Ecosystem service values (ESV) are strongly influenced by the vegetation cover, which is heterogeneous across different vegetation types. We develop a dynamic evaluation model of ESV for Wuyishan National Park Pilot adjusted by the rate of inflation and the fractional vegetation cover, which is calculated by an enhanced vegetation index from 2000 to 2018. The spatio-temporal variation of vegetation

Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting is a highly damaging leaf beetle foraging on willow leaves. In willow germplasm collections, observation has shown that Salix suchowensis Cheng was severely foraged by this leaf beetle while Salix triandra L. was damage free or only slightly damaged. Results of olfactometer bioassays show that the headspace volatiles from leaves of S. triandra significantly repelled

Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating global climate change by forming massive carbon sinks. Their carbon stocks and stock changes need to be quantified for carbon budget balancing and international reporting schemes. However, direct sampling and biomass weighing may not always be possible for quantification studies conducted in large forests. In these cases, indirect methods that use

Robinia pseudoacacia is an important afforestation tree introduced to China in 1878. In the present study, we examined the genetic diversity among 687 strains representing four improved varieties and two secondary provenances, comprising 641 clones and 46 seedlings. Ninety-one simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were selected through segregation analysis and polymorphism characterization, and all sampled

Understanding how soil fertility changes due to environmental conditions and stand-age-dependent forest attributes is important for local-scale forest restoration. We evaluated the effects of stand-age-dependent forest attributes (plant community composition and litter stock) on soil and technosol fertility across two second-growth Atlantic forests (SGF) after the deposition of mining tailings in Mariana

Planting trees along urban streets is one of the most important strategies to improve the urban thermal environment. However, the net impacts of urban street trees on human thermal comfort and physiological parameters are still less clear. On three similar east–west orientated streets with different degrees of tree cover—low (13%), medium (35%), and high (75%), urban microclimatic parameters and human

Fine roots are the most active and functional component of root systems and play a significant role in the acquisition of soil resources. Density is an important structural factor in forest plantations but information on changes in fine roots along a density gradient is limited. In this study, plantations of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) with four

Understanding the interaction between canopy structure and the parameters of interception loss is essential in predicting the variations in partitioning rainfall and water resources as affected by changes in canopy structure and in implementing water-based management in semiarid forest plantations. In this study, seasonal variations in rainfall interception loss and canopy storage capacity as driven

It is important to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen tolerance of trees in order to improve their productivity. In this study, both were evaluated for 338 Populus deltoides genotypes from six provenances. The plants were cultured under normal nitrogen (750 μM NH4NO3) and low nitrogen (5 μM NH4NO3) conditions for 3 months. Growth, chlorophyll content and glutamine synthetase activity of

In forest modeling to estimate the volume of wood, artificial intelligence has been shown to be quite efficient, especially using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Here we tested whether diameter at breast height (DBH) and the total plant height (Ht) of eucalyptus can be predicted at the stand level using spectral bands measured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral sensor and vegetation

Pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematodes is a deadly disease of the genus Pinus requiring strong quarantine measures. Since its discovery, it has been widely distributed throughout the world. China is one of the countries with a severe rate of infections due to its abundant pine resources. In this study, nematode-trapping fungi were collected from pine trees in Ninghai City, Zhejiang Province

The NAC transcription factor family is plant-specific with various biological functions. However, there are few studies on the NAC gene involving coniferous species. Bioinformatics research and expression analysis of NAC genes in Larix olgensis can be used to analyse the function of the NAC gene in the future. Screening of excellent genetic materials and molecular breeding have been utilized to cultivate

To promote the application of Trichoderma, many countries have collected Trichoderma resources. In the present study, nine isolates were isolated from a rhizosphere soil of Phellodendron amurense and were identified as three species: Trichoderma brevicompactum (one isolate), T. asperellum (two isolates), T. atroviride (six isolates). Dual culture experiments showed that T. asperellum T-Pa2 grew fast

Forests play a central role in the global carbon cycle. China's forests have a high carbon sequestration potential owing to their wide distribution, young age and relatively low carbon density. Forest biomass is an essential variable for assessing carbon sequestration capacity, thus determining the spatio-temporal changes of forest biomass is critical to the national carbon budget and to contribute

Species composition, structure, regeneration, and management status of Jorgo-Wato Forest (JWF) was studied. Number of individuals, diameter at breast height (dbh) and height of woody species (dbh ≥ 2.5 cm) were counted and measured in each plot. Group discussions with local farmers residing around JWF were carried out to understand the management of the JWF. Forest structural attributes were computed

In modeling forest stand growth and yield, crown width, a measure for stand density, is among the parameters that allows for estimating stand timber volumes. However, accurately measuring tree crown size in the field, in particular for mature trees, is challenging. This study demonstrated a novel method of applying machine learning algorithms to aerial imagery acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle

Two systems of additive equations were developed to predict aboveground stand level biomass in log products and harvest residue from routinely measured or predicted stand variables for Pinus radiata plantations in New South Wales, Australia. These plantations were managed under three thinning regimes or stand types before clear-felling at rotation age by cut-to-length harvesters to produce sawlogs

Forests produce several types of benefits to both forest landowners and society. The social benefit of private forestry is equal to private benefit plus positive externalities minus negative externalities. This study developed alternative metrics for the evaluation of the social benefit of forest management. Forest management was assessed in terms of five criteria: economic, socio-cultural, environmental

With changes in global climate and land use, the area of desertified farmland in southeastern Horqin Sandy Land (HSL) has increased in recent years, and farmlands are being abandoned. These abandoned farmlands (AFs) negatively impact the local ecology. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to select suitable trees and shrubs for those AFs to prevent and control the desertification tendency. In

Natural forces and anthropogenic activities greatly alter land cover, deteriorate or alleviate forest fragmentation and affect biodiversity. Thus land cover and forest fragmentation dynamics have become a focus of concern for natural resource management agencies and biodiversity conservation communities. However, there are few land cover datasets and forest fragmentation information available for the

Coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3h) genes participate in the synthesis of lignin and may affect the properties of wood that are important for its commercial value. A better understanding of the natural variation in C3h genes and their associations to wood properties is required to effectively improve wood quality. We used a candidate gene-based association mapping approach to identify CfC3h allelic variants

As forests in neotropical regions, particularly in developing countries, are devastated, interventions to restore biodiversity and its ecological functions are needed. Rural producers have thus been encouraged to grow trees for wood production as an economic activity. The objective of this study was to quantify the increment of wood density of four forest species from different successional classes

The stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in plants can reflect the interactions between plants and their environment. The interplay between plant nutrients, climatic factors, and soil properties and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are pillars of ecology but remain underexplored. In this study of plant C–N–P stoichiometry and nutrient resorption in Castanopsis hystrix groves in three

Plant-insect interactions are basic components of biodiversity conservation. To attain the international Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the interactions in urban and in suburban systems should be better understood to maintain the health of green infrastructure. The role of ground-level ozone (O3) as an environmental stress disrupting interaction webs is presented. Ozone mixing ratios in suburbs

To study the effect of jasmonates (JAs) on the resistance of economic forest plants to insects, Rosa rugosa ‘Plena’ leaves were treated with 1 mmol/L jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and Z-jasmone, then the content of tannin and total phenol in leaves and the feeding area of Monolepta hieroglyphica adults on leaves were measured. Changes in the activities of detoxification enzymes in adult

Larch caterpillars are widely distributed in the Great Xing’an boreal forests; however, the relationship between caterpillar defoliation dynamics and climatic factors is poorly understood. The aims of this study are to investigate the primary weather conditions that might influence forest defoliation and to identify the most important life stage of the larch caterpillar at which forest defoliation

It is important to quantify and analyze forest spatial patterns for studying biological characteristics, population interaction and the relationship between the population and environment. In this study, the forest spatial structure unit was generated based on the Delaunay triangulation model (DTM), and the weights were generated using the comprehensive values of the tree diameter at breast height

Preventing and suppressing forest fires is one of the main tasks of forestry agencies to reduce resource loss and requires a thorough understanding of the importance of factors affecting their occurrence. This study was carried out in forest plantations on Maoer Mountain in order to develop models for predicting the moisture content of dead fine fuel using meteorological and soil variables. Models

Five Larix species (L. griffithii, L. speciose, L. himalaica, L. kongboensis, and L. potaninii var. australis), have survived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) under specific climate conditions for decades. The lack of genomic information seriously hinders research on the evolution, conservation and ecology of these Larix resources. In this study, complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of the 5 species

Mulberry is economically important and can also play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gases. Leaf and shoot traits were measured for Morus alba var. Kanmasi, M. alba var. Karyansuban, M. alba var. Latifolia, and M. alba var. PFI-1 to assess aboveground biomass (AGB) and carbon sequestration. Variety-specific and multivariety allometric AGB models were developed using the equivalent diameter

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the major challenges in combating global warming. Carbon, including in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), is considered an essential greenhouse gas under human control to demonstrate success in emission reductions. However, many carbon stock quantifications in forest ecosystems still rely on the estimated 50% carbon content instead of more precise species-

Growth traits and genetic diversity of 23 provenances of Quercus rubra introduced from North America were analyzed in a provenance trial established with a randomized block design in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea in 1993. Growth variables and survival at age 25 were compared with results from early stages. Height, DBH, volume and stem straightness of Q. rubra was better than those of the domestic

To explore the critical relationships of photosynthetic efficiency and stem sap flow to soil moisture, two-year-old poplar saplings were selected and a packaged stem sap flow gauge, based on the stem-heat balance method, and a CIRAS-2 portable photosynthesis system were used. The results show that photosynthetic rates (Pn), transpiration rates (Tr), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) and the

Populus spp. have long been used as model woody plant species for molecular biology research. However, tissues of poplar are often recalcitrant to experimental procedures for molecular studies. We generated a hormone autotrophic poplar suspension cell line from a hybrid of Populus alba × P. berolinensis ‘Yinzhong’, named Qu-2. Qu-2 cells are suitable as a model biological system for studying woody

The decomposition of coarse woody debris (CWD) affects the energy flow and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Previous studies on CWD have focused on the input, decomposition, reserve dynamics, and CWD functions, but coarse woody debris decomposition is complex and the results from different regions vary considerably. It is not clear which factors affect decay rate (k), especially at different

The recent recognition that low doses of herbicides, human and veterinary antibiotics, metallic elements, micro/nano-plastics, and various other types of environmental pollutants widely enhance chlorophylls in the framework of hormesis created the need to further evaluate the response of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange to low doses of stresses. An analysis of about 370 values of maximum stimulatory

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 33 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths globally, as of 1 October 2020. During the lockdown and restrictions placed on public activities and gatherings, green spaces have become one of the only sources of resilience amidst the coronavirus pandemic, in part because of their positive effects on psychological, physical and social cohesion and spiritual

A protective forest, including shelterbelt, windbreak, and shelter forest as its synonyms, is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearby the objects that need to be protected using the ecological effects of forests. Ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests is one of the disciplinary orientations

In Europe, tropospheric ozone pollution appears as a major air quality issue, and ozone concentrations remain potentially harmful to vegetation. In this study we compared the trends of two ozone metrics widely used for forests protection in Europe, the AOT40 (Accumulated Ozone over Threshold of 40 ppb) which only depends on surface air ozone concentrations, and the Phytotoxic Ozone Dose which is the

Traditional fire smoke detection methods mostly rely on manual algorithm extraction and sensor detection; however, these methods are slow and expensive to achieve discrimination. We proposed an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) to achieve fast analysis. The improved CNN can be used to liberate manpower. The network does not require complicated manual feature extraction to identify forest

Fires are an important factor impacting forest ecosystems of Daxing’anling and have a significant effect on soil microbial community structure. In this study, high-throughput sequencing for 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA were applied to analyze the changing characteristics and driving factors of bacterial and fungal community structures in burned areas with different fire severity. PICRUSt2 software was used

Change in land-use practices can result in major shifts in the cycling of various elements, particularly nitrogen (N), which is prone to anthropogenic perturbations. For quantifying these shifts, accurate measurements of rates of biogeochemical transformations of N are needed. We used the (15N) isotope dilution technique to understand the effects of the types of forest alteration on (N) transformation

Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.) and its hybrid are economically important coniferous trees widely grown in the Northern Hemisphere. Ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations have increased since the pre-industrial era, and research projects showed that Japanese larch is susceptible to elevated O3 exposures. Therefore, methodologies are needed to (1) protect Japanese larch against O3 damage

As determined through 11 subcultures of Taxus cuspidata callus, the growth in FW and level of Taxol production were stable by the ninth generation.

The canopy of subtropical natural forests usually consists of several co-dominant populations (CDPs), which play a crucial role in forest structure, formation of the forest environment, and ecological function. However, little attention has been given to changes in spatial patterns in CDPs during natural succession. Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb.) Oerst., Quercus variabilis Blume, and Pinus yunnanensis

Chinquapin (Castanea henryi) is a dual-purpose tree species in China valued for as a source of timber and starch. We investigated the effect of four cutting mediums (pure vermiculite; peat:river sand at 3:1 v/v; peat:krasnozem at 1:1 v/v; and pure krasnozem) and three stem cutting periods (March, May, and July) on rooting performance of C. henryi cuttings. Different cutting periods and cutting mediums

Stocking and structural composition of a deciduous broad-leaved forest were determined to predict coarse woody debris quantity by quantifying the empirical relationships between these two attributes. The most ecologically significant families by stem density were Salicaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, and Aceraceae. Populus davidiana was the most dominant species followed by Betula dahurica, Quercus mongolica

We determined the response of tree community structure to logging disturbance and topography, and the patterns of tree-habitat associations in Tano Offin Forest Reserve, Ghana. We sampled trees in 27 20 m × 20 m plots randomly and equally distributed in three topographic habitats (slope, valley, and hilltop) in each of two forests: logged and unlogged. Two topographic features, altitude and degree

Understanding the effects of disturbance on seed rain is critical to predict changes in forest species composition and diversity. Logging effects on seed rain in a mixed conifer-hardwood forest complex in southern Brazil were evaluated. One year of seed rain data were collected from a large-scale observational experiment in logged and protected forests and quantity and average seed size weighted by

Forest management may have significant effects on forest connectivity and natural population sizes. Harvesting old-growth single trees may also change natural patterns of genetic variation and spatial genetic structure. This study evaluated the impacts of forest management using a silvicultural system of seed trees on the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC

Microtubules and their regulatory proteins are involved in the regulation of plant cell morphology. SPIRAL1 (SPR1), a plant-specific microtubule-binding protein, is critical in regulating the anisotropic growth of plant cells. Our previous study showed that overexpressed Salix SmSPR1 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana caused right-handed spiral elongation in etiolated seedlings, but there were no morphological

Transparent wood has potential application in intelligent building, solar cell, electronics, and other advanced materials, while its single functionability hinders its further development. Flexible transparent wood (FTW) was prepared by alkaline pretreatment and bleaching treatment of paulownia wood followed by impregnation of epoxy resin and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE). The effect of delignification

Spatial heterogeneity of fuel moisture content determines the spread rate and direction of a forest fire. Research on the spatial heterogeneity of the moisture content of dead fuel of Larix gmelinii Rupr. showed that: (1) fuel moisture content in litter layer < semi-humus layer < humus layer, and the coefficient of variation decreased with sampling depth; (2) the sill value of the semi-humus layer

Stochastic frontier analysis and quantile regression are the two econometric approaches that have been commonly adopted in the determination of the self-thinning boundary line or surface in two and higher dimensions since their introduction to the field some 20 years ago. However, the rational for using one method over the other has, in most cases, not been clearly explained perhaps due to a lack of

Water availability is a limiting factor for the establishment and development of forest species. To understand the appropriate conditions for the initial post-transplanting phase, it is necessary to understand the specific morphophysiological characteristics of the species, such as the leaf water potential and the efficiency of photosystem II. We aimed to identify the influence of different water regimes

Minquartia guianensis Aubl. is a slow-growing species with several uses. In the juvenile state, it is well-adapted to low light conditions of the forest understory. However, it is still unknown how climate variability affects transpiration of this species, particularly under drought stress. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of climatic variability on sap flow rates (SFR). SFR and radial

Somatic embryogenesis of Fraxinus mandshurica has the problems of low somatic embryo (SE) yield, unsynchronized SE development, and a high percentage of deformed SEs. We aimed to improve F. mandshurica SE production by synchronizing SE development, improving SE quality, and inducing root formation to obtain complete regenerated plants. Cotyledons of immature zygotic embryos of F. mandshurica were induced

Subtropical forest in China has received much attention due to its complex geologic environment and bioclimatic heterogeneity. There have been very few studies addressing which climatic factors have shaped both distribution patterns and niche differentiation of species from this region. It also remains unclear whether phylogenetic niche conservatism retains in plant species from this biodiversity-rich

We used the cotyledons and cotyledonary nodes of Toona ciliata (Chinese mahogany) as explants to examine callus and adventitious shoot induction when exposed to different ratios of hormones. We also investigated the effects of seedling age, inoculation method, and genotype on the efficient regeneration of T. ciliata. The results showed that different genotypes exhibited significantly different callus

To understand and improve the stability of the insecticidal activity of tobacco extract, the 3rd instar larvae of Malacosoma neustria testacea was determined by the leaf film method. Spectrophotometry identified extract effects on activities of several enzymes. In addition, to improve the stability of the extract, microcapsules were prepared by complex coacervation and phase separation with the extract