Landslides represent a major geomorphological feature influencing the evolution of the southern Apennine slopes with earth flows being one of the most representative types of landslide. The development of earth flows in the southern Apennines is facilitated by the widespread occurrence of clayey lithologies. Earth flows can either produce marked scars along the slopes, when their activity is high,

Runout prediction and deposit characteristics investigation for the long runout rock landslides are challenging and interesting problems nowadays. On a practical level, the landslide is a critical issue around the world which could lead to catastrophic consequences. One of the current typical instances is the successive Baige landslides in Tibet, China, where massive damages to infrastructure constructions

An energy-based identification method is proposed to investigate the seismic failure mechanism of landslides with discontinuities. The proposed method was verified by using shaking table tests on a rock slope with discontinuous structural planes. The results show that it is feasible to analyze the seismic failure mechanism of the slope by using Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and marginal spectrum based

This paper provides newly found and profound insight into the initiation mechanism of the first Baige landslide occurred on the upper reaches of the Jinsha River in October 10, 2018. The detailed geological characteristics are interpreted by comprehensive field surveys in the past year, which indicate that the Baige landslide developed in the Jinsha River tectonic suture zone, and the active tectogenesis

Loess landslides are a severe engineering geological problem on the Loess Plateau of China. This study relies on interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry techniques to characterise a large-scale loess landslide deformation process in Northwest China. First, a total of 85 Sentinel-1 SAR images acquired from March 2015 to March 2019 were used to

Post-failure landslide change detection is crucial for mitigation strategies. However, the methods used to investigate this issue all involve a tough workflow, and the free access Sentinel-2 satellite is underutilized. In this study, we use ten Sentinel-2 optical images to explore the effectiveness of using these images to detect post-landslide changes in the Huangnibazi landslide failure using an

Debris flows are one of the perilous landslide-related hazards due to their fast flow velocity, large impact force, and long runout, in association with poor predictability. Debris-flow barriers that can minimize the energy of debris flows have been widely constructed to mitigate potential damages. However, the interactions between debris flows and barriers remain poorly understood, which hampers the

Tailing dam failures are most common worldwide that should be. The recent disasters of Fundão dam (2015) and Córrego do Feijão dam (2019) are among the worst of these disasters in terms of human, social, environmental, and economic costs. The Córrego do Feijão dam collapsed at 12:28 p.m. on Jan. 25, 2019, killing 272 people, with 11 still missing. The dam had 76 m high, with a crest of 720 m. It stored

Permafrost and glaciers are being degraded by the warming effects of climate change. The impact that this degradation has on slope stability in mountainous terrain is the subject of ongoing research efforts. The relatively new availability of high-resolution (≤ 10 m) imagery with worldwide coverage and short (≤ 30 days) repeat acquisition times, as well as the emerging field of environmental seismology

More than 5000 landslides or potential landslides have been identified in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region since its impoundment in 2003. These hazards seriously threaten the continuation of reservoir operations and the safety of dams, waterways, and local residents. Understanding the deformation characteristics and kinematic evolution of these landslides can be helpful for assessing their stability

The monitoring of landslides has a practical application for the prevention of hazards, especially in the case of large deep-seated landslides. Monitoring data are necessary to understand the relationships between movement and triggers, to predict movement, and to establish an early warning system. This paper compares two phenomenological models for the prediction of the movement of the Kostanjek landslide

The three-section mechanism is a typical mechanism of large-scale rockslides. Such rockslides are typically characterized by sudden instability and can cause many casualties and considerable economic losses due to their high-speed and long-distance runout. Their evolutionary process is closely related to the development of the tension crack at the trailing edge and the sudden brittle failure of the

Does rock shape matter to the mitigation effects of trees on rockfall hazards? This question must be resolved in order to better quantify the protective role of mountain forests against rockfall. To probe this question, we investigate a single rock-tree interaction using non-smooth, hard-contact mechanics that allows us to consider rock shape at impact. The interaction of equant shaped rocks with cylinder-like

Slopes covered with unsaturated shallow pyroclastic deposits, lying upon fractured limestone bedrock, are widespread in the mountains around Naples (southern Italy). Rainfall infiltration, reducing soil suction, eventually triggers shallow landslides. While drastic reduction of suction is unanimously recognized as the triggering mechanism, there is still debate about the hydrological processes controlling

Wildfire alters the hydrologic and geomorphic responses of burned areas relative to nearby unburned areas, making them more prone to runoff, erosion, and debris flow. In post-wildfire settings, debris flows often initiate when runoff concentrates on steep slopes and rapidly mobilizes sediment. Rainfall intensity-duration (ID) thresholds have been proven useful for assessing post-fire debris-flow potential

On March 11 and 12, 2011, a large rainfall event caused floods and thousands of gravitational mass movements on the coast of the state of Paraná, Brazil. This paper focuses on the large debris flows that reached the Jacareí river basin and uses them to test the new hazard mapping method proposed by the GIDES Project, a technology transfer partnership between Brazil and Japan. The method’s purpose is

For landslide assessment in a specific small area of interest, regional thresholds may not be applicable and the application of empirical-statistical methodologies could be limited due to a lack of required databases (landslide inventories and triggering rainfall events). Rainfall thresholds for landslides have been recently derived from the implementation of physically based methodologies that usually

On 22 October 2018, at 17:20 (UTC+8), a bedding rockslide occurred on the right bank of the Jian-En expressway in Jianshi County, Hubei Province, Central China. Fortunately, a systematic displacement monitoring network provided an early warning. Thus, no casualties were caused by the rockslide, although two transport vehicles and three houses were damaged. To deduce the triggering factors and failure

The accurate and rapid prediction of landslide dam stability is of great significance for emergency response planning. However, current rapid prediction methods for the landslide dam cannot quantitatively consider the influence of landslide debris grain size distribution. A database was established based on 1434 documented historical landslide dams, including formed-unstable and formed-stable cases

This study aimed to investigate the formation and propagation processes of a landslide-generated debris flow within a small catchment while considering the effects of vegetation. This process is divided into three stages: rainfall infiltration, slope failure, and debris flow routing, according to their different mechanisms. Existing models that involve the effect of vegetation for each stage, including

Conventional supervised and unsupervised machine learning models used for landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) have many drawbacks, such as an insufficient number of recorded landslide samples, and the subjective and random selection of non-landslide samples. To overcome these drawbacks, a semi-supervised multiple-layer perceptron (SSMLP) is innovatively proposed with several processes: (1) an

While research into landslide disasters is relatively extensive and in-depth, the false alarm rate is still high. Previous research has indicated similar mechanical problems between the seismic faults and the sliding interface of landslides. Here, we introduce asperity theory from seismology to improve the prediction level of landslide damage. We designed a soil landslide model sized at 2.0 m × 0.6 m × 1

The Niushou landslide is a slow-moving landslide in the Niushou Mountain cultural tourism area, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province of China. In June 2015, a tension crack appeared on the south side of Niushou Mountain due to the continuous rainfall, which brought great potential safety risk to the scenic area and the construction of the Alila Hotel. From July 2015 to March 2016, emergency rescue works

The historically unstable Sunkist Bay cliff in Auckland, New Zealand, is formed of weak Pleistocene alluvial sediments, infilling a paleovalley eroded into Miocene sandstone. Weathered tephra layers dip at low angles out of the cliff, and part-control stability. The last major failure prior to 2017 occurred in 2011, immediately to the west of the 2017 failure. Despite the long-term history of instability

Understanding when landslides occur and how they evolve is fundamental to grasp the dynamics of the landscapes and anticipate the dangers they can offer up. However, knowledge on the timing of the landslides remains overlooked in large parts of the world. This is particularly the case in low-capacity regions, where infrastructures are weak or absent and data scarcity is the norm. The tropics stand

Paglajhora area, located in the southeastern part of the Kurseong town in the Darjeeling Himalaya region, India, experiences frequent slope failure especially in monsoon season. Due to the intricate disposition of major thrust zones (MCT, MBT, etc.), heavy rainfall, neotectonic and anthropogenic activities, etc., the cause of slope failure is not similar all over the area, which makes difficult to

This paper submits a report on the effective adoption of machine learning algorithms for enhancing the reliability of rainfall-induced landslides. The challenges involved in the design of reliable landslide early warning systems (LEWS) and the data-driven context for overcoming these challenges have been presented. The operation of LEWS is explained using the chain of five major components (i) Data

The objective of this study is to provide an effective method for risk prediction and disaster control of earthquake-induced landslides. The Hongshiyan landslide induced by Ludian earthquake (Mw6.5) on August 3, 2014, in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China, is studied. The sliding process and the mechanism of instability are investigated through numerical simulations using the particle flow codes

The accuracy of landslide displacement prediction can effectively prevent casualties and economic losses. To achieve accurate prediction of the Majiagou landslide displacement in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China, a hybrid machine learning prediction model considering the deformation hysteresis effect is proposed. The real-time deep displacement measurements were captured by using in-place inclinometers

This paper presents an analysis of the Hooskanaden Landslide, an earthflow, which experienced a dramatic surge event beginning on February 24, 2019, closing US Highway 101 near mile point 343.5 for nearly 2 weeks. This ~ 1 km long surge event resulted in horizontal displacements of up to 45 m and uplift of 6 m at the toe located on a gravel beach adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. The Hooskanaden Landslide

This paper focuses on the evaluation of temporal and spatial propagations of impulse waves using 3D numerical simulation-based models for a potential landslide area in the Tersun Dam reservoir, Northeast Turkey. The topographical model was created using Stereo Lithography files, and a drift-flux model was used to simulate the landslides. The wave generation was simulated using the Reynolds-averaged

The aim of this paper is to achieve a quantitative assessment of rockfall protection forest efficiency at regional scale, considering site specific forest, morphological and lithological parameters. At first, a semi-automatic GIS-based method, integrated with a multi-scenario 3D-rockfall model realized by using the simulation code HY-STONE, was used to map protection forests of Regione Lombardia (central

A large catastrophic landslide occurred on July 23, 2019, after a continuous heavy rainfall at Jichang (N 26°15′22.99″, E 104°40′6.33″), Shuicheng county, Guizhou province, China. This landslide had a maximum runout distance of 1295 m, a maximum falling height of 477 m between the highest point of the source area and the leading edge, and a maximum speed of 45.5 m/s. The 1.4 million cubic meters of

Slope failures occur in open-pit mining areas worldwide, producing considerable damage in addition to economic loss. Identifying the triggering factors and detecting unstable slopes and precursory displacements —which can be achieved by exploiting remote sensing data— are critical for reducing their impact. Here we present a methodology that combines digital photogrammetry, satellite radar interferometry

Rainfall infiltration in unsaturated slopes alters the effective stress through pore water pressure changes, thus causing ground deformation. Although important to assess the timescale over which the margin of safety of a slope decreases, such coupled processes are rarely accounted in the context of spatially distributed hazard assessment procedures. In this paper, a physically based, spatially distributed

A rainfall-induced landslide case history in Hong Kong, i.e., the Fei Tsui Road landslide on 13 August 1995, is simulated in this study using a two-phase material point method (MPM). With the aid of hydro-mechanically coupled two-phase MPM, the entire process of the landslide case history is simulated, starting from rainfall infiltration, to advancement of wetting front, evolution of pore water pressure

We address the modeling of spatial distribution of coseismic landslides, based on an empirical approach applied to both recent and historical well-documented events. We analyze a dataset of 11 historical and recent normal faulting earthquakes in the Italian Central Apennines. Firstly, making use of a kernel density estimator approach, we calculated the regression between the extent of the maximum area

The failure mechanism of a large historical landslide that caused the partial destruction of the Pico del Castillo de Vinuesa has been determined and characterized by a multidisciplinary approach. This study combines the application of complementary fields such as geological analyses, field and laboratory tests, geomorphological, geomechanical and hydrogeological characterizations, retrospective mathematical

Pomarico is a very small town in Basilicata, South Italy, historically landslide prone. The latest main landslide started on 25th of January 2019, on the northern east side of the hill, rapidly evolving and causing, on January 29th, the collapse of the main road of the town as well as of the overlooked buildings and serious damages of several buildings of the town. This work introduces the main features

The study analyzed synthetically spatiotemporal distribution and evolution status of moraine-dammed lakes and potential dangerous glacial lakes (PDGLs) in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and revealed integrated risk degree of county-based glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) disaster by combining hazard of PDGLs, regional exposure, vulnerability of exposed elements, and adaptability and using the

A large-scale loess landslide occurred in Xiaozhuang Village, Changjiahe Town, Tongwei County, Gansu, at approximately 11:00 am on September 14, 2019. A volume of 774 × 104 m3 of a historical sliding mass was reactivated by rainfall and slipped down along a weak interface. The sliding mass accumulated in the valley of the Kushui River, blocking the channel for a distance of ~ 1000 m and destroying

Landslide research relies on landslide inventories for a multitude of spatial, temporal, or process analyses. Generally, it takes high effort to populate a landslide inventory with relevant data. In this context, the present work investigated an effective way to handle vast amounts of automatically acquired digital data for landslide inventories by the use of machine learning algorithms and information

On July 23, 2019, a large catastrophic landslide occurred in Shuicheng, Guizhou, China. It was a rapid and long run-out landslide that resulted in more than 50 casualties. The displaced materials traveled an approximate distance of 1250 m, with a descending height of around 465 m. In this paper, seismic record analyses and numerical simulation were conducted to determine the run-out behavior of the

Regional mapping of landslide susceptibility aims to identify zones of potential instability across geological settings. Given their predictive capabilities, physically based, deterministic models are useful tools for landslide triggering studies at regional scale. However, they rely on detailed input parameters that are rarely available for large areas. To address these limitations, this work proposes

In this study, we use version 2.0 of the digital inventory of landslides triggered by the MW 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake of 14 November 2016 to revaluate some of the controls on their spatial distribution. Version 2.0 contains 29,557 hand-digitised landslides, whilst version 1.0 included only 10,195 mainly larger (> 10,000 m2) landslides. The main results from the re-analysis using version

This work presents a prototype landslide early warning system (LEWS) adapted to real-time performance over the region of Catalonia (NE Spain). The system uses high-resolution rainfall information obtained from weather radar observations and susceptibility maps to issue a qualitative warning level at a regional scale. To study the influence of the mapping unit on the LEWS outputs, susceptibility maps

Preliminary knowledge of the surface movement and internal structure of a landslide is essential to improve the understanding of landslide behavior as an initial step to develop suitable mitigation measures. This paper characterizes displacement and internal structure of landslides using multitemporal unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) imaging. Multitemporal

Landslides are the second most frequent tsunami source worldwide. However, their complex and diverse nature of origin combined with their infrequent event records make prognostic modelling challenging. In this paper, we present a probabilistic framework for analysing uncertainties emerging from the landslide source process. This probabilistic framework employs event trees and is used to conduct tsunami

Detailed information about landslide occurrence is the foundation for advancing process understanding, susceptibility mapping, and risk reduction. Despite the recent revolution in digital elevation data and remote sensing technologies, landslide mapping remains resource intensive. Consequently, a modern, comprehensive map of landslide occurrence across the United States (USA) has not been compiled

Landslide-induced waves are one of the most disastrous hazards that can post a great threat to human lives and properties. At about 4:00 pm, 5 November 2017, a landslide-induced tsunami-like wave suddenly occurred across the Truong river in Bac Tra My District, Quang Nam province, Vietnam. The water wave destroyed six houses at the opposite bank and caused one person dead and three others injured.

Plant roots positively and negatively contribute to hillslope stability by the perspective of soil strength and water flow infiltration improvement. To further examine the controversy, this work addresses the six root architecture types on the rainfall threshold for slope stability by tests of saturated conductivity and shear strength of the root-soil composite. An infinite slope model and a 1D flow

Large (deep-seated) landslides present complex geometries, rock/soil properties, and kinematical behavior. Complex geometries are due to the presence of several sliding zones, while complex properties typically result from the dilation, compression, or fatigue of geologic materials. Kinematical behavior is often episodic, with periods of stability followed by periods of enhanced slope movements owing

In the last ten thousand years, the explosive activity of some volcanic centers has blanketed with pyroclastic soils the major part of Campania Region, Southern Italy. Experience shows that the sloping deposits may be mobilized by long-lasting precipitations, leading to rapid and sometimes catastrophic flow-type slope movements. This paper summarizes the present knowledge on this subject based on the

Aerial photography has been extensively used for civil engineering applications for more than a century. The availability of digital photogrammetry tools has allowed for aircraft, UAV, and ground-based digital photogrammetry to become a reliable and standard tool for landslide management. Digital photographs and digitized historic aerial photos can be used to develop digital surface elevation models

In this paper, we investigate the sources for Palu Bay tsunamis, which occurred in September 2018 after a Mw 7.5 earthquake struck on a strike-slip fault. Previous land-based field studies have identified numerous coastal landslides as possible sources for tsunami generation. Here, we present new post-earthquake bathymetry survey data in the bay. We compare the new very detailed nearshore bathymetry

In this paper, a systematic procedure to assess the feasibility of Advanced Differential Interferometric SAR (A-DInSAR) technique for landslide monitoring using SAR images acquired by Sentinel-1 sensors is presented. The methodology is named “Assessment of the advanced differentiaL interferometric synthetic aperture radar technique Feasibility for large scale lAndslide monitoring – ALFA” and it is

Previous studies about probabilistic back analysis for shear strength parameters of landslides generally adopted a fixed slip surface. This setting may lead to unreliable results due to the uncertainty of slip surface location speculated by limited observations. Based on Bayes’ theorem, this paper proposes a probabilistic framework for the back analysis of landslides considering slip surface uncertainty

This study derives an empirical equation to determine the rainfall threshold that triggers landslides and subsequent debris flows. In this research, the contribution of different factors, especially various sediment layer thicknesses, was assessed on the landslide leading to debris flows. Bed slope, sediment thickness, sediment mean diameter, sediment layer length, rainfall intensity, and time of landslide

Slope instabilities adjacent to transportation corridors require timely and precise assessment to determine the risk to road users, particularly when weather changes trigger these instabilities. In southern Alberta, Canada, near the town of Drumheller, a 500-m-long, 60-m-high slope adjacent to Highway 837 has a history of slope instabilities that includes rockfalls, frozen soil falls, and debris flows

Empirical thresholds indicating the meteorological conditions leading to shallow landslide triggering are one of the most important components of landslide early warning systems (LEWS). Thresholds have been determined for many parts of the globe and present significant margins of improvement, especially for the high number of false alarms they produce. The use of soil moisture information to define