Abstract We studied how the use of certain tree species in forest regeneration affected the regional wind damage risks to Finnish boreal forests under the current climate (1981–2010) and recent-generation global climate model (GCM) predictions (i.e., 10 GCMs of CMIP5, with wide variations in temperature and precipitation), using the representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 over the period

Abstract Purpose of Review Carbon (C) storage provides trees with a pool of C that can be remobilized and used to sustain vital physiological processes when photosynthesis and/or C transport cannot meet a plant’s current demands. As such, it may be an important determinant of tree survival in many cases. However, we do not yet know how often tree mortality occurs as the result of carbon limitation

Abstract Purpose of Review Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) promote tree survival when photosynthesis is impeded by factors whose impact is expected to increase under climate change, like droughts, herbivory, and fires. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether NSC are depleted under natural conditions and if they mediate tree recovery. To determine if there is a general pattern of NSC variation, we

Abstract Purpose of Review Prescribed fire escapes continue to challenge most fire and land management agencies and many communities. This article considers the issue from knowledge management (KM) and organizational learning (OL) perspectives. We review organizational initiatives and the literature that have developed over the last 10 years to support learning from escaped prescribed fires, then use

Abstract Purpose of Review This review is on global wildland fire management research needs from the standpoint of “integrated fire management”. It seeks to apply a characterisation of fires to frame research needs, and also recognise some differences in research needs between “normal wildfires” and “extreme wildfire events” and draw some distinctions between the needs for developing and developed

Abstract Purpose of Review In this article, we review existing research addressing how environmental regulations have influenced the pulp and paper industry. These regulations appear in different forms and designs and address air and water pollution as well as climate change. The paper devotes particular attention to how various regulations have affected sustainable technological change and the prospects

Abstract Purpose of Review The objectives of this paper are to briefly review basic risk management and analytics concepts, describe their nexus in relation to wildfire response, demonstrate real-world application of analytics to support response decisions and organizational learning, and outline an analytics strategy for the future. Recent Findings Analytics can improve decision-making and organizational

Abstract Purpose of Review Holm oak is a relevant species, both for its distribution and ecological importance. Among the risks looming over this species, oak decline—influenced by extreme climatic events, and alien-invasive species—is considered the main factor causing the loss of holm oak in Mediterranean open woodlands. The aim of this review is to identify and summarize the effects of drought and

Abstract Purpose of Review The two Nordic European Union countries, Finland and Sweden, have common features and similarities based on their rich forest resources and sizable sawmill industry with internationalization mainly through exports. We compared the Finnish and Swedish sawmill industries and market developments since 1990 and discussed the most eminent country and firm-level differences. In

Abstract Purpose of Review The potential of nanotechnology and nanocomposites in various sectors of research and application is promising and attracting increasing investment. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the preparation of nanomaterials from different cellulosic sources including wood. The transformation of cellulose down to the nanoscale endow these nanomaterials with new properties

Forests are dynamic ecosystems, subject to both natural and anthropogenic agents of change. Wildfire, harvesting and other human activities alter the tree-covered area present in forests. From national and international reporting perspectives, forests include areas currently treed, as well as those disturbed forest areas that are not currently treed but will be, given time for regeneration and the

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a recently advanced aerial spraying technology. However, the median lethal density (LN50) and biocidal radiuses (r50) of insecticides droplets sprayed by UAV are still unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the LN50 and r50 of cycloxaprid, imidacloprid and lambda‐cyhalothrin droplets associated with adjuvant controlling against A. gossypii.

The evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds has become a great challenge for global agricultural production. Weeds have evolved resistance to herbicides through many different physiological mechanisms. Some weed species are known to secrete herbicide molecules from roots into the rhizosphere upon being treated. However, root exudation of herbicides as a mechanism of resistance has only recently

Barley yellow dwarf virus is one of the most important viral diseases in small grains worldwide. An understanding of its epidemiology is crucial to control this disease in a sustainable way. The virus moves through the agricultural landscape via cereal aphids as vectors. Understanding the movement of these aphids in space and time is of key importance and in doing so the spatial and temporal variables

In the field, we observed that many white‐backed planthoppers (Sogatella furcifera, WBPH) stayed at the top region of rice plants exposed to direct sunshine. It was known that WBPH frequently took flight when the ground temperature is about 25°C, then climbed to and flew in a dense layer corresponding to an air temperature of about 16°C in the sky. Its migration height was higher than the top of the

Molting is an essential insect developmental process, in which a variety of enzymes are involved. The inhibition of these enzymes affect normal insect growth and development and may even cause death. OfHex1, one of the β‐N‐acetyl‐D‐hexosaminidases, is a key enzyme involved in the molting process of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), and is deemed a potential insecticidal target.

The limited amount of agrochemicals targeting plant bacterial diseases has driven us to discover innovative antibacterial surrogates with fresh modes of action. Notably, fabrication of violent apoptosis inducers to control the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria should be a feasible way to control plant bacterial diseases. To achieve this aim, herein, a series of novel 18β‐glycyrrhetinic piperazine

Chlorothalonil is a conventional chloroaromatic fungicide and is toxic to many aquatic species. This study was designed to investigate effects of six flavonoids on photolysis of chlorothalonil under sunlight and artificial light.

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum threatens oilseed rape cultivation, and the emergence of fungicide‐resistant strains has led to control failures worldwide. Identifying novel chemical alternatives with different modes of action and high antifungal activities is thus crucial. Herein we evaluated the antifungal effects of 3‐(2‐pyridyl)methyl‐2‐(4‐chlorphenyl)imino‐ thiazolidine

Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus, usually display aggregation behavior, which is probably mediated by a male‐produced aggregation pheromone. Aggregation pheromones are species‐specific, and can be used to develop commercial lures for monitoring and mass trapping pests. The active components of the aggregation pheromone for four thrips species have been identified. However, the components of M. usitatus‐produced

The fruit fly Drosophila suzukii, or spotted wing Drosophila (SWD), has become a serious pest world‐wide attacking many soft‐skinned fruits. An efficient monitoring system that identifies and counts SWD in crops and their surroundings is therefore essential for integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Existing methods, such as catching them in liquid bait traps and manually counting them, are costly

Nicosulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide widely used for grass weed control in corn production, injures some sweet corn hybrids and inbreds. A specific cytochrome P450 (P450), CYP81A9, is suggested to be responsible for sensitivity to nicosulfuron and other P450‐metabolized herbicides. Corn CYP81A9 enzymes were expressed in E. coli and investigated to find the factor(s) associated with their function

The development of efficient and safe green pesticides is a scientific strategy to alleviate current pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and threats to non‐target organisms. Pesticide controlled‐release formulations (CRFs) have attracted wide attention because they can control the rate of release of active ingredients and prolong the effective duration. In particular, nanoscale pesticide sustained‐release

The mixed-conifer forests in California’s Sierra Nevada include species from several genera (Pinus, Abies, Pseudotsuga, Calocedrus and Sequoiadendron). These forests have complex disturbance regimes dominated by low to moderate severity fire that often resulted in patchy spatial patterns and multiaged stands. Leaf area index (LAI) describes the total leaf surface area per unit area in a forest community

The Albany Thicket (AT) biome contains outstanding global biodiversity as well as the potential to achieve carbon credits associated with water-efficient Crasslucean acid metabolism (CAM). Understanding the water fluxes in the AT is crucial to determining carbon (C) sequestration rates and water-use efficiency. Despite large variation in water fluxes across the AT, only a few studies have been conducted

Abstract Purpose of Review Forest and biomass utilization is of great significance in the context of global change toward renewable energy and products. Supply chain management has been proven as an effective path to improve economic and environmental performance of forest and biomass products. However, the existing studies are fragmented and task-oriented. In this paper, we aim to systematically form

Barley/Cereal yellow dwarf viruses (YDV) cause yellow dwarf disease (YDD), which is a continuous risk to cereals production worldwide. These viruses cause leaf yellowing and stunting, resulting in yield reductions of up to 80%. YDV have been a consistent but low‐level problem in European cereal cultivation for the last three decades, mostly due to the availability of several effective insecticides

The effects of a limited grazing period on the performance, behaviour and milk composition of high‐yielding dairy cows were examined. A total of 56 Holstein cows yielding 44.7 ± 0.42 kg/day were allocated to one of four treatments in one of two, 4‐week periods. Treatments were as follows: control (C)—cows housed and offered TMR ad libitum; early grazing (EG)—cows grazed for 6 hr after morning milking

Abstract Key Message A model describing species composition, density and diameter distribution of saplings was developed from operational inventory data. It could be used as an input into growth models calibrated exclusively with merchantable trees to correct some recruitment bias. Important differences in distributions were found between plantations and naturally regenerated stands. Longer-term monitoring

Milbemectin and abamectin are frequently used to control the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. The development of abamectin resistance in this major pest has become an increasing problem worldwide, potentially compromising the use of milbemectin. In this study, a large collection of European field populations was screened for milbemectin and abamectin resistance, and both target‐site and metabolic (cross‐)resistance

The loss of honey bee colonies is a nationally recognized problem that demands attention from both the scientific community and beekeeping industry. One outstanding threat is the unintended exposure of these pollinators to agricultural pesticides. Anthranilic diamides, such as chlorantraniliprole, are registered for use in stone and pome fruits, vegetables, turf, and grains. There are few publicly

This commentary does not concern itself with the need for, or the value of glyphosate as an agrochemical: rather it examines the scientific basis for the various conclusions reached at different times by a number of regulatory authorities and by the International Agency on Research on Cancer (IARC). Why do they differ? An appropriate regulatory stance depends critically on the application of good science

Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is widely used in agriculture and forestry to prevent and control pests. The effects of environmental CAP residue on non‐target insect metamorphosis development have not been reported. Our research aimed to investigate the sublethal effect of CAP on larvae‐pupae transformation process in silkworm, and also explore the mechanism of sublethal CAP exposure mediated pupation metamorphosis

Farmland bees encounter insecticides in their diet when visiting the flowers of pesticide‐treated crops with residues in nectar and pollen. A sustained exposure to even trace residues could be severely harmful if the ingested substance has a long biological half‐life and its toxicity therefore intensifies over time, which is termed ‘time‐reinforced toxicity’, or TRT. Bumble bees are important farmland

Biorational insecticides are composed of natural products, including animals, plants, microbes, and minerals, or are their derivates. The use of biorational products for the management of insect pests has grown intensively in recent years, which has increased their popularity and share on the insecticide global market. Much of these recent increases in the use of biorational insecticides has been derived

As the causal agent of pine wilt disease, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a serious pathogen of forest pine trees. Esteya vermicola is a nematophagous fungus of B. xylophilus and exhibits great potential as a biological control agent. However, the in vivo infection mechanism of E. vermicola on B. xylophilus is not clear. Experiments were conducted to study the colonization of host plant and infection

The phorid fly Megaselia halterata Winnertz (Diptera: Phoridae) is the principal vector of Microdispus lambi (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) in Spanish Agaricus bisporus Lange (Imbach) mushroom farms. This myceliophagous mite does not appear to be a pest in Agaricus bitorquis (Quél.) Sacc mushroom crops. This study explores the role of phorid flies as vectors of Microdispus lambi in Agaricus bitorquis mushroom

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two irrigation regimes (control and water stress) and two nitrogen (N) levels (0 and 112.5 kg/ha) on forage yield and silage quality in millet. Bastan (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) and Pishahang (Panicum miliaceum) were sown at two different dates during 2015 and 2016. Both cultivars exhibited reduced dry‐matter (DM) yields (45% and 51% in

Abstract Key message In a mixed, Fagus sylvatica L.- Acer pseudoplatanus L., young plantation, trees of both species absorbed water from superficial soil layers despite the presence of roots and water in deeper layers. Admixture proportion and tree density were weak predictors of water acquisition depth, as well as fine root vertical distribution, although it might be due to distinct periods of root

Abstract Key message Xylem vulnerability to drought-induced embolism did not differ between stems and petioles of four woody species ( Betula pendula , Liriodendron tulipifera , Populus tremula and Olea europaea ). Our results, together with data compiled from published literature, indicate that hydraulic segmentation during drought stress is not consistently driven by difference in vulnerability to

Abstract Frequency distributions of tree diameters are a powerful tool for analyzing changes of tree populations in large areas. We analyzed the densities and mean volume estimates of trees in different size classes for the Finnish forests over the time-span of the National Forest Inventories (1921–2013). The results display a general increase in trees in all size classes, species group and geographical

Abstract Rapid growth rates and the accompanying reduced rotation ages of forest plantations have resulted in increased proportions of juvenile wood. Growing space markedly influences growth rate and may be manipulated by stand density management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of stand density on the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and other selected properties

Abstract If forests are to satisfy all our demands in the long term, then they must be managed purposefully. Disturbances that could jeopardise the provision of ecosystem services occur repeatedly. To better deal with these disturbances, knowing what damage and consequences can occur is important. In Switzerland, storms are the biggest large-scale disturbances in forests. No simple framework exists

Abstract Forest resource data is important in targeting the forestry operations, and it is in the hearth of the precision forestry concept. The forest resource data can be produced with many techniques, and the number of existing forest data sources has increased during the years. In addition to the forest resource data, other data describing the circumstances of the forest site, such as trafficability

Abstract Although Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is the most important introduced deciduous tree species in Germany, only little is known about its genetic variation. For the first time, we describe patterns of neutral and potentially adaptive nuclear genetic variation in Northern red oak stands across Germany. For this purpose, 792 trees were genotyped including 611 trees from 12 stands in Germany

Abstract Pinus sibirica and P. pumila have a vast hybrid zone, and its structure and maintenance model have not yet been considered. This study was carried out in the southern–western part of the hybrid zone. On the Khamar-Daban Ridge, there is a vigorous belt of mountain taiga forest, where the prevalent species is P. sibirica and where P. pumila produces a subalpine tree belt. The border between

Abstract One of the characteristics of great relevance in the wood quality in Spanish coniferous forests due to growth conditions is the presence of corewood. This wood area presents properties and characteristics inferior to those in outerwood, which are more appropriate for certain uses. In plantations with short rotations, the percentage of juvenile timber is higher, and the profitability of the

Abstract An integrated characterization of physical, chemical, biochemical and microbiological properties of litter fractions (litter, fragmented and humified), corresponding at three decomposition phases, has been conducted in a degraded pine forest. Litter fractions were characterized in terms of C and N content, microbial communities’ structure, enzyme activities and optical properties. The objective

Abstract Establishing mixed-species stands is frequently proposed as a strategy to adapt forests to the increasing risk of water scarcity, yet contrasted results have been reported regarding mixing effects on tree drought exposure. To investigate the drivers behind the spatial and temporal variation in water-related mixing effects, we analysed the δ13C variation in 22-year tree ring chronologies for

Abstract Penalized regression splines and distributed lag models were used to evaluate the effects of species mixing on productivity and climate-related resistance via tree-ring width measurements from sample cores. Data were collected in Lower Austria from sample plots arranged in a triplet design. Triplets were established for sessile oak [Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.] and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris

Abstract The improved version of simulation model EFIMOD 2 was used for the estimation of forest ecosystem dynamics and analysis of basic linkages between stand structure, environment, and external factors, such as cuttings, forest fires, increased nitrogen deposition, which were considered both separately and in combination, in different boreal forest types of European Russia. According to the simulation