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Novel sensor-based method (quick test) for the in-season rapid evaluation of herbicide efficacy under real field conditions in durum wheat Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Ilias Travlos; Anastasia Tsekoura; Nikolaos Antonopoulos; Panagiotis Kanatas; Ioannis Gazoulis
Optimum herbicide use is a key factor affecting the success of any integrated weed management strategy. The main objective of the current study was to implement a method based on spectrometer measurements for the in situ evaluation of herbicide efficacy and the detection of potentially herbicide-resistant weeds. Field trials were conducted in Greece between 2018 and 2020 in several durum wheat fields
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Resistance to bixlozone and clomazone in cross-resistant rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) populations from southern Australia Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2021-01-28 David J. Brunton; Gurjeet Gill; Christopher Preston
Three resistant (R) rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) populations from southern Australia (EP162, 375-14, and 198-15) with cross-resistance to thiocarbamate, chloroacetamide, and sulfonylisoxazoline herbicides displayed reduced sensitivity to the isoxazolidinone herbicides bixlozone and clomazone. Each of these R populations was exposed to two cycles of recurrent selection (RS) in which plants
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Germination biology of four climatically varied populations of the invasive species African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Jason Roberts; Singarayer Florentine; Eddie van Etten; Christopher Turville
African lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees] is a highly invasive C4 perennial grass that threatens global biodiversity. Appropriate management of this species has been hampered by a lack of knowledge concerning its seed ecology, resulting in significant economic and environmental impacts within various environments. Consequently, this study explored the effects of a selection of environmental
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Ammonium sulfate improves the efficacy of glyphosate on South African lovegrass (Eragrostis plana) under water stress Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Marlon O. Bastiani; Nilda Roma-Burgos; Ana C. Langaro; Reiofeli A. Salas-Perez; Christopher E. Rouse; Marcus V. Fipke; Fabiane P. Lamego
South African lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees) is the most important weed of native pastures in southern Brazil. Management options are limited under water-stress conditions, and glyphosate has been the main tool for control. This study compared four salts of glyphosate applied at three growth stages and determined the glyphosate tolerance level. In addition, the performance of ammonium sulfate (AMS)
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Changes in dominant weeds of wheat in a rice–wheat rotation system as affected by composted manure and straw amendments Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Yunhui Duan; Haiyan Zhang; Min Han; Aimei Hong; Yong Li; Guojun Sun; Pinglei Gao; Yicheng Sun; Wei Ran; Jiahe Shen; Xin Shen; Chenyu Wu; Min Ji
A study was conducted to identify whether composted manure and straw amendments [replacement of a portion of chemical fertilizer (50% of the total nitrogen application) with composted pig manure, and straw return (all straw from the previous rice crop) combined with chemical fertilizer] compared to no fertilization and chemical fertilizer only, would change the dominant species of wheat-associated
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Effects of fertility amendments on weed growth and weed–crop competition: a review Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Neith G. Little; Antonio DiTommaso; Anna S. Westbrook; Quirine M. Ketterings; Charles L. Mohler
Macronutrient inputs to annual cropping systems can benefit weeds as well as crops, sometimes decreasing or eliminating the benefits of fertilization. This interaction between fertility management and integrated weed management is becoming increasingly important as these fields increase their focus on efficiency and prevention, respectively. The risk of increased weed competition reflects the fact
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Effect of fulvic acid on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) seedling growth under flooding conditions Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Shangfeng Zhou; Yi Tang; Lang Pan; Cong Wang; Yanan Guo; Haona Yang; Zuren Li; Lianyang Bai; Lifeng Wang
Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] is a problematic weed that grows in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields. Over-applying herbicide caused environmental pollution and the emergence of resistant weeds, and integrated weed management method can reduce the dependence on herbicides. The growth of E. crus-galli and rice seedlings could be significantly inhibited by high concentrations of fulvic
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Herbicide symptomology and the mechanism of action of methiozolin Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Chad Brabham; Philipp Johnen; Janneke Hendriks; Michael Betz; Alexandra Zimmermann; Jarrad Gollihue; William Serson; Chase Kempinski; Michael Barrett
Methiozolin is a new herbicide with an unknown mechanism of action (MOA) for control of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in several warm- and cool-season turfgrasses. In the literature, methiozolin was proposed to be a pigment inhibitor via inhibition of tyrosine aminotransferases (TATs) or a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor (CBI). Here, exploratory research was conducted to characterize the herbicide
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Effect of soil moisture regimes on the growth and fecundity of slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Asad M. Khan; Ahmadreza Mobli; Jeff A Werth; Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) are increasingly problematic weeds of summer crops in Australia. Water is considered the most limiting factor in an agroecosystem, and water stress adversely impacts the growth and reproduction of plant species. The primary objective of this study was to determine the growth and fecundity of two Australian biotypes
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Seed germination ecology of meadow knapweed (Centaurea × moncktonii) populations in New York State, USA Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Antonio DiTommaso; Lindsey R. Milbrath; Caroline A. Marschner; Scott H. Morris; Anna S. Westbrook
The introduced meadow knapweed (Centaurea × moncktonii C.E. Britton), a hybrid of black (Centaurea nigra L.) and brown (Centaurea jacea L.) knapweeds, is increasingly common in pastures, meadows, and waste areas across many U.S. states, including New York. We evaluated the effects of temperature, light, seed stratification, scarification, and population on percent germination in four experiments over
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An integrated weed management strategy for the control of horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Theodore R. Vanhie; François J. Tardif; Peter Smith; Saeed Vazan; Michael Cowbrough; Clarence J. Swanton
Multiple herbicide-resistant populations of horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist] continue to spread rapidly throughout Ontario, notably in areas where no-till soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is grown. The occurrence of multiple herbicide resistance within these populations suggests that the future role of herbicide tank mixtures as a means of control will be limited. An integrated weed management
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Suppression of weed occurrence in a five-year corn–earthworm coculture system Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Tao Li; Jiequn Fan; Zhenguan Qian; Guohui Yuan; Dandan Meng; Shuiliang Guo; Weiguang Lv
The use of a corn–earthworm coculture (CE) system is an eco-agricultural technology that has been gradually extended due to its high economic output and diverse ecological benefits for urban agriculture in China. However, the effect of CE on weed occurrence has received little attention. A 5-yr successive experiment (2015 to 2019) was conducted to compare weed occurrence in CE and a corn (Zea mays
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Seed retention of grass weeds at wheat harvest in the Pacific Northwest Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Carolina San Martín; Mark E. Thorne; Jennifer A. Gourlie; Drew J. Lyon; Judit Barroso
Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) may control problematic weeds by decreasing contributions to the weed seedbank. However, HWSC practices will not be effective if plants have shed a great part of their seeds before harvest or if a low proportion of seed production is retained at a height that enables collection during harvest. The seed-shattering pattern of several weed species was evaluated over three
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Seasonal nonstructural carbohydrate patterns in dewberry (Rubus spp.) roots Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Katherine M. Ghantous; Hilary A. Sandler
Applying control measures when carbohydrate levels are low can decrease the likelihood of plant survival, but little is known about the carbohydrate cycles of dewberry (Rubus spp.), a problematic weed group on cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) farms. Weedy Rubus plants were collected from areas adjacent to production beds on commercial cranberry farms in Massachusetts, two locations per year
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Target-site mutation and enhanced metabolism confer resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl in a multiple-resistant redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) population Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Yi Cao; Shouhui Wei; Hongjuan Huang; Wenyu Li; Chaoxian Zhang; Zhaofeng Huang
Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is a troublesome dicot weed species widely distributed across China. A population of A. retroflexus that survived the recommended label rate of thifensulfuron-methyl was collected from the main soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production area in China. Whole-plant dose–response assays indicated that the resistant (R) population was highly resistant (61.80-fold)
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Weeding performance of a spring-tine harrow as affected by timing and operational parameters Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Zhiwei Zeng; Amy Martin; Ying Chen; Xu Ma
The spring-tine harrow is gaining popularity for mechanical weeding. However, its weeding performance and mechanism have not been well understood. A spring-tine harrow was first tested in a controlled indoor soil bin at four different travel speeds (4, 6, 8, and 10 km h−1) with three different spring-loading settings (low, medium, and high). Then the harrow was tested in a wheat (Triticum aestivum
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Relationship between weedy rice (Oryza sativa) infestation level and agronomic practices in Italian rice farms Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Aldo Ferrero; Silvia Fogliatto; Andrea Barberi; Francesco Vidotto
Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a troublesome rice (Oryza sativa L.) weed in Italy and in many other rice areas. The objective of this study was to correlate the O. sativa infestation level in northern Italy, the main European rice-growing area, with agricultural practices adopted by farmers by using data obtained from a farmer survey. In 2018 to 2019, a survey was carried out on 98 rice farms chosen
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Glyphosate-induced hormesis: impact on seedling growth and reproductive potential of common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Ahmadreza Mobli; Amar Matloob; Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
In Australia, glyphosate is widely used in glyphosate-tolerant crops and fallows to control weeds such as common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.). It has been hypothesized that glyphosate at sublethal doses, as a consequence of herbicide drift, may have a stimulatory effect on S. oleraceus growth. In 2017, pot trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of low doses of glyphosate on growth and seed
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Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) interference and seed production as affected by sowing time and crop density in winter wheat Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Muhammad Javaid Akhter; Per Kudsk; Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen; Bo Melander
Field experiments were conducted in the growing seasons of 2017 to 2018 and 2018 to 2019 to evaluate the competitive effects of rattail fescue [Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.] in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to assess whether delayed crop sowing and increased crop density influence the emergence, competitiveness, and fecundity of V. myuros. Cumulative emergence showed the potential of V.
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Germination biology of three populations of Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 Aakansha Chadha; Singarayer K. Florentine; Kunjithapatham Dhileepan; Kim Dowling; Christopher Turville
Navua sedge [Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. & Kük.] is an aggressive perennial sedge native to equatorial Africa that has become problematic in many Pacific islands and wet, tropical Queensland, Australia. It has had a significant impact on the livestock-grazing industry, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and banana (Musa acuminata Colla) plantations, and various other ecosystems. A laboratory-based
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Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnatherum inebrians) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Yonghuan Yue; Guili Jin; Weihua Lu; Ke Gong; Wanqiang Han; Wenhao Liu; Xueer Wu
Drunken horse grass [Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng] is a perennial poisonous weed in western China. A comprehensive understanding of the ecological response of A. inebrians germination to environmental factors would facilitate the formulation of better management strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of various abiotic factors, including
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Survey of rice production practices and perception of weedy red rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) in Taiwan Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 Yung-Fen Huang; Dong-Hong Wu; Chih-Lu Wang; Pei-Rong Du; Chih-Yun Cheng; Chia-Chi Cheng
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary staple crop in Taiwan, and it can be grown twice a year. The prevalent subspecies grown in Taiwan is Japonica, and a transplanting system is used for rice production. Although the transplanting system is known for efficient weed control at the seedling stage, weedy red rice (WRR, O. sativa f. spontanea) infestation is progressively being reported. Fieldwork and
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Increased absorption and translocation contribute to improved efficacy of dicamba to control early growth stage Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) – CORRIGENDUM Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Ivan Cuvaca; Randall Currie; Kraig Roozeboom; Jack Fry; Mithila Jugulam
Rapid growth of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) poses a challenge for timely management of this weed. Dose–response studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 under field and greenhouse conditions near Garden City and Manhattan, KS, respectively, to evaluate the efficacy of dicamba to control ≤10-, 15-cm, and 30-cm-tall A. palmeri, which mimics three herbicide application timings: on-time
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Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 1: Broadleaf species Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro; Lovreet S. Shergill; Jeffrey A. Evans; Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Shawn C. Beam; Mandy D. Bish; Jason A. Bond; Kevin W. Bradley; William S. Curran; Adam S. Davis; Wesley J. Everman; Michael L. Flessner; Steven C. Haring; Nicholas R. Jordan; Nicholas E. Korres; John L. Lindquist; Jason K. Norsworthy; Tameka L. Sanders; Larry E. Steckel; Mark J. VanGessel; Blake Young; Steven
Potential effectiveness of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems depends upon seed shatter of the target weed species at crop maturity, enabling its collection and processing at crop harvest. However, seed retention likely is influenced by agroecological and environmental factors. In 2016 and 2017, we assessed seed-shatter phenology in 13 economically important broadleaf weed species in soybean
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Seed-shattering phenology at soybean harvest of economically important weeds in multiple regions of the United States. Part 2: Grass species Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro; Lovreet S. Shergill; Jeffrey A. Evans; Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan; Shawn C. Beam; Mandy D. Bish; Jason A. Bond; Kevin W. Bradley; William S. Curran; Adam S. Davis; Wesley J. Everman; Michael L. Flessner; Steven C. Haring; Nicholas R. Jordan; Nicholas E. Korres; John L. Lindquist; Jason K. Norsworthy; Tameka L. Sanders; Larry E. Steckel; Mark J. VanGessel; Blake Young; Steven
Seed shatter is an important weediness trait on which the efficacy of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) depends. The level of seed shatter in a species is likely influenced by agroecological and environmental factors. In 2016 and 2017, we assessed seed shatter of eight economically important grass weed species in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] from crop physiological maturity to 4 wk after maturity
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Sensitivity to salinity at the emergence and seedling stages of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), weedy rice (Oryza sativa), and rice with different tolerances to ALS-inhibiting herbicides Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 Silvia Fogliatto; Lorenzo Patrucco; Marco Milan; Francesco Vidotto
Salinization is affecting many rice (Oryza sativa L.) areas worldwide and weed infestation, together with the occurrence of herbicide-resistant populations, is further limiting rice yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of water salinity on the emergence and seedling growth of five Italian barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] populations (three sensitive and two resistant
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Gene expression and target-site mutations are associated with resistance to ALS inhibitors in annual sedge (Cyperus compressus) biotypes from Georgia Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Jialin Yu; Patrick E. McCullough; J. Scott McElroy; David Jespersen; Donn G. Shilling
Annual sedge (Cyperus compressus L.) populations with resistance to halosulfuron were identified in turfgrass at two new locations in Georgia. Research was conducted to evaluate (1) resistance levels to two acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, (2) ALS enzyme susceptibility, (3) genetic differences associated with resistance, and (4) differential levels of ALS gene expression in these biotypes. In
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Under pressure: maternal effects promote drought tolerance in progeny seed of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 Maor Matzrafi; O. Adewale Osipitan; Sara Ohadi; Mohsen B. Mesgaran
The environmental conditions under which parental plants are reared can affect the seed characteristics of the progeny. The variation originating from such maternal effects has rarely been incorporated into models of seed germination. Here, using Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), we examined the effects of water stress during the growth of parental plants on the progeny seed characteristics
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Metabolic changes, agronomic performance, and quality of seeds in soybean with the pat gene after application of glufosinate Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 Alfredo Junior P. Albrecht; Ivana Paula F. S. de Brito; Leandro P. Albrecht; André Felipe M. Silva; Ana Karollyna A. de Matos; Caio Antonio Carbonari; Edivaldo D. Velini
The transgenic Liberty Link® (LL) soybean is tolerant to glufosinate, conferred by the enzyme phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT), which is encoded by the pat gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. Because symptoms of injury can be observed in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants in some situations, this study evaluated the effects of rates of glufosinate on agronomic performance; quality
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Behavior of sulfentrazone in the soil as influenced by cover crop before no-till soybean planting Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Gabrielle de Castro Macedo; Caio Antonio Carbonari; Edivaldo Domingues Velini; Giovanna Larissa Gimenes Cotrick Gomes; Ana Karollyna Alves de Matos; Edicarlos Batista de Castro; Nilda Roma Burgos
More than 80% of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Brazil is cultivated in no-till systems, and although cover crops benefit the soil, they may reduce the amount of residual herbicides reaching the soil, thereby decreasing herbicide efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate sulfentrazone applied alone, sequentially after glyphosate, and in a tank mixture with glyphosate before planting
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Role of cover crops and nicosulfuron dosage on weed control and productivity in corn crop Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Omid R. Zandvakili; Masoud Hashemi; Mohammad R. Chaichi; Allen V. Barker; Reza Keshavarz Afshar; Hamid R. Mashhadi; Mostafa Oveysi; Maryam Sabet
A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the University of Tehran to evaluate the effect of cover crops and herbicide (nicosulfuron) dosage on corn (Zea mays L.) productivity. Cover crops suppressed weed biomass and density during the fallow period; however, there was no significant effect on weed biomass or weed density in the subsequent corn crop. A mixture of cereal rye (Secale cereale
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Effects of herbicide management practices on the weed density and richness in dicamba-resistant cropping systems in Indiana Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Connor L. Hodgskiss; Travis R. Legleiter; Bryan G. Young; William G. Johnson
The addition of dicamba as a weed control option in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a valuable tool. However, this technology must be utilized with other herbicide sites of action (SOAs) to reduce selection pressure on weed communities and ensure its prolonged usefulness. A long-term trial was conducted for 7 yr in Indiana to evaluate weed community densities and species richness with four levels
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Susceptibility of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to herbicides in accessions collected from the North Carolina Coastal Plain Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Denis J. Mahoney; David L. Jordan; Nilda Roma-Burgos; Katherine M. Jennings; Ramon G. Leon; Matthew C. Vann; Wesley J. Everman; Charles W. Cahoon
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) populations resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides and glyphosate are fairly common throughout the state of North Carolina (NC). This has led farm managers to rely more heavily on herbicides with other sites of action (SOA) for A. palmeri control, especially protoporphyrinogen oxidase and glutamine synthetase inhibitors. In the
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Managing herbicide resistance in China Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Xiangying Liu; Austin Merchant; Shihai Xiang; Tao Zong; Xuguo Zhou; Lianyang Bai
Since its initial introduction in the late 1950s, chemical control has dominated weed management practices in China. Not surprisingly, the development of herbicide resistance has become the biggest threat to long-term, sustainable weed management in China. Given that China has followed the same laissez-faire approach toward resistance management that has been practiced in developed countries such as
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Herbicidal activity and molecular docking study of novel PPO inhibitors Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Li-Xia Zhao; Mao-Jun Jiang; Jia-Jun Hu; Yue-Li Zou; Shuang Gao; Ying Fu; Fei Ye
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) is an important target for discovering new herbicides that interfere with the synthesis of porphyrin. To discover new PPO inhibitors with improved biological activity, a series of new diphenyl ethers containing tetrahydrophthalimide were designed and synthesized. Among them, J6.1 (IC50 = 4.7 nM) and J6.3 (IC50 = 30.0 nM) show higher maize (Zea mays L.) PPO inhibitory
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Predation on weed seeds and seedlings by Pheretima guillelmi and its potential for weed biocontrol Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Tao Li; Jiequn Fan; Zhenguan Qian; Guohui Yuan; Dandan Meng; Shuiliang Guo; Weiguang Lv
The soil weed seedbank is the source of future weed infestations. Seed predation can result in a large number of seed losses, thus contributing to weed biocontrol. Earthworms are important predators of seeds and seedlings and affect seeds and seedling survival after gut passage. A study was conducted to assess the ability of Pheretima guillelmi (Kinberg) to ingest and digest the seeds and seedlings
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Incorporating environmental factors to describe wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) seedling emergence and plant phenology Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Theresa Reinhardt Piskackova; S. Chris Reberg-Horton; Robert J. Richardson; Katie M. Jennings; Ramon G. Leon
Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) is a weed found globally in agricultural systems. The facultative winter annual nature of this plant and high genetic variability makes modeling its growth and phenology difficult. In the present study, R. raphanistrum natural seedbanks exhibited a biphasic pattern of emergence, with emergence peaks occurring in both fall and spring. Traditional sigmoidal models
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The problem of Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp. and their management in Iran Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Iraj Nosratti; Ahmadreza Mobli; Gholamreza Mohammadi; Ali Reza Yousefi; Peyman Sabeti; Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Broomrape species (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) pose a tremendous threat to economically important crops in Iran; however, there is little information on the country’s major broomrape species, their distribution and host ranges, and the subsequent crop losses they cause. The literature from Iran describes Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.), hemp broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.)
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Response of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible biotypes of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) to increased carbon dioxide and variable soil moisture Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Ahmadreza Mobli; Singarayer K Florentine; Prashant Jha; Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
The growth response of annual sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) to anticipated future climate conditions is currently unknown, and thus two parallel studies were conducted dealing with glyphosate-resistant (GR) and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotypes of S. oleraceus. The glyphosate efficacy study was conducted using different doses of glyphosate (0 [control], 180, 360, 720 [recommended dose], and
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Weed competition in organic and no-till conventional soils under nonlimiting nutrient conditions Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Dilshan Benaragama; Steven J. Shirtliffe
Some well-managed organic soils are known to have higher crop yield potential than conventionally managed soils due to the greater soil quality and the ability to tolerate weed competition. However, low available soil mineral N and P in some organic systems may mask such soil quality–related benefits. We hypothesize that when plant-available N and P are not limiting, tillage-based highly diverse organic
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Germination ecology of dwarf amaranth (Amaranthus macrocarpus): an emerging weed in Australian cotton cropping systems Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Md Asaduzzaman; Eric Koetz; Hanwen Wu
Dwarf amaranth (Amaranthus macrocarpus Benth.) is a problematic broadleaf weed in many crops in Australia; however, no information is available on the germination ecology of this species. Seeds from two populations of this species were collected from Hillston, NSW, Australia (D-P-01), and Yandilla, QLD, Australia (D-P-02). Seeds were germinated at a range of constant (20 to 45 C) and alternating temperatures
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Germination ecology of giant chickweed (Myosoton aquaticum) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 Hengzhi Wang; Lipeng Wang; Shuang Bai; Wenlei Guo; Jinxin Wang; Weitang Liu
Giant chickweed [Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench], a troublesome broadleaf weed species, is widespread in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in China. However, limited information is available on its germination and seedling emergence ecology. Thus, three M. aquaticum populations (JS, HN, and AH) from different geographic regions were studied under laboratory conditions to determine the effects
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Growth and development of spring crops in competition with oat in the dryland Mediterranean climate of eastern Washington Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Misha R. Manuchehri; E. Pat Fuerst; Stephen O. Guy; Bahman Shafii; Dennis L. Pittmann; Ian C. Burke
Weed management during spring crop production in eastern Washington presents many challenges. Many spring crops are weak competitors with weeds. In May of 2010 and 2011, two spring crop trials were initiated near Pullman, WA, to compare the relative competitiveness of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.) using cultivated
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Crop Biomass Not Species Richness Drives Weed Suppression in Warm-Season Annual Grass–Legume Intercrops in the Northeast – CORRIGENDUM Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 K. Ann Bybee-Finley; Steven B. Mirsky; Matthew R. Ryan
Intercropping with functionally diverse crops can reduce the availability of resources that could otherwise be used by weeds. An experiment was conducted across 6 site-years in New York and Maryland in 2013 and 2014 to examine the effects of functional diversity and crop species richness on weed suppression. We compared four annual crop species that differed in stature and nitrogen acquisition traits:
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Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) germination and growth responses to light: implications for logging debris retention after forest harvesting Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Timothy B. Harrington
Scotch broom [Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link] is a large nonnative, leguminous shrub that threatens native plant communities by rapidly invading recently disturbed sites, competing vigorously for soil water and nutrients, and imparting soil legacy effects that inhibit native plants. In the Pacific Northwest, logging debris retention after forest harvesting prevents or slows C. scoparius invasions. A series
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Glufosinate enhances the activity of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Hudson K Takano; Roland Beffa; Christopher Preston; Philip Westra; Franck E Dayan
Glufosinate inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme for amino acid metabolism and photorespiration. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors block chlorophyll biosynthesis and cause protoporphyrin accumulation, a highly photodynamic intermediate. Both herbicides ultimately lead to plant death by a massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through different mechanisms. We investigated
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Dicamba translocation in soybean and accumulation in seed Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 Maria Leticia M. Zaccaro; Jason K. Norsworthy; Chad B. Brabham
The dicamba-resistant cropping system was developed to be used as a tool to control multiple-resistant weed species, particularly Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson). However, dicamba applications have resulted in off-target movement of the herbicide to susceptible neighboring vegetation, with frequent damage to non–dicamba resistant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Pod malformation and
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Incidence of multiple herbicide resistance in annual bluegrass (Poa annua) across southeastern Australia Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 Rajesh Barua; Peter Boutsalis; Jenna Malone; Gurjeet Gill; Christopher Preston
Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic annual weed in established turf where the intensive use of herbicides has resulted in the evolution of herbicide resistance. In 2017, 31 populations of P. annua suspected to be resistant to herbicides commonly used to control this weed in turf were collected from golf courses across southeastern Australia to check the resistance status to different herbicide
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Limited induction of ethylene and cyanide synthesis are observed in quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Uruguay Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 Manuel Diez Vignola; Martha Sainz; Néstor E. Saldain; Claudia Marchesi; Victoria Bonnecarrère; Pedro Díaz Gadea
Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv] is the foremost weed in rice (Oryza sativa L.) systems, and its control is crucial to successful rice production. Quinclorac, a synthetic auxin herbicide, has been used effectively to manage E. crus-galli. However, occurrences of quinclorac-resistant genotypes are frequently reported, and its resistance evolution has led to questions about the continued
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Association between metabolic resistances to atrazine and mesotrione in a multiple-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) population Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 Kip E Jacobs; Carrie J. Butts-Wilmsmeyer; Rong Ma; Sarah R. O’Brien; Dean E. Riechers
Metabolic resistances to atrazine (atz-R) and mesotrione (meso-R) occur in several waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] populations in the United States. Interestingly, although metabolic atz-R but mesotrione-sensitive A. tuberculatus populations have been reported, an Amaranthus population has not been confirmed as meso-R but atrazine-sensitive, implying an association between these traits
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Inhibition of wheat growth planted after glyphosate application to weeds Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-05-04 Se Ji Jang; Carol Mallory-Smith; Yong In Kuk
Glyphosate is easily translocated from shoots to roots and released into the rhizosphere. The objective of this study was to clarify the influence of glyphosate residues in the root tissue of glyphosate-treated weeds on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and shikimate accumulation. Foliar application to 5-leaf downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) planted in sandy loam soil reduced wheat (‘Tubbs 06’) shoot
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Carbohydrate, phytohormone, and associated transcriptome changes during storage root formation in alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 Junliang Yin; Jie Tian; Gang Li; Yongxing Zhu; Xiaokang Zhou; Yang He; Peiyao Nie; Yanmeng Su; Qiwen Zhong; Zhongyi Chen
The storage root of alligatorweed [Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.] growing in terrestrial habitats is an important metamorphic organ for its propagation, overwintering, and spread. However, the regulatory mechanism adventitious root expansion to form storage roots is still unclear. To reveal the changes accompanying the root-swelling process, we quantified sugar, soluble protein, and phytohormone
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Influence of establishment timing on growth and fecundity of two itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) biotypes grown in Louisiana Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Douglas J. Spaunhorst
Itchgrass [Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton] is among the most troublesome weeds in subtropical climates where sugarcane (Saccharum spp. interspecific hybrids) is cultivated. Two R. cochinchinensis biotypes commonly infest sugarcane in Louisiana. The Louisiana-1 biotype is daylength neutral, but Louisiana-2 flowered when daylength decreased to 13 h. Coupled with biotype diversity, seedling
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Ameliorating soil acidity–reduced growth of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in wheat Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Catherine P. D. Borger; Gaus Azam; Chris Gazey; Andrew van Burgel; Craig A. Scanlan
Estimates indicate that 30% of land surface globally is affected by soil acidity, influencing agricultural production. Application of lime increases soil pH and improves crop growth. We tested the hypothesis that liming will reduce rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin) growth by improving the competitive ability of the crop. Experiments at Merredin and Wongan Hills in Western Australia indicated that
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Flufenacet activity is affected by GST inhibitors in blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) populations with reduced flufenacet sensitivity and higher expression levels of GSTs Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 Rebecka Dücker; Evlampia Parcharidou; Roland Beffa
The WSSA Group 15 (HRAC Group K3) herbicide flufenacet is a key compound in weed resistance management, primarily used for PRE control of grass weeds in winter cereal–based crop rotations in Europe. Although resistance to compounds of its mechanism of action (inhibition of the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids) generally evolves slowly, reduced flufenacet efficacy due to enhanced glutathione
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Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) seed shattering in wheat, corn, and soybean Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Marie-Josée Simard; Robert E. Nurse; Eric R. Page; Gaétan Bourgeois
Before any late-season weed control operations are planned to manage herbicide-resistant weeds, it is essential to evaluate the plants’ maturity and shattering potential. Our goal was to assess the seed-shattering phenology of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) using pollination bags as seed traps. A secondary goal was to evaluate the efficiency of these traps. Trials were conducted from 2014
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Vernalization affects absorption and translocation of clopyralid and aminopyralid in rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-06-19 Tara L. Burke; Ian C. Burke
The developmental status of perennial weeds such as rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) can influence herbicide absorption and translocation. Differential efficacy between fall and spring applications suggests vernalization impacts herbicide absorption and translocation in other perennial asters. Clopyralid and aminopyralid absorption and translocation were quantified in nonvernalized and vernalized
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Alternative performance targets for integrating cover crops as a proactive herbicide-resistance management tool Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 Jess M. Bunchek; John M. Wallace; William S. Curran; David A. Mortensen; Mark J. VanGessel; Barbara A. Scott
Intensified cover-cropping practices are increasingly viewed as a herbicide-resistance management tool but clear distinction between reactive and proactive resistance management performance targets is needed. We evaluated two proactive performance targets for integrating cover-cropping tactics, including (1) facilitation of reduced herbicide inputs and (2) reduced herbicide selection pressure. We conducted
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The effects of integrating a cereal rye cover crop with herbicides on glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in no-till soybean Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 Alyssa I. Essman; Mark M. Loux; Alexander J. Lindsey; Anthony F. Dobbels; Emilie E. Regnier
Current recommendations for the control of glyphosate-resistant horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist var. canadensis] in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] consist of comprehensive herbicide programs, which often include herbicide applications outside the soybean growing season. Integration of cover crops with herbicides could potentially improve C. canadensis control and allow for a reduction
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Detection of grassy weeds in bermudagrass with deep convolutional neural networks Weed Sci. (IF 2.258) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 Jialin Yu; Arnold W. Schumann; Shaun M. Sharpe; Xuehan Li; Nathan S. Boyd
Spot spraying POST herbicides is an effective approach to reduce herbicide input and weed control cost. Machine vision detection of grass or grass-like weeds in turfgrass systems is a challenging task due to the similarity in plant morphology. In this work, we explored the feasibility of using image classification with deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN), including AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and VGGNet
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