Traditional fire smoke detection methods mostly rely on manual algorithm extraction and sensor detection; however, these methods are slow and expensive to achieve discrimination. We proposed an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) to achieve fast analysis. The improved CNN can be used to liberate manpower. The network does not require complicated manual feature extraction to identify forest

Fires are an important factor impacting forest ecosystems of Daxing’anling and have a significant effect on soil microbial community structure. In this study, high-throughput sequencing for 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA were applied to analyze the changing characteristics and driving factors of bacterial and fungal community structures in burned areas with different fire severity. PICRUSt2 software was used

Change in land-use practices can result in major shifts in the cycling of various elements, particularly nitrogen (N), which is prone to anthropogenic perturbations. For quantifying these shifts, accurate measurements of rates of biogeochemical transformations of N are needed. We used the (15N) isotope dilution technique to understand the effects of the types of forest alteration on (N) transformation

As determined through 11 subcultures of Taxus cuspidata callus, the growth in FW and level of Taxol production were stable by the ninth generation.

The canopy of subtropical natural forests usually consists of several co-dominant populations (CDPs), which play a crucial role in forest structure, formation of the forest environment, and ecological function. However, little attention has been given to changes in spatial patterns in CDPs during natural succession. Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst., Quercus variabilis Blume, and Pinus yunnanensis

Chinquapin (Castanea henryi) is a dual-purpose tree species in China valued for as a source of timber and starch. We investigated the effect of four cutting mediums (pure vermiculite; peat:river sand at 3:1 v/v; peat:krasnozem at 1:1 v/v; and pure krasnozem) and three stem cutting periods (March, May, and July) on rooting performance of C. henryi cuttings. Different cutting periods and cutting mediums

Stocking and structural composition of a deciduous broad-leaved forest were determined to predict coarse woody debris quantity by quantifying the empirical relationships between these two attributes. The most ecologically significant families by stem density were Salicaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, and Aceraceae. Populus davidiana was the most dominant species followed by Betula dahurica, Quercus mongolica

We determined the response of tree community structure to logging disturbance and topography, and the patterns of tree-habitat associations in Tano Offin Forest Reserve, Ghana. We sampled trees in 27 20 m × 20 m plots randomly and equally distributed in three topographic habitats (slope, valley, and hilltop) in each of two forests: logged and unlogged. Two topographic features, altitude and degree

Understanding the effects of disturbance on seed rain is critical to predict changes in forest species composition and diversity. Logging effects on seed rain in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest complex in southern Brazil were evaluated. One year of seed rain data were collected from a large-scale observational experiment in logged and protected forests and quantity and average seed size weighted by

Forest management may have significant effects on forest connectivity and natural population sizes. Harvesting old-growth single trees may also change natural patterns of genetic variation and spatial genetic structure. This study evaluated the impacts of forest management using a silvicultural system of seed trees on the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC

Microtubules and their regulatory proteins are involved in the regulation of plant cell morphology. SPIRAL1 (SPR1), a plant-specific microtubule-binding protein, is critical in regulating the anisotropic growth of plant cells. Our previous study showed that overexpressed Salix SmSPR1 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana caused right-handed spiral elongation in etiolated seedlings, but there were no morphological

Transparent wood has potential application in intelligent building, solar cell, electronics, and other advanced materials, while its single functionability hinders its further development. Flexible transparent wood (FTW) was prepared by alkaline pretreatment and bleaching treatment of paulownia wood followed by impregnation of epoxy resin and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE). The effect of delignification

Spatial heterogeneity of fuel moisture content determines the spread rate and direction of a forest fire. Research on the spatial heterogeneity of the moisture content of dead fuel of Larix gmelinii Rupr. showed that: (1) fuel moisture content in litter layer < semi-humus layer < humus layer, and the coefficient of variation decreased with sampling depth; (2) the sill value of the semi-humus layer

Stochastic frontier analysis and quantile regression are the two econometric approaches that have been commonly adopted in the determination of the self-thinning boundary line or surface in two and higher dimensions since their introduction to the field some 20 years ago. However, the rational for using one method over the other has, in most cases, not been clearly explained perhaps due to a lack of

Water availability is a limiting factor for the establishment and development of forest species. To understand the appropriate conditions for the initial post-transplanting phase, it is necessary to understand the specific morphophysiological characteristics of the species, such as the leaf water potential and the efficiency of photosystem II. We aimed to identify the influence of different water regimes

Minquartia guianensis Aubl. is a slow-growing species with several uses. In the juvenile state, it is well-adapted to low light conditions of the forest understory. However, it is still unknown how climate variability affects transpiration of this species, particularly under drought stress. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of climatic variability on sap flow rates (SFR). SFR and radial

Somatic embryogenesis of Fraxinus mandshurica has the problems of low somatic embryo (SE) yield, unsynchronized SE development, and a high percentage of deformed SEs. We aimed to improve F. mandshurica SE production by synchronizing SE development, improving SE quality, and inducing root formation to obtain complete regenerated plants. Cotyledons of immature zygotic embryos of F. mandshurica were induced

Subtropical forest in China has received much attention due to its complex geologic environment and bioclimatic heterogeneity. There have been very few studies addressing which climatic factors have shaped both distribution patterns and niche differentiation of species from this region. It also remains unclear whether phylogenetic niche conservatism retains in plant species from this biodiversity-rich

We used the cotyledons and cotyledonary nodes of Toona ciliata (Chinese mahogany) as explants to examine callus and adventitious shoot induction when exposed to different ratios of hormones. We also investigated the effects of seedling age, inoculation method, and genotype on the efficient regeneration of T. ciliata. The results showed that different genotypes exhibited significantly different callus

To understand and improve the stability of the insecticidal activity of tobacco extract, the 3rd instar larvae of Malacosoma neustria testacea was determined by the leaf film method. Spectrophotometry identified extract effects on activities of several enzymes. In addition, to improve the stability of the extract, microcapsules were prepared by complex coacervation and phase separation with the extract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of LyPB on the intestinal microflora of giant pandas with indigestion, using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology. The species distribution and microfloral density and diversity before and after administration of the LyPB probiotic agent were analyzed. LyPB evidently has the ability to adjust the floral imbalance in the panda’s intestine. To test the

Evidence-based selective cutting at prescribed intervals as part of good forest management can enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of the forest. The effect of forest management on carbon sequestration has, however, not been quantified. Thus, carbon content of various organs was measured for 323 tree species, 247 shrub species, and 233 herb species in seven temperate coniferous and broad-leaved

We investigated the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) status of ten nurseries suitable for restoration of dry evergreen Afromontane forests in Ethiopia. We quantified AMF root colonization (RC) and spore abundance (SA) in seedlings of nine native tree species namely Acacia abyssinica Hochst. ex Benth., Cordia africana Lam., Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb., Hagenia abyssinica J.F. Gmel., Juniperus

Mulberry (Morus alba L.) seedlings were used to test hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a potential systemic messenger in photosynthetic induction. The upper leaf of mulberry was dark-adapted for 45 min and then illuminated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 1000 μmol m−2 s−1. Photosynthetic induction and H2O2 content in the lower leaf was measured. The results show that pre-illumination of

Considering the expansion of forest plantations over the Brazilian territory and the imminent increase in air temperatures due to global warming, the search for technologies that ensure high levels of productivity and high quality plants in clonal nurseries is essential. Applying kaolin-based particle films (KBPF) has been used as a physical barrier to reduce the negative effects of excessive solar

Fuel moisture content is one of the important factors that determine ignition probability and fire behaviour in forest ecosystems. In this study, ignition and fire spread moisture content thresholds of 40 dead fuel were performed in laboratory experiments, with a focus on the source of ignition and wind speed. Variability in fuel moisture content at time of ignition and during fire spread was observed

The decay rate of standing Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in natural forests can be as high as 50% and is likely influenced by the soil properties and nutrient and water status of the site. To clarify the relationship between the severity of tree decay and soil properties in order to prevent decay in a natural mixed forest in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains, wood strength of standing trees was nondestructively

To study the effect of manganese exposure on the herbivorous insect Lymantria dispar asiatica, fourth-instar larvae were fed a MnCl2-amended diet (LdMn) for 84 h (0.40 mmol MnCl2/g diet). Larvae were weighed before and after the diet administration to assess larval gain in mass under manganese exposure. The whole bodies of half of the survivors were ground in liquid nitrogen for measuring enzyme activities

Betula platyphylla is a native tree species in northern China that has high economic and medicinal value. We developed an efficient protocol for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in B. platyphalla from immature zygotic embryos and assessed the effects of explant type, genotype, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on embryogenic callus induction. Among the various explants evaluated, embryogenic

The Brazilian state of Acre has an extensive natural reserve of bamboo, making it one of the largest in loco gene banks. The aim of this study was to characterize the structure and genetic diversity of Guadua weberbaueri Pilg. in two populations, one native (FAPB) and the other anthropized (FAPBA), using ISSR markers. The results show that the FAPB population exhibited higher values for all estimates

As the energizing and therapeutic effects of infusions of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil) leaves are increasingly recognized, rising global consumption is also increasing the demand for plantlets with high genetic and morphological qualities. Mini-cuttings are an alternative for clonal plantlets; however, more details are needed on factors that affect the success of this technique. Here, toward

Populus euphratica Oliv., the Euphrates poplar, is the tallest tree species in the arid desert areas of Northwest China. Investigation of its drought-resistance genes is valuable to increase understanding of drought resistance mechanisms. RNA-seq of leaves and roots under drought simulation by 25% polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG 6000) were performed at 0, 4, and 12 h. Leaves and roots responded differently

To analyze the degree and pattern of phenotypic variation in leaves of Tetracentron sinense Oliv from the perspective of genetic and environmental adaptation and thus contribute to effective evidence-based conservation and management strategies for germplasm resources, we measured 17 morphological and epidermal micromorphological leaf traits from 24 natural populations of T. sinense. Nested analysis

This study evaluates the structure and regeneration status of woody species in the Munessa Forest, a dry Afromontane forest in southern Ethiopia. Vegetation data were collected using a systematic sampling method. Density and distribution of seedlings, saplings and mature trees were assessed along an altitudinal gradient using quadrats of different sizes. The number of individuals, frequencies, heights

Relationships between stem growth and climatic and edaphic factors, notably air temperatures and soil moisture for different slopes, are not completely understood. Stem radial variations were monitored at the bottom and top slope positions in a Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Total precipitation during the growing season in 2017 and 2018 was 566 mm and

The Araliaceae family consists of numerous species of medical plants of significant value as non-wood forest products. To conserve and culture these plants in natural forest stands is an important undertaking which should be implemented according to the relationship between forest structure and understory population. In this study, thirty-five plots were established in natural Aralia elata stands.

Because overexpression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (Vgb) gene in plants can enhance tolerance to waterlogging, here Vgb was inserted into Populus alba × glandulosa to investigate its expression and effects on growth and physiological responses to waterlogging stress in the transgenic poplars. Southern blotting and RT-PCR analysis of Vgb-transgenic P. alba × glandulosa showed that the Vgb gene was

Capturing leaf color variances over space is important for diagnosing plant nutrient and health status, estimating water availability as well as improving ornamental and tourism values of plants. In this study, leaf color variances of the Eurasian smoke tree, Cotinus coggygria were estimated based on geographic and climate variables in a shrub community using generalized elastic net (GELnet) and support

Secondary tropical forests sequester atmospheric CO2 at relatively faster rates in vegetation and in soil than old-growth primary forests. Spatial understanding of biomass and carbon stocks in different plant functional types of these forests is important. Structure, diversity, composition, soil features and carbon stocks in six distinct plant functional types, namely: Moist Mixed-Deciduous Forest

Effective disturbance indices for Hyrcanian forests in Kheyroud, Nowshahr, Iran were determined. The study area was divided into landscape mosaics based on ecosystem parameters including profile type, slope and elevation. Co-occurrence texture indices were derived as forest disturbance factors on the first five bands of Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI images for the prevailing wood harvest disturbance regimes

The determination of site productivity in forest ecosystems plays a crucial role in resource management. This study was carried out to identify relationships between site characteristics and height growth of Corsican maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) plantations in Turkey. Sixty-nine sample plots > 20 years of age were selected from locations with different inclinations, aspects, elevations, slope

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a species native to the eastern North America, was introduced to Europe probably in 1601 and currently extends over 2.3 × 106 ha. It has become naturalized in all sub-Mediterranean and temperate regions rivaling Populus spp. as the second most planted broadleaved tree species worldwide after Eucalyptus spp. This wide-spreading planting is because black locust

Studying diurnal variation in the moisture content of fine forest fuel (FFMC) is key to understanding forest fire prevention. This study established models for predicting the diurnal mean, maximum, and minimum FFMC in a boreal forest in China using the relationship between FFMC and meteorological variables. A spline interpolation function is proposed for describing diurnal variations in FFMC. After

Osmotic stress promotes somatic embryogenesis of Fraxinus mandshurica, which leads to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The single pieces of cotyledons of F. mandshurica were used as explants to induce somatic embryogenesis in osmotic-stress medium. Furthermore, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of explanted cells was varied by adding exogenous H2O2 or catalase solution to assess the

Deforestation and forest degradation are having profound negative impacts on social-ecological systems in the emerging economies across the tropics. Consequently, interest in restoring and rehabilitating degraded forests has been growing. This paper explores current issues related to addressing forest degradation in the Lancang-Mekong Region (LMR) of Southeast Asia through a review of the use of criteria

The carbon sink of boreal forests can be increased by paying forest landowners for carbon sequestration and taxing carbon releases. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of carbon pricing on optimal forest management when forests are managed for maximal discounted benefits from timber production and carbon payments. A 0.5% random sample of all private forest stands of Finland was used in the

Seedling quality is important for subtropical tree species endangered by the degradation of natural habitats in southern China. At present, the cultural regime for raising these seedlings involving fertilizer levels and size of container is not clear. In this study, seedlings of three endangered species, red-seed tree (Ormosia hosiei), Zhejiang phoebe (Phoebe chekiangensis), and Zhejiang camphor (Cinnamomum

Quantifying fine root (≤ 2.0 mm in diameter) distribution and turnover is essential for accurately estimating forest carbon budgets. However, fine root dynamics are poorly understood, possibly because of their inaccessibility. This study quantifies fine root distribution and turnover rates for five representative Chinese temperate forests types. Fine root number, diameter, biomass, necromass, production

Soil microbial biomass is an important indicator to measure the dynamic changes of soil carbon pool. It is of great significance to understand the dynamics of soil microbial biomass in plantation for rational management and cultivation of plantation. In order to explore the temporal dynamics and influencing factors of soil microbial biomass of Keteleeria fortunei var. cyclolepis at different stand

Estimating stand transpiration of natural forests using traditional methods through up-scaling of sap flux density from sample trees based on stand sapwood area only is difficult because of the complexity of species, ages, and hierarchical structure of natural forests. To improve stand transpiration estimation, we developed an up-scaling method by considering the tree dominance effect based on the

Zinc finger transcription factors play significant roles in the growth and development of plant and animal, but their function remains obscure in fungi. Lenzites gibbosa mycelia were extracted and sequenced by transcriptome analysis after growing on sawdust at different times to support mycelial growth of L. gibbosa in a nutrient matrix. Data bases used for analysis were the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes

We assessed the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation on salt stress tolerance in roots of the drought-tolerant plant Elaeagnus angustifolia. We studied a plant growth index, spore density and hyphal length density of AMF, the Na+ contents and ultrastructure of root cells, as well as rhizosphere soil enzyme activities of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal E

Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis Pers.) is an adaptable species widely growing in southern China. The symptoms of canker on stems of seedlings were discovered mid-July 2017 in Shuyang, Jiangsu Province. The diseased portions of the stems were dark brown due to discoloured xylem. Some seedlings showed symptoms of wilting, leaf fall, twig dieback, and tissue discolouration. The outbreak period was

Larix olgensis A.Henry is a fast-growing tree used for afforestation in northeastern China and has great ecological and economic value. For studying developmental genes in the xylem of this species, we investigated the Myb transcription factor family, one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, which plays an important role in the regulation of lignification in plant secondary walls

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is an important exotic tree species that was planted across a large part of Europe during the last century. In both experimental trials and conventional forest plantations, the trees grow at a high rate and produce high-quality timber. The present study investigated climate-growth relationships of Douglas-fir at two Italian sites that contrast in climate:

Once forests have achieved a full canopy, their growth rate declines progressively with age. This work used a global data set with estimates from a wide range of forest types, aged 20‒795 years, of their annual photosynthetic production (gross primary production, GPP) and subsequent above- plus below-ground biomass production (net primary production, NPP). Both GPP and NPP increased with increasing

Camptotheac acuminata Decne is a unique tree species in China with an important secondary metabolite, camptothecin (CPT), used in the treatment of cancer. Nitrogen (N) is an important element that affects plant growth and the accumulation of CPT. Reports on the effect of N on CPT synthesis from a genetic perspective are scarce. To explore the effects of different N sources and levels on CPT synthesis

Understanding the dynamics of soil carbon is crucial for assessing the soil carbon storage and predicting the potential of mitigating carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the biomass and soil. The present study evaluated variations of soil carbon stock in semi-arid forests in India under different moisture regimes. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks were determined in

This study evaluated boron diffusion from raw boron minerals ulexite and colemanite with low water solubility in comparison to disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT). Tests were conducted using sugi (Cryptomeria japonica (L.) f. D. Don) sapwood and heartwood blocks conditioned to 30, 60, and 90% target moisture content. The blocks were filled with the boron compounds through treatment holes and diffusion

Larch wood is structurally classified in many countries as one of conifers with the highest load-bearing capacity (strength class of C30). The Spanish visual classification regulation only assigns a strength class to 4 pine woods: Laricio pine (Pinus nigra Arn. var. Salzmannii), Silvestre pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), and Pinaster pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). This