Ten indigenous entomofungal strains of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and M. rileyi were evaluated against 2nd instar larvae of the maize fall armyworm (FAW) Spodptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a laboratory bioassay. Among the ten strains tested, M. anisopliae ICAR-NBAIR Ma-35 caused 67.8% mortality, followed by B. bassiana ICAR-NBAIR Bb-45 with 64.3%, and ICAR-NBAIR

In Egypt, Rhizoctonia solani is an economically important fungal pathogen on many crops such as common bean causing serious yield losses. Biofumigation with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), as a potential alternative to the restricted fumigant methyl bromide, is gaining attention in sustainable vegetable production. In this study, laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume that is attacked by the fungal pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii, responsible for collar rot disease. In the present study, the pathogen was isolated from diseased chickpea seedlings and identified on molecular basis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin markers. To control this pathogen, an in vivo study was carried out, using Neem

Root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is one of the most lingering and difficult to manage pest of black pepper in India. The options for controlling RKN are becoming increasingly limited due to the potential risk involved in environmental and health hazards. Biological control using Pasteuria is one of the most effective and efficient ways of nematode management. Pasteuria spp. are obligate

The Varroa mite, Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Arachnida: Acari: Varroidae), is a severe external parasitic mite of honeybees that causes great losses of colonies globally. Four concentrations (1, 2%, 5, and 10%) of Jatropha curcas oil were tested for controlling the Varroa mite. Significant effects of reducing percentage of the mite infestation (P = 0.05) after second treatment for sealed

The entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), as a biological control agent, can provide an alternative option for high-risk insecticides. Beauveria bassiana is one of the most potential EPF of pest control all over the world. The EPF isolate Y-F_ITS1 was isolated from Egyptian fauna on Beauveria-specific selective medium (BS medium). Molecular screening of the B. bassiana isolate, using PCR amplification with

The most dominant pest of date stored in Khuzestan Province is Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). In this study, the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki bacteria and Beauveria bassiana pathogenic fungi on the population dynamics of E. kuehniella date stock pest were investigated. To fulfill this, insectariums were kept in vitro at an average temperature of 27 ± 5 °C and a RH

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are being used for the management of insect pests occurring in both agricultural and horticultural crops. But native EPNs are reasonably more efficacious in controlling insect pests than introduced EPNs species because they are adapted to local environmental conditions and insect pests. Therefore, in the present study, a survey was conducted to isolate EPNs at 4 districts

Bioherbicides afford satisfactory approach to overcome weed problem. Selection of new bioherbicides from phytopathogenic microbiota is essential for modern agricultural management, especially mycoherbicides. Thus, in the present investigation, 4 phytopathogenic fungi including Alternaria alternata YMM1, A. tenuissima YMM3, Chaetomium globosum YMM2, and Nigrospora oryzae YMM4 were isolated from infected

The potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller 1873) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest of stored potatoes and potato crop. Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from animals, plants, and bacteria. Botanicals are especially efficient in the form of antifeedant, repellent, protectants, and growth-disrupting hormones. They are also sources of secondary metabolites

In this study, potential of the native Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner was investigated against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Fourteen out of 50 Bt isolates obtained from root zone of vegetable crops of north western zone of Tamil Nadu, India, were found to be encoded with nematicidal cry genes, confirmed by gene-specific

The farmer interest in biological control-based management practices using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) for the control of many economically important insects has increased. In this process, selection of effective strains of EPF is an important criterion to control the target insect pests in efficient manner. In this context, this research work was formulated to find out environmentally effective strains

The Oriental leaf worm moth, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is among the most voracious insect pests in a variety of economically important crops, particularly cotton. It has developed resistance against conventional chemical insecticides. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate an integrated application of bio- and synthetic pesticide against this pest. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV)

This study was designed to find out the optimum cold storage temperature (4, 7, and 10 °C) and storage period (1–16 weeks) of 3 different immature developmental stages (2, 4, 6 days post parasitism) of the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to produce high-quality individuals to be utilized. Also, the effects of cold storage on parasitoids’ fitness

Integrated pest management (IPM) has recognized as a sustainable method for pest prevention, monitoring, and control. The purpose of this review article focused on biological control potential and challenges in Afghanistan. Biological control is beginning to increase in Afghanistan, in large part due to the establishment of graduate studies in entomology in 2008. Afghan farmers have restricted knowledge

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important fiber crop cultivated in > 50 countries of the world. The cotton leaf roller Syllepte derogata (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered as an invasive and widespread species in many geographic regions of the world and pose significant damages to cotton crop. This study reported the first record of S. derogata and its biological characteristics

The aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are the most damaging pests of greenhouse crops, which cause vector-borne viral diseases and its damage includes chlorosis, necrosis, and fruit abortion. This review article addresses the protected cultivation

Wheat stem rust causes by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is a serious threat to wheat production all over the world. This study evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis, B. polymyxa and B. megaterium, Eugenol and leaf extract of Artemisia cina against the disease, and the involved mechanisms in disease resistance. B. subtilis and Eugenol treatments inhibited spore germination and increased incubation

Jute hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma (=Spilarctia) obliqua (Walker) (Arctiidae: Lepidoptera), is an irregular and polyphagous insect pest that occurs all over India. A severe natural viral epizootic was observed in the field population of S. obliqua in jute. The virus was characterized as Spilosoma obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpobNPV NBAIR1) based on morphological, biological, and molecular characterization

The tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Gelechiidae: Lepidoptera), is an introduced serious pest of tomato in India. Management of this insect pest mainly relies on insecticides because of its high infestation levels on all plant parts and life stages of tomato crop. This laboratory study investigated the efficacy of Cry1Ac protein of Bacillus thuringiensis against T. absoluta. The LC50 and LC95

A study of interactions among natural enemies is important to develop a better biological control program. Among these interactions, one that is crucial is the consumption of parasitized prey by a predator. Feeding on aphid mummies could affect the predator as well as the parasitoid species. In this study, the effect of parasitized prey on prey consumption, survival, growth, and development of 4th

The study aimed to determine the effect of two aphid species; Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on life table and demographic parameters of Hippodamia convergens Gu`erin-M´eneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The developmental period of all life stages of H. convergens was shorter when fed on L. erysimi. Net reproductive rate (Ro) was higher (159.85 offspring/individual)

The effectiveness of Trichoderma atroviride, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, against targeted tea disease causing pathogen, Fusarium solani (dieback), Beauveria bassiana against tea mosquito (Helopeltis theivora), and Metarhizium anisopliae against the red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner, and the live wood eating termite (Microcerotermes beesoni Snyder), respectively were evaluated under laboratory

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are among the frequently used and commercialized bio-pesticides. However, they are restricted in their infectivity, persistence, storage, and cost of production. One of the methods used to improve this is a continuous search for new isolates with significant behavioral and physiological characteristics. A novel EPN isolate, Heterorhabditis zealandica strain ETL, isolated

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive pest affecting the tomato crop causing a loss of 60–100% of the tomato crop production. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), spinosad, and emamectin benzoate as bio-insecticides comparing with 2 synthetic insecticides: chlorpyrifos and indoxacarb against T.

Two different Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) isolates were obtained from natural infected S. littoralis larvae in Egypt. The phylogenetic analysis of the partial nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene (polh) showed that both isolates, Spli-6 and Spli-7, were closed and had a common ancestor with S. littoralis NPV isolate 1263 polyhedrin gene

Pest infestations in net-houses are not sometimes different from that under open-field conditions, necessitating usage of pesticides. To examine the hypothesis that bioagents may have more potential under restricted plant growing conditions, the predatory potential of green lace wing, Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi Esben-Peterson (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) was evaluated against the sucking pests of tomato

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the EPNs against the larvae of Egyptian cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in vitro before in vivo study. The susceptibility of both larval species to the entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema monticolum and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, was evaluated under

Predatory nematodes are important as they fed upon several prey nematode species. The diplogasterid predators are characterized by distinguished alterations in feeding apparatus. The diplogasterid predator, Fictor composticola, feeds on different categories of nematodes like microbivorous, mycophagous, and plant-parasitic nematodes. This study was undertaken under in-vitro conditions, in 1% water-agar

Intercropping in cotton is of great significance, which helps to reduce the population of insect pests by attracting natural enemies to the field and helping to get stabilized yield and high profit advantage. The study was conducted with 4 intercrops, viz., sesame, Sesamum indicum L.; pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan L.; pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum L.; and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. in an experimental

Pepper is an important vegetable crop in Egypt and worldwide. Yet, it is usually attacked and damaged by numerous plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) especially root-knot nematodes in Egypt. This review summarizes ecology, biology, and economic value of such nematodes from the standpoint of pest management. The use of sound cultural practices and other phytosanitary measures against PPNs of pepper should

The invasive fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was reported recently in India, in 2018, destroying food and fodder crops. Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the native pentatomid predatory bug, expanded its host range by predating on larvae of FAW. The incidence of E. furcellata started during the 36th meteorological standard week

In this study, potential of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) isolates from dead samples of Orosanga japonica (Melichar) (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) was evaluated. Infected specimens with fungi results confirmed that the samples were Beauveria bassiana after morphological and molecular identification. Amplicons produced two haplotypes (h = 2), which included one polymorphic site after sequence and named

The peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and silver leaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are the major pests of capsicum under protected cultivation. The entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are environmentally safe than the chemical pesticides. In the present study, different EPF formulations, Beauveria bassiana Balsamo (Vuillemin), Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas

A microbe-based silver nanoparticle could inhibit the tobacco mosaic virus. In the present study, AgNO3 reacts with Pseudomonas fluorescens CZ strain fermentative broth and formed silver nanoparticles. The crystallinity and purity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were examined by an X-ray diffractometer. Number of Bragg reflection was indexed in the face-centered AgNPs to show a cubic structure. Observation

Cucumber powdery mildew disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & Shishkoff severe disease-causing yield losses worldwide. This research study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the tested bio-agents, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Serratia marcescens, as well as the fungicide score (Difenoconazole), on cucumber infected with

The present study was carried out in the agricultural areas of Northwestern Turkey with the purpose to assess the occurrence of Pasteuria spp. bacteria on plant-parasitic nematodes. The soil samples were collected from olive, cherry, peach, pear, almond, walnut, apple orchards, vineyards, vegetable, and sunflower fields, analyzed and the bacterium was detected on 30 nematode species belonging to 31

Compatibility of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) viz. Verticillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana with Azadirachta indica extract (alone and in combinations) was evaluated against 2nd instar larvae of the cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled conditions. Results indicated that maximum mortality rate of P. gossypiella

Indigenous entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis pakistanensis, NBAIR H-05 strain was evaluated against diapausing larvae of the Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) at 3 different dosages, i.e., at 15, 20, and 25 gm/ l of water in apple orchards at the district Kargil of Ladakh Region, India, during 2017 and 2018.Two year’s pooled average density of diapausing ranged 34

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Enterobacter cloacae PS14 and Trichoderma asperellum T34 in the control of potato wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith), under greenhouse and field conditions. In vitro, the endophyte E. cloacae PS14 caused the highest reduction of the pathogen growth among 7 screened bacteria. It produced an inhibition zone as 16.9 mm compared to a specific antibiotic

The present study was performed to assess the individual and combined potential of 3 different concentrations of Trichoderma sp. (Ts) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to control brinjal insect pests. Tested formulations were applied on larval and adult stages of the pest. The Trichoderma laboratory bioassays revealed 73% mortality of the aphid species, Aphis gossypii (Glover), and 53% mortality of the

The South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a newly introduced and a major threat of tomato production in Ethiopia. Laboratory bioassay was conducted to evaluate locally isolated Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) (Sorokin), against larvae of T. absoluta. Twenty-five Metarhizium isolates were isolated from different soil types, using the great wax

Tomato is a major vegetable crop in Egypt and worldwide. Yet, many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), especially Meloidogyne spp. and Rotylenchulus reniformis are a devastating threat to tomato cultivation in Egypt. This review addresses their biology, ecology, and economic importance from the standpoint of pest management. Soil treatment with synthetic nematicides has given some protection and enhanced

Land plants exist in close association with bacterial and fungal microbes, where some associations can be pathogenic and others can be mutualistic/beneficial. One such relation exists between host plant, Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Foc), the causal pathogen of cumin wilt and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf), where Pf acts as a bio-agent for inhibiting Foc and promoting

The present study aimed to identify, characterize, and evaluate native chitinolytic rhizobacteria as biocontrol potential against pigeon pea wilt disease, caused by Fusarium udum. A total of 53 isolated rhizobacteria was evaluated for their chitinolytic potential and possession of different antifungal traits. From the successive in vitro experiments and in vivo bioassay, 2 promising bacterial strains

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a group of biological control agents that are characterized by their ability to search for hosts, safety to non-target insects and environment, and their ability to be used combined with agricultural chemicals. The objectives of this study were to isolate EPNs from agricultural soil in Egypt and study their virulence against the great wax moth, Galleria mellonella

The local entomopathogenic bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was isolated and characterized from 16 soil samples collected from different governorates in Egypt. Among 56 bacterial colonies obtained, only 16 colonies were characterized by traits of Bacillus. All the 16 isolates were toxic to the neonates of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Damietta

A survey of pine-associated aphids and their parasitoids was carried out in the arboretum of Pinus halepensis Miller in the Higher Agronomic Institute Chott Mariem (ISA CM, Tunisia) during 2010–2011 and 2018. The survey revealed the presence of the aphid parasitoid species, Diaeretus leucopterus (Haliday) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae). This is the first record of D. leucopterus from Tunisia

Following publication of the original article (Mansoor and Shad 2020), the author’s flagged that the article had published with two errors.

The interactions between insect pathogens, parasitoids, and predators have been proposed as “intraguild predation (IGP).” It occurs when two species share a host or prey (and therefore may compete) or when they engage in a trophic interaction with each other (parasitism or predation). Laboratory studies revealed that many predacious species attack and consume Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-infected prey

The bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major pest of leguminous crops grown in Southern China. This study reports the isolation, identification (through molecular characterization) and pathogenic potential of 6 fungal isolates belonging to different fungal species. The fungi were isolated from soil samples collected from different areas of Southern China

The use of pesticides against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) as a tool to control the pest has become an obstacle to the fresh agricultural products export to many countries that restrict pesticides residues. The effectiveness of three local strains of entomopathogenic fungi: Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, and Paecilomyces lilacinus against

Combined effect of substerilizing doses of gamma radiation (40 and 100 Gy) and different concentrations of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae BA2 (20 and 40 IJs/ml) on the hemocyte count of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) larvae was studied. Eight types of hemocytes were described in the hemolymph of the normal larvae of G. mellonella. Prohemocytes were the predominant

In citrus groves, beneficial insects that reduce abundance of pests are considered a key component of integrated pest management strategies. The aim of this article was to assess the biodiversity of parasitoids and predators in citrus orchards in Moroccoto facilitate future investigations on their potential as biocontrol agents. Data of 105 citrus beneficial insects were gathered and summarized in

The nematicidal efficiency of two types of extracts (aqueous and methanolic) of 5 plants Peganum harmala L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Taxus baccata L., Sinapis arvensis L., and Ricinus communis L. on second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated at 4 doses in vitro (40, 50, 60 and 80%) at 4 exposure times (12, 16, 24, and 32 h). In a greenhouse, methanol extracts obtained from

Some demographic parameters of the indigenous parasitoid, Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were estimated at 3 different temperatures (20, 25, and 30 ± 1 °C; 70 ± 5% RH; 16 L:8D). According to age-specific theory, the demographic parameters of the parasitoid were computed by related formulas. The

Environmental conditions affect biocontrol agents in a field, being appropriate formulations an alternative to overcome this problem. Formulations based on Trichoderma asperellum TV190 were prepared by emulsified mineral or vegetable oils, which protected spores from ultraviolet radiation, showing greater viability of 37–43% (mineral) and 56–63% (vegetable) than the control (8–12%). These formulations

The antagonistic effect of the isolates of Gliocladium roseum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sordaria fimicola, and their mixtures, at different concentrations against the cereal damping-off pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, was examined in vitro and in vivo (foliar, seed, soil, seed + soil) treatments on the susceptible wheat cultivars “Gun 91 and Sultan 95.” The 3 isolates inhibited growth of F. graminearum

Fruit flies have a great influence on fruit and vegetable industry of Pakistan. Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Tephritidae) is a polyphagous pest in large number of fruit and vegetable crops worldwide. Virulence of 4 entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. indica, Steinernema carpocapsae, and S. asiaticum, was evaluated at different temperature degrees (15, 20, 25

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most damaging pests in field crops as well as in greenhouses. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro pathogenicity of 2 fungus strains of Beauveria bassiana (BB-72 and BB-252) and one strain of Lecanicillium lecanii (V-2) against the whitefly (B. tabaci) at 4 different temperature degrees 20, 24, 28, and 32 °C, using