groundwater pollution, a rational exploitation, utilization, protection, and risk assessment of groundwater has become an important means of groundwater management and pollution prevention. Xiashan Economic Zone of Weifang City which is located in the central region of the Shandong Peninsula, China, has been chosen to investigate the risk assessment of pollution by heavy metals (Pb

By constructing a coupling analysis numerical model of a Darcy-Forchheimer flow in aquifers, fault zones, and fracture zones after fault water inrush, the variations in porosity, permeability, and volumetric strain under fluid-solid coupling during coal seam mining were studied. The mechanism of fault water inrush was obtained. Grouting was carried out on the aquifer, fault fracture zone, and fracture

Dead Sea salt, a benign chemical material vastly available in Jordan, could be used to improve the characteristics of expansive subgrade soil and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions resulting from traditional stabilizers such as cement. To achieve this purpose, expansive clayey soil obtained from Al-Azraq Basin in the eastern part of Jordan was treated by mixing it with a Dead Sea salt solution. Results

Protecting the ecological environment is an important goal of the world sustainable development. Rapid and quantitative evaluation of regional ecological environment is the technical support and necessary condition for this goal. The ecological environment index model (RSEI) which used to assess ecological environment is the most popular now. But it changed into two completely opposite models in the

The hydro-mechanical coupling often leads to both mechanical properties and stability deterioration during excavation of water-rich tunnel rock mass. Deformation and mechanical, fracture, and strain energy characteristics of limestone from Maixi tunnel in Guiyang (China) are investigated by hydro-mechanical coupling tests in this paper. Results show that the water pressure has a significant influence

In order to explore the factors impacting on the roughness of natural rock joints, a new roughness parameter AHD (the average equivalent height difference) is proposed based on study of joint surface by using the 3D laser scanning technology. The new parameter AHD cannot only reflect the roughness anisotropy of joint surface, but the sampling interval effect and the size effect on roughness. To quantitatively

Karstic spring waters of the coastal area of Bejaia represent important sources of drinking water. The present study covers the identification of the geochemical processes responsible of the mineralization of spring waters and their characterization. Forty-two water samples were collected from six important springs within the study area then analyzed according to major ions. In addition to traditional

The Dongbielieke Fault, an active fault that originated during the Holocene, is located at a key position in the West Junggar orogenic belt. The total length of NE-striking the fault is 120 km. Since the Late Quaternary, continuous activity on the Dongbielieke Fault has caused clear left-lateral dislocations at all morphological units along it, and a continuous linear steep ridge has formed on the

This paper compares the behavior of four geogrid reinforced soil walls with modular facing under cyclic strip footing loading. Four types of reinforcement schemes were used in the laboratory tests on 150 cm × 100 cm × 126.5 cm (length × width × height) walls. Strip plate was used to simulate the foundations for bridges. The settlement of the footing, deflection of the wall facing, lateral and vertical

Rock-like replicas with different dip-angle flaws were tested in an apparatus with axial loading and lateral restraint to study the stress-strain characteristics of high-porosity rock with a single flaw. The results showed that a coefficient of the lateral stress could be calculated using a coefficient of the lateral frictional resistance and frictional coefficient. It was determined that the lateral

This paper presents an intensive series of laboratory testing results from vane shear and fall cone tests that were conducted on various clay–sand mixtures to understand the link between these methods which are often used for determining the undrained shear strength (su). Three different gradations (2.0–1.0 mm, 1.0–0.6 mm, and 0.6–0.3 mm) of rounded and angular sands were mixed with low-plasticity

In this study, we analyze experimentally the immiscible displacement of an oil phase from a porous medium. A 2D pore network etched in resin was considered as a random porous medium. This micromodel is made with a transparent material to allow direct visualization of the drainage process. In all experiments, the porous model is initially saturated with an oil-phase, which is displaced by an air phase

Consistency limits and soil plasticity are the basic parameters that represent the physical properties of fine-grained soils and provide important information about their engineering properties, such as the compressibility and shear strength. These parameters are the standard input for all soil investigation programs, so their correct definition and usage in the design have great importance. The liquid

In order to study the failure mechanism of fractured rock mass under different loading and unloading conditions, marble was used as the test material, which contained 45° double pre-existing cracks. The main processes, which initiation, propagation, coalescence of the cracks, were recorded by a high speed camera. To analyze the crack modes, it could be seen that shear stress played a main effect on

Understanding the response of plant communities to litter removal or addition plays an important role in the sustainable management of rangelands. In this study, we investigated the effect of different litter removal and addition treatments on the annual forage production and on soil carbon and nitrogen contents of four rangeland communities in arid to semiarid areas of Iran. The results showed that

Climate change is a global challenge having a significant potential to alter crop yields worldwide. Thus, the determination of crop yield is important in the prospect of food security for agro-economic regions like Pakistan especially in the upcoming decades. Therefore, the focus of this research was to investigate the historical and projected spatial and temporal changes in climatic parameters, and

The excavation of the rock mass will have a great influence on the characteristics of the caverns under extremely bad geological conditions. According to the characteristics of the engineering geology, several groups of the caverns are designed to be excavated in the rock mass with three sets of through joints. Based on the summary of the failure mechanism and the failure pattern, the classification

The sandstone fissure aquifer of the Permian main mining coal seam is the direct water-filled aquifer of the coal mine in northern Anhui Province, China. Hydro-chemistry is important for solving the issue related to water disasters of coal mines, as it can be used for the determination of source of inrush water, and understanding the water-rock interaction process. In this paper, major ion concentrations

A rock burst often occurs during the construction period of deep-buried underground caverns. How to predict and prevent it is an urgent problem in underground engineering, especially in large hydropower stations. Combining grey correlation method, principal component analysis (PCA) and cloud theory, a novel analysis method that is proposed to evaluate rock burst. First, seven indices, namely, Rc, Rc/σ1

The gob-side entry retaining (GER) technique enables pillarless coal mining by using roadside backfilling body (RBB). Due to the advantages of fast curing and high bearing capability after a large post-peak deformation, high-water material is commonly used to construct the RBB. The post-peak properties of the high-water material sample and the concrete sample were compared through uniaxial compression

Acid mine drainage is an important environmental hazard due to its serious chemical contamination to the surface and groundwater resources. To provide enough and representative data for developing restoration techniques, this time-dependent geochemical process should be investigated based on kinetic principles. Thus, the kinetic column test generally utilized in the earlier studies without any accepted

Determination of the groundwater potential (GWP) and groundwater pollution risk (GWPR) areas is a very important tool in the semi-arid regions in the world. Like many countries in the world, most of the major settlements in the cities of Turkey are located in permeable alluvial plains. Therefore, significant groundwater pollution is encountered in an alluvial plain containing settlements and industrial

Most previous studies focused on the performance of bedding rock slope under strong earthquakes, where limited publications involved bedding rock slope under microseisms. Present literatures often ignored the effect of rock joint surface shapes on slope stability and just simplified it as a planar surface, which is always not practical. In this study, shaking table test was carried out to study the

This paper studies the dynamic mechanical characteristics of siliceous sandstone (SS) after elevated temperature treatment and discusses the damage mechanism of structure thermal stress on rock. Firstly, the dynamic compression tests of SS under room temperature (25 °C) and different high temperatures (200, 400, 600, and 800 °C) were carried out using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The rock

In order to detect the influence of fluorine-enriched water on surface soil (< 20 cm) fluoride levels, the groundwater and surface soil samples in Buzhuang Town, a typical drinking water fluorosis area, were sampled for the units of villages. The fluoride levels in groundwater and surface soils, and the soil FTIR were analyzed. The surface soil fluoride levels range from 492 to 711.7 mg/kg, which are

Sedimentation represents a serious threat to the dam and reduces its useable water storage and its life span. Due to erosion and sedimentation problems, a dam gradually loses its ability to store water for the purposes for which it was built. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model (SWAT) was utilized to estimate the sediment yield in Wadi Al-Arab dam at the northern part of Jordan. In this research

The Eocene İslambeyli Formation outcrops at the lowest sedimentary unit of the northern part of the Tertiary Thrace Basin. This formation consists mainly of siliciclastics with increasing carbonate contribution in the upper part in the Pınarhisar region (NW Thrace). Mineralogically, this formation is derived from the quartz-rich sedimentary and felsic igneous provenance in an active continental margin

Coal resources are major energy resources for consumption in China. As the exploration of coal resources gradually turns to deep mining, the problem of supporting roadways in rock with structural planes under high ground stress is becoming increasingly significant. This research takes a support project of surrounding rock with structural planes in the Bai Yang Ling Coal Mine as the research object

The purpose of this study was to produce novel eco-friendly organoclays for removing toxic elements from aqueous environment. In the present research, nano-bentonite (Bent) and nano-montmorillonite (MT) minerals were treated with novel ionic liquids including 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([Omim][Cl]), 3,3′-(hexane-1,6-diyl) bis (1-methyl-imidazolium) bromide chloride ([H(mim)2[Br][Cl]), and

Information about soil moisture content is crucial for the sustenance of agricultural system because it helps to make decision on irrigation scheduling and water management. However, the conventional procedures for determining the soil moisture content need much effort, and time-consuming with large dataset. It is known that soil thermal properties have significant influence on the moisture content

Extensive cropping leads to higher removal of silicon (Si) from the soils and makes it a limiting element for various crops. Application of silicic acid (H4SiO4) has limited scope due to high cost, low solubility, and high polymerization. The biogenic sources of Si are alternative to silicic acid (H4SiO4) and Si release from these sources is a function of different soil properties like pH, redox potential

At 14:28 on May 12, 2008 (Beijing time), Wenchuan, in the Sichuan Province of China, experienced a Ms 8.0 earthquake. To investigate the spectral centroid amplitude changes that occurred before and during this earthquake, we gathered data from ten seismic stations located near the Longmenshan fault zone from May 1, 2008, to May 12, 2008. After using FFT to isolate the hourly seismic data, we then calculated