Different insect species attack cashew flowers during different phenological stages of the inflorescences from 511 to 619 of Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale of cashew phenology. A total of 67 species were documented during the investigation between 2016 and 2020. Among all pest groups, Lepidopterans were dominant comprising 32 species followed by Hemipterans

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, a major agricultural insect pest in the Western Hemisphere, currently also poses a significant threat to many cereal crops in Africa. FAW consists of two morphocryptic strains, the corn- and the rice strains, which were thought to display typical genetic, physiological and behavioural features. However, this is not absolutely true, rendering direct identification

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) is a sustainable protein and lipid source in the diets of terrestrial and aquatic animals. This is largely due to their ability to thrive on various waste products, but the food type greatly influences their productivity and nutritional value. In this study, BSFL (initial mean weight = 0.11 g) were fed sweet potato, spent coffee or dough for two weeks

The entomofaunas of salty Egyptian environments are reviewed in the present paper according to the available data. Most saltwater habitats were poor with insect fauna. Class Insecta was represented in seven lakes and completely disappeared in two hypersaline lakes, Bitter and Temsah. Chironomid larvae were the most abundant insects in the seven lakes followed by the mosquito larvae, especially in Suez

The effect of dietary graded inclusion levels of Imbrasia belina worm meal on meat chemical composition and fatty acid profile of broiler chicken meat was evaluated. A total of 360 chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments, with each treatment group replicated 6 times (n = 15/replicate). The inclusion levels of the I. belina worm meal in the treatments were 0% control = T1, T2 = 4%

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a major pest that courses economic losses of potato Solanum tuberosum L. in both the field and the stores. In this research, the fumigant toxicity of essential oils of three Lamiaceous plants including Thymus caucasicus L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Satureja hortensis L. and methyl iodide (a chemical fumigant) were evaluated on P. operculella

In Ethiopia, mosquito larva control interventions are given less emphasis due to a number of factors including lack of precise information on potential breeding habitats and complicated vector biology. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the spatio-temporal variation and habitat characterization of Anopheline larvae in Bure district, Northwestern Ethiopia. Longitudinal larval sampling

Crickets require fewer inputs like water and feed but provide higher output per cubic unit of agricultural land compared to other livestock. They also contain important macro and micronutrients and therefore have potential to enhance a sustainable food and nutrition security for vulnerable families. Social-cultural systems and economic situations may shape the adoption of crickets as a mini-livestock

The increasing demand for alternative feed sources for livestock has evolved, owing to quest for efficient and sustainable use of resource channeled towards achieving food security. Breeding and biomass conversion of selected insects therefore, is imperative to complement existing sources. This study investigated the developmental parameters, and nutritional composition of Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia

Global trade through imports and exports of commodities brings an excessive risk of accidental introduction of invasive alien species in many countries. South Africa imports a range of fresh fruits and other commodities to complement its local production. Despite the substantial impacts of these invasive alien species, relatively little is known about the pathways and origins by which these organisms

Altitudinal enclaves of rainforest are fragile and highly disturbed ecosystems located in high-altitude plateaus and mountains that are surrounded by Caatinga dry forest. Regardless of its biological importance, few studies regarding dung beetle assemblage were performed in an altitudinal enclave of rainforest. The aim of this study was to describe the structure of dung beetle assemblage from an altitudinal

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) against the devastating pest, Tuta absoluta. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and chemically analyzed by Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Their knockdown (KD50) and larvicidal (LD50) activities were assessed

At age of 6 months, breast-fed infants are expected to be introduced to complementary foods which are diverse and rich in micronutrients. However, traditional complementary foods commonly fed to infants in many parts of developing countries are mainly plant based, energy dense and deficient in essential nutrients needed for a child’s growth and development. This study was carried out to assess the

Several methods have been advocated for screening of potential transgenic events that use either diet incorporation of toxins or excised plant parts expressing the pure protein (toxin) against insect pests of crops. However, considering the field level variations in transgenic plant expression due to abiotic environmental factors; mainly the temperature and moisture stress, it was a long felt need

Nasopharyngeal myasis in horses with Rhinoestrus species has been associated with irritation of nasal cavities; pharynx and olfactory nerve injuries have varying degrees of clinical signs of symptoms until the death of animals. The aim of this study is to determine the cellular immune response against the infestation of Rhinoestrus spp. Therefore, the collection of Rhinoestrus spp. and its turbinates’

To find out the varietal preference of H. talaca larvae, leaves of ten selected tea cultivars were provided separately to II, III, IV, and V instars. The food consumption by different larval instars was the maximum on TV20 followed by TV1 > K1/1 > TV22 > TV26 > TV16 > SNT8 > TS520 > HP12 > B157. The nutritional indices showed the highest ECD and ECI values on TV20 followed by other cultivars. However

Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) are the vectors of Leishmania parasites, which are the causal agents of leishmaniasis. In this work, the survival and developmental time of the immature sand fly stages of Nyssomyia neivai and Migonemyia migonei were studied under laboratory conditions for one generation. Sand flies were collected in a rural dwelling of San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Salta

Tetragonula gressitti Sakagami is the new species of stingless bee discovered in Nagaland (2020). It was earlier found in Arunachal Pradesh (2013), South West China (2019) and Vietnam in 1978. The nest architecture of this particular species was never studied although there had been regular reports of its presence in forest areas by the local populace and all earlier reports were simply documented

Bionomics of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in cowpea (host) and common bean seeds (non-host) were comparatively investigated in storage at ambient temperature (29.1°C) and relative humidity (73%) in Rivers State, Nigeria. Insect bionomics and concentrations of five toxic metals and five minerals were determined in cowpea and common bean varieties using standard methods

The appearance and rapid spread of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (FAW) represents a serious threat to maize cultivation in India and elsewhere in South Asia. Chemical control illustrates one of the major means of reducing the infestation of FAW in maize-growing zones. However, existing information regarding the field-efficacy and non-target toxicity of different insecticides against this

Fruit and seed predators determine plant populations dynamics and community structure of tropical forests. Its impact can have drastic consequences on the development of plants and their ability to reproduce. Among the main causes of damage to fruits, and seeds, Coleoptera of the Curculionidae and Bruchidae families and other groups of beetles stand out. The research was carried out in the Metropolitan

The red palm weevil (RPW) is a notorious phytophagous pest infesting various palm species around the world. In Malaysia, the RPW was known to cause damage on coconuts in the East Coast regions of the Peninsula and posed risks to oil palms. Thus, early detection and monitoring studies of RPW in both coconuts and oil palms by using acoustic sensors were carried out at Dungun, Terengganu and Tanah Merah

Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (Bruchidae: Coleoptera), commonly known as Cowpea weevil or Cowpea seed beetle is a pest of stored grain that attacks legumes in the field and stored conditions. An investigation was conducted for screening the developmental preference of Callosobruchus maculatus in different legumes. Five different legumes were used with three replications in Completely Randomized

The tropical dry forest (TDF) ecosystem is characterised by strong seasonality exasperated periodically by the El Niño/southern oscillation (ENSO). The environment produced by this event could constrain the survival of small organisms, such as insects. Carabid beetles were collected in a TDF in Armero, Colombia, during wet and dry seasons in both El Niño and non-El Niño periods. A series of traits

At the moment, Hyperaspis polita Weise is a key predator of mealybugs in southern Iran. In this study, the efficiency of this predator on Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, a serious pest, and Planococcus citri Risso as a factitious prey in predator mass rearing, was examined. The functional response experiment was performed for 4th instar larvae, adult male and female of H. polita at five prey densities

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) is rapidly becoming a new sustainable ingredient. Currently, there is no information on purging BSFL and consequently their nutritional profile. In the first part of this study, the BSFL urea/ammonia content along with proximate, fatty acid and amino acids were examined when food was withdrawn at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 h. After 3 h, urea content linearly

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of many agricultural and ornamental crops responsible for damages that cause significant economic losses. Insecticides are commonly used in the field to control populations of B. tabaci leading to rapid development of resistance making the use of insecticides ineffective. Therefore, other strategies must be developed for the management

The present study was aimed to determine the concentration of elements in two edible insect species Microcerotermes parvulus (Sjöstedt, 1911) and Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius 1793) from Ghana. Elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, I, Ba, La, Ce, Pb) were analyzed by using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Differences in the element accumulation were observed between

Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Nuctuidae) is a well-known pest in the world which has established itself all over Iran. The effects of different doses of gamma radiation in the range of 100 to 350 Gy on some biological parameters of H. armigera were evaluated. The mean percentage of pupal mortality increased with increasing doses when 8-day-old pupae were irradiated. The lifespan of male

Muscid flies are of great medical and veterinary importance because of their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals. Their larvae are found on dead bodies and are used as a forensic indicator for estimating Post-Mortem Interval (PMI). A drawback of morphological identification of these larvae is lack of an identification key which covers all the life stages of the taxa. To overcome the

Broiler chicken’s production considered a very important sector of Egyptian poultry production. Diarrhea is a common problem that Threaten poultry production. There are many causes of broiler chicken’s diarrhea as; nutritional causes, infectious causes (viral, bacterial and parasitic). Larvae rarely infest and cause diarrhea in chickens but if present they irritate intestinal mucosa which causes a

The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea, Stephens (Neu.: Chrysopidae) is one of the most important predators for insect pests such as whiteflies, thrips, psyllids and aphids that ignificantly decrease their populations. In the current study, lethal (LC50) and sublethal effects (LC30) of three insecticides; clothianidin, tebufenozide and flupyradifurone on first instar larvae of C. carnea (

Nysius species are one of the emerging pests of perilla crop in Korea. Seed weight loss and germination of perilla seeds caused by Nysius plebeius were studied by exposing perilla seeds cv. Deulsaem to six insect infestation levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 individual) for 3 and 5 days in the laboratory. The seed weight loss and germination rate were significantly affected by infestation levels and

Insects were considered a sufficient sustainable and alternative source of nutrients for poultry, watermelon bug is the main pest ofwatermelons in Sudan. The insect meal contain high protein with relatively cheap price. This study was conducted to evaluate using watermelon bug meal as protein source on broiler chickens’ diet. 144 one-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized experimental

Rhizobacterial diversity is an indicator of soil health and in turn it is influenced by the host crops, edaphic factors and weather. The present investigation reports the diversity of endospore forming, gram positive rhizobacteria (Bacillus megaterium, B. thuringiensis, B. cereus and Lysinibacillus spp.) inhabiting 11 different agricultural crops in the IGP of India. Twelve Bacillus thuringensis (Bt)

We investigated the diversity and the population dynamics of insects attacking seed stocks of Acacia macrostachya, an indigenous legume tree whose seeds constitute an important food source for rural and urban populations in Burkina Faso. For this purpose, six thousand four hundred and two seeds were collected from newly harvested dry pods in spontaneous vegetation around the research station of Saria

Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) are major pests of stored wheat, Triticum aestivum (Linn.) and cause huge economic loss to it. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic and repellent effects of Camelina sativa (L.) extract using green synthesis of silver nanoparticles against O. surinamensis and S. granarius. The bioassays were performed by applying three concentrations (5

Larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens can be reared in large quantities on organic wastes. The larvae are harvested at the prepupal stage and used as feed for poultry and aquaculture. BSF farms in Nigeria make use of a combination of chicken feed and organic waste in the rearing processes. Chicken feed and organic waste can contain varying levels of heavy metals, which may accumulate

World representatives of the genus Napamus (Papp, 1993) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) are reviewed, and their relationships are discussed on the basis of external morphological characters. The only two species described to date are recognized, redescribed and illustrated: Napamus vipio (Reinhard, 1880) and Napamus zomborii (Papp, 1993). Information about their hosts and distribution is also given. Napamus

An experiment was conducted to explore the suitability of black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus) prepupae as poultry feed. Ninety day old, unsexed, Cobb chicks were distributed into 2 treatment groups, with 5 replicates, having 9 birds in each replicate, in a completely randomized design. The two dietary treatments consisted of corn-soy control diet and 5% supplemented insect meal-based

This study’s purpose was to make an overview of how ants, bees, wasps, and their products, such as honey are utilized, perceived, and experienced in daily life across sub-Saharan Africa. Ethno-entomological information was collected by interviews with more than 300 people from 27 countries and by literature studies. Queens of the ant Carebara vidua are deliberately eaten and unintentionally bee larvae

Butterfly fauna remains an important bio-indicator species in maintaining a healthy habitat, agents for plant richness, amongst others. Spatial distribution of butterflies in four habitat types including shrub, forested areas, agricultural farmland and riverside using baited traps and pollard walk methods was conducted from April to August, 2019 to ascertain the records of butterfly checklist in Delta

Due to the deleterious effect of chemical pesticides on human and environment, accelerated researchers to find a novel environmental friendly alternatives. Chitinase enzyme is a promising biocontrol agent against various crop pests including insects, nematodes and pathogenic fungi. In this context, here we elucidate the molecular toxicity of chitinase against the crop pest Corcyra cephalonica. Genotoxic

The use of pesticides may pose a serious threat to soil and water quality, human health, food safety, aquatic species and beneficial insects. Biological control is an effective component of integrated pest management comprising importation, augmentation and conservation. Conservation of natural enemies could enhance or limit the efficiency of herbivorous insect pests. The present study was designed

The Altitudinal Atlantic Forest is comprised of humid forest enclaves on top of the mountains surrounded by the Caatinga's xeric shrubland vegetation. It is considered a humidity refuge of endemism in semi-arid regions, and it is under intense anthropogenic pressure. Dung beetle communities are widely used as an ecological indicator of environmental conservation. However, dung beetle communities of

One of the traditional practices in drier eastern districts of Zimbabwe aimed to reduce protein malnutrition involves blending nutrient rich termite powders and millet flour. Despite this common practice, no standard guidelines have been developed to optimize and evaluate nutritional benefits of this blending. This study was aimed at formulating an extruded instant porridge composed of termite and

Insecticides and repellent chemicals are used to control the exposure to disease vectors. In this study, the repellence activity of ethanol extracts of the leaves of spearmint (Mentha spicata) and rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) was evaluated against the adult stages of female Anopheles arabiensis. In addition, the larvacidal effect of seed powder of neem (Azadrichiata indica) was evaluated against

In the present study, the sensitivity of the gut microbes of dengue fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to Indian traditional medicinal plants was evaluated. The microbes were isolated from the midgut of laboratory-reared fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and grown on Luria-Bertini agar plates at an optimum temperature of 27ºC. The microbial colonies were differentiated based on their characteristics such

Aedes aegypti is of utmost public health concern transmitting various diseases of human health concern. Employment of chemical-based control interventions has induced immunity in mosquitoes, harmed environment, and adversely affected human health and non-targets diverting the research focus on alternate measures. Current study investigates the efficacy of an Insect Growth Regulator, lufenuron, against

Lac, a natural resinous substance having profound economic importance, is a secretion of Lac insect Kerria chinensis (Hemiptera: Kerridae). Lac is widely cultivated in different states of India on several host plants. North eastern region particularly Assam is one of the biodiversity hotspots with approximately 4000 species of plants but exploitation of these natural flora for commercial production

Salicylic acid (SA) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) are signaling compounds that regulate a large number of defense responses in plants after exposure to the biotic and abiotic stresses. The antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum is well-known as a potential biocontrol agent that also induces defensive responses. In the present study, we tested the up- and down-regulation of defense responses of

In recent years, community’s perceptions and acceptance of edible insects as novel foods has gained momentum worldwide. Despite the importance of entomophagy in Kenya, little information exists on knowledge, perceptions and practices of edible insects among different communities. This study seeks to address this information gap by conducting surveys on edible insects in Kenya. Semi-structured questionnaires

Being rich in nutrients insects are potential nutraceutical resources. In the present study, we have selected the 8th instar larval stages of Tenebrio molitor and 5th instar nymphal stages of Sphenarium purpurascens, because these are the most sought after stages in the edible insect market in various states of the Mexican Republic. We have estimated their proximate composition and mineral contents

The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of commercially available chemical compound used in management of tick infestation in this area where the Rhipicephalus microplus is the most prevalent species of ticks. The most important chemical compound used for controlling ticks in this area is cypermethrin, deltamethrin and amitraz. This is happen because cheap and easy availability of these compound

Pollination of avocado flowers is essential for fruit production and is facilitated by various insect taxa. Currently, there is limited information available on the community structure of the pollinators of avocado crops in East Africa. We duly present the distinct groups of insects visiting avocado flowers across two most important avocado producing countries in the East African region. Insects were

The eri silkworm, Samia ricini, is associated with symbiotic bacteria believed to be playing several physiological functions to the host. The larvae of S. ricini were subjected to isolation of gut bacteria using culture-dependent 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing; and qualitative and quantitative enzymatic assays. The results of qualitative cellulolytic assays indicated that 58% of the screened

So far, little work has been done on the economically significant families of terrestrial heteroptera in Pakistan's Pothwar region. The taxonomy of the Pentatomidae family of the suborder Heteroptera was primarily the subject of previous work. In the present research, the author conducted surveys of different heteropteran families from different altitudes for the exploration of fauna. Meschia pugnax

In the last few years, Dactylopius opuntiae has seriously harmed the cactus pear in Morocco. Chemical control and predators are presently the predominant method used to control this scale pest. In this study the lethal and sublethal effects of the insecticides: d-limonene (60 g/l) 150 cc/hl, mineral oil (780 g/l) 2400 cc/hl, and potassium salts of fatty acid (500 g/l) 40 cc/hl on Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

The predatory African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) effectively control pests by predation as well as by semiochemicals which influence the behaviour of certain species. Here, we investigated and compared the role of O. longinoda semiochemicals on the oviposition responses of two major fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species of mango; the invasive species, Bactrocera dorsalis