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Pharmacokinetics of oral firocoxib in un‐weaned calves J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-04-04 Sarah A. Wagner, Virginia R. Fajt, Chih‐Ping Lo, Christopher J. Byrd
The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of firocoxib after oral administration in un‐weaned calves. Eight Holstein calves with a mean age of 36 days and a mean weight of 55 kg were administered a single oral dose of 227 mg firocoxib. The resulting mean dosage was 4.2 mg/kg (range 3.5–5.0 mg/kg). Blood was collected prior to drug administration and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, 72
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Cefovecin pharmacokinetics after single‐dose intramuscular administration in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-28 Jennifer H. Yu, Mark G. Papich, Rodrigo Garcés Torres, Jessica Emerson, Matthew E. Kinney, Kelly Helmick, Adrienne Crosier, Carlos R. Sanchez, Suzan Murray
Cefovecin is a third‐generation cephalosporin with potential value for use in exotic felids due to its long duration of action. A sparse sampling protocol was implemented with 18 zoo‐housed cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefovecin (Convenia®) after a single 8 mg/kg intramuscular injection. Blood was collected serially for 15 days following administration, and plasma
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Oral and topical extra‐label administration of fipronil to laying hens: Assessment of the egg residue patterns J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 Lucila Canton, Candela Canton, Laura Ceballos, Paula Domínguez, José Rodríguez, Carlos Lanusse, Luis Alvarez, Laura Moreno
This experimental work reproduces the fipronil extra‐label administration performed by producers in laying hens. The scientific goal was to characterize the residual concentrations in eggs from treated hens and suggest the withdrawal periods that should be respected to avoid risk for consumers. Thirty‐four laying hens were allocated into two groups: Group A was treated with fipronil in feed, two single
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Current review of isoxazoline ectoparasiticides used in veterinary medicine J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Xueying Zhou, Alexandra E. Hohman, Walter H. Hsu
The isoxazolines are a novel class of ectoparasiticides with potent inhibitory activity on glutamate‐ and gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐gated chloride channel located in nervous system of invertebrates. In recent years, studies have been performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of isoxazolines against various types of ectoparasites, including fleas, ticks, and mites. As more single and combined isoxazoline
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Plasma and urine pharmacokinetics of two formulations of dexamethasone in greyhound dogs J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Tim Morris, Stuart W. Paine, Paul Zahra, Eric Li, Sally Colgan, Steven Karamatic
Dexamethasone, formulated as sodium phosphate and as phenylpropionate combined with sodium phosphate, was administered subcutaneously to six greyhounds. Plasma and urine were collected for up to 240 h and analysed with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of at least 100 pg/ml for dexamethasone. Dexamethasone, formulated as sodium phosphate, terminal half‐life was 10.4 h in plasma and approximately 16 h
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Application of α2‐adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages‐insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-12 Mahmoud M. Abouelfetouh, Eman Salah, Mingxing Ding, Yi Ding
Alpha2‐adrenergic agonists have been implicated in the development of pulmonary edema (PE) and sustained hypoxemia that lead to life‐threatening pulmonary distress in ruminants, especially with sensitive and compromised animals. Recently, there is limited understanding of exact mechanism underlying pulmonary alterations associated with α2‐adrenergic agonist administration. Ruminants have a rich population
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Diagnostic clinical microbiology J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Joseph M. Blondeau, Shelley C. Rankin
Technological advancements have changed the way clinical microbiology laboratories are detecting and identifying bacterial, viral, parasitic, and yeast/fungal pathogens. Such advancements have improved sensitivity and specificity and reduce turnaround time to reporting of clinically important results. This article discusses and reviews some traditional methodologies along with some of the technological
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Equine antimicrobial therapy: Current and past issues facing practitioners J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Heather K. Knych, K. Gary Magdesian
Equine antimicrobial therapy has advanced over time with the availability of increasing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in horses, allowing for greater evidence‐based clinical decision‐making. However, many challenges to optimal antimicrobial therapy remain and further research is needed to address these areas. There are a limited number of approved antimicrobials for use in horses, which
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Pharmacokinetic properties of abamectin after oral administration in dogs J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-11 Preet Mohinder Singh, Antony Jacob, Parton Kathleen
As the introduction of concentrated cattle pour‐on products containing abamectin, there have been veterinary reports of both fatal and non‐fatal poisoning in New Zealand working dogs. Because these products are highly palatable to dogs, a toxic dose is readily ingested. The pharmacokinetic properties of abamectin in dogs are not published in the public domain. This information is important in understanding
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A pilot study comparing the pharmacokinetics of injectable cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin associated with a trace mineral injection in cattle J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Paula A. Gonzalez‐Rivas, Michael Chambers, Jerry Liu
Injectable vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is traditionally used to prevent or treat vitamin B12 deficiencies in ruminants. Sheep and human studies have demonstrated the superiority of a single dose of hydroxocobalamin (OHB12) over cyanocobalamin (CNB12) in maintaining high levels of cobalamin in plasma and liver. However, limited data are available for cattle. The purpose of this study was to compare the
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Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and tissue disposal profiles of Tiamulin fumarate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following oral and intravenous administrations J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-03-06 Yongtao Liu, Cuiyu Cao, Yi Song, Shun Zhou, Yibin Yang, Ning Xu, Qiuhong Yang, Jing Dong, Xiaohui Ai
Tiamulin fumarate (TIF) is a pleuromutilin antibiotic and has high activity against animal bacterial pathogens including aquatic bacterial pathogens. However, its pharmacokinetic profiles, tissue distribution characteristics and bioavailability in aquatic animals remain unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution regularities of TIF in tilapia
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Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tildipirosin following intravenous and subcutaneous administration in horses J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Ehab A. Abu‐Basha, Zuhair Bani Ismail, Mohammed M. Ababneh, Eyad Hamzeh, Ronette Gehring
This study was designed to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of tildipirosin in horses after intravenous (i.v.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of a single dose at 4 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.). A total of 12 healthy mixed breed horses were used in the study. Horses were monitored for systemic and local adverse effects, and whole blood samples were collected for hematology and
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Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid after different administration routes in geese (Anser cygnoides) J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Erdinc Turk, Ibrahim Ozan Tekeli, Duygu Durna Corum, Orhan Corum, Fatih Sakin, Kamil Uney
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tolfenamic acid were determined in geese (Anser cygnoides) following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral administrations at 2 mg/kg dose. In this study, eight healthy geese (3.5 ± 0.5 kg) were used. The study was performed in four periods according to a crossover design with a 15‐day washout period between two administrations
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Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after a single intramuscular injection J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Taylor M. Gregory, Craig A. Harms, Melinda A. Gorges, Gregory A. Lewbart, Mark G. Papich
Ketorolac is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug administered as an analgesic in humans. It has analgesic effects comparable to opioids but without adverse effects such as respiratory depression or restrictions because of controlled drug status. We designed this study to examine the potential of ketorolac as an analgesic for sea turtle rehabilitative medicine. Our objective was to determine the
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Single‐dose pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid following administration of immediate‐release mycophenolate mofetil in healthy Beagle dogs J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-02-13 Michael Klotsman, Gayatri Sathyan, Wayne H. Anderson
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an immunomodulating agent commonly used in human medicine for the treatment of immune‐mediated diseases. There is growing evidence that the immunomodulating properties of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a prodrug of MPA, are therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of immune‐mediated diseases in dogs. A narrow therapeutic index and high inter‐and intra‐patient pharmacokinetic
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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous continuous rate infusion and repeated intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine in standing horses J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 Sarah E. Shane, Vernon C. Langston, Robert W. Wills, William S. Denney, Heather Knych, Robin L. Fontenot, Robert E. Meyer, Claudio C. Natalini
An ideal dexmedetomidine protocol has yet to be determined for standing sedation in horses. It was hypothesized that an IV bolus followed by CRI dexmedetomidine would have a quicker increase in plasma concentrations compared with repeated IM injections. In a crossover design, eight adult, female horses were randomly placed into two groups: the CRI group (IV bolus dexmedetomidine at 0.005 mg/kg followed
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Pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin mesylate in healthy adult giant panda after single‐dose administration via different routes J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Chengdong Wang, Linhua Deng, Yanqiu Zhu, Kai Wu, Ming Wei, Shang Huang, Rongping Wei, Weiping Liu, Yan Huang, Hemin Zhang, Desheng Li
The pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin mesylate in healthy adult giant panda is unknown. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin after intramuscular administration at a dose of 2 mg/kg and oral administration at a dose of 3 mg/kg in healthy adult giant pandas was determined. Levofloxacin concentrations in plasma were determined using liquid chromatography. In the levofloxacin intramuscular
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Pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in goats after different administration routes J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-02-09 Erdinc Turk, Ibrahim Ozan Tekeli, Duygu Durna Corum, Orhan Corum, Fulya Altinok Yipel, Aysun Ilhan, Sara Busra Emiroglu, Halis Uguz, Kamil Uney
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tolfenamic acid in goats after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administrations at 2 mg/kg dose. In this study, eight clinically healthy goats were used. The study comprised four periods, according to a crossover design with at least a 15‐day washout period between treatments. Plasma
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Plasma disposition of ceftazidime in healthy neonatal foals following intravenous and intramuscular administration J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-01-29 Christina D. McNeal, Clare A. Ryan, Londa J. Berghaus, Brenton C. Credille, Chih‐Ping Lo, Virginia R. Fajt
Cephalosporin antimicrobials can be utilized for the treatment of sepsis in neonatal foals, particularly when an aminoglycoside is contraindicated. Some cephalosporins, however, are not utilized because of cost, sporadic availability, or uncertainty about efficacy. The plasma disposition of ceftazidime, a third‐generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against a wide variety of gram‐negative
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Cebranopadol, a novel first‐in‐class drug candidate: Method validation and first exploratory pharmacokinetic study in rabbits J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Beata Łebkowska‐Wieruszewska, Małgorzata Gbylik‐Sikorska, Anna Gajda, Irene Sartini, Andrzej Lisowski, Amnart Poapolathep, Mario Giorgi
Cebranopadol is a novel, centrally acting, potent, first‐in‐class analgesic drug candidate with a unique mode of action that combines nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor and opioid peptide receptor agonism. The present study aimed to develop and validate a novel UHPLC‐MS/MS method to quantify cebranopadol in rabbit plasma and to assess its pharmacokinetics in rabbits after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration
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Recent advances in microencapsulation of drugs for veterinary applications J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Salah Uddin Ahmad, Bing Li, Jichao Sun, Safia Arbab, Zhen Dong, Fusheng Cheng, Xuzheng Zhou, Shad Mahfuz, Jiyu Zhang
Microencapsulation is a process where very minute droplets or particles of solid or liquid or gas are trapped with a polymer to isolate the internal core material from external environmental hazards. Microencapsulation is applied mostly for flavor masking, fortification, and sustained and control release. It improves palatability, absorption, and bioavailability of drugs with good conformity. Microencapsulation
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Corrigendum J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2021-01-09
In the article by Peters et al. (2009), the name of one of the co‐authors “Alexandra Salccicia” was misspelled in the published version. The correct name is “Alexandra Salciccia.” We apologize for this error.
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Pharmacokinetics of single dose oral Terbinafine in common shelducks (Tadorna tadorna) J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 Carlos Rojo‐Solís, Daniel García‐Párraga, Andrés Montesinos, María Ardiaca‐García, Teresa Álvaro, Mónica Valls, Carlos Barros‐García, Teresa Encinas
Fungal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in avian species; thus, antifungals are the treatment of choice. Despite widely used in clinical practice, terbinafine pharmacokinetic studies are scarce in literature and only cover some avian families, with marked differences between them. This study evaluates the pharmacokinetic behaviour of terbinafine after a single oral administration
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Pharmacokinetic analysis of two different doses of simvastatin following oral administration in dogs J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 Min‐Soo Kim, In‐hwan Baek
Simvastatin, used orally to treat hyperlipidemia, exhibits highly variable pharmacokinetics (PKs) in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate simvastatin PKs using noncompartmental analysis and population PK models following a single oral administration of two doses (20 and 80 mg) in dogs. Forty beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups corresponding to the two doses. Blood samples
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Corrigendum J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-24
In the article by De Lucas et al., the authors have considered the Letter to the Editor from Prof. Mark G. Papich and agreed it was appropriate to re‐analyse the Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) calculations for doxycycline using the unbound fraction. From the literature, the doxycycline protein binding in dogs is approximately 90% (Riond & Riviere, 1989), and we used a value of fraction unbound
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Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food‐producing animals. Part III: Sheep and goat J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 Miao Li, Yu‐Shin Wang, Trevor Elwell‐Cuddy, Ronald E. Baynes, Lisa A. Tell, Jennifer L. Davis, Fiona P. Maunsell, Jim E. Riviere, Zhoumeng Lin
This report is the third in a series of studies that aimed to compile physiological parameters related to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for drugs and environmental chemicals in food‐producing animals including swine and cattle (Part I), chickens and turkeys (Part II), and finally sheep and goats (the focus of this manuscript). Literature searches were conducted in multiple
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Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of furosemide in sheep J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-12 Duygu Durna Corum, Orhan Corum, Orkun Atik, Gul Cetin, Aidai Zhunushova, Kamil Uney
The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of furosemide were determined following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) administrations at 2.5 mg/kg dose in sheep. The study was conducted on six healthy sheep in a three‐way, three‐period, crossover pharmacokinetic design with a 15‐day washout period. In first period, furosemide was randomly administered via IV to 2 sheep, IM to
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Bayesian‐based withdrawal estimates using pharmacokinetic parameters for two capsaicinoid‐containing products administered to horses J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Mary A. Robinson, Darko Stefanovski, Youwen You, Raymond C. Boston, Lawrence R. Soma
Capsaicinoids deter horses from chewing on bandages and are applied topically to provide analgesia to musculoskeletal injuries. They are banned during competition due to their nerve blocking properties. The pharmacokinetics of oral (PO) and direct gastric administration via nasogastric tube (NG), or topical (TOP) administration of two capsaicinoid‐containing products were investigated, and the withdrawal
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Preliminary bioequivalence of an oral integrating film formulation containing meloxicam with a suspension formulation in beagle dogs J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Jong‐Shik Park, Sungmin Kim, Jaeyeon Lee, Jae‐Cheol Choi, YoungAh Kim, Chun‐Woong Park, Soohan Lee
The oral disintegrating film (ODF) has advantages over suspension and tablet. These include convenience of administration, patient compliance, and accurate dosing. We evaluated the bioequivalence between the ODF and the meloxicam suspension by using a crossover design with a 3‐week washout period. Six healthy male beagle dogs were randomized to receive both formulations of meloxicam, 2 mg. Plasma meloxicam
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Evaluation of partial area under the curve in bioequivalence studies using destructive sampling design J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Marilyn N. Martinez, Shasha Gao
Product blood‐level in vivo bioequivalence (BE) studies typically involve complete blood concentration–time profiles generated for each subject. Accordingly, each subject provides the estimates of the rate and extent of drug absorption. However, repeated blood draws are not always feasible for studies using small animals because of handling or blood volume (e.g., fish or in toxicokinetic studies when
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Pharmacokinetic properties of tramadol and M1 metabolite in Northeast Brazilian donkeys (Equus asinus) J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-06 Andressa Nunes Mouta, Isabelle de Oliveira Lima, Maria Gláucia Carlos de Oliveira, Letícia Pereira Alves, Luã Barbalho de Macêdo, Gabriel Araujo‐Silva, José Pérez‐Urizar, Valéria Veras de Paula
There is currently little information available on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the analgesic opioid tramadol when used in the veterinary medicine of domestic species. In this study, we aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its active metabolite M1 following intravenous administration of 2 (T2) and 4 (T4) mg/kg to Northeast Brazilian donkeys. Tramadol and M1 plasma
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The challenges and applications of nanotechnology against bacterial resistance J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Zhiqun Lei, Aman karim
Bacterial resistance to the antibiotics develops rapidly and is increasingly serious health concern in the world. It is an insoluble topic due to the multiple resistant mechanisms. The overexpression of relative activities of the efflux pump has proven to be a frequent and important source of bacterial resistance. Efflux transporters in the membrane from the resistant bacteria could play a key role
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Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of solid dispersion formulation of tilmicosin in pigs J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Nan Zhang, Juan Ba, Shaojie Wang, Zhigao Xu, Fuda Wu, Zhili Li, Hua Deng, Hong Yang
Tilmicosin (TMS) is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic restricted to veterinary use but is only partially soluble in aqueous solutions, which limits its administration in treatments. We developed a strategy to enhance the supersaturated solubility of TMS using amorphous solid dispersion (SD). The dissolution profile shown that the dissolution rate of TMS‐SD was obviously faster than TMS. The pharmacokinetics
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Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food‐producing animals. Part II: Chicken and turkey J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Yu‐Shin Wang, Miao Li, Lisa A. Tell, Ronald E. Baynes, Jennifer L. Davis, Thomas W. Vickroy, Jim E. Riviere, Zhoumeng Lin
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are growing in popularity due to human food safety concerns and for estimating drug residue distribution and estimating withdrawal intervals for veterinary products originating from livestock species. This paper focuses on the physiological and anatomical data, including cardiac output, organ weight, and blood flow values, needed for PBPK modeling
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Pharmacokinetics of a sulfadiazine and trimethoprim suspension in neonatal foals J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Elsbeth Swain O'Fallon, Patrick McCue, Sangeeta Rao, Daniel L. Gustafson
There is limited investigation of neonatal foal pharmacokinetic parameters for the antimicrobial combination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP). Neonatal pharmacokinetic investigation of the sulfadiazine–trimethoprim combination is required to ensure safe and effective utilization in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of sulfadiazine–trimethoprim
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Pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of an oral pradofloxacin suspension administered to eastern long‐necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis) J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Emily Taylor, Darren J. Trott, Benjamin Kimble, Shangzhe Xie, Merran Govendir, David J. McLelland
The pharmacokinetics of fluoroquinolones in chelonians are well described but this does not extend to pradofloxacin, a broad‐spectrum veterinary fluoroquinolone available as an oral suspension for cats and dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the single‐dose pharmacokinetic profile of pradofloxacin oral suspension at 7.5 mg/kg in eastern long‐necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis). Eight
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Investigation of monensin Type A medicated article dissolution profiles in biorelevant media J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Beverly J. Krabel, Laura B. Foust, Gary B. Fuller, Andrew J. Foss, Luke H. Garner, Robert P. Hunter
In the United States, a generic Type A medicated article (premix) product can gain government approval by demonstrating in vivo bioequivalence (BE) to the pioneer product in a blood level, pharmacodynamic, or clinical BE study. A biowaiver can be granted based on several criteria including solubility or a dose adjusted method. Monensin is practically insoluble in H2O per the USP definition. A comparison
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Animal welfare concerns highlight inequitable requirements J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Anne Fawcett
The recently published study on the Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium in Peekapoo dogs following a single intravenous and subcutaneous injection (Yang et al., 2020) generated feedback that raises important questions for scientific journals, publishers and peer reviewers, as well as those working in animal‐based research more broadly. In a letter to the editors, veterinarian Dr Pascal Richez raises
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Editorial note J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Paul Mills
A guideline should reflect the current status of knowledge and science. When I first joined JVPT as a Deputy Editor in 2015, one of the first issues I raised was the need for authors to adhere to a strong animal ethics guideline, with JVPT recommending the ARRIVE guidelines as appropriate. However, as an international journal, we did not wish to be too prescriptive to guidelines from any particular
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Midazolam oxidation in cattle liver microsomes: The role of cytochrome P450 3A. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-09-07 Alberto Nassi,Luigi Quintieri,Roberta Merlanti,Francesca Pezzato,Francesca Capolongo,Marianna Pauletto,Mauro Dacasto,Mery Giantin
In humans, the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) subfamily is involved in midazolam (MDZ) biotransformation into 1′‐ and 4‐hydroxy metabolites, and the former serves as a probe for CYP3A catalytic activity. In veterinary species is still crucial to identify enzyme‐ and species‐specific CYP substrates; thus, the aim of this study was to characterize MDZ oxidation in cattle liver. A HPLC‐UV method was used
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Effects of rifampicin on plasma pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in goats J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Hande Sultan Şahiner, Cavit Kum
We investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of co‐administration of tulathromycin with rifampicin. Healthy male goats were allocated to three groups (n = 8) as Group A (single dose 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin s.c.), B (10 mg kg−1 day−1 rifampicin p.o. daily for 7 days and single dose 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin s.c. on 8th day), and C (10 mg kg−1 day−1 rifampicin p.o. daily for 21 days and single dose 2.5 mg/kg
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Perioperative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meloxicam in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) of different age groups using nonlinear mixed effect modelling J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Diego Castineiras, Lucy Armitage, Luís Pardon Lamas, Siegrid De Baere, Siska Croubels, Ludovic Pelligand
Meloxicam is a widely used nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug in avian species. However, variability in pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters in birds warrants species‐specific studies for dose and dosing interval optimization. We performed a perioperative PK study of meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg, intravenously) on emus of three different age groups: 3 chicks (5 weeks old, 3.5 kg), 4 juveniles
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Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline after oral administration of multiple doses in dogs J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Jose Julio De Lucas, Casilda Rodríguez, Maria Dolores San Andrés, Angel Sainz, Alejandra Villaescusa, Mercedes García‐Sancho, Fernando Rodríguez‐Franco, Manuel I. San Andrés
The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of doxycycline in dogs and assess the efficacy of an oral drug dosage regimen of 10 mg/kg daily for 28 days through Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation, using previously published data for the zoonotic pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. After a multiple‐dosage regimen, the
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Comparative bioavailability of enrofloxacin in dogs when concealed in noncommercial morsels, either as tablet or as enrofloxacin–alginate dried beads J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Lilia Gutierrez, Teresa Lechuga, Xelhua Marcos, Perla García‐Guzmán, Carlos Gutrierrez, Hector Sumano
Administration of enrofloxacin tablets concealed in improvised morsels to elude the unpleasant flavor of this drug is likely to diminish maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) reached by this drug, jeopardizing treatment efficacy. To avoid this, the hypothesis that alginate dried beads containing enrofloxacin (ADBE) could modify the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in dogs was tested. ADBE were manufactured
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Enrofloxacin and its major metabolite ciprofloxacin in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas): An explorative pharmacokinetic study J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Saranya Poapolathep, Thanaphan Chomcheun, Mario Giorgi, Suthep Jualaong, Narumol Klangkaew, Napasorn Phaochoosak, Pareeya Udomkusonsri, Pedro Marin, Amnart Poapolathep
The present study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetic features of enrofloxacin (ENR) and its major metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIP) in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) after single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at two dosages of 5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The study used 10 animals randomly divided into equal groups. Blood samples were collected at assigned times
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The pharmacokinetics and antiparasitic activity of ivermectin in Hutsul and Toric horses J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-25 Alla Vyniarska, Hubert Ziółkowski, Hanna Madej‐Śmiechowska, Jerzy J. Jaroszewski
The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin and its antiparasitic activity in two horse breeds. Eight Hutsul and 14 Toric horses were administered ivermectin orally at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected for 96 hr, and faecal samples were collected one day before and on days 14 and 21 after drug administration. Ivermectin concentrations in plasma
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Antimicrobial agent use in small animals what are the prescribing practices, use of PK‐PD principles, and extralabel use in the United States? J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Mark G. Papich
In this review, the availability and deficiencies of current antimicrobial agents for companion animals in the United States are described. Although several active agents are FDA‐approved for small animals, there are many unmet needs. These needs are greatest for cats, for the treatment of antibiotic drug‐resistant infections, and to treat new or emerging pathogens that were not considered on older
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The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic paradigm for antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine: Recent advances and critical appraisal J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Pierre‐Louis Toutain, Ludovic Pelligand, Peter Lees, Alain Bousquet‐Mélou, Aude A. Ferran, John D. Turnidge
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling is the initial step in the semi‐mechanistic approach for optimizing dosage regimens for systemically acting antimicrobial drugs (AMDs). Numerical values of PK/PD indices are used to predict dose and dosing interval on a rational basis followed by confirmation in clinical trials. The value of PK/PD indices lies in their universal applicability amongst
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What a veterinary graduate should know about basic and clinical pharmacology: A Delphi study to finalize day‐1 competencies J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Arno Werners, Virginia Fajt
The recent changes in curricula in veterinary medicine have changed the delivery and focus on veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, resulting in a perceived lack of knowledge of pharmacology and therapeutic decision making in recent graduates. To aid veterinary pharmacologists and clinicians teaching clinical pharmacology, core competencies were drafted by a working group. Following this process
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Effects of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in rabbits J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-17 Sara T. Elazab, Walter H. Hsu
This study was aimed to investigate the influence of verapamil‐mediated inhibition of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) on the pharmacokinetics of ivermectin (IVM) given orally and subcutaneously (SC) to rabbits. Twenty New Zealand rabbits were allotted to 4 groups (n = 5) and received IVM either orally or SC (0.4 mg/kg) alone or co‐administered with verapamil (2 mg/kg SC, 3 times at a 12‐hr interval). Plasma
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The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of an amoxicillin–clavulanic acid granular combination after intravenous and oral administration in swine J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 Pan Sun, Tingting Zhao, Hongzhi Xiao, Jie Wang, Suxia Zhang, Xingyuan Cao
The pharmacokinetic behaviours of amoxicillin (AMX) and clavulanic acid (CA) in swine were studied after either an intravenous or oral administration of AMX (10 mg/kg) and CA (2.5 mg/kg). The concentrations of these two medicines in swine plasma were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatographic‐tandem mass spectrometry, and the data were analysed using a noncompartmental model with the
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Sulfadiazine pharmacokinetics in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) receiving oral and intravenous administrations J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 Ning Xu, Yu Fu, Fang Chen, Yongtao Liu, Jing Dong, Yibin Yang, Shun Zhou, Qiuhong Yang, Xiaohui Ai
This study aimed to examine the bioavailability (BA) and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of sulfadiazine (SDZ) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) after oral and intravenous administrations. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points of 0.083, 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr (n = 6). The samples were extracted and purified by organic reagents and determined
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Predicting antimicrobial susceptibility from the bacterial genome: A new paradigm for one health resistance monitoring J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-10-03 Patrick F. McDermott, James J. Davis
The laboratory identification of antibacterial resistance is a cornerstone of infectious disease medicine. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing has long been based on the growth response of organisms in pure culture to a defined concentration of antimicrobial agents. By comparing individual isolates to wild‐type susceptibility patterns, strains with acquired resistance can be identified. Acquired
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Evaluation of signal detection algorithms within the Elanco Animal Health Pharmacovigilance database J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Mark J. Novotny, Austin Rhodes, Jacob Shields, Andrea Wilson, Camilo Giraldo, Michael O’Gorman, Theresa Real, Alexandra Sarsadskikh, Scott Wiseman
Statistical algorithms for detecting safety signals are beginning to be applied to Animal Health Pharmacovigilance (PV) databases. How these signal detection algorithms (SDAs) perform in an animal health PV database is the subject of this report. Statistical methods and SDAs were assessed against a set of known signals in order to identify which SDAs were most appropriate for signal detection using
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Validating an empiric sulfadiazine-trimethoprim dosage regimen for treatment of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus delphini infections in mink (Neovison vison). J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-09-13 Amir Atabak Ronaghinia,Nanett Kvist Nikolaisen,Stine Green Hansen,Helle Harding Poulsen,Henrik Lauritz Frandsen,Tina Struve,Pierre-Louis Toutain,Peter Damborg
Antimicrobial agents are used extensively off‐label in mink, as almost no agents are registered for this animal species. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data are required to determine antimicrobial dosages specifically targeting mink bacterial pathogens. The aims of this study were to assess, in a PKPD framework, the empirical dosage regimen for a combination of trimethoprim (TMP) and
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Surface distribution of pyrethroids following topical application to veterinary species: Implications for lateral transport. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Wolfgang Bäumer,Ronald Baynes
Pyrethroids like permethrin have been used as topical formulations for their ectoparasiticidal effects since the 1970s. There are numerous efficacy studies in dogs and livestock animals that indicate a fast spread of pyrethroids after topical administration onto rather confined areas of the skin. Some studies correlate the efficacy against ticks, fleas or lice with concentrations of pyrethroids in
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Effect of dose on the intravenous pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid in goats. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-08-02 Ibrahim Ozan Tekeli,Erdinc Turk,Duygu Durna Corum,Orhan Corum,Fatma Ceren Kirgiz,Kamil Uney
The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of tolfenamic acid (TA) following intravenous (IV) administration at doses of 2 and 4 mg/kg in goats. In this study, six healthy goats were used. TA was administered intravenously to each goat at 2 and 4 mg/kg doses in a cross‐over pharmacokinetic design with a 15‐day washout period. Plasma concentrations of TA were analyzed using the
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Effect of ketoprofen co-administration on pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following repeated administration in goats. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 Ibrahim Ozan Tekeli,Erdinc Turk,Duygu Durna Corum,Orhan Corum,Fatma Ceren Kirgiz,Fatih Sakin,Kamil Uney
The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome (2 mg/kg every 24 hr for 5 days) was determined following intramuscular administration alone and co‐administration with ketoprofen (3 mg/kg every 24 hr for 5 days) in goats. Six goats were used for the study. In the study, the crossover pharmacokinetics design with 20‐day washout period was performed in two periods. Plasma concentrations of cefquinome were assayed
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Serum cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and their native acid derivatives after transdermal application of a low-THC Cannabis sativa extract in beagles. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-07-31 Mary Beth Hannon,Kelly A Deabold,Bryce N Talsma,Alex Lyubimov,Asif Iqbal,Alexander Zakharov,Lauri Jo Gamble,Joseph J Wakshlag
Cannabinoids hold promise for treating health problems related to inflammation and chronic pain in dogs, in particular cannabidiol (CBD), and its native acid derivative cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Information regarding systemic delivery of cannabinoids through transdermal routes is sparse. The purpose of this study was to determine pharmacokinetics of transdermal administration of a low‐THC Cannabis
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Pharmacokinetics of thiamphenicol in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) after single intravenous and oral administrations. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Thera. (IF 1.473) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 Mohamed Aboubakr,Ahmed Soliman
Thiamphenicol (TP) pharmacokinetics were studied in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) following a single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at 30 mg/kg BW. Concentrations of TP were determined with HPLC and were analyzed by a noncompartmental method. After IV injection, elimination half‐life (t1/2λz), total body clearance (Cltot) volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), and mean