To describe 4 Great Danes with colonic torsions and describe the risk of torsion recurrence in this breed, which has not previously been reported. This study also describes pneumocolon as a rapid and noninvasive diagnostic for confirmation of colonic torsion.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a single infusion of hyperimmune plasma (HIP) in dogs with canine parvovirus (CPV).

To determine the effect of high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy on cardiorespiratory variables and outcome in dogs with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

To assess the accuracy of focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) and point‐of‐care N‐terminal proBNP assay in the emergency setting for differentiation of cardiac from noncardiac causes of respiratory distress in cats.

To evaluate the placement and the performance of a new post‐pyloric feeding (PPF) system, and compare it to esophageal (E) feeding in dogs with severe acute kidney injury (AKI).

To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of specific Daboia (Vipera) palaestinae (Dp ) antivenom or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) against Dp venom‐induced hemostatic changes

To develop and assess the instructional efficacy of an online learning module on transfusion reactions in small animals and to evaluate participants’ satisfaction of the module.

To gather information from veterinary clients to better understand and gauge the knowledge level and perception of small animal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in an academic veterinary hospital.

Determine the correlation between kaolin‐activated thromboelastography (TEG) variables (R, K, angle, and maximum amplitude [MA]) and PCV, fibrinogen concentration (FC), and total fibrinogen (TF) in an ex vivo model.

To determine whether a smartphone‐obtained image can be used to extrapolate the PCV of canine blood samples.

To evaluate the incidence of tranexamic acid (TXA)‐induced nausea and vomiting after the prophylactic use of 2 antiemetics, ondansetron and maropitant, compared with saline.

To evaluate the effects of 7.5% hypertonic saline solution (HSS) on whole blood coagulation in healthy dogs and to compare electrolyte and osmolality measurements between in vivo and in vitro dilution with HSS.

To evaluate the relationship between azotemia and plasma lactate concentration in hypotensive dogs and cats presented to an emergency department.

To describe a serious adverse event of gastrointestinal obstruction requiring surgery following routine administration of multiple doses of activated charcoal (AC) granules, which were prescribed for carprofen toxicosis.

To outline the clinical findings, surgical management, complications, and outcomes in a case of intrathoracic, traumatic, tracheal avulsion.

To describe the successful management of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) using cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including defibrillation, followed by continuous rate infusion of IV amiodarone, in a cat with cardiac arrest secondary to tachyarrhythmia.

To describe the first documented case of oxidant‐induced anemia in a dog associated with propofol and IV lipid emulsion (IVLE) treatment for 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) toxicosis.

Brachycephalic airway syndrome can pose a risk of complicated recovery from anesthesia as a result of irritation to the excess pharyngeal andlaryngeal tissue present in affected dogs. High‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is a respiratory support modality that offers provision of continuous positive airway pressure via high gas flow rates. The HFNC system actively warms and humidifies inspired

The COVID‐19 pandemic has presented veterinary emergency hospitals with unique challenges. Rapid online surveys represent an efficient way of collating responses to rapidly shifting circumstances.

Cardiac output, stroke volume, and measurement of other hemodynamic parameters can be useful in the management of critical patients. Given the broad size disparity of veterinary patients, the raw values can vary widely. Their indexed values, however, allow for quick assessment of hemodynamic status and a more standardized target setting by the veterinary care team. Monitors such as lithium dilution

The perfusion index (PI) derived from plethysmographic signals provides a noninvasive indication of peripheral perfusion. This study aimed to investigate changes in PI and other hemodynamic variables in pigs subjected to endotoxemia.

To describe 2 dogs with acute kidney injury secondary to type III hypersensitivity reaction to 25% human serum albumin (HSA).

To evaluate the effect of 5 cm H2O of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on laryngeal size in spontaneously breathing anesthetized dogs via computed tomography (CT).

To document indications for fresh frozen plasma (FFP) use in cats, doses administered, and frequency of adverse transfusion reactions (ATR).

When this article1 was published in the journal, one source of funding was inadvertently omitted from the funding declaration. The authors acknowledge funding provided by the Australian Companion Animal Health Foundation.

To describe the use of a ketamine‐dexmedetomidine combination and mild hypothermia for the treatment of status epilepticus in 3 dogs that did not respond to GABAergic medication.

Retrospective evaluation of outpatient canine parvovirus treatment in a shelter‐based low‐cost urban clinic. Kimberly Perley ScB Charlotte C. Burns BS Caroline Maguire VMD Virginia Shen VMD, MHS EmmaRose Joffe VMD Darko Stefanovski PhD, MS Laurel Redding VMD, PhD Lisa Germanis VMD Kenneth J. Drobatz DVM, MSCE, DACVIM, DACVECC Brittany Watson MS, VMD, PhD, DACVPM. In the article entitled “Retrospective

OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a difference in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) among 3 anatomic body positions (right lateral, left lateral, and sternal recumbence) in apparently healthy dogs. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. SETTING University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. ANIMALS Fourteen apparently healthy male dogs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS After mild sedation with dexmedetomidine

OBJECTIVE To compare the Element point-of-care (POC) portable blood gas analyzer with a laboratory-based bench-top reference analyzer using whole blood samples obtained from horses presenting to a referral center with various disorders in order to determine agreement between these analyzers. DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SETTING The study was conducted at a university teaching hospital at moderate

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic investigations, and outcome of a dog with pregnancy-associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. CASE SUMMARY A 6-year-old, pregnant Bichon Frise was presented due to lethargy, inappetence, and progressive regenerative anemia with spherocytosis. The dog had been recently receiving ranitidine and amoxicillin/clavulanate. An in-house saline

OBJECTIVE To report the development of a tension pneumomediastinum during mechanical ventilation of a young Irish Wolfhound with aspiration pneumonia. CASE SUMMARY A 9-month-old intact female Irish Wolfhound was presented for clinical signs consistent with aspiration pneumonia. Evaluation of her pedigree and clinical signs prompted suspicion of Irish Wolfhound rhinitis bronchopneumonia syndrome as

OBJECTIVE To document a case of transient AB blood type indicated by immunochromatography in a type B cat following administration of an incompatible type A transfusion. CASE SUMMARY A 7-month-old neutered male domestic longhair cat was evaluted for anemia, pigmenturia, and intravascular hemolysis 1 day after receiving a feline whole blood transfusion. Neither blood donor nor patient had been blood-typed

OBJECTIVE To describe the efficacy of in-series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in 2 dogs with carprofen overdose. CASE SUMMARY This report describes the treatment of 2 dogs following accidental carprofen overdoses who underwent a single in-series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis session. Serial serum carprofen concentrations were measured before, during, and after the session. The first patient's session

OBJECTIVE To examine the efficiency of hemoperfusion in removing South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) venom from rats compared with neutralization by antivenom. DESIGN An exploratory experimental investigation in rats involving the injection of snake venom with or without subsequent hemoperfusion or antivenom administration. SETTING Basic animal research laboratory in a private

OBJECTIVE To design and evaluate a method to purify canine albumin from fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or stored plasma (SP) in a manner that could be applied clinically. DESIGN In vitro experimental study. SETTING FDA licensed Blood Bank Laboratory and University biochemistry laboratory. ANIMALS None. INTERVENTIONS Using equipment that is typically found in veterinary blood banks, plasma bags were thawed

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of the caudal epidural technique in cats with urethral obstruction (UO). DESIGN Prospective, double-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled study. ANIMALS Eighty-eight male cats with UO. INTERVENTIONS Thirty cats randomized to bupivacaine epidural (BUP), 28 cats to bupivacaine-morphine epidural (BUP/MOR), and 30 cats to sham epidural (SHAM). MEASUREMENTS

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performances of a manual Nageotte hemocytometer method and commercial fluorescent bead-based flow cytometric assay for quantifying [rWBC] in leukoreduced canine packed red blood cell (pRBC) units. DESIGN Prospective study. Five, commercially purchased, double leukoreduced canine pRBC units were spiked with canine leukocytes to create 6 pRBC standards with the following [rWBC]:

OBJECTIVE To review the veterinary literature regarding healing and complications associated with equine celiotomy including anatomy and physiology, risk factors for incisional infection and hernia, and treatment. ETIOLOGY Celiotomy is the most common approach to treat horses with surgical colic. Incision through the linea alba provides exposure to most of the abdomen for exploration, exteriorization

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a normal cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration and normal ECG on entry rule out the development of a clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia (CSCA, defined as an arrhythmia requiring anti-arrhythmic treatment) in dogs that have sustained blunt trauma. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. Client-owned dogs were enrolled between January 2015 and November 2016. SETTING

To evaluate survival and associated risk factors when utilizing an outpatient treatment protocol for treatment of canine parvovirus (CPV) performed in a shelter‐based low‐cost urban clinic.

To report the incidence of and risk factors for development of recurrent secondary septic peritonitis (RSSP) in dogs. To report the outcome of dogs treated surgically for RSSP.

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation and medical management of a cat with perinephric abscessation and urosepsis following urethral obstruction and catheterization. CASE SUMMARY A 2-year-old intact male domestic shorthaired cat presented to an emergency and referral center for lethargy, vomiting, and hematuria. Severe azotemia and hyperkalemia were observed on a serum biochemistry panel

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of urinary catheter type on recurrence rate (rUO) in cats with urethral obstruction. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Two private referral hospitals. ANIMALS Ninety-one cats diagnosed with urethral obstruction treated with a 3.5-Fr Argyle (AR) or 3.5-Fr red rubber (RR) indwelling catheter presenting in 2014. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS One hundred sixty-six

OBJECTIVE To evaluate dogs treated with hemodialysis for severe metaldehyde intoxication and to compare them with conventionally-managed patients. DESIGN Retrospective study (2012-2017). SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Data from 18 dogs with severe metaldehyde intoxication were analyzed. Eleven dogs were treated with intermittent hemodialysis and 7 managed conventionally. INTERVENTIONS

OBJECTIVE To describe the diagnosis, management, and outcome of a ferret with spontaneous hemoperitoneum with surgical intervention and xenotransfusion of type A feline packed red blood cells (pRBCs). CASE SUMMARY A domestic ferret diagnosed with a spontaneous hemoperitoneum secondary to a hepatic mass received isotonic crystalloids, hypertonic saline, and an allogenic blood transfusion perioperatively

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of manual therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to manage hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in a dog. CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old neutered female Dachshund presented for HE secondary to a previously diagnosed portosystemic shunt. The hyperammonemia and severe clinical signs of HE persisted despite extensive medical management. Therapeutic plasma exchange was performed for stabilization

OBJECTIVE Determine whether an emergency medicine-focused clinical pathology training course improved the proficiency of house officers. DESIGN Prospective blinded study. SETTING Veterinary academic center. STUDY SUBJECT House officers enrolled in programs other than clinical pathology. INTERVENTIONS A 4-hour curriculum was provided by a board-certified specialist in veterinary clinical pathology.

OBJECTIVE To report on the spontaneous resolution of caval syndrome in 5 dogs selected for their response to medical stabilization prior to scheduled heartworm extraction. SERIES SUMMARY Five dogs with heartworm caval syndrome were treated with sildenafil, fluid, and supplemental oxygen therapy. Moreover, 4 of 5 dogs were also administered pimobendan to achieve hemodynamic stabilization in preparation

OBJECTIVE To assess the in vitro effects of crystalloid and colloid IV fluids on the thromboelastographic (TEG) variables of canine whole blood. DESIGN In vitro experimental study. SETTING Veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Twenty-two healthy dogs. INTERVENTION Citrated whole blood samples collected from healthy dogs were diluted with 3.4% hypertonic saline (HTS 3.4), 7% hypertonic saline (HTS 7)

OBJECTIVE To describe a case series of systemic lime sulfur toxicosis secondary to topical administration in 2 cats. CASE SUMMARY Two cats from the same household that were being previously treated for Microsporum canis were presented following topical administration of an incorrectly diluted lime sulfur dip. A 30% solution was used rather than the recommended 3% solution, resulting in a 10-fold concentration

OBJECTIVE To determine the success rate and complications associated with inducing emesis in dogs that have ingested foreign material. DESIGN Retrospective case series, 2010-2014. SETTING Private practice and referral center. ANIMALS Sixty-one client-owned dogs that had emesis induced for the treatment of ingestion of foreign material. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Emesis was successfully

INTRODUCTION The primary study objective was to characterize the pattern of in-hospital mortality in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), with a focus on preoperative nonsurvival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of medical records from a 10-year period was undertaken at a university teaching hospital. Data collected included signalment, physical examination parameters at hospital

OBJECTIVE To conduct a narrative review of the current literature in reference to the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) and its contribution to the pathophysiology of conditions relevant to the veterinary emergency and critical care clinician. Novel therapies for restoring or preserving the EG will also be discussed. DATA SOURCES Online databases (PubMed, CAB abstracts, Scopus)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) performed by emergency and critical care (ECC) specialists or residents in training improves differentiation of cardiac (C) versus non-cardiac (NC) causes of respiratory distress in dogs compared to medical history and physical examination alone. DESIGN Prospective cohort study (May 2014 to February 2016). SETTING University hospital

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of sampling methods on culture results and selection of antimicrobials for treating infected wounds in dogs. DESIGN Prospective study from January to July 2016. SETTING Three private multispecialty referral centers. ANIMALS Fifty-two client-owned dogs with infected wounds. INTERVENTIONS Each wound was sampled for culture by 3 methods: swabbing prior to preparation

OBJECTIVE To report the gross and histopathological postmortem findings of the urinary tract and compare them to clinical severity of disease in cats with urethral obstruction (UO). DESIGN Retrospective, observational, descriptive study. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Fourteen cats from 2000 to 2014 with UO that had a complete postmortem examination. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of hemodialysis in 2 dogs with severe clinical signs from phenobarbital intoxication. SERIES SUMMARY Two dogs ingested a toxic dose of phenobarbital, leading to severe neurological dysfunction and a comatose state. Both dogs received a 3-hour session of hemodialysis with complete resolution of clinical signs and returned to normal mentation by the end of the therapy. No

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation and outcome of a dog with primary hypoparathyroidism secondary to cervical bite wounds. CASE SUMMARY A 3-year-old male intact Chihuahua presented after being attacked by a large breed dog. The dog sustained severe cervical lacerations, exposing the trachea and jugular veins. A portion of the right thyroid gland was missing. The dog was stabilized before