Hemoperitoneum secondary to ruptured splenic tumors can be either benign or malignant in origin. The majority of previous studies of canine hemoperitoneum have been retrospective, which are associated with well recognized biases, such as the potential to underappreciate the diversity of outcomes in a complex presentation such as hemoperitoneum. This study seeks to prospectively define perioperative

Smaller dogs are known to have an increased risk of chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression for doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and melphalan. This retrospective study aimed to determine if dogs <15 kg and <10 kg experienced greater degrees of myelosuppression following treatment with carboplatin chemotherapy compared to dogs ≥15 kg. One hundred and one dogs treated with carboplatin for a variety of malignancies

Metastatic disease represents a serious and often fatal development in patients with solid tumors, including women with breast cancer and dogs with mammary tumors. Therefore, preventing and treating metastatic disease has remained a priority in cancer research. Desmopressin, a synthetic derivative of vasopressin, traditionally used to treat patients with bleeding disorders, has been proposed as a potential

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are regarded as invasive with a high rate of recurrent and metastasis in intact female dogs. Tumor diagnosis, therefore, is an important step in predicting and monitoring tumor progression. This study was designed to identify protein expression on CMTs by employing a proteomic approach. The primary cell culture from benign mixed tumor, simple carcinoma, complex carcinoma

Localized histiocytic sarcoma may occur as a primary lesion in periarticular tissues of large appendicular joints. Treatment options for the primary lesion include radical surgical excision, radiation therapy (RT), or both, in combination with chemotherapy for potential systemic metastases. In an effort to better characterize the time to progression (TTP) following surgical vs non-surgical approaches

The development of safe and reliable hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) protocols to treat human patients with malignant and non-malignant blood disorders was highly influenced by preclinical studies obtained in random-bred canines. The surmounted barriers included recognizing the crucial importance of histocompatibility matching, establishing long-term donor hematopoietic cell engraftment, preventing

While current lymphoma therapies induce remission in most dogs, drug-resistant relapse is common, creating a need for novel agents. Rabacfosadine (RAB), a double prodrug of the acyclic nucleotide phosphonate 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethel) guanine (PMEG), preferentially targets lymphoma cells with reduced systemic toxicity compared with PMEG. Previous studies evaluating RAB administered every 21 days

Feline sarcoids (or cutaneous fibropapillomas) are rare dermal neoplasms. There are currently no reported statistics concerning their clinical behaviour. Our objective with this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to describe the clinical presentation and biological behaviour of sarcoids in cats and to determine the oncologic outcome following surgical resection. Medical records from a laboratory

Melanoma is a fast-growing tumour in dogs and represents 7% of the total malignant neoplasms from the skin and is the most common tumour found in the oral cavity. In these tumours, high expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to verify if the overexpression of COX-2 is related to the modulation of lymphocytes and if it is associated with

Progressive disease is common following anal sacculectomy for apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA); additional therapy may prolong survival. Adherence to medical recommendations influences therapeutic success in humans. The purpose of this study was to assess the adherence to follow-up recommendations in dogs with AGASACA. Medical records of patients that underwent anal sacculectomy for

Tonsillar metastasis from distant primary tumours has not been described in dogs, and reports are rare in humans. The aims of this study were to determine whether tumour metastasis occurs to the canine palatine tonsils and evaluate whether afferent lymphatics drain to the palatine tonsils via skull indirect computed tomography lymphangiography (ICTL). Retrospective review of the diagnostic laboratory

Key advances in our understanding of immunobiology and the immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumour microenvironment have led to significant breakthroughs in manipulating the immune system to successfully treat cancer. Remarkable therapeutic responses have occurred with tumours that carry a high mutational burden. In these cases, pre-existing tumour-specific T cells can be rejuvenated via checkpoint

Canine mammary carcinoma represents a model for the study of human breast cancer, although the prognostic value of various clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters has shown contradictory results. A prospective study, through a 4-year follow-up, was performed in 77 patients with mammary carcinoma to analyse the association between histological diagnosis, grade of malignancy, peritumoral

The use of conventional multi-fractionated radiotherapy for the treatment of glial tumours is well documented in the literature. Recently, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) has become more widely available allowing for hypo-fractionated protocols; however, its usefulness in the treatment of canine intracranial gliomas is largely undetermined. We conducted a retrospective analysis, including 21 dogs diagnosed

Canine B cell lymphoma is one of the most common hematopoietic neoplasms in veterinary medicine, and it is considered a relevant model for human diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Although the standard treatment consisting of multidrug chemotherapy is effective in most cases, treatment is often challenging because of relapse and drug resistance. The adoptive transfer of autologous T cells genetically

There are few published reports of canine rhabdomyosarcomas. In human paediatrics, rhabdomyosarcomas account for 5%-10% of all tumours and >50% of soft tissue sarcomas. They have an aggressive biologic behaviour; most patients develop diffuse metastatic disease. Ezrin, a cytoskeleton linker protein, has been correlated with metastasis in a number of tumours, including rhabdomyosarcomas. The goal of

We previously reported that eBAT, an EGF‐targeted angiotoxin, was safe and it improved the overall survival for dogs with splenic haemangiosarcoma when added to the standard of care in a single cycle of three administrations in the minimal residual disease setting. Our objective for the SRCBST‐2 trial was to assess whether increased dosing through multiple cycles of eBAT would be well tolerated and

MicroRNA-214 (miR-214), a pivotal tumour-suppressive miRNA, is downregulated in canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cells. Although these tumour-suppressive miRNAs are potential therapeutic agents, their clinical efficacy may be limited because of their vulnerability to RNase-rich microenvironments and low in vivo transfection rates. We developed synthetic miR-214 s with enhanced cytotoxicity, RNase resistance

Canine melanomas and mast cell tumours (MCTs) frequently metastasize to lymph nodes, worsening prognosis compared with dogs without metastasis. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) evaluation is more specific than evaluation of the lymph node closest to the tumour, which may not be the draining lymph node. Computed tomography lymphangiography (CTL) allows for SLN identification and one study of canine mammary

Canine malignant melanoma is a common cancer with a high mortality rate and is a clinically important disease. DNA methylation has been considered to be a potential tumorigenic mechanism through aberrant DNA methylation at promoter region which represses gene transcription. Global hypomethylation could also facilitate chromosome instability. There are few reports regarding DNA methylation in canine

Identification of metastatic disease critically impacts the care and prognosis of patients with neoplasia. Multiple techniques exist for identifying the sentinel or first lymph node(s) that receive draining tumour lymph. Identification of the sentinel lymph node enables accurate tissue sampling for determination of lymphatic metastasis. The aims of this study were to develop a computed tomography (CT)

Canine lymphoma, as the most common haematopoietic malignancy, encompasses a group of heterogeneous diseases and even within the T‐cell immunophenotype, differences in clinical presentation and responses to treatment exist. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine outcomes and prognostic factors of 107 dogs with multicentric non‐indolent T‐cell lymphoma (TCL) receiving lomustine‐based (70%)

Treatment of epithelial sinonasal tumours in cats is not commonly reported. In the newer reports, palliative radiation protocols have been described more often than definitive‐intent protocols. In this multi‐institutional retrospective study, we included 27 cats treated with single‐modality radiotherapy. Cats were irradiated using 10 daily fractions of 4.2 Gy. Three cats (11.1%) experienced a complete

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone cancer in children, adolescents and dogs. Current combination surgical and chemotherapeutic treatments have increased survival. However, in recurrent or metastatic disease settings, the prognosis significantly decreases, representing an urgent need for better second-line and novel chemotherapeutics. The current gold standard for combination chemotherapy

Malignant transformation is often associated with abnormal protein glycosylation expressed, amongst others, by the accumulation of simple mucin‐type carbohydrates namely Tn and Sialyl‐Tn (STn) antigens. These are usually limited in normal tissues and their increased expression has been associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the role of Tn and STn antigens

Daily image guidance reduces inter‐fractional variation in patient position for intracranial radiation therapy. However, the ability to detect and correct positioning errors is limited below a certain level. Because of these limitations, the accuracy achieved with a positioning system prior to image guidance may affect the error remaining after image guidance (the residual setup error). The objective

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) are classified as indolent B‐cell lymphomas in dogs. Aside from the clinical and histopathological similarities with the human counterpart, the molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. We integrated transcriptome, genome‐wide DNA methylation and copy number aberration analysis to provide insights on the pathogenesis of canine MZL (n = 5) and

The stage classification for canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PPC) was last updated in 1980. In people, the human lung cancer stage classification (currently in its 8th edition) plays an integral role in diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making and is prognostic despite a heterogeneous population of tumors. The objective of this retrospective case study was to evaluate the prognostic significance

Veterinary studies have reported the outcome of adrenalectomies in dogs; however, these studies typically include a wide variety of adrenal tumour sizes, including cases with or without vascular invasion. The purpose of this study was to report outcome in a cohort of dogs with histologically confirmed small adrenal tumours without vascular invasion treated with adrenalectomy. This retrospective study

Low-grade canine cutaneous mast cell tumour (cMCT) with metastasis at time of treatment is uncommonly reported, with few studies focusing on this specific clinical entity. The specific objective of this study was to systematically review the veterinary literature and perform a meta-analysis summarizing the clinical presentation, treatments reported, and clinical outcomes from dogs with histologically

This survey aimed to investigate and compare diet type and supplement use between dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, L.) with cancer and a population of owner-reported healthy dogs and to assess the sources of information dog owners consult. Respondents were mainly from English-speaking countries. Dogs were considered healthy (N = 213) if owners reported them to be in good health. Dogs were included in

The levels of insulin-like growth factor-l (IGF-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are abnormally elevated in various tumour tissues, and IGF-1 has been reported to be associated with the development and progression of inflammation in cancers. In this study, we found that IGF-1 activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and NLRP3 inflammatory signalling via IRS-1/mPGES-1/NOX2-regulated ROS. Additionally

Thirty dogs with macroscopic plasma cell tumours (PCTs) were treated with radiation therapy (RT). Twelve patients were treated with palliative-intent prescriptions (range, 4-10 Gy/fraction (median, 7 Gy/fraction) for a total dose of 20 to 35 Gy (median total dose 30 Gy). Eighteen patients received definitive-intent prescriptions (range, 3.0-4.2 Gy/fraction (median, 3 Gy/fraction) for a total dose of

Prediction of the likely histopathological diagnosis of canine splenic masses can guide appropriate decision-making. This study explores the predictive effect of breed and clinical presentation on the diagnosis of a canine splenic mass. Records from the Royal Veterinary College, United Kingdom (2007-2017) were reviewed. Dogs with a histopathologic or cytologic diagnosis from a splenic mass, or imaging

In dogs, diagnosis of prostate cancer is often delayed because clinical signs are not pathognomonic. Although ultrasonography is mainly performed to detect prostate cancer, the ultrasonographic appearance is not specific. In humans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is used to localize the prostate tumour. To our knowledge, there are no studies of MRI findings

The purpose of this bi-institutional retrospective study was to determine whether survival for dogs with extremity osteosarcoma (OS) is improved through the use of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT; a single fraction of 25 Gy, or 36 Gy total given in three consecutive daily fractions) plus chemotherapy, vs lower dose conventionally planned and delivered hypofractionated radiotherapy (CHRT; 14-20 Gy total

Intestinal T-cell lymphomas are common in dogs, but histopathological diagnosis remains challenging because of accompanying enteritis with lymphocyte involvement. Invasively taken full-layer biopsies are still required for reliable differentiation. The detection of specific microRNA expression patterns in canine intestinal T-cell lymphoma could provide new possibilities to differ intestinal lymphoma

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy in dogs. Thyroidectomy and radiation therapy control local disease, yet are not always feasible, and efficacious medical therapies need to be identified. Toceranib phosphate has been reported to provide clinical benefit (CB) in dogs with thyroid carcinoma, while its role in treatment-naïve thyroid tumours has not been well-described. The objective

Platelet-derived growth factor signalling pathways play a fundamental role in inducing and sustaining the proliferative and prosurvival stimuli in canine osteosarcomas (cOSAs). The increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) α and β, and their cognate ligands, were almost invariably observed in cOSAs and OSA-derived cell lines. In particular, overexpression of PDGFRβ-mediated

Genetic causes of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs), except for mutations in the KIT gene detected in some MCTs, are generally unknown. We used whole exome sequencing to reveal mutation spectra in canine MCTs. We detected somatic mutations in 87 genes including 10 genes recognized as human cancer drivers. Besides KIT, 14 other genes were recurrently mutated. Subsequently, we performed next generation

Papillomavirus (PV) infection is associated with development of epithelial cancer in different species, including domestic cat (Felis catus). Felis catus PV type-2 (FcaPV-2) is considered the causative agent of a proportion of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), through the transforming properties of its E6 and E7 oncogenes. However, the possible role of FcaPVs in the aetiology of feline

Canine T-cell lymphoma (TCL) encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases with variable clinical presentation, cytomorphology, immunophenotype, and biologic behaviour. The most common types of TCL in dogs involving peripheral lymph nodes include indolent T-zone lymphoma (TZL) and biologically aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). TCL phenotypes can be categorized by expression of the surface

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is a negative prognostic factor in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours (cMCTs). While elective lymphadenectomy of metastatic LNs improves outcome, the benefit of adjuvant medical therapy in dogs with early metastatic (HN2) LNs is debated. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of adjuvant medical therapy following surgical

Published outcomes for dogs with specifically high-grade mast cell tumours (MCTs), controlled for clinical stage, are few. Clinical outcomes for 49 dogs with Kiupel high-grade, clinical stage I, cutaneous MCTs were evaluated. Median survival time (MST) was 1046 days; 1 and 2-year survival rates were 79.3% and 72.9%, respectively. At study end 24 dogs had died, 23 dogs were alive (median follow-up 980 days)

Conflicting evidence exists regarding the importance of routine abdominal ultrasound (US) with hepatic and splenic fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology during staging of canine mast cell tumours (MCT). The objective of this study was to correlate ultrasonographic and cytologic findings in dogs with strictly defined high‐risk MCTs and to determine the influence on outcome. Our hypothesis was that US

No standard of care is currently recognized for treatment of canine prostatic carcinoma (PC). This retrospective study assesses outcome following definitive‐intent, intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (RT) in dogs with PC. Medical records review was performed, including 18 patients from four institutions undergoing definitive‐intent intensity‐modulated radiotherapy to treat PC. Diagnosis was incidental

Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in dogs, and it has a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. Toceranib phosphate (TOC; Palladia, Zoetis) is a veterinary tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits VEGFR‐2, PDGFRs and c‐Kit, but its efficacy is not yet fully understood in the treatment of canine OSA. Here, we evaluated the functional effects of TOC

Among small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs/sRNAs), the functional regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been studied in canine oral melanoma (COM). However, the expression level of other sncRNAs, like small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), in COM is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate sncRNAs other

The study of the immune response in several types of tumours has been rapidly increasing in recent years with the dual aim of understanding the interactions between neoplastic and immune cells and their importance in cancer pathogenesis and progression, as well as identifying targets for cancer immunotherapy. Despite being considered one of the most immunogenic tumour types, melanoma can progress in

Adrenergic receptor (AR) expression has been demonstrated at several sites of primary and metastatic tumour growth and may influence proliferation, survival, metastasis and angiogenesis. AR antagonists like propranolol and carvedilol inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and synergize with chemotherapy agents in some cancers. Radiation resistance is mediated in many cells by upregulation of pro-survival

There is no consensus on the definition of a complete histologic excision in veterinary oncology; many definitions have been used in various studies, but these have been arbitrarily selected with no apparent justification. The residual tumour classification scheme, where a complete histologic excision is defined as a histologic tumour-free margin >0 mm, has been used for >40 years in human oncology

Subcutaneous spindle cell tumours characterized by whorling growth patterns are common in dogs and are identified as a distinct entity. These tumours were misnamed as hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) because of some minor morphological parallels with their human counterparts. In veterinary medicine, the cell of origin of HPC has been under debate for a long time. Some authors have suggested a perivascular

Sarcomas represent a group of genomically chaotic, highly heterogenous tumours of mesenchymal origin with variable mutational load. Conventional therapy with surgery and radiation therapy is effective for managing small, low-grade sarcomas and remains the standard therapeutic approach. For advanced, high-grade, recurrent, or metastatic sarcomas, systemic chemotherapy provides minimal benefit, therefore

Recently, a multimodal approach to oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in cats, combining medical treatment and accelerated radiation therapy, showed a substantial outcome improvement in a small pilot study. Herein we retrospectively review 51 cats with unresectable, histologically confirmed oral SCC and a complete initial staging work-up: cats in group A (n = 24) received medical anti-angiogenic treatment

Canine B-cell lymphoma is a clinically heterogenous disease; however, it is generally treated as a single disease entity. The purpose of this clinical trial was to prospectively evaluate naïve canine B-cell lymphoma patients using histopathology, flow cytometry (FC) and a standardized chemotherapy protocol to better define subsets of this disease that may respond differently to treatment. Sixty-four

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) support tumour growth by regulating the transport of metabolites in the tumour microenvironment. High MCT1 or MCT4 expression is correlated with poor outcomes in human patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed and may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for HNSCC. Feline oral

This study aimed at evaluating the behaviour and understanding the diagnostic value of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in bitches with mammary carcinoma as a tool for monitoring and prognosis of canine cancer patients. Serum samples from 77 bitches were divided into four groups, G1 (n = 21), control group (healthy/neoplasia free bitches); G2 (n = 31), bitches with non-metastatic mammary carcinoma