This contribution presents the development of a dry-cast method for the one-step preparation of bio-based films from wood polymers that mimic the bilayered structure of tree bark, the natural protective layer of the tree. In a simplified view, natural bark can be considered as the superposition of an external homogeneous and non-porous layer (outer bark) and a porous substructure layer (inner bark)

The aim of this article is to correlate the experimental modal analysis (EMA) with finite element analysis (FEA) to study the effect of wood species on vibration modes of violin plates made of spruce and maple. For EMA, five violin plates each made of spruce and maple were tested (curly maple, quilted maple, common maple with regular and irregular rings). The plates were clamped on edges and subjected

Studying the cutting forces during wood machining by a removal process is crucial to ensure high surface quality, maximum precision and to minimize chattering phenomena. Currently, industrial tasks and research works concerning using serial robots for wood machining are rare, which can be explained by the low stiffness of such machines. High cutting forces with low machine rigidity undeniably disturb

To enable an increased use of wood products for construction there is a need to include products based not only on softwoods. Poplar-based products are an excellent and promising tool allowing the development of sustainable strategies, as fast-growing species reduce the pressure on natural forests. In this direction, this paper presents the relationship between mechanical properties under compressive

Several studies have shown that the heartwood of Prosopis juliflora contains high amounts of a naturally rare flavan-3-ol compound identified as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)chromane-3,7,8-triol otherwise known as (−)-mesquitol (1). It is known to possess strong antioxidant properties, which may be of valuable interest for further valorization. However, no data exists so far showing the variations of its

Environmental issues and health-benefitting design strategies have raised interest in natural and renewable building materials, resulting in an increased focus on the use of wood in built environment. The influence of wooden materials on measured and perceived indoor environment quality (IEQ) has gained attention during the past few decades, with a growing number of studies having explored the issue

Circulations of some wood products are identified as one of the causes that have facilitated the introduction of pathogens and insects in several countries of the world. This biological invasion has caused the destruction of plant species, causing significant economic and ecological losses for many regions of the world. To this end, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has established, through the International

Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf protein was used as a biomass feedstock to prepare wood adhesives, and the influence of cutting modes (cutting frequencies and cutting heights) on leaf protein content and reactivity was studied in this paper. Bonding performance of Broussonetiapapyrifera leaf protein-based adhesives were evaluated by shear strength of plywood. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

The presented research concerns the use of a laser profilometer to measure the surface roughness of green Douglas fir heartwood veneers during the peeling process. It investigates the effect of various process parameters on the surface quality. Three experiments were carried out with a single variable factor for each experiment: log centration, soaking temperature and cutting speed. Moreover, the origin

The performance of adhesive-hardwood bonds can often be sensitive to humidity and temperature variation. Therefore, it is frequently challenging to achieve standard requirements for structural applications. To gain a better understanding of the wood-adhesive bond, the properties of the individual constituents as well as the local interface of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood cell walls in contact

Vacuum technology was applied to the hot-pressing technology of plywood production with phenolic resin (PF). For plywood with the same number of layers, veneers were hot-pressed with conventional and vacuum hot-pressing processes respectively at the same hot-pressing time. Varying layers (3, 9 and 15-layers) and spread quantities (220 g m−2, 260 g m−2, 300 g m−2) were applied. Heat transfer performance

Lapachol is a natural naphthoquinone with several significant biological activities. This study aims to analyze the longitudinal distribution of lapachol in four species of Handroanthus spp. The Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl.) S. O. Grose and Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. Ex DC.) Mattos species showed higher yields of lapachol than Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos and the Handroanthus capitatus

This paper examined the potential of reducing the hygroscopicity of pine wood treated with chitosan polymer. Chitosan is considered to be one of the most widely used materials having the major advantage of the existence of modifiable positions in its chemical structure (amino and hydroxyl groups). The Hailwood–Horrobin model was applied in order to determine the sorption isotherms. The analysis revealed

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an important engineered wood product manufactured by bonding veneers together in grain direction. To understand the effect of lathe checks on the mechanical performance, three types of LVL with different assembling approaches of layering by taking into account the veneer lathe checks, namely loose-loose (LL), tight-tight (TT) and loose-tight (LT), were manufactured

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the effects of various OSB-strand modifications on physical and mechanical properties of strand board. Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) strands were acetylated using acetic anhydride or thermally modified at 180 °C using atmospheric pressure and superheated steam environment. Strand boards made of acetylated strands (Acet), thermally modified strands (TM)

The main goal of this study was to investigate the amounts of hydrophilic extractives in bark and wood samples of black locust stem (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Six adult trees were included in the present investigation. Samples were taken from each felled trunk at four different heights. Material was extracted with a mixture of acetone and water, and the hydrophilic extractives were, then, qualitatively

This study focused on wood distortion of boards sawn from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees grown in uneven-aged stands. The stands were multi-aged with tree ages up to 170 years. In total, 60 trees were harvested from six stands that had been managed by single-tree selection for decades. A butt log and a top log were sawn from each tree, both 2.5 m long. Wood deformations were measured

Beech wood, due to its properties, is one of the most versatile and successfully used construction materials. The wood properties could even be improved, and among different wood modification processes, the thermal modification approach is usually considered as an environment-friendly technology based only on the heat and water application during wood treatment. Changes in material properties resulting

The characteristic value of compressive strength parallel to the grain is used to design structural members in bridges, houses and buildings. Such value is obtained based on experimental tests. The Brazilian standard proposes equations to estimate the strengths by means of probabilistic equations that allow obtaining the characteristic values of different mechanical strengths, such as the compressive

Fluorides are well-known as wood preservatives. One of the limitations of fluoride-based wood preservatives is their high leachability. Alternative to current fluoride salts such as NaF used in wood protection are low water-soluble fluorides. However, impregnation of low water-soluble fluorides into wood poses a challenge. To address this challenge, low water-soluble fluorides like calcium fluoride

Lightweight panels, as an eco-friendly element for furniture manufacturing, offer several potential market and production opportunities for many secondary woodworking companies. In this study, the perceptions of Iranian furniture manufacturers were evaluated by means of ANP-based multi-type questionnaires, regarding the conditions and requisite features of lightweight panels in furniture manufacturing

The main goal of this paper was to examine whether image processing can be an effective tool in automatic quality control systems for furniture manufacturing, at least in cases where delamination is a key problem. Image processing turned out to be a very effective way of delamination factor monitoring. Moreover, the research analyzed the quality effect of up or down milling of melamine-faced MDF. The

Industrial wastewater is currently a big challenge for authorities due to its environmental issues when disposed to the ecosystem. From an economic perspective and long treatment time, it is yet more reasonable to recover and reuse wastewater in industries. In this work, the wastewater from an ion exchange resin regeneration process was directly and without any further treatment reused in the wood

Manufacture of green building materials has been increasing recently. There are many scientific publications related to lignocellulosic waste incorporation in Portland cement systems, but only few research works on the waste recovery in alkali-activated binders can be found. Alkali-activated materials could be a choice of ecological and renewable materials due to good durability, as well as mechanical

Individual and batch analyses were examined for creosote-treated Pinus sylvestris poles. Retentions were slightly higher in combined analyses, but within natural population variations. Batch analysis provided a good guide to retention, but no data on within-batch variability.

For the Paulownia Clone in vitro 112 hybrid to be used in the wood industry, it is necessary to know its basic properties. Its air dry density of 231 kg/m3 is nearly 20% lower than that of Paulownia tomentosa. Its average compressive strength is 19.9 MPa, its shear strength is 4.1 MPa, the static modulus of rupture (MOR) is 32.3 MPa, and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) is 3800 MPa. Its volumetric shrinkage

For beech bark (Fagus sylvatica), specific gravity was measured by means of pycnometer and by water immersion. The pycnometer was suitable for measurement of all analysed sample types. Water immersion method could only be applied to beech wood, whole and inner beech bark. Specific gravities of whole beech bark (0.58 ± 0.04), inner beech bark (0.57 ± 0.05) and outer beech bark (0.75 ± 0.06) differed

The wettability of a freshly cut wood surface will change over time, which is denoted as natural ageing. Water contact angle measurements indicated that the thermal modification of European beech reduces its wettability, but does not affect the rate at which the contact angle increases within a 4-week period. A plasma treatment of fresh wood surfaces enhanced the wettability and equaled the wettability

Abstract Nailplated timber trusses are widely used in residential housing. However, there is limited evidence of use or research on the application of nailplated trusses in exposed environments. It is common knowledge to the nailplated truss industry that weather-exposed trusses experience a phenomenon referred to as “nailplate backout”, where the nailplates separate from the timber surface due to

Abstract This work aims to apply photonic-crystal-based nanocoatings with unusual aesthetical orientation to wood application. Structural colors are currently a formula to achieve those colorful coatings including nonfading properties. They can be produced from self-assembled colloidal spheres into photonic crystals, which possess particular optical properties. Herein, photonic crystals with iridescent

Abstract The present study analyses the moisture performance of nine wood species and wood-based materials determined in various laboratory and field trials to identify the method with the highest predictive power and determine the correlation between respective measurements. The moisture performance of wood and wood-based products has been recognised (besides inherent wood resistance) as the second

Abstract This paper experimentally evaluates the embedment strength of laminated veneer lumbers (LVL) and cross-banded laminated veneer lumbers (LVL-C) manufactured from blending spotted gum (Corymbia citriodora) or white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) veneers with hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) veneers. Nominal 3.0 mm thick veneers were rotary peeled from small diameter (less than 30 cm)

Abstract The study examines the degree of deviation from the nominal size of the produced open full-width mortise and tenon joint elements for their optimal pairing based on the measured thickness and gap width data. The characteristics of the measuring devices used were analysed by the repeatability and reproducibility test. The compressive strength of the single-glued joints (where only the surfaces

Abstract Tree bark is an interesting source for various building and furniture materials. It holds a high number of volatile components—resulting in emissions whose effects on building residents have to be considered. Spruce and larch barks were dried using different methods and prepared as loose particles and panels. The VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions after 3 and 14 days were measured in

Abstract Although Papua New Guinea (PNG) has a rich and diverse forest cover, there is limited information on processing characteristics for plantations and regrowth forests available. Consequently, the PNG timber processing industry is restricted to a few species, producing low-quality products, which limits opportunities for the processors. Sound knowledge of machining characteristics based on some

Abstract In recent years, synthesis of nanoparticles using vegetal extract has gained much interest in nanobiotechnology. The aim of this study is the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate using spruce (Picea abies L.) bark as a bioresource of cost-effective nonhazardous reducing and stabilizing compounds. The effects of various parameters such as concentration of reactants

Abstract Nowadays, wood-based panel producers intend to lower costs by decreasing the pressing time and reducing resin consumption. Therefore, the aim of this work is to understand the influence of the pressing operating conditions (pressing time and pressing program) on the performance of particleboards (PBs) bonded with a UF resin (alkaline–acid process). For this purpose, several trials were carried

Abstract An optimized method of headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (HS/SPME-GC/FID) was used to discriminate between larch wood originated from Central Europe and larch wood from Siberia. Variability in the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) between both larches were found, as well as in intensities of volatiles in chromatograms

Abstract Combinations of engineered bamboo with wood or even steel substrates have generated increasing attention and research in construction industries around the world. This paper took an experimental study on the bonding properties of engineered bamboo-steel epoxy adhesive joints strengthened and repaired with resin pre-coating (RPC) and carbon nanotube (CNT) surface treatments. The RPC method

Abstract Collapse-prone timbers such as species of Eucalyptus are poorly utilised due to low conversion rates that necessitate long pre-drying times. A supercritical CO2 lumen water expulsion pre-treatment prior to kiln drying is proposed to bypass lengthy pre-drying. After drying (air, kiln or oven drying), shrinkage, collapse, washboard depression and checking of Eucalyptus nitens were determined

To reduce the cost of nano copper oxide (CuO) modified phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin, the PF resin synthesis and the preparation of the nano CuO were carried out simultaneously in one system. The modified PF resins were evaluated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS), and thermogravimetry

The vertical density profile (VDP) of thermo-hydro-mechanically (THM) densified wood is a result of the combined effect of process parameters and properties of unmodified wood. The effect of thermosetting resins on VDP of THM densified wood has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effect of methylated melamine–formaldehyde (MF) resin impregnation along with