Abstract: The present study set out to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke on oxidant-antioxidant systems of homogenized bovine lung tissue and the possible protective effects of cigarette filters impregnated with vitamin C and lemon juice. Cigarette smoke was passed into bovine lung homogenate supernatant and malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, paraoxonase-1

Abstract Hexavalent chromium has been widely distributed in the environment by natural and anthropogenic sources characterized by higher toxicological and solubility properties than the trivalent form. Remediation-by-reduction of chromium (VI) to chromium (III) through the use of chemicals has offered an environmental and cost-effective approach for chromate detoxification. One of the major disadvantages

Abstract Coke-oven workers are occupationally exposed to high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, 1-hydroxypyrene, 9-hydroxyphenantrene, and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene levels were determined in the urine of occupationally exposed coke-oven worker as markers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The validated high-pressure liquid chromatography method with fluorescence

Abstract α-Mangostin is a primary active compound found in mangosteen pericarp that has been used as a traditional medicine in Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia. Since toxicological information is limited, developmental toxicity and transcriptional effects of α-mangostin during embryogenesis of zebrafish were studied. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to α-mangostin (up to 15 µmol/L) from

Abstract Glyphosate, widely used herbicide, is considered harmful to the environment and human health. Its effects on growth rate and genotoxicity of Ipomoea aquatica were assessed in this work. The plants were grown in the soil which supplemented with glyphosate at 1- to 3-fold the recommended dose. After 30 days, lengths and dry weights of the roots and shoots were found to decrease in a concentration-dependent

Abstract In food industry, nanotechnology has been an attractive technology that can revolutionize the food sector ranging from food processing to food packaging, safety, and finally, shelf-life extension. Herein, the consumer perception of nanoparticles’ use in the food industry is a determining factor in their successful implementation and commercialization. The European Union (EU) Commission and

Abstract Human lymphocytes as well as zebrafish embryos were used to study the toxicity of acrylamide, and the intervention effects of the dietary antioxidants (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin have been examined. The alkaline comet assay revealed that acrylamide (1, 5, 10 mmol/L) had dose-response effects on basic DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Exposure of zebrafish

Abstract The study aimed to determine copper, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead, zinc and manganese in four species of medicinal plants, widely used in phytotherapy, as well as to evaluate their transfer rate in aqueous preparations such as infusion, decoction and cold maceration. The medicinal plants were purchased randomly from local producers, near the city of Otopeni and analyzed using atomic absorption

Abstract Tartrazine is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries worldwide, despite its many toxic effects. The therapeutic effects of crocin (50 mg/kg/day) against tartrazine-induced (500 mg/kg/day) oxidative damage in ileum and colon tissues in rats have been investigated. Malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels elevated by tartrazine within the ileum and colon tissues were

Paul Crutzen: 1933-2021. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. Accepted 6 June 2021.

Abstract Zinc oxide nanoparticles are incorporated into cosmetics and sunscreens, and are widely used in biomedical applications and food industry. The increasing use of zinc oxide nanoparticles raises concern about their safety. This aim of the study was to assess the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on oxidative and genotoxic parameters in thyroid gland and liver of adult albino rats. Rats were

Carbon black is not black carbon. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. Accepted 25 May 2021.

Abstract Compared to other existing carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes are recognized for their significant properties. Despite their strong adsorption affinity, the difficulty of their dispersion and separation leads to limit their application in practical water treatment. Moreover, wastewater contamination by noxious organics such as bisphenol A and methylene blue dye compounds has become a world-wide

Abstract TiO2-SiO2 mixed oxides in ratios between 20: 80 and 80: 20 have been prepared using a sol-gel method. To make full use of catalysis, optimization conditions such as SiO2 content, solution pH, and catalyst loading were investigated. The photocatalysts were characterized spectroscopically as nanoparticles of small crystallite size. Their efficiency for UV-A light induced photocatalytic degradation

Abstract Nanoparticles are used for several commercial applications, especially medical applications, energy-based research, and environmental applications. The usage of Nanoparticles is increasing worldwide due to their unique properties, so all livings are exposed to these materials deliberately or unknowingly. The toxic nanoparticles disrupt the ecological balance of environment. The accumulation

Abstract Phytotoxicological evaluation of ZnO nanoparticles is important to determine the possible effects on ecosystems. Although bulk Zn2+ ions can be used by plants as an essential micronutrient, it has many adverse effects on living organisms in nano-size. In this study, the growth, the development, and the stress effects of ZnO and Ni doped (5%) ZnO nanoparticles on wheat (Triticum aestivum -İkizce

Abstract Curcumin analogs are synthesized with solid support under the concept of green chemistry, i.e. in the absence of organic solvents or hazardous chemicals using silica-sulfuric acid under solvent free conditions. Their structures are established through infrared, NMR, and mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized curcumin analogs are evaluated

Abstract A rapid, simple and accurate extraction QuEChERS method was used for simultaneous determination of 22 hormones with a wide range of polarities in 35 infant formulae by use of LC–ESI-MS/MS. In the present method, some changes were made compared to other methods, which include eliminating the enzymatic hydrolysis step, derivatization and performing analysis a wide range of analytes with different

Abstract In the case of wastewater treatment, many researche’s are mainly focused on nanopowder-type photocatalysts that have high efficiency because of their good dispersibility and high specific surface area. Ironically, these properties of nanopowder photocatalysts cause some drawbacks in their recovery from treated water, making practical applications in wastewater treatment difficult. The use

Abstract Morali, Akkopru, and Kurbas Rivers are rivers flowing into Van Lake passing through the highly populated Van City, Turkey. They carry domestic and industrial wastewater to Van Lake. For assessment of the environmental load from these rivers to the lake, a sampling investigation from October 2019 to September 2020 was carried out. Chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and nitrogenous

Abstract The liver plays a central role in metabolism, so excessive exposure to drugs and other xenobiotics may result in hepatotoxicity. A protective effect of taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, against hepatotoxicity induced by chemicals has been shown in vivo and in vitro. In this review, data available from such studies about the hepatoprotective effects of taurine are presented and

Abstract Zinc, cadmium, and lead in livers, kidneys, and feathers of 48 young and adult Atlantic puffins found dead or dying off the coast of Galicia (Northwest Spain) were determined. The most abundant between the three elements was the essential metal zinc, with highest mean levels (173 ± 9 mg/kg dry weight) in livers. For the two non-essential metals, the highest mean levels of cadmium were found

(2021). Comments of the reviewer to letter of Zahra Abpeikar, Roohollah Mohseni & Mohsen Safaei: ‘The multifunctional nano-immunoliposome design: hypothesis on a therapeutic approach for COVID-19’. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry: Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 126-127.

Abstract The article presents a hypothesis on a co-delivery strategy to suppress or reduce infection caused by the COVID-19 virus. Co-delivery was illustrated in many diseases, and results showed that it produced a high therapeutic efficacy against disorders. We proposed an approach to suppress or reduce infection caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 via designing an intelligent nano-liposome loaded

Abstract Zinc, cadmium, and lead in livers, kidneys, and feathers of 48 young and adult Atlantic puffins found dead or dying off the coast of Galicia (Northwest Spain) were determined. Most abundant between the three elements was the essential metal zinc, with highest mean levels (173 ± 9 mg/kg dry weight) in livers. For the two non-essential metals, highest mean levels of cadmium were found in kidneys

Abstract This discussion paper looks into the COVID-19 induced lockdown on the air quality of the five most polluted cities in India. There were significant reductions in the concentrations of particulate matter, ≤ 2.5 µm and ≤ 10 µm, NO2, and CO during lockdown compared to that in 2019. Even then, the levels of particulate matter never reached the target specified by the World Health Organization

The aim of this study was to determine the cytogenotoxic effects of methylparaben, ethylparaben and butylparaben using battery of tests in plant cells (Allium cepa assay) and human lymphocytes (chr...

Abstract Small-scale gold mining activities and their mercury emissions in the Gorontalo Utara Regency of the Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, have been studied. The mining occurs in many areas of this region, but especially in the three villages Hulawa, Ilangata and Ilangata Barat. Mining activities in the Hulawa village are the oldest (19th century) in the regency, whereas mining in

Abstract Flower like zinc oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized and the effects of their aqueous suspensions at 200–1000 mg/L on seed germination and seedlings of Triticum aestivum have been investigated. When treated with suspensions of zinc oxide nanoparticles at concentrations of 200–1000 mg/L, germination was reduced to 45% and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids) were

Abstract Chinese Cordyceps is a famous fungus–larva symbiont. In this study, the levels of Pb, Ni, As, and Cd and some major metals in the soil environment that may contribute to the occurrence of Chinese Cordyceps have been determined. Assessments showed that potential ecological risks in the study areas from these elements were low and in the order of Cd > As > Pb > Ni. Multiple linear regression

Abstract Selenium is a nutrient element essential for the growth and reproduction of plants and animals. Generally, selenium nanoparticle has a high level of absorption in regular supplementation comparative to selenium. In this study, selenium nanoparticles have been synthesized using a cell-free extract of Geobacillus as a reducing and stabilizing agent. This is for the first time; Geobacillus has

Abstract Zinc pyrithione is an organometallic compound with antimicrobial activity used in many industrial products. In this study, cytotoxicity (cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, proliferation rate, and mitotic index) and genotoxicity (sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus test) of zinc pyrithione on human lymphocytes were determined. Intracellular zinc concentrations were determined

Abstract The influence of ibuprofen exposure during the perinatal period, when the brain sexual differentiation process occurs, on the sexual behavior and fertility of female offspring Wistar rats has been evaluated. Ibuprofen was orally administered to the dams at doses of 0, 10, 30 or 60 mg/kg during the gestational (from day 15 to delivery) and lactational period. Females exposed to ibuprofen showed

Abstract On a global basis, walnuts rank second behind almonds in nut production and China, the United States and Iran are, respectively top producers of this nut. Generally, the nuts are exposed to relatively high temperatures and high humidity which predispose fungal growth. Hence, it is of crucial importance to regularly check the levels of toxins produced by fungi in these products, and subsequently

Abstract The herbicides may have adverse effects on the soil microorganism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of herbicides pendimethalin and imazethapyr and mixture thereof on the growth of Rhizobium leguminosarum M-1, Rhizobium leguminosarum LSMR-1 and Strenotrophomonas maltophilia RB-3 in vitro and on soil microflora (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) at field conditions. The

Abstract Formaldehyde (FA) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and a group 1 carcinogen. CD8+ T cells are specific tumor killers in the adaptive immune system. In this study, 2.0 mg/m3 respiratory FA exposure to male mice was found to selectively reduce mature CD8+ T cells in the spleen and the CD8 T cells in the thymus. In order to monitor the exposure of FA in vitro, a fluorescent FA donor was

Abstract In the present investigation, groundwater samples (n = 508) collected from northern, central, and southern Punjab were analyzed for the detection of potentially hazardous metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr) and As using atomic absorption spectrometer. Lead was observed as a predominant contaminant with 167 (32.8%) samples exceeding the permissible limit, followed by As, with 19 (3.7%) samples above the

Abstract Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances, especially perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), have been extensively used for over 50 years. A growing body of evidence has emerged demonstrating the potential adverse effects of these substances, including its effect on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases. Nonetheless, there is no

Abstract To evaluate the effects of exogenous selenium on cadmium tolerance and accumulation in two varieties of cucumber, pot experiments with cadmium at 10 mg/kg soil were conducted. Plant biomass, cadmium bioaccumulation, cadmium speciation, and antioxidative enzyme activity, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase were determined. Exogenous selenium (1 mg/L

(2020). SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: changes in air quality during the lockdown in Zagreb (Republic of Croatia) Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry: Vol. 102, No. 5-6, pp. 302-303.

Abstract Lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates with the thickness of 50–150 nm and tetragonal bismuth oxide, monoclinic lithium bismuthate phases have been synthesized via a simple hydrothermal process using lithium acetate and sodium bismuthate as the raw materials. Cobalt nanoparticles modified lithium-doped bismuth oxide nanoplates hybrids were obtained by an in situ photo-deposition route. The

Abstract Small-scale miners often engage in environmentally damaging activities, are subject to poor safety conditions, and utilize inefficient mineral extraction technologies. Here, we explore environmental impacts to surface waters from regional artisanal small-scale gold placer mining operations conducted in iron and aluminum-rich saprolites found within the lateritic, interior Amazon rainforest

Abstract This study reports on new particle formation (NPF) and characteristic features observed from a rural site falling in the rainshadow of the Western Ghats in peninsular India. A total of 35 NPF events observed during August 2018 - January 2019 are classified and analyzed here. The apparent formation rates ranged from 0.2 to 10.0 cm–3 s–1, while the growth rates of nucleation mode particles ranged

Abstract Festuca rubra L. plants are pseudometallophytes colonizing abandoned Pb/Zn mine areas, successfully employed in phytostabilization. To study the contribution of low-molecular weight organic acids to metal tolerance, F. rubra plants were grown for three months in hydroponics with Cd (1.8, 18 and 36 µmol L−1), Pb (50, 250 and 500 µmol L−1) and Zn (0.3, 3 and 6 mmol L−1), separately, and in ternary

Abstract This study reports the concentrations of total mercury and methyl mercury in sixteen families of marine biota caught off the coast of Kasimedu in Chennai, India, an important but understudied fish landing region. These included the commonly caught croakers, carangids, rays, goat fish, anchovies, crabs, and prawns. There was no correlation between total mercury or methyl mercury with fish length

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of zinc nanoparticles against cisplatin-induced testicular toxicity in mice. Zinc nanoparticles were produced by microwave-assisted synthesis using Lavandula vera extract as reducing agent. Single doses of cisplatin (7 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and ZnSO4 (10 mg/kg, orally), and various doses of zinc nanoparticles (10 − 50 mg/kg

Abstract Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the seasonal and genetic variations of Cd accumulation among 18 pakchoi cultivars (Brassica chinensis). The relationship between Cd accumulation and the transpiration rate was investigated as well through hydroponic experiment. Cd concentrations in the edible parts of pakchoi grown in summer (0.33–1.61 mg·kg−1) were about 1.1–1.7 times higher than

Abstract The main aim of this study was to histochemically estimate the relative copper content in the liver during the breeding cycle of female Ohrid trout, a wild population endemic to the Ohrid Lake. The histology of the oogenetic cycle in this species was documented for the first time. Histochemistry with semi-quantification revealed positive correlations between the gonadosomatic indices and copper

Abstract The methods conventionally used for the extraction of organic pollutants in different environmental matrices are not suitable for measuring low concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bioaccumulated in terrestrial snails that are both indicator of soil quality and a food item of various consumers including human being. A protocol, adapted from the QuEChERS method, originally designed

Abstract Boron concentrations in 335 tap water samples collected from 75 cities in Turkey have been determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Boron levels ranged between 0.001 and 5.5 mg/L. The lowest boron levels were in Trabzon, the highest in Kayseri. Boron levels in tap water from cities of the Aegean, Eastern, and Central Anatolian Regions were higher than those from cities of

Abstract Ractopamine, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, is commonly used as a repartitioning agent and growth promotor in animal agriculture. There is evidence that ractopamine can enter natural water sources from livestock wastes, at concentrations in the low ng/L range. Currently, aquatic toxicity data for ractopamine is scarce. Therefore, in two separate experiments Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed

Abstract If anthropogenic CO2 emissions are maintained at the current rate, the pH of freshwater ecosystems will drop by 0.2–0.3 pH units by the year 2100, which will have great effects on aquatic biota. The impact of acidification on the ostracod species Cypridopsis vidua as a model organism has been studied. To provide the best rearing conditions, a preliminary experiment with different food concentrations

Abstract Wooden sleepers used in railways are impregnated with preservatives with fungicidic and bactericidic properties, which contain a large amount of harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The aim of this research was to reveal the type of fungi in the rhizosphere of plants, which tolerate pollutants and can be involved in bioremediation process of creosote-contaminated used wooden railway

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a group of fluoro-surfactants widely detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans, have been linked to adverse health effects. A growing body of literature has addressed their effects on obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. This review summarizes the brief historical use and chemistry of per- and polyfluoroalkyl

Abstract Starting from the suspicion that the medicinal herbs may contain traces of pesticides and taking into account the risks of patients being exposed to contaminated products, the aim of this research was to evaluate the pesticide residues and the degree of their transfer (%) in three types of preparations (infusion, decoctionand cold maceration), for four medicinal plant species very often used

Abstract Contaminated food chain is a serious contender for arsenic (As) uptake around the globe. In Nadia, West Bengal, we trace possible means of transfer of As from multiple sources reaching different trophic levels, and associated seasonal variability leading to chronic As uptake. This work considers possible sources-pathways of As transfer through food chain in rural community. Arsenic concentration

Abstract Fusarubin analogues of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were investigated for antifungal activity in vitro against five soil borne phytopathogenic fungi. 3-O-Methyl-8-O-methyl-fusarubin was inhibitory towards S. sclerotiorum (EC50 0.33 mmol L−1) and Sclerotium rolfsii (EC50 0.38 mmol L−1). A structure–antifungal activity relationship of fusarubin analogues was established from their activity

Abstract This research is conducted to determine the larvicidal, repellent and pathological effects of fruit extracts of C. colocynthis on malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi Liston, 1901. The fruit water and ethanol extract of C. colocynthis were concentrated for larvicidal and repellent activities on human volunteer against An. stephensi. The temephos larvicide was tested as the positive

Abstract A large number of pesticides used in agricultural practice has been characterized or suspected to be Endocrine Disruptors, with dietary intake to be the major route of consumer’s exposure. In the present study the safety to consumer after the consumption of pome fruits and fruiting vegetables originated from the area of Thessaly, Central Greece was assessed. Objective samplings of 110 samples

Abstract In this study, The essential oil of flowers, fruits, and leaves of Thevetia peruviana, which were collected in Vietnam, were being reported for the first time. The essential oil of flowers was extracted by different methods: n-hexane extraction, distillation water, and supercritical CO2 extraction. The compositions of essential oil of different parts of Thevetia peruviana were analyzed by