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Effect of side-chain length in lignin model compound on MnO2 oxidation: comparison of oxidations between C6-C2- and C6-C1-type compounds J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-04-07 Shirong Sun, Tomoya Yokoyama
Monomeric C6-C2-type lignin model compounds with a p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S), or p-ethylphenyl (E) nucleus (1-phenylethanol derivatives) were individually oxidized by MnO2 at a pH of 1.5 and room temperature. The results were compared with those of the corresponding C6-C1-type benzyl alcohol derivatives obtained in our recent report to examine the effect of the presence of the
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Effects of microwave irradiation on the moisture content of various wood chip fractions obtained from different tree species J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Monika Aniszewska, Krzysztof Słowiński, Ewa Tulska, Witold Zychowicz
The paper proposes the use of microwave irradiation to lower the initial moisture content of wood chips. The study involved willow and fir chips fractionated by means of a sieve separator and unfractionated ash chips. The wood chips were exposed to a constant microwave power of 800 W for 30 s, 60 s, 120 s and 180 s. The chips were weighed before and after irradiation to measure loss of moisture. It
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Heat transfer, physiological responses, and subjective perceptions during short contact time with wood or other materials J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-03-31 Yuko Tsunetsugu, Masaki Sugiyama
This study investigates the physiological responses and subjective perceptions of touching wood. In particular, it focuses on their respective relationships with the amount of heat transfer across the hand–material interface during contact. The study participants included 55 university students (20 females and 35 males) who gave written informed consent. The participants’ blood pressure, pulse rate
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The effect of oil heat treatment on biological, mechanical and physical properties of bamboo J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-03-25 Xiaomeng Hao, Qiuyi Wang, Yihua Wang, Xin Han, Chenglong Yuan, Yu Cao, Zhichao Lou, Yanjun Li
Bamboo is now widely used in construction, papermaking, textile, furniture and other fields because of its renewable, fast-growing, high-strength, high-yield and easy processing. However, compared with wood, bamboo and bamboo products are more vulnerable to damage by fungi and pests. An effective and eco-friendly method is urgently needed to improve their physical and chemical properties, decay resistance
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Characterization of dual nano-size effects of ACC-cellulose nanofibrils on crystallization behavior of hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol) J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-03-20 Gento Ishikawa, Tetsuo Kondo
This study attempts to clarify thermodynamic quantification on interaction between poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and wood-derived cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) obtained by aqueous counter collision (ACC) method. Aqueous mixtures of PVA/ACC-CNFs with various fiber widths were cast as the target materials. The interfacial interactions between the two components were characterized through thermodynamic evaluation
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Climatic influence on tree wood anatomy: a review J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-03-16 Sudip Pandey
Wood anatomical traits of xylem are the characteristics of tree rings at cellular and subcellular scales providing important insights on structural features and their linkage to the environment. Therefore, studying the relationship between anatomical traits and environmental changes not only provide physiological explanations, but also provide a new vision of studying the adaptation process and response
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Shear strength properties of hybrid (hinoki cypress and Japanese cedar) cross-laminated timber J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-03-10 Seiichiro Ukyo, Atsushi Miyatake, Kenta Shindo, Yasushi Hiramatsu
In this study, the out-of-plane shear strength of hybrid cross-laminated timber (CLT) with outer layers of hinoki (hinoki cypress, Chamaecyparis obtusa) and inner layers of sugi (Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica) is investigated for four different layer configurations. To investigate the influence from rolling shear properties of cross layers on the shear strength of CLT, stress analysis was conducted
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Intra-annual dynamics of cambial and xylem phenology in subalpine conifers at Deogyusan National Park in the Republic of Korea J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-03-06 Jun-Hui Park, En-Bi Choi, Hong-Chul Park, Na-Yeon Lee, Jeong-Wook Seo
Subalpine conifers are highly sensitive to climatic changes. In these trees, the intra-annual dynamics of cambial activity and phenological process in xylem development are closely associated with climatic conditions. However, these scientific findings have not been verified for subalpine conifers in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, we initiated such a study with four subalpine conifers, viz. Abies
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Low-formaldehyde emission composite particleboard manufactured from waste chestnut bur J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Jiayin Liang, Jiabiao Wu, Jianying Xu
Chestnut bur is an agro-waste material generated in the chestnut production. It is a tannin-rich lignocellulosic material which might be a promising raw material for low-formaldehyde composite particleboard production when using urea–formaldehyde (UF) as bonding adhesive. In this study, the characteristics of chestnut bur were analyzed to assess its application value for composite panel. Five-type
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Thermal properties of wood measured by the hot-disk method: comparison with thermal properties measured by the steady-state method J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Kei Maeda, Yuko Tsunetsugu, Kohta Miyamoto, Tatsuya Shibusawa
The hot-disk method is a transient method for the measurement of thermal properties. This method can measure both the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity in a short time for isotropic materials. To establish a method for measuring the thermal properties of wood by the hot-disk method, the relationship between the thermal properties of wood obtained by the hot-disk method and those obtained
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Effect of delignification on thermal degradation reactivities of hemicellulose and cellulose in wood cell walls J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Jiawei Wang, Eiji Minami, Mohd Asmadi, Haruo Kawamoto
The thermal degradation reactivities of cellulose and hemicellulose are substantially different in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, a softwood) and Japanese beech (Fagus crenata, a hardwood). Uronic acid and its salts act as acid and base catalysts, respectively, and their specific placement in the cell walls has been considered a factor that influences degradation reactivity. In this study, the
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Evaluation of image partitioning strategies for preserving spatial information of cross-sectional micrographs in automated wood recognition of Fagaceae J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 Sung-Wook Hwang, Junji Sugiyama
Although wood cross sections contain spatiotemporal information regarding tree growth, computer vision-based wood identification studies have traditionally favored disordered image representations that do not take such information into account. This paper describes image partitioning strategies that preserve the spatial information of wood cross-sectional images. Three partitioning strategies are designed
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Factors affecting the cesium transfer factor to shiitake (Lentinula edodes) cultivated in sawdust medium J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Masakazu Hiraide
The transfer factor (TF) of radioactive cesium-137 (137Cs) to shiitake (Lentinula edodes) cultivated on bed logs varies greatly. Therefore, the present study investigated which factors affect the TF using stable cesium-133 (133Cs) and sawdust medium with 5% rice bran as a model, which had similar 133Cs TFs to bed-log cultivation. It was found that the Cs concentration and nutrient concentration (represented
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Extractives elucidation of Taiwania cryptomerioides sapwood J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Nai-Wen Tsao, Shih-Chang Chien, Yueh-Hsiung Kuo, Sheng-Yang Wang
Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata) has long been regarded as a living fossil from the Tertiary period of Mesozoic Era for its distinguished yellowish-red color with purplish-pink streaks presented in its heartwood. With this elegant appearance that matches the color “red” for good fortune in the Taiwanese culture, Taiwania is supposed to be a popular wood in Taiwan where it is a native species
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Effects of an innovative densification process on mechanical and physical properties of beech and Norway spruce veneers J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Alex Cencin, Michela Zanetti, Tiziana Urso, Alan Crivellaro
Increased wood density is obtained by compressing the wood porous structure under suitable moisture and temperature conditions to improve its physical, mechanical and color properties. A recently proposed wood densification method based on partial removal of lignin and hemicellulose in hot water solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphite has shown promising results on solid wood. However, its
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Flexural anisotropy of rift-sawn softwood boards induced by the end-grain orientation J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 Sung-Wook Hwang, Hiroshi Isoda, Takafumi Nakagawa, Junji Sugiyama
Inspired by the use of rift-sawn softwood board for covering curved surfaces in Kokerabuki, a traditional Japanese roofing method, we investigated the flexural anisotropy of wood caused by its end-grain orientation. We measured the flexural displacement of softwood species, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica, and hardwood species, Populus suaveolens and Cerasus serrulata. For the softwood
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Effects of microwave pretreatment on drying of 50 mm-thickness Chinese fir lumber J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 Xiang Weng, Yongdong Zhou, Zongying Fu, Xin Gao, Fan Zhou, Jinghui Jiang
Low permeability of wood causes problems during drying of timber. This study evaluated the effects of microwave (MW) pretreatment on the conventional drying behavior and mechanical damages of Chinese fir lumber. MW pretreatment of lumber was performed at applied MW energy of 43 kWh/m3, and then, the samples were dried in a laboratory drying kiln. The results showed that the drying rate was effectively
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Comparative studies on wood structure and microtensile properties between compression and opposite wood fibers of Chinese fir plantation J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-02-09 Zhu Li, Tianyi Zhan, Michaela Eder, Jiali Jiang, Jianxiong Lyu, Jinzhen Cao
The microtensile properties of mechanically isolated compression wood (CW) and opposite wood (OW) tracheids of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) were investigated and discussed with respect to their structure. Major differences in the tensile modulus and ultimate tensile stress were found between CW and OW fibers. Compared to OW, CW showed a larger cellulose microfibril angle, less cellulose content
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Microbiological community structure on logs used for groynes in a riverbank system J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 Nanako Ishiyama, Sakae Horisawa, Tadashi Hara, Makoto Yoshida, Ikuo Momohara
It is important for civil engineering applications to investigate resistance to wood decay in aqueous environments. DNA from microorganisms inhabiting logs (groynes) that had been used for about 15 years as a water control system to prevent riverbank erosion was extracted and the microbial community structure was examined. DNA was extracted from specimens in four sections, above and under the water
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Air permeability and sound absorption coefficient changes from ultrasonic treatment in a cross section of Malas (Homalium foetidum) J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-31 Chun-Won Kang, Eun-Suk Jang, Nam-Ho Lee, Sang-Sik Jang, Min Lee
We investigated the effect of ultrasonic treatment on Malas (Homalium foetidum) gas permeability and sound absorption coefficient using the transfer function method. Results showed a longitudinal average Darcy permeability constant of 2.02 (standard deviation SD 0.72) for untreated wood and 6.15 (SD 3.07) for ultrasound-treated wood, a permeability increase of 3.04 times. We also determined the average
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Comprehensive analysis of the isozyme composition of laccase derived from Japanese lacquer tree, Toxicodendron vernicifluum J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-26 Mariko Takano, Masaya Nakamura, Masanobu Tabata
We performed an analysis using isoelectric focusing to comprehensively clarify the isozyme composition of laccase derived from Japanese lacquer tree, Toxicodendron vernicifluum. When water extracts of acetone powder obtained from lacquer were subjected to isoelectric focusing, five bands within pI 7.35–9.30 and nine bands within pI 3.50–5.25 were detected using Coomassie staining. Similarly, laccase
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Study on the strength of glued laminated timber beams with round holes: difference in structural performance between homogeneous-grade and heterogeneous-grade timber J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Shigefumi Okamoto, Nobuhiko Akiyama, Yasuhiro Araki, Kenji Aoki, Masahiro Inayama
Various design codes and design proposals have been proposed for glued laminated timber beams with round holes, assuming that the entire beam is composed of homogeneous-grade timber. However, in Japan, glued laminated timber composed of homogeneous-grade timber is rarely used for beams. In this study, the difference in the load-bearing capacity of glued laminated beams composed of homogeneous-grade
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An attempt to unify the Brinell, Janka and Monnin hardness of wood on the basis of Meyer law J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Grzegorz Koczan, Zbigniew Karwat, Paweł Kozakiewicz
This work concerns basic research on the concept of wood hardness in a sense similar to Brinell or in the modified sense of Monnin. The experimental part of this article is based on research carried out on beech wood with six indenters: three ball indenters of 10, 15 and 30 mm and three cylindrical indenters of 10, 15 and 30 mm. On the basis of measurements for a wide range of loads, relations analogous
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Measuring density and Young’s modulus of a log through the vibration test without measuring its weight J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Yoshitaka Kubojima, Satomi Sonoda, Hideo Kato
This study examines a simple estimation method for the measurement of the mass of an on-site log through a vibration test. In this method, rather than the log itself, a cut end portion is weighed. For this purpose, the vibration method with additional mass (VAM) was applied to Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) circular truncated cones (model log) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)
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Utilization of Chinese fast-growing trees and the effect of alternating lamination using mixed-species eucalyptus and poplar veneers J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Koji Murata, Mao Nakano, Kaoru Miyazaki, Norihiko Yamada, Yoshihiro Yokoo, Kuniharu Yokoo, Kenji Umemura, Masashi Nakamura
Over the past few decades, the sustainable forest area in China has increased remarkably, with 2400 million cubic meters of eucalyptus produced in 2018 in Guangxi which is the largest plantation area in China. In this study, the effect of alternating lamination using soft poplar veneers and hard eucalyptus veneers, on the mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL), was examined. Eucalyptus
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Wind-induced vibration performance of early Chinese hall-style timber buildings J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Yidan Han, Qing Chun, Hui Jin
Traditional Chinese timber buildings are lightweight, flexible, and quite vulnerable to wind. This paper aims to present a methodology for evaluating the wind-induced vibration performance of early Chinese hall-style timber buildings based on numerical simulations. First, the architectural and structural characteristics of early Chinese hall-style timber buildings were presented and analyzed. It is
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Location of uronic acid group in Japanese cedar and Japanese beech wood cell walls as evaluated by the influences of minerals on thermal reactivity J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Jiawei Wang, Eiji Minami, Haruo Kawamoto
The thermal reactivities of cellulose and hemicellulose are significantly different in cell walls when compared with isolated components and differ in Japanese cedar (softwood) and Japanese beech (hardwood). Uronic acid bound to xylan promotes the thermal degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, and its effect is different depending on the form of free acid (acting as an acid catalyst) or metal
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Eccentric compression behavior of long poplar columns externally reinforced by BFRP J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Ling Zhou, Qing Liu, Shengqiang Ma, Xia Han
The column, which is the vertical main structural part of the building, bears the force transmitted from the upper beam and slab and is a crucial part of the structure. In this study, the columns with a rectangular section cut from poplar were reinforced by basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) strips with four different reinforced configurations. The mechanical behaviors of the specimens were also
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Fuel and material utilization of a waste shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushroom bed derived from hardwood chips I: characteristics of calorific value in terms of elemental composition and ash content J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Noboru Sekino, Zhuoqiu Jiang
To understand the fuel characteristics of a waste shiitake mushroom bed derived from hardwood chips, the moisture content at the time of disposal and after 1 month, as well as its calorific value, ash content, and elemental composition, were investigated. The moisture content on a wet basis (MCw) was 78% at the time of disposal and was as high as 63% even 1 month after disposal. It is considered that
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Utilization of enzymatic hydrolysate from corn stover as a precursor to synthesize an eco-friendly adhesive for plywood II: investigation of appropriate manufacturing conditions, curing behavior, and adhesion mechanism J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Zhongyuan Zhao, Di Wu, Caoxing Huang, Min Zhang, Kenji Umemura, Qiang Yong
In this study, further research on an enzymatic hydrolysate-ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (EHADP) adhesive was carried out. Appropriate hot pressing conditions were clarified by measuring the bond strength of three-ply plywood bonded with EHADP adhesive, and the results indicated that the appropriate fabricate conditions were 170 °C and 5 min. The value of wet shear strength fulfilled the requirements
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Using phosphate to increase feeding consumption in termite Coptotermes formosanus J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Hiroto Suhara
Termites are ecologically significant in positive and negative ways; their role in breaking down debris greatly benefits forest environments, but this activity renders them a pest in domestic environments. This study examines the effect of nutrition on the feeding preference of termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Among 11 nutrition options tested, dipotassium phosphate (DKP) most significantly
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Force–displacement relations of bolted timber joints with slotted-in steel plates parallel to the grain J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Yingyang Liu, Yixuan Wang, Yiming Zhang, Minghui Chen, Xizhe Nie
To study the force–displacement relations of bolted timber joints with slotted-in steel plates, we performed a monotonic loading test parallel to the grain on 24 specimens. The influences of the bolt diameter, timber thickness, and their ratio were considered. As shown by the test results, the joints had a high deformation capacity and experienced a linear stage, a stiffness degradation stage, a yield
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Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopic characterization of iron and carbon in iron-loaded Japanese cypress charcoal J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Takayuki Yamagishi, Shigeru Yamauchi, Kyoko Suzuki, Tsutomu Suzuki, Yasuji Kurimoto, Tsutomu Takayama, Yoichi Sakai
Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) wood powder impregnated with Fe3+ ions was carbonized using one-step and two-step procedures, and the iron-loaded charcoal was examined using Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the physicochemical states of iron and carbon after carbonization at various temperatures. In the one-step procedure, the Mössbauer spectra confirmed that charcoal carbonized
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Thermal insulation and hydrophobization of wood impregnated with silica aerogel powder J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Hong Chen, Yutian Zhang, Tuhua Zhong, Zhihui Wu, Xianxu Zhan, Jiaoyou Ye
The aim of the study was to develop a simple and cost-effective method to improve thermal insulation and hydrophobicity of wood. Herein, we attempted to use commercially available silica aerogel powders suspended in ethanol to treat the wood by a simple vacuum impregnation process. The effects of particle size (20 µm and 40 nm) of silica aerogels and the number of impregnation cycles (1, 3, and 5 cycles)
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Revisiting the mechanism of β-O-4 bond cleavage during acidolysis of lignin VII: acidolyses of non-phenolic C6-C2-type model compounds using HBr, HCl and H2SO4, and a proposal on the characteristic action of Br− and Cl− J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Qiaoqiao Ye, Tomoya Yokoyama
A non-phenolic C6-C2-type lignin model compound with the β-O-4 bond, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol (I), was acidolyzed in aqueous 82% 1,4-dioxane containing HBr, HCl, or H2SO4 with a concentration of 0.2 mol/L at 85 ℃ to examine the differences between these acidolyses. Compound I primarily converted to an enol ether compound, 1-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethene
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Prediction of withdrawal resistance for a screw in hybrid cross-laminated timber J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Sung-Jun Pang, Kyung-Sun Ahn, Seog Goo Kang, Jung-Kwon Oh
The aim of this study was to predict the withdrawal resistance of a screw in hybrid cross-laminated timber (CLT) composed of two types of lamina layers. A theoretical model to predict the withdrawal resistance was developed from the shear mechanism between a screw and the layers in hybrid CLT. The parameters for the developed model were the withdrawal stiffness and strength that occurs when a screw
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An experimental study on change of gas permeability depending on pore structures in three species (hinoki, Douglas fir, and hemlock) of softwood J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-11-07 Eun-Suk Jang, Jee-Hoon Yuk, Chun-Won Kang
The purpose of this study is to analyze the pore structure for the heartwood, intermediate wood, and sapwood sections in three species of softwood (hinoki, Douglas fir, and hemlock) and to investigate the correlation of gas permeability depending on pore structure. For this study, gas permeability and pore size were measured by capillary flow porometry, and classification of a novel method was performed
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In-depth studies on the modifying effects of natural ageing on the chemical structure of European spruce (Picea abies) and silver fir (Abies alba) woods J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Amir Ghavidel, Anna Scheglov, Volker Karius, Carsten Mai, Asghar Tarmian, Wolfgang Vioel, Viorica Vasilache, Ion Sandu
Wood is usually stable under relatively dry conditions but may still undergo slow deterioration. The type of deterioration and how these processes affect the wood are important questions that need consideration if old wooden structures are to be studied and properly preserved. The aim of this paper is to establish the main structural and morphological differences between new and naturally aged European
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Potential of sugi wood diterpenes as an Alzheimer's disease preventive and therapeutic drug by the β-amyloid toxicity reduction effect J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-10-31 Yoshie Yamaji, Tokumitsu Wakabayashi, Hisayoshi Kofujita
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, and neurological disorder from beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide is regarded as a cause of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the authors evaluate Aβ toxicity reduction effects of major diterpenes isolated from sugi wood by bioassay using Caenorhabditis elegans and examined its relationship with the antioxidative activity. Among the six kinds of sugi
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Inhibition of the harmful alga Microcystis aeruginosa by sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) bark J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Yuri Suzuki, Tomoyuki Johuchi, Hiromi Saijo, Koetsu Takahashi, Tatsuya Ashitani
To utilize woody waste for the inhibition of harmful algae, we examined the growth inhibitory activities of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) bark powder against Microcystis aeruginosa, which is a cyanobacteria species that causes algal blooms in lake or pond areas. The growth of M. aeruginosa was inhibited by the direct mixing of sugi bark powder into media in flasks. The inhibitory activity against M.
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Influence of wood anatomy on fiber orientation measurement obtained by laser scanning on five European species J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Benoît Besseau, Guillaume Pot, Robert Collet, Joffrey Viguier
In order to obtain high production rates of sawn timber, the sawmilling industry can use laser scanning, allowing knot detection and machine strength grading. In particular, laser scanners measure grain angle using the so-called tracheid effect on wood surface where an elliptic scattering of the laser light can be observed. This paper aims to describe the light scattering obtained by a laser beam projection
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Comparison of reliability evaluation methods between China and Canada standards for wood structures featuring duration of load J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Qiongyao Wu, Shuang Niu, Enchun Zhu
Duration of load (DOL) is a key factor in design of wood structures, which makes the reliability analysis of wood structures more complicated. The importance of DOL is widely recognized, yet the methods and models through which it is incorporated into design codes vary substantially by country/region. Few investigations of the effect of different model assumptions of DOL and other random variables
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Preliminary evaluation for quality of dimension lumber in four common softwoods in Mongolia J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 Murzabyek Sarkhad, Futoshi Ishiguri, Ikumi Nezu, Bayasaa Tumenjargal, Yusuke Takahashi, Bayartsetseg Baasan, Ganbaatar Chultem, Jyunichi Ohshima, Shinso Yokota
The quality of dimension lumber (2 by 4 lumber) was preliminarily investigated in four common Mongolian softwoods: Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Picea obovata Ledeb., and Larix sibirica Ledeb. to produce high quality dimension lumber for structural use. In total 61, 39, 67, and 37 pieces of lumber were prepared for Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata, and L. sibirica, respectively
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Experimental study of lateral resistance of bolted joints using Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) treated with resin impregnation J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Keita Ogawa, Satoshi Fukuta, Kenji Kobayashi
The development of wooden joints possessing high resistance performance has become an important issue for the construction of newer buildings. This study attempts to strengthen the lateral resistance of bolted joints using the previously reported plasticizing technique. This technique consists of two processing stages: incising the surface of the wood using an ultraviolet wavelength short-pulse laser
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Analysis of drying stresses in green-glued plywood of Bete (Mansonia Altissima) specie J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Valentin Makomra, René Oum Lissouck, Régis Pommier, Anh Phan Ngoc, Denys Breysse, Louis Denaud, Louis Max Ayina Ohandja
The wood veneer dried artificially before gluing for the manufacture of plywood generally suffers several damages (cracks, deformations), decreasing the competitiveness of the process and limiting the use of nervous species of wood. The proposed solution is to glue them at the green state. However, during the drying process, superficial and internal cracks are observed. These cracks appear when stresses
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Modifying elastic modulus of two-component polyurethane adhesive for structural hardwood bonding J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 S. Bockel, S. Harling, J. Konnerth, P. Niemz, G. Weiland, E. Hogger, F. Pichelin
Subject to this study is the modification of an experimental two-component polyurethane (2C PUR) as an alternative adhesive for structural hardwood bonding. The 2C PUR has been adapted by calcium carbonate as filler to increase its modulus of elasticity with the aim of increasing the modulus analogue to the ones typically observed for classic amino- and phenol based adhesives. The 2C PUR system was
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Determination of color-changing effects of bleaching chemicals on some heat-treated woods J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Memiş Akkuş, Mehmet Budakçı
The aim of this study was to use bleaching chemicals to remove the discoloration occurring on the surface of wood after heat treatment in order to restore the natural color of the wood. For this purpose, samples prepared from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.), Eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.), and Uludağ fir (Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.) were exposed to heat treatment
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Flow deformation characteristics of African blackwood, Dalbergia melanoxylon J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Kazushi Nakai, Soichi Tanaka, Kozo Kanayama, Tsuyoshi Yoshimura
African blackwood (ABW: Dalbergia melanoxylon) is a valuable tree in Tanzanian local community forests, and heartwood has been mainly utilized as an irreplaceable material in musical instruments, e.g., clarinet, oboe and piccolo. Since its use is generally for the production of musical instruments only, most of the harvested volume is wasted due to defects that would affect the quality of final products
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Age-dependent and radial sectional differences in the dynamic viscoelastic properties of bamboo culms and their possible relationship with the lignin structures J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Yoko Okahisa, Keisuke Kojiro, Hatsuki Ashiya, Takeru Tomita, Yuzo Furuta, Masaomi Yamamura, Toshiaki Umezawa
Age is an important factor that dictates bamboo’s mechanical properties. In Japan, bamboo plants aged 3–5 years are selected for use as materials because of their robustness and decorative or craft-friendly characteristics. In this study, the age-dependent and radial sectional differences in bamboo’s dynamic viscoelastic properties in relation to lignin structural variation, were evaluated. We used
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Optimization of processing parameters for the manufacturing of jute stick binderless particleboard J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Ireen Parvin Nitu, Md Nazrul Islam, Md Ashaduzzaman, Md Khairul Amin, Md Iftekhar Shams
This study investigated the effects of processing parameters, namely particle mixing ratios, press temperatures, and time for the manufacturing of jute stick binderless particleboard (JBPB). Different ratios of fine and coarse particles, press temperature (160 to 240 °C) and press time (4 to 10 min) were used for JBPB fabrication with a target density of 0.9 g/cm3. The dimensional stability and mechanical
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Effects of residual lignin and cellulose swelling on the rate of enzymatic saccharification of softwood and hardwood acid sulfite pulps J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Keishi Tanifuji, Akiko Nakagawa-izumi, Hiroshi Ohi
We estimated the effect of residual lignin and pulp swelling on the rate of enzymatic saccharification to increase production of ethanol from acid sulfite pulp (SP) by means of enzymatic treatment. The resolution ratio of hardwood (Acacia mearnsii) SP after the enzymatic treatment was lower compared to softwood (Larix leptolepis) SP even though lignin content of hardwood SP was lower. The pyrolysis–gas
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Effects and interaction of different interior material treatment and personal preference on psychological and physiological responses in living environment J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Minkai Sun, Taisuke Nakashima, Yuri Yoshimura, Akiyoshi Honden, Toshinori Nakagawa, Hiromi Saijo, Yuichiro Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Ajimi, Shinji Yasunari, Yuki Yamada, Jun Nagano, Tsuyoshi Okamoto, Hiroya Ishikawa, Koichiro Ohnuki, Noboru Fujimoto, Kuniyoshi Shimizu
Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) wood is widely used as a traditional construction material in Japan. The relationship between an individual’s perceived comfort level and a preference for Japanese cedar wood interiors is of interest. We compared volunteers’ physiological responses and subjective evaluations of wooden dwelling spaces with different wood materials: planed Japanese cedar lumber,
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Cross-polarization dynamics and conformational study of variously sized cellulose crystallites using solid-state 13C NMR J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Kazuho Daicho, Shuji Fujisawa, Kayoko Kobayashi, Tsuguyuki Saito, Jun Ashida
Cellulose forms crystalline fibrils, via biosynthesis, that can be just a few nanometers wide. The crystallinity is a structural factor related to material performance. Recently, many routes to isolate these fibrils as nanocellulose have been developed, and there exist various types of nanocellulose with different crystallinities. Quantitative assessment of the crystallinity of nanocellulose is thus
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Color change and termite resistance of fast-growing tropical woods treated with kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) smoke J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-11 Yusuf Sudo Hadi, Muh Yusram Massijaya, Dodi Nandika, Wa Ode Muliastuty Arsyad, Imam Busyra Abdillah, Loedy Setiono, Yahya Amin
Smoke treatment can be used to enhance wood resistance to subterranean termite attack. In this study, kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) wood was pyrolyzed to produce charcoal. The smoke produced as a by-product of pyrolysis was used to treat sengon (Falcataria moluccana), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), mangium (Acacia mangium), and pine (Pinus merkusii) wood samples for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Following the smoke
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Influence of assemble patterns on bonding strength of glued bamboo J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Yu Zheng, Bao-long Yi, Ya-qi Tong, Zhen-zhen Peng
As a kind of natural composite material, the outer side of bamboo was quite different from its inner side in microscopic structure and mechanical properties. In order to research the effect of these differences on bonding strength of glued bamboo, bamboo strips were bonded by three different forms: outer side to outer side, outer side to inner side and inner side to inner side. Shear strength results
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Anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties of four pioneer species in Malaysia J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 H. Hamdan, A. S. Nordahlia, U. M. K. Anwar, M. Mohd Iskandar, M. K. Mohamad Omar, Tumirah K
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties of four pioneer species, i.e., batai (Paraserianthes moluccana), ludai (Sapium baccatum), mahang (Macaranga gigantea), and sesendok (Endospermum malaccense). Correlation of factors influencing density, shrinkage, and mechanical properties were also discussed. Samples were obtained from the Forest Research Institute
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Energetics of the distribution of cell wall in wood based on an eigenvalue analysis J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Harusa Tsutsumi, Hirokazu Haga, Takaaki Fujimoto
Wood is a highly heterogeneous material characterized by a number of properties that vary significantly among samples. Even in woods of the same density, substantial differences in properties show up depending on the distribution pattern of their cell walls. With the aim of deep understanding of the wood variation, we examine this pattern from the physical perspectives using samples of the same density
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A catechol-type lignan and neolignans are specifically present in the seed coat of tung trees J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-08-08 Toshisada Suzuki, Yuma Onishi, Ayako Katagi, Tae-Wook Kim, Takeshi Katayama
The tung tree produces large seeds with approximately 40–50% of their composition consisting of non-edible oil. α-Eleostearic acid makes up about 80% of tung oil, while linoleic acid and oleic acid make up 7 and 6%, respectively. The oil is readily oxidized due to the three, conjugated double bonds in α-eleostearic acid; however, it is stable inside the tung seed, which is expected to contain strong
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Simultaneous manipulation of lignin structure and secondary cell wall formation in transgenic poplar J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Nabuqi, Nuoendagula, Sejirihu Wu, Naoki Takata, Shingo Sakamoto, Masanobu Yamamoto, Mikiko Uesugi, Annabelle Déjardin, Gilles Pilate, Toru Taniguchi, Nobutaka Mitsuda, Shinya Kajita
Increasing the wood density to a preferred range contributes to upgrading the value of wood as raw material. Lignin manipulation can also improve wood quality. This study attempted to accelerate secondary cell wall formation in transgenic poplar with an altered lignin structure. To achieve this, OsSWN1, a rice master switch for secondary cell wall formation in fiber cells, was overexpressed in poplar
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A comparative study of morphological characteristics of medium-density fiberboard dust by sieve and image analyses J. Wood Sci. (IF 1.333) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Tao Ding, Jiafeng Zhao, Nanfeng Zhu, Chengming Wang
Sanding dust is the main source of dust emission during the manufacturing process of medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and particle size and shape characteristics are the fundamental properties influencing its environmental influence and handling behaviors. However, there are few deep and comprehensive researches on the morphology of MDF sanding dust. In this study, the morphological characteristics
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