This paper focuses on some factors that affect the gut bacterial communities of Plodia interpunctella and their role in the removal of plastic polymer concentrations to make a clean environment. Counting of midgut bacteria from P. interpunctella reared on different diets exhibited that wheat bran gave a significantly higher number of colonies than other diets (84 × 102 CFU/gut). Histological midgut

Litchi growers reported the infestation of an unknown insect pest recently in the north-eastern part of Bangladesh, which affected litchi production remarkably. A field survey was conducted to identify this invasive insect species, and the biology of this insect was studied under laboratory conditions. Further, damage severity of the insect was determined in the affected litchi orchards. Based on morphological

Habitat structure plays a major role in the distribution of species in a given area. Edge-core gradients may be useful for examining the effects of habitat modifications, as they represent changes in habitat structure at a small spatial scale. Here, we analyzed how scorpion assemblages were affected by variations in habitat structure along an edge-core gradient in a Brazilian Atlantic forest fragment

The oviposition behavior of the scelionids Telenomus busseolae, Telenomus isis and the trichogrammatid Trichogramma bournieri was studied on eggs of lepidopteran cereal stemborers, which included the noctuid Busseola fusca, Sesamia calamistis, Sesamia nonagrioides, the crambid Chilo partellus, and the pyralid Eldana saccharina. Unlike Tr. bournieri, Telenomus spp. did not attack eggs of C. partellus

Survival, longevity, growth index and development of fifth instar nymphs of Dysdercus koenigii (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoriedae) as influenced by the Catharanthus roseus was assessed in the present investigation. The fifth instar nymphs were exposed to the volatiles present in the extract for 24 h. Different concentrations of the extract ranging from 0.00625% to 10% were used for the treatment. The results

The recent advancement in genome sequencing facilities, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics of eukaryotes have opened door for employment of molecular diagnostic techniques for early detection of parasites and determining target molecules for formulating control strategies. It further leads to the introduction of several purified vaccines in the field of veterinary parasitology. Earlier,

Pyrethroid resistance has imposed a severe threat to the control programmes of dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Sri Lanka. Present study investigated the resistance status and underlying mechanisms of these mosquitoes in six provinces of Sri Lanka. Mosquitoes were collected from Badulla (Uva Province), Batticaloa (Eastern), Colombo (Western), Jaffna (Northern), Kandy (Central) and

We evaluated, in a laboratory experiment, the susceptibility of 10 tomato cultivars to the attack by the tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansi, an invasive pest of this crop in Benin. Among the 10 cultivars tested, six were imported (i.e. Roma VF, Tima, Rio Grande, Buffalo, Petomech, and TLCV15) and four local (i.e. Akikon, Tounvi, TomL4, and Kèkèfo). Leaf disks (2.5 cm diameter) excised from leaves

Temperature tolerance is an important factor limiting the distribution of arthropod vectors, with limited information on the ability of mosquitoes to evolve different temperature levels. Under laboratorial conditions effect of thermal stress in late third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti determined by subjecting them to temperature regimes such as 37 °C, 39 °C, 41 °C, 43 °C and 45 °C, and the lethal

Phosphine fumigation is one of the most effective way control insect pests in stored agricultural products. However, continuous use and highly dependent on phosphine fumigation has led to resistance development of major storage insect pests, including psocid. Fifty adult psocid were exposed for 20 h testing protocol to classify the susceptible to resistant strains. A full assay was composed of eight

Acerophagus papayae (Encyrtidae: Hymenoptera) is a potential parasitoid successfully used to control papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) on different horticultural crops such as papaya, mulberry, cotton, cassava, citrus, sweet potato, peas, beans, okra, eggplant, guava, Hibiscus Jatropha, Allamanda. However, the parasitic efficiency is mostly affected by prevailing weather

Resistant mechanisms viz., antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance of six cotton genotypes were evaluated under free-choice and no-choice conditions against Bemisia tabaci Asia-II-8. Results showed that the whiteflies select the host for oviposition after initial probing. The genotypes LRA-5166 and LHDP-1 was least preferred for oviposition under free-choice condition and lesser nymphal survival (47

Fipronil is a broad spectrum phenylpyrazole compound which is recently used in field condition for the control of the tick, mites, flea and flies population in domestic animals and pets. It is used more often in organised cattle farms to avoid fly menace and concurrently reduce tick infestation. Repeated exposure of fipronil to cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum might have

The relative suitability of different immature life stages of Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as a host for the development of the parasitoid, Aenasius advena Compere (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was investigated. Maximum parasitism (42.50%) under laboratory conditions was observed in the pre reproductive stage of host. The results of this study revealed that host life stage in

Spiders have gained wide acceptance in ecological studies as indicators of environmental quality because they show a strong preference for habitat type and pattern of land use. Knowledge of the spider community in Neotropical landscapes is still incipient. In order to decrease such lack of knowledge, this study provides information on the ground-dwelling spider assemblages in remnants of native Brazilian

Wasps of the family Pompilidae are recognized for their specialization in spider hunting, where females actively look for spiders to feed their offspring. However, both hunting and nesting behavior are remarkably variable among species. Such variations include different strategies like solitary nesting, communal aggregations or cleptoparasitism. Nonetheless, aspects of the ecology and taxonomy of species

Trichogrammatoidea eldanae Viggiani (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an egg parasitoid of several lepidopteran insect pests in West Africa. In this study, we assessed the suitability of three different host species viz; Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as potential host

Simulium damnosum Theobald complex is a group of black flies which vector filarial worms that cause onchocerciasis in Africa. Studies were conducted to investigate the morphological composition of adult S. damnosum complex in three ecological zones of Osun State, Nigeria. Adult black flies were sampled between October 2014 and September 2016, and the wing tufts, antennae, fore coxae and other morphotaxonomic

The use of pesticides for greenbug, Schizaphis graminum in wheat not only can manage the pest population but also can influence its predator, Coccinella septempunctata. Acute and chronic effects of imidacloprid, clothianidin and sulfoxaflor on S. graminum and its predator, C. septempunctata were investigated. The results showed that LC50 of imidacloprid, clothianidin and sulfoxaflor to S. graminum

The box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most alien insects found in the Buxus areas of Georgia and World. Many methods have been used to control this pest up to now. But, the problem is still going on. In this study, insecticidal effects of the essential oils obtained from plants Artemisia absinthium L., Seriphidium santonicum (L.) Sojak, Seriphidium

Rhinoestrus purpureus and Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus (Diptera: Oestridae) cause specific nasal myiases of family equidae and are of importance in the horse medicine since it causes severe respiratory diseases. During an epidemiological survey in donkeys from Beni Suef government, Egypt; some morphological and taxonomical doubts arose concerning the identification of Rhinoestrus spp. 1st, 2nd and 3rd

Infections due to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedro virus (BmNPV) in commercially important silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) causes up to 50% loss to silk production in India. Increased resistance to NPV through introduction of double stranded RNA transgenes against multiple NPV genes is reported in B. mori. However, stability of the RNAi - mediated antiviral activity has not been determined

Hawaii has a multitude of scolytine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolitinae) pests including Hypothenemus hampei, coffee berry borer, which is apest of coffee, Hypothenemus obscurus, tropical nut borer, a significant pest of macadamia nut, and Xylosandrus compactus, black twig borer, a pest of many tropical and ornamental crops. The flat bark beetles, Carthartus quadricollis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae)

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was achieved by using leaf extract of Borago officinalis plant as eco-friendly reducing and capping agent. The results obtained from ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering, scanning & transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and fourier transformed infrared confirmed the biosynthesis and the physical characterization of the produced

In the original publication, the given name and the family name of the first author were transposed.

In this study investigations were conducted with a clear cut intention of producing a best suited strain which suits exactly to the climatic, rearing and maximum productivity conditions of South Tamilnadu, India silkworm rearing areas. Using the parental stock breeds of CSR2 pure, CSR2 × CSR4, Tamilnadu local pure and CSR2 × TN, eight new strains were crossed and its quantitative and qualitative parameters

Giant water bugs (Belostomatidae) are widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions and have important ecosystem functions. This study describes the structure of the male reproductive tract in three species of Belostoma Latreille, 1807. The reproductive systems of sexually mature males of B. plebejum, B. stollii and B. testaceopallidum have a pair of globular testes, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles

Elucidation of relationships between secondary metabolites and infestation caused by chickpea leafminer Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is of importance for managing leafminer in sustainable agriculture. In order to prevent agricultural crops losses caused by leafminer in the field, the insect monitoring is often required. In this work, we studied the role of secondary metabolites as response

Cowpea seed beelte, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a key pest of stored cowpea in the tropics. The seed is highly susceptible to the attacks of this beetle mainly between the period of harvest, processing and storage. The beetle is known to cause qualitative and quantitative losses which are manifested by seed perforations, reduction in weight, reduction in seed germination

Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is among major arthropods causing significant damage to okra in the tropics. Resistant varieties could reduce aphid infestation and increase productivity. This study was carried out to identify aphid-resistant and high yielding okra accessions for management of the pest. Eleven farmers’ varieties and four aphid-resistant accessions from AVRDC were evaluated

Lippia gracilis Schauer, Verbenaceae, is a plant popularly known as "Alecrim-da-Chapada" or “Alecrim-de-Serrote", characteristic of the savanna areas in North and Northeast Brazil. Its essential oil has been tested for pest control due to its bioactive potential. In this work, the chemical composition was analyzed and the insecticidal effect of the pinene/cineol/limonene chemotype leaf oil of L. gracilis

The populations of phytophagous stink bugs may vary with cultivar and crop management. The aim of this study was to know the population dynamics of stink bugs Euschistus heros, Nezara viridula, and Piezodorus guildinii at different soybean phenological stages. Samples of each stink bug species were collected from three soybean (Syn1059, P97R01, and M7110IPRO) cultivars conducted in two seasons. For

The aim of present study was to predict the potential distribution of mango shoot gall psylla, Apsylla cistellata (Psyllidae: Hemiptera) under current and future climate scenarios of 2050 and 2070. This study was conducted across six states in India where their infestation and occurrence noticed. The study provided a deep insight on surveys of shoot gall psylla infestation that occurred between 2012

There has been an increasing demand among agricultural researchers and producers for bio-insecticides due to the threats of the related chemicals leading to human health problems, environmental contamination, pest resistance, and secondary pest outbreaks. In this regard, the repellent effects of the essential oil extracted from Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss as a well-known medicinal plant were

The dietary effects of the well-known auxin member plant growth regulator, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), on hemocyte counts and behavior of the model insect Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its parasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were examined. In vivo and in vitro experiments involved five treatments applied to larvae with doses of 50, 500, 1000, 5000, and

Climatic changes, even transient events such as heatwaves, can markedly affect crop-insect interactions. Some insects might be favored or hampered in their development, but less clearcut interactions owing to changes in their needs or in agroecosystem resource availability, including in uncultivated surrounding areas, may mediate insect-crop interactions. In Tanzania, sudden and transient devastation

Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of three pesticidal plants: Senna alata Linnaeus., Hura crepitans Linnaeus., and Calophyllum inophyllum Linnaeus for the protection of Cola nitida (Schott & Endl.) against cola weevil (Balanogastris kolae Desbr.) was carried out in the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar. Adult mortality in treated kolanuts at various

The litchi stink bug, Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury) (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae), is a serious pest in the longan and litchi orchards in China. At present, the control of T. papillosa is heavily based on the use of insecticides, and the environmentally-friendly alternative strategies are urgently needed. The praying mantis, Hierodula patellifera (Serville, 1839) (Mantodea: Mantidae) and T. papillosa

Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) has emerged as a major threat to maize production in East Africa. The disease is caused by a co-infection of maize by maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) which are respectively vectored by corn thrips, Frakliniella williamsi Hood and corn leaf aphids, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch. Developing a reliable and practical sampling plan

Infestation of pink bollworm, which is generally considered monophagous continue to grow and spread. This study was conducted to record pink bollworm infestation on four host plants under field and laboratory conditions. Lucerne and tomato were free from pink bollworm damage while okra fruit and cotton flowers and bolls were highly infested. Pink bollworm showed strong affinity with cotton flowers

Dubas bug, Ommatissus lybicus de Bergevin (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae), is one of the most important pests of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in Iran. In the present study, the lethal and sublethal effects of commercial formulations of acetamiprid, clothianidin, diflubenzuron, Eforia® (thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin), and fenitrothion on O. lybicus were examined. The concentrations of tested insecticides

Acridids (short-horned-grasshopper) are distributed largely in the agricultural-field, grass-lands, and forests. It may act as a dependable bio-indicator species in response to ecological-stress. Among the acridids found in West Bengal, Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum (Walker, 1871) are multivoltine in nature and were considered for the present study. Azadirachtin is a tetranortri terpenoids

Human activities, such as conversion and degradation of habitats, are modifying the natural ecosystems, causing biodiversity declines globally. However, the responses of many understudied biological groups are less clear. Here, we explore how spatial components of β-diversity (incidence- and abundance-based) of flower chafer beetles are influenced by land use changes. We sampled the insects using aerial

This study examined the effects of a novel natural drug developed with new technology on highly prevalent larvae in donkeys. Twelve donkeys were endoscopically examined for the oral treatment of G. intestinalis larvae. Donkeys in the first group were administered chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), those in the second group were administered ivermectin (Ive), and those in the third group (n = 3) were administered

The humoral and cellular defenses are crtitical in insects’ immunity. In the present study we focused on individual haemocyt types of mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lep.; Pyralidae) and examined them for the first time by light, differential interference contrast, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Like many lepidopterous insects five types of haemocytes were identified; prohaemocytes

Transmission of arboviral diseases such as those caused by dengue, chikungunya and West Nile viruses involves hematophagous insects. Arbovirus transmission is a complex process in which host selection plays an important role that determines the contact rates between vulnerable hosts and infective vectors. This paper describes host selection of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex

Formaldehyde has been widely used as an anticontaminant in artificial diets for rearing insects. However, the substance is highly toxic to humans. The objective of this work was to verify if replacing formaldehyde by acetylsalicylic acid, sorbic acid, or benzoic acid in artificial diet to use for rearing Diatraea saccharalis affect biological traits of its parasitoids Trichogramma galloi and Cotesia

Five rice accessions belonging to three wild species viz., IRGC99577 (Oryza punctata Kotschy ex Steud.), IRGC105270, IRGC105275 (O. australiensis Domin.), IRGC104646, CR100204 (O. nivara Sharma et Shastry) along with TN1 (susceptible check) and Ptb33 (resistant check) were used to study antixenosis and the role of biophysical factors in imparting resistance to brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens

Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important ectoparasitoid for biological control of several lepidopteran insect pests. The present research evaluated plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions with H. hebetor and Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) on five commercial cultivars of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), including Esfahani-Daneghermez and Malase-Danesyah (relatively resistant)

Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are the only proven vectors of leishmaniasis. Leishmania parasites develop and differentiate in the sand fly gut where they reside alongside the vector’s gut bacteria. Gut bacteria are important to sand fly’s nutrition, oviposition, and defence against pathogens. In vectors, gut bacteria also influence vector competence. However, the link between specific

The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and preference (oviposition and emergence of adults) of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Phaseolus lunatus grains with commercial essential oils of Acorus calamus, Betula lenta, Cinnamomum cassia and Citrus aurantium. The contact, fumigation and preference tests were carried out to check the effect of essential oils

Quinoa is an Andean grain that is increasingly gaining international attention. In recent years, the crop has also emerged in Peruvian regions at lower altitudes (including the Coast). This study investigated the insect diversity associated with quinoa by collecting insects with pitfall traps throughout the crop phenology in three altitudinal zones of Peru: San Lorenzo, in the traditional production

Disturbance shapes ecological communities. Frequency, predictability, and intensity characterize disturbances, which select for resistant and/or resilient traits of species. Unpredictable and infrequent disturbance events, especially those with no reliable cues, lack selection strength and have less calculable effects on species assemblages and trait-based species sorting. In a flood plain in Northeast

The status of the sugarcane scale Melanaspis glomerata (Green) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in an international collection of Saccharum spontaneum L., maintained as a part of world sugarcane germplasm at the ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute Research Centre, Kannur, Kerala state, India, was examined in 2016 and 2017. The scale appeared in May coinciding with cane formation and the infestation started increasing

Stethorus aptus Kapur and Stethorus rani Kapur are two important predatory ladybird beetles preying on red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner infesting tea in South India. This study re-describes these two predatory beetles since it was found that the original descriptions were scanty. In this study, an attempt has been made on the diagnoses with a detailed description which is supplemented with

Sugarcane is one of the major cash crop whose low productivity is due to low nutrients supply and insect pest attacks. The nutrient requirement may be fulfilled by increasing the amount of fertilizer supplements but pest attack is difficult to control through poisonous chemicals due to their harmful effects on plant growth as well as human health. Recently, sugarcane black bug (Cavelarius excavates)

A study was conducted to investigate the tick infestation on cattle in the plain region of Chhattisgarh state. During the period of study, 832 ticks of 47 animals were examined for the different tick species. The most prominently infested ixodid tick belonged to Hyalomma anatolicum (68.38%) followed by Rhipicephalus microplus (30.40%).The females showed higher infestation than males. A single tick

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major constraints on the production and marketing of fruits in African tropical and subtropical countries. In a perspective to manage these fly pests, an inventory of parasitoids associated with fruit flies was carried out from 2009 to 2011 in southern Togo through various fruit incubations. Nine species of native hymenopteran parasitoids associated with eight

Maize (Zea mays L.), one of the three most important cereal crops worldwide, is stored in Sub-Saharan Africa to ensure the food resource availability throughout the year. However, maize stored often encounters losses in excess of 20% due to pests such as the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera; Bostrichidae), a major pest of stored maize in tropical countries. This study aims

The pathogenicity of various local entomopathogenic fungal isolates from the kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been tested in the laboratory against the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Fungi were coded, isolated, and purified. Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin, coded as: BbSA-1 PDA-15 and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, coded as: MaSA-1