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Drought-Induced Vertical Displacements and Water Loss in the Po River Basin (Northern Italy) From GNSS Measurements Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 F. Pintori, E. Serpelloni
We study vertical ground displacement time series from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations to measure deformation associated with hydrological drought in the Po river basin. Focusing on interannual trend changes, rather than seasonal (annual) components, we found a clear spatially correlated deformation signal that is temporally (anti)correlated with changes in the Po river level and
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The Impact of Lightning NOx Production on Ground-Level Ozone in Tehran Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Maryam Gharaylou, Nafiseh Pegahfar, Omid Alizadeh
Lightning-generated nitrogen oxides (LNOx) have an impact on the concentration of ground-level ozone which acts as a toxic air pollutant, thereby negatively influencing human health and the environment. To understand the impact of LNOx on ground-level ozone, we simulated four thunderstorm events in Tehran using the WRF-Chem model. As observations of LNOx are not available, we evaluated the temporal
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Attributing Extreme Precipitation Characteristics in South China Pearl River Delta Region to Anthropogenic Influences Based on Pseudo Global Warming Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Rui Zhao, Chi-Yung Tam, Sai-Ming Lee, Junwen Chen
In the context of human-induced warming climate, the atmosphere is expected to hold a greater amount of water vapor, leading to heavier precipitation on a global scale. However, the extent to which changes in extreme rainfall can be attributed to human influences varies at regional scales. Here we conduct attribution analyses on 40 extreme precipitation events in different seasons during 1998–2018
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Improving Mountain Snowpack Estimation Using Machine Learning With Sentinel-1, the Airborne Snow Observatory, and University of Arizona Snowpack Data Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Patrick Broxton, Mohammad Reza Ehsani, Ali Behrangi
Accurate mapping of snow amount in the mountains is critical as mountain snowpacks are water supply for millions of people. Satellite remote sensing has been largely unable to reliably detect the amount of snowpack in these areas. Recently, C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from the Sentinel-1 (S1) satellites have shown potential for measuring snow depth in the mountains. However, their spatiotemporal
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Leveraging Spatial Metadata in Machine Learning for Improved Objective Quantification of Geological Drill Core Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Lewis J. C. Grant, Miquel Massot-Campos, Rosalind M. Coggon, Blair Thornton, Francesca C. Rotondo, Michelle Harris, Aled D. Evans, Damon A. H. Teagle
Here we present a method for using the spatial x–y coordinate of an image cropped from the cylindrical surface of digital 3D drill core images and demonstrate how this spatial metadata can be used to improve unsupervised machine learning performance. This approach is applicable to any data set with known spatial context, however, here it is used to classify 400 m of drillcore imagery into 12 distinct
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Satellite NO2 Trends and Hotspots Over Offshore Oil and Gas Operations in the Gulf of Mexico Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Niko M. Fedkin, Ryan M. Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Debra E. Kollonige, Holli D. Wecht, Nellie Elguindi
The Outer Continental Shelf of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is populated with numerous oil and natural gas (ONG) platforms which produce NOx (NOx = NO + NO2), a major component of air pollution. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is mandated to ensure that the air quality of coastal states is not degraded by these emissions. As part of a NASA-BOEM collaboration, we conducted a satellite data-based
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Global Predicted Bathymetry Using Neural Networks Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Hugh Harper, David T. Sandwell
A coherent portrayal of global bathymetry requires that depths are inferred between sparsely distributed direct depth measurements. Depths can be interpolated in the gaps using alternate information such as satellite-derived gravity and a mapping from gravity to depth. We designed and trained a neural network on a collection of 50 million depth soundings to predict bathymetry globally using gravity
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Advancements in Individual Tree Detection and Forest Structural Attributes Estimation From LiDAR Data: MSITD and SAFER Approaches Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Mohammad Fallah, Hossein Aghighi, Aliakbar Matkan
Currently, the information on the structural attributes of forests, such as the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass (AGB), is being used widely in various disciplines. In this study, we first proposed a novel tree detection algorithm called multi-scale individual tree detection (MSITD) algorithm, which combines the strengths of raster-based and point-based approaches in order
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Multi-Spacecraft Magnetic Field Reconstructions: A Cross-Scale Comparison of Methods Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 T. Broeren, K. G. Klein, J. M. TenBarge
Space plasma studies frequently use in situ magnetic field measurements taken from many spacecraft simultaneously. A useful data product of these measurements is the reconstructed magnetic field in a volume near the spacecraft observatory. We compare a standard Linear method of computing the magnetic field at arbitrary spatial points to two novel approaches: a Radial Basis Function interpolation and
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A Deep Learning Method for Dynamic Process Modeling of Real Landslides Based on Fourier Neural Operator Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Yanglong Chen, Chaojun Ouyang, Qingsong Xu, Weibin Yang
The conventional numerical solvers for partial differential equations encounter a formidable challenge, as their computational efficiency and accuracy are heavily contingent on grid size. Recently, machine learning (ML) has exhibited substantial promise in addressing partial differential equations. Nevertheless, substantial hurdles persist in practical applications. In this work, we endeavor to establish
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Multi-Platform Observations of Severe Typhoon Koinu Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 J. Y. He, P. W. Chan, C. W. Choy, P. Cheung, Y. W. Chan, C. C. Lam, Y. H. He, P. Rong, H. Su, Z. M. Li
Severe Typhoon Koinu passed south of Hong Kong on 8 and 9 October 2023, triggering the issuance of the Increasing Gale or Storm Signal No. 9, the second highest tropical cyclone (TC) warning signal in Hong Kong. Koinu was a difficult case for TC warning service due to its compact size and rather erratic movement over the coastal waters of Guangdong. To monitor Koinu's movement and wind structure, the
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Improving GNSS PPP Performance in the South China Under Different Weather Conditions by Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model-Derived Wet Delay Corrections Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Yangzhao Gong, Zhizhao Liu, Shiwei Yu, Pak Wai Chan, Kai Kwong Hon
Atmospheric wet delay caused by Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) significantly impacts the performance of many geodetic surveying systems such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In this study, we use wet delay corrections forecast by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to enhance GNSS Precise Point Positioning (PPP) during two observation periods with two different weather conditions
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Calibration of Swarm Ion Density, Drift, and Effective Mass Measurements Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Johnathan K. Burchill, Levan Lomidze
We calibrate the Swarm Langmuir Probe Ion Drift, Density and Effective Mass (SLIDEM) products using the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC-1) electron density measurements. SLIDEM combines electric current measurements from the Electric Field Instrument faceplate (situated on the ram-facing side of the satellite) with ion admittance measurements from a spherical
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The Middle Niger Basin in Nigeria Has a Rift Origin, as Revealed by the Inversion and Modeling of Gravity and Magnetic Data Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Naheem Banji Salawu, Kamaldeen Olakunle L. Omosanya, Dominique Fournier
The NW-SE oriented Middle Niger Basin, which is a Campano-Maastrichtian inland basin has been the subject of debate among geoscientists regarding its origin and development. This paper aims to unravel the basin's origin and evolution by using high-resolution magnetic, gravity, and topographical data. The integration of aeromagnetic and gravity data provides a means to assess the influence of igneous
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Structural Controls of the Expansion of Small-Scale Artisanal Gold of Bouda Area (Kaya-Goren Green Belt, Burkina Faso) From Remote Sensing Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 R. A. I. Dao, H. Ilboudo, D. Baratoux
Small-scale artisanal mining is a vital sector of the economy of Burkina Faso. This activity, correctly regulated, remains essential for the population despite security issues since 2015. Exploration of new areas for gold mining in this condition is difficult but essential to continue extractive activities. It is, therefore, important to define viable corridors, with science-based evidence for the
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Oriented Bedrock Samples Drilled by the Perseverance Rover on Mars Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Benjamin P. Weiss, Elias N. Mansbach, Joseph L. Carsten, Kyle W. Kaplan, Justin N. Maki, Roger C. Wiens, Tanja Bosak, Curtis L. Collins, Jennifer Fentress, Joshua M. Feinberg, Yulia Goreva, Megan Kennedy Wu, Tara A. Estlin, Douglas E. Klein, Rachel E. Kronyak, Robert C. Moeller, Nicholas Peper, Adriana Reyes-Newell, Mark A. Sephton, David L. Shuster, Justin I. Simon, Kenneth H. Williford, Kathryn W
A key objective of the Perseverance rover mission is to acquire samples of Martian rocks for future return to Earth. Eventual laboratory analyses of these samples would address key questions about the evolution of the Martian climate, interior, and habitability. Many such investigations would benefit greatly from samples of Martian bedrock that are oriented in absolute Martian geographic coordinates
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Ground Heat Flux Reconstruction Using Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification Machinery and Surrogate Modeling Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Wenbo Zhou, Liujing Zhang, Aleksey Sheshukov, Jingfeng Wang, Modi Zhu, Khachik Sargsyan, Donghui Xu, Desheng Liu, Tianqi Zhang, Valeriy Mazepa, Alexandr Sokolov, Victor Valdayskikh, Valeriy Ivanov
Ground heat flux (G0) is a key component of the land-surface energy balance of high-latitude regions. Despite its crucial role in controlling permafrost degradation due to global warming, G0 is sparsely measured and not well represented in the outputs of global scale model simulation. In this study, an analytical heat transfer model is tested to reconstruct G0 across seasons using soil temperature
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Machine Learning-Based Wave Model With High Spatial Resolution in Chesapeake Bay Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Jian Shen, Zhengui Wang, Jiabi Du, Yinglong J. Zhang, Qubin Qin
A high-resolution wave model is crucial for accurate modeling of sediment and organic material transports, but its computational costs hinder direct coupling to an ecosystem model. We developed a machine learning model using long short-term memory to simulate large-scale, high-resolution waves. Trained with numerical wave model (NWM) outputs and wind data from nine locations, our model successfully
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On the Non-Linear Nature of Long-Term Sea Surface Temperature Global Trends Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 B. Martinez-Lopez, A. I. Quintanar, W. D. Cabos-Narvaez, E. Moreles
The year-to-year rate and acceleration of the changes in global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for 1870–2022 are determined using non-linear techniques. Our methodology identifies the non-linear, long-term tendencies of the warming, revealing subtle but essential features of the SST changes that are impossible to identify by linear techniques. Our analysis identifies inhomogeneous patterns of SST
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Issue Information Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28
No abstract is available for this article.
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Impacts of Local Green's Functions on Modeling Atmospheric Loading Effects for GNSS Reference Stations Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-25 Wenlan Fan, Weiping Jiang, Zhao Li, Jun Tao, Ze Wang, Linyu He
The Green's function approach is well-established and widely used for modeling the surface mass loading displacements. Global mean Green's functions (MGFs) are commonly applied without considering local variations of the crustal structure. Derived from the modified layered Earth structure, the local Green's functions (LGFs) are theoretically beneficial to generate more accurate deformation, since they
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TGFs, Gamma-Ray Glows, and Direct Lightning Strike Radiation Observed During a Single Flight of a Balloon-Borne Gamma-Ray Spectrometer Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Christopher Helmerich, Todd McKinney, Everett Cavanaugh, Sarah Dangelo
Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) and other high-energy radiation phenomena related to thunderstorms remain incompletely understood since their discovery nearly 30 years ago. Space and ground-based platforms have provided insights, but limitations exist in temporal resolution, signal-to-noise ratios, and proximity to events. This study presents findings from a balloon-borne gamma-ray spectrometer
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Formation and Dynamics of a Coherent Coastal Freshwater Influenced System Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Benjamin I. Barton, Michela De Dominicis, Rory O’Hara Murray, Judith Wolf, Alejandro Gallego
On the Northwest European Shelf rivers provide freshwater to the coastal seas. This coastal freshwater can be misrepresented in ocean models without effective coastal resolution. This leaves an unanswered question; is freshwater retained around Scotland and what affects its variability? Here, we deploy and run an unstructured model with enhanced coastal resolution to simulate the Northwest European
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Optimization of a Tsunami Gauge Configuration for Pseudo-Super-Resolution of Wave Height Distribution Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Saneiki Fujita, Reika Nomura, Shuji Moriguchi, Yu Otake, Shunichi Koshimura, Randall J. LeVeque, Kenjiro Terada
In this study, we present an optimization method for determining a cost-effective sparse configuration for tsunami gauges to realize the reconstruction of high-resolution wave height distribution throughout the target region based on the concept of super-resolution. This optimization method consists of three procedures. First, we generate time series data of tsunami wave heights at synthetic gauges
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Retrieval of Rotational Temperatures From the Arecibo Observatory Ebert-Fastie Spectrometer and Their Inter-Comparison With Co-Located K-Lidar and SABER Measurements Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Sukanta Sau, Pedrina Terra, Christiano G. M. Brum, Fabio A. Vargas, Jens Lautenbach, S. Gurubaran
Rotational temperatures in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere region are estimated by utilizing the OH(6,2) Meinel band nightglow data obtained with an Ebert-Fastie spectrometer (EFS) operated at Arecibo Observatory (AO), Puerto Rico (18.35°N, 66.75°W) during February-April 2005. To validate the estimated rotational temperatures, a comparison with temperatures obtained from a co-located Potassium Temperature
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Seis2Rock: A Data-Driven Approach to Direct Petrophysical Inversion of Pre-Stack Seismic Data Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 M. Corrales, H. Hoteit, M. Ravasi
The inversion of petrophysical parameters from seismic data represents a fundamental step in the process of characterizing the subsurface, with applications ranging from subsurface resource exploration to geothermal, carbon capture and storage, and hydrogen storage. We propose a novel, data-driven approach, named Seis2Rock, that utilizes optimal basis functions learned from well-log information to
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GNSS Radio Occultation Data in the AWS Cloud Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 S. S. Leroy, A. E. McVey, S. M. Leidner, H. Zhang, H. Gleisner
Radio occultation (RO) by the Earth's atmosphere of the transmitted signals of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems' satellites has improved numerical weather prediction, has benefited atmospheric process studies, and benchmarked climate change by its strong traceability to the international definition of the second. Until now, research with RO has been isolated to the few centers that actually
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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera Updated In-Flight Calibration Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 S. H. G. Walter, K.-M. Aye, R. Jaumann, F. Postberg
The image data of the Context Camera (CTX) of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter require a flat-field correction that is currently available as a plain text file in the Planetary Data System “Calib” folders for all CTX Enhanced Data Record releases or automatically implemented as part of the ctxcal application of the Integrated Software for Images and Spectrometers (ISIS). We noticed (a) differences between
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Prototype System for Unmanned Reference Point Determination at the Sub-Millimeter Level Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Zhibin Zhang, Zhikang Wang, Xiaohui Ma, Zhengxiong Sun, Dezhen Xu, Chengli Huang, Guangli Wang, Zhaoxiang Qi
The determination of reference points for telescopes is crucial for obtaining the local-tie vector for a multi-technology co-located station. Traditional methods suffer from labor-intensive fieldwork, long execution cycles, and systematic errors due to the incident angle of the total station's laser beam on the prism. In this paper, we propose an algorithm aligning the prism pointing vector with the
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Calculations of Arctic Ice-Ocean Interface Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Transmittance Values Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 B. H. Redmond Roche, M. D. King
Sea ice algae play an important role in the Arctic Ocean ecosystem, driving primary production in the spring and sequestering carbon to the deep ocean. Up to 45% of Arctic Ocean primary production occurs in ice-covered areas; photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is fundamental to driving this production. Sea ice, and particularly snow, strongly scatter and reflect light, reducing the amount of
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Long-Term Stability, Noise, and Temperature Sensitivity of Modular Porous-Pot Electrodes Designed for Geophysical and Geotechnical Applications, and Details of Their Construction Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Matthew J. Comeau, Stefan Ueding, Michael Becken
Electrodes are used to measure a potential difference between two points. In geophysical and geotechnical applications they are often in the form of non-polarizable porous-pot electrodes. Here we describe the design, construction, and testing of modular and refillable electrodes, which facilitates repair as the electrodes degrade over time. We use a chemical composition based on a metal in contact
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Integrated Algorithm for High-Resolution Crustal-Scale Imaging Using Complementary OBS and Streamer Data Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Toktam Zand, Andrzej Górszczyk
We present an integrated algorithm for high-resolution crustal-scale imaging utilizing long-offset wide-angle ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) data and short-offset multichannel streamer (MCS) data. The algorithm adopts a two-step imaging strategy, initially using the OBS data to enhance deep structure imaging and capture long-wavelength features of the migration velocity. Subsequently, the MCS data
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An Object-Based Approach to Differentiate Pores and Microfractures in Petrographic Analysis Using Explainable, Supervised Machine Learning Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Issac Sujay Anand John Jayachandran, Holly Catherine Gibbs, Juan Carlos Laya, Yemna Qaiser, Talha Khan, Mohammed Ishaq Mohammed Shoeb Ansari, Mohammed Yaqoob Ansari, Mohammed Malyah, Nayef Alyafei, Thomas Daniel Seers
Petrographic observations are vital for carbonate pore-typing, linking geological frameworks to petrophysical behavior. However, current petrographic pore typing is manual, with the qualitative to semi-quantitative results not easily fitted into quantitative subsurface characterization. Some recent studies have automated this process using supervised machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), focusing
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A Geostratigraphic Map of the Rachmaninoff Basin Area: Integrating Morphostratigraphic and Spectral Units on Mercury Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Jack Wright, Francesca Zambon, Cristian Carli, Francesca Altieri, Claudia M. Pöhler, David A. Rothery, Carolyn H. van der Bogert, Angelo Pio Rossi, Matteo Massironi, Matthew R. Balme, Susan J. Conway
Geological maps of Earth typically incorporate field observations of rock lithology, structure, composition, and more. In contrast, conventional planetary geological maps are often made using primarily qualitative morphostratigraphic remote sensing observations of planetary surfaces. However, it is possible to define independent quantitative spectral units (SUs) of planetary surfaces, which potentially
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Interdependencies Between Wildfire-Induced Alterations in Soil Properties, Near-Surface Processes, and Geohazards Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Farshid Vahedifard, Masood Abdollahi, Ben A. Leshchinsky, Timothy D. Stark, Mojtaba Sadegh, Amir AghaKouchak
The frequency, severity, and spatial extent of destructive wildfires have increased in several regions globally over the past decades. While direct impacts from wildfires are devastating, the hazardous legacy of wildfires affects nearby communities long after the flames have been extinguished. Post-wildfire soil conditions control the persistence, severity, and timing of cascading geohazards in burned
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2D Near-Surface Full-Waveform Tomography Reveals Bedrock Controls on Critical Zone Architecture Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 B. J. Eppinger, W. S. Holbrook, Z. Liu, B. A. Flinchum, J. Tromp
For decades, seismic imaging methods have been used to study the critical zone, Earth's thin, life-supporting skin. The vast majority of critical zone seismic studies use traveltime tomography, which poorly resolves heterogeneity at many scales relevant to near-surface processes, therefore limiting progress in critical zone science. Full-waveform tomography can overcome this limitation by leveraging
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Comparison of Forecasting Biases Over New York State Mesonet: A Wet Summer Versus a Dry Summer Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Lanxi Min, Qilong Min, Chiming Wang
Extreme weather events are occurring with increasing frequent due to the climate change. This increasing frequency may introduce more uncertainty in weather forecasting model performance, particularly when considering the intricate relationship of the land surface and atmosphere coupling system. In this study, we utilize data from the sophisticated New York State Mesonet to evaluate the performance
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FY-4A/AGRI Infrared Brightness Temperature Estimation of Precipitation Based on Multi-Model Ensemble Learning Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Gen Wang, Wei Han, Song Ye, Song Yuan, Jing Wang, Feng Xie
Satellite infrared detectors cannot penetrate clouds, especially precipitating clouds. Improving precipitation estimation accuracy based on infrared brightness temperature has always been important but challenging. In this paper, based on the infrared brightness temperature of the Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI) onboard China's Feng-Yun 4A satellite, we develop and evaluate a new precipitation
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Analysis of ICESat-2 Data Acquisition Algorithm Parameter Enhancements to Improve Worldwide Bathymetric Coverage Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-03 James T. Dietrich, Ann Rackley Reese, Aimée Gibbons, Lori A. Magruder, Christopher E. Parrish
A major advance in global bathymetric observation occurred in 2018 with the launch of NASA’s ICESat-2 satellite, carrying a green-wavelength, photon-counting lidar, the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS). Although bathymetric measurement was not initially a design goal for the mission, pre- and post-launch studies revealed ATLAS’s notable bathymetric mapping capability. ICESat-2 bathymetry
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Ozone Concentration Estimation and Meteorological Impact Quantification in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Machine Learning Models Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Zheng Luo, Peilan Lu, Zhen Chen, Run Liu
Accurate estimation of ozone (O3) concentrations and quantitative meteorological contribution are crucial for effective control of O3 pollution. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in leveraging machine learning for O3 pollution research due to its advantages, such as high accuracy, strong generalization, and ease of use. In this study, we utilized meteorological parameters obtained
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Electrical Properties of Vertical Dominant Charge Structures Observed in Corsican Thunderstorms With a LMA Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Ronan Houel, Eric Defer, Dominique Lambert, Serge Prieur, Stéphane Pédeboy
Lightning characteristics of Corsican storms with different charge structures are investigated in this study. Observations of an LMA network are used to document the total lightning activity. Complementary lightning observations of the lightning detection network Météorage are also used. A clustering algorithm is used to build a database of electrical cells from June to October 2018. A method is also
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Deep Learning for Daily 2-m Temperature Downscaling Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Shuyan Ding, Xiefei Zhi, Yang Lyu, Yan Ji, Weijun Guo
This study proposes a novel method, which is a U-shaped convolutional neural network that combines non-local attention mechanisms, Res2net residual modules, and terrain information (UNR-Net). The original U-Net method and the linear regression (LR) method are conducted as benchmarks. Generally, the UNR-Net has demonstrated promise in performing a 10× downscaling for daily 2-m temperature over North
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Feasibility of Passive Sounding of Uranian Moons Using Uranian Kilometric Radiation Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 A. Romero-Wolf, G. Steinbrügge, J. Castillo-Rogez, C. J. Cochrane, T. A. Nordheim, K. L. Mitchell, N. S. Wolfenbarger, D. M. Schroeder, S. Peters
We present a feasibility study for passive sounding of Uranian icy moons using Uranian Kilometric Radio (UKR) emissions in the 100–900 kHz band. We provide a summary description of the observation geometry, the UKR characteristics, and estimate the sensitivity for an instrument analogous to the Cassini Radio Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) but with a modified receiver digitizer and signal processing chain
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Issue Information Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-30
No abstract is available for this article.
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Seasonal and Diurnal Variability in Near-Surface Air and Ground Temperature Regimes of the Alpine Zone of Mount Kenya Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Timothy A. Downing, Daniel O. Olago, Tobias Nyumba
Mountains near the equator have very unique temperature regimes due to the tropical latitude and alpine altitude. How climate change will impact these temperature regimes is not clear as there are so few temperature records in these environments. This study attempts to characterize the near-surface air and ground temperature regime for the Teleki Valley (3,200–4,200 m. a.s.l) on the western slope of
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Automated Nighttime Cloud Detection Using Keograms When Aurora Is Present Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Alex English, David J. Stuart, Donald L. Hampton, Seebany Datta-Barua
We present a binary hypothesis test for detecting clear sky in auroral all-sky images based on single-wavelength keograms. The coefficient of variation c, the ratio of the sample standard deviation to the mean over elevation angle along the meridian, is the test statistic. After image-correcting keograms and excluding dark sky intervals, detection performance is compared to true conditions as determined
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Impact-Generated Permeability and Hydrothermal Circulation at the Vredefort Impact Structure, South Africa Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 S. Marchi, A. Alexander, A. Trowbridge, C. Koeberl
The 2.02 billion year old Vredefort impact structure in South Africa offers a unique opportunity to study large-scale impact processes on Earth. Vredefort's large size (∼250 km in diameter) and eroded topography provides the opportunity to study the effects of shock physics at depth and post-formation hydrothermal alteration. In this work, we simulate the formation of the Vredefort structure building
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Mapping Daily Air Temperature Over the Hawaiian Islands From 1990 to 2021 via an Optimized Piecewise Linear Regression Technique Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Keri M. Kodama, Ehsan Kourkchi, Ryan J. Longman, Matthew P. Lucas, Sayed M. Bateni, Yu-Fen Huang, Aurora Kagawa-Viviani, Jared Mclean, Sean B. Cleveland, Thomas W. Giambelluca
Gridded air temperature data are required in various fields such as ecological modeling, weather forecasting, and surface energy balance assessment. In this work, a piecewise multiple linear regression model is used to produce high-resolution (250 m) daily maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin), and mean (Tmean) near-surface air temperature maps for the State of Hawaiʻi for a 32-year period (1990–2021). Multiple
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The Thunderstorms With the Greatest Lightning Densities on Earth Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Michael Peterson
The most intense thunderstorms on Earth were surveyed using the comprehensive meteorological instrumentation on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Expansive land-based Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) were consistently identified among the Earth's most intense thunderstorms, with their organization into many convective cells spanning a large areal extent permitting exceptional
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Applicability of Object Detection to Microfossil Research: Implications From Deep Learning Models to Detect Microfossil Fish Teeth and Denticles Using YOLO-v7 Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 K. Mimura, K. Nakamura, K. Yasukawa, E. C. Sibert, J. Ohta, T. Kitazawa, Y. Kato
Microfossils of fish teeth and denticles, referred to as ichthyoliths, provide critical information for depositional ages, paleo-environments, and marine ecosystems, especially in pelagic realms. However, owing to their small size and rarity, it is time-consuming and difficult to analyze large numbers of ichthyoliths from sediment samples, limiting their use in scientific studies. Here, we propose
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Uncertainty Analysis of the Prediction of Massive Ash Fallout From a Large Explosive Eruption at Sakurajima Volcano Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Haris Rahadianto, Hirokazu Tatano, Masato Iguchi
Volcanic ash hazards present life-threatening dangers to populations near volcanoes during large explosive eruptions. Vulnerable infrastructures demand a comprehensive disaster risk reduction strategy to protect residents from enormous ashfall accumulations. To prepare for the next large eruption of Sakurajima volcano, authorities in Kagoshima City are developing a countermeasure plan utilizing ash
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A New Method to Invert for Interseismic Deep Slip Along Closely Spaced Faults Using Surface Velocities and Subsurface Stressing-Rate Tensors Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 H. Elston, M. Cooke, J. Loveless, S. Marshall
Inversions of interseismic geodetic surface velocities often cannot uniquely resolve the three-dimensional slip-rate distribution along closely spaced faults. Microseismic focal mechanisms reveal stress information at depth and may provide additional constraints for inversions that estimate slip rates. Here, we present a new inverse approach that utilizes both surface velocities and subsurface stressing-rate
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Millennial-Scale Changes in Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide During the Holocene Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Syed Azharuddin, Jinho Ahn, Yeongjun Ryu, Ed Brook, Nasrin Salehnia
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas which destroys the ozone in the stratosphere. Primary sources of atmospheric N2O are nitrification and denitrification in terrestrial soils and the ocean, and the main sink is photolysis in the stratosphere. Studies have mostly focused on the climate-related response of N2O during glacial-interglacial periods. However, its mechanism of variation during
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Stationarity of High- and Low-Flows Under Climate Change and Human Interventions Across Global Catchments Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Zhengrong Wang, Yuting Yang
The assumption of stationarity is fundamental for predicting future hydrologic changes based on historical data. Here we present the first global-scale, observation-based assessment of long-term stationarity in annual streamflow extremes (i.e., maximum and minimum monthly streamflow, or Qmax and Qmin). Observational evidence from 11,069 catchments worldwide reveal that Qmax and Qmin series remain stationary
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Reflecting on Our Present Self-Awareness of Not Having Found Any Life Beyond Earth Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Stuart F. Taylor, Jonathan H. Jiang, Nick Searra, Philip E. Rosen
Ever gazed at the stars and wondered if we’re alone? Scientists have been on a quest to find life beyond Earth, but no aliens yet. It’s tough because space is huge, and potential life is incredibly far away, making it difficult to detect their signals. Despite this, our ability to search is improving. We’ve found many planets around other stars, hinting at more places where life could be. But life
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Evaluation of Summertime Passive Microwave and Reanalysis Sea-Ice Concentration in the Central Arctic Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Kexin Song, Peter J. Minnett
Passive microwave (PM) observations have been used to monitor ice retreat in the Arctic. However, various PM sea ice concentration (SIC) algorithms are prone to underestimate ice fraction during summer. We evaluated the accuracy of 2002–2019 low SICs in the Central Arctic Ocean of four PM products from the University of Bremen, the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), and the Ocean and Sea Ice
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Effect of Horizontal Resolution on a Meso-β-Scale Vortex Simulation in an Extreme Rainstorm on 22 May 2020 Over South China: A Contrastive Study Based on Different-Resolution Ensembles Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Guanshun Zhang, Xubin Zhang, Zhaoli Yang
A transient extreme rainstorm that occurred over Guangzhou city, China, on 22 May 2020, has been investigated based on two ensemble prediction systems (EPSs), one with 9-km (TRAMS9km-EPS) and the other with 3-km (TRAMS3km-EPS) grid spacings, respectively. The results show that the better performance in the rainstorm event of TRAMS3km-EPS than that of TRAMS9km-EPS has been attributed to the reasonable
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Helicity: A Possible Indicator of Negative Feedback Initiation of Tropical Cyclone–Ocean Interaction Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 A. Munsi, A. P. Kesarkar, J. N. Bhate, V. S. Tallapragada
The development of large-scale vortex dynamo during tropical cyclogenesis through the mutual intensification of primary and secondary circulation in terms of helical evolution is well studied. However, the influence of atmospheric helicity on ocean surface heat and moisture fluxes associated with tropical cyclone (TC) evolution is yet to be understood. At its development stage, the heat and moisture
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Pearl Millet Crop Biophysical Parameter Retrieval From Space Borne Polarimetric SAR Data Using Machine Learning Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Dharanya Thulasiraman, Dipanwita Haldar, Shashi Kumar, Arun Balaji Ramathilagam, N. R. Patel
The potential of single date fully Polarimetric RADARSAT-2 data in retrieving crop biophysical parameters using Machine Learning techniques was investigated. Various polarimetric parameters along with coherent and incoherent decomposition techniques were assessed for its sensitivity toward crop parameters like Wet and Dry Biomass, Crop Height, Leaf Area Index and Vegetation Water Content. A set of
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Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to Characterize Induced Earthquakes: Application to a ML 3.4 Event in the Groningen Gas Field and the Role of Prior Earth Space Sci. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 La Ode Marzujriban Masfara, Cornelis Weemstra
The Hamiltonian Monte Carlo algorithm is known to be highly efficient when sampling high-dimensional model spaces due to Hamilton's equations guiding the sampling process. For weakly non-linear problems, linearizing the forward problem enhances this efficiency. This study integrates this linearization with geological prior knowledge for optimal results. We test this approach to estimate the source