The cotton bollworms are major pests that reduce yield and quality of the growing cotton crop all over the world. (PBW) pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella onseder acommon injurious bollworms of cotton in Egypt, a field studies were performed to evaluate the management of mercantile bollworm pheromones and/with parasitoid Trichogramma evenecens, compared with recommended bollworms insecticides,

Brazil is the world’s largest producer and consumer of yellow passion fruit, Passiflora edulis Sims (Passifloraceae). Among the insects identified as pests associated with passion fruit, Lonchaeidae flies are of great economic importance because they damage floral buds, thereby affecting fruit development and causing production losses. However, there is no recommended monitoring system that uses traps

Macrotermes natalensis is a widely consumed edible termite species that inhabits termitaria of different soil colours in southern Africa. However, there is paucity of data regarding the relationship between termitaria soil properties, nutritional composition and safety for edible soldier termites. We hypothesised that soil properties viz. metal composition, and colour are positively correlated to mineral

The rhodesgrass mealybug, Antonina graminis (Maskell, 1897), is reported for the first time from Chile, in the northern region of Tarapacá. This legless mealybug is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, and yet mentioned in the neighbouring countries. It feeds on a large variety of grasses (Poaceae), and can be considered as pest. The species identification was based

There has been a long standing tradition of stingless bee, Meliponula beccarii (M. beccarii), honey hunting in Ethiopian farming communities. However, attempt has not been made to domesticate and manage stingless bees for sustainable harvest of the products. Domestication trial of M. beccarii in different hives types were conducted for colony adaptation. For this purpose, a total of 33 stingless bee

Crickets have been promoted as a possible animal protein source in child feeding by enriching porridge with cricket powder due to its nutritional contribution and affordability. The aim of this study was to develop a nutrient-dense cereal- cricket porridge suitable for school feeding programmes in Kenya and determine its safety and acceptability in comparison to cereal and cereal-milk porridges. Porridge

Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee is a key pest of brinjal and a major constraint to its production in the Indian subcontinent. The influence of constant as well as alternating temperatures on the development and survival of the pest is not known. Also, no information is available on the thermal constant, development thresholds, and phenology for the insect. So, the development

The presence, for the first time, of Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in chickpea crops (Cicer arietinum) was confirmed in Argentina via morphological and molecular characterization of the cytochrome oxidase-1 gene from mtDNA. This species is highly oligophagous, preferring to infest Fabaceae plants, such as soybean and other beans. In South America, M. sojae was reported in Brazil

Several studies have assessed the efficiency of insect growth regulators to control Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. However, empirical evidence evaluating how insect growth regulators respond to different temperatures is scarce. In this paper, we evaluate whether temperature may influence the efficiency of pyriproxyfen. To do so, we analyzed the effect of three temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C)

Chitin is the second most abundant bio-polymer after cellulose in earth. This carbohydrate polymer is one of the major components of the cell wall of some micro-organisms and exoskeleton of certain invertebrates. Recent studies show the potential application of chitin and its derivatives in chemical, medical, agricultural, food technology, pollutant treatment and textile sectors. The traditional resources

Termites play an important role in the process of decomposition of organic matter in tropical ecosystems and participate in the evolution of soil structure. This study was carried out in the north of Côte d’Ivoire to evaluate the influence of cashew tree orchards’ age on termite assemblages. The standardised method for rapid estimation (RAP) of biodiversity was used to collect termites in four (4)

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important crop pest among the 100 worst invasive species which threatens agriculture worldwide and poses a serious threat to global food security. The control of B. tabaci depends on the insecticide applications in Pakistan, therefore, monitoring of insecticide resistance is essential for achieving control and for

This review focuses on the characteristics of the life-cycle, and the nutritional properties, preservation, and marketing of Comadia redtenbacheri (Hammerschmidt) (red agave worm) and Aegiale hesperiaris (Walker) (white maguey worm) as alimentary options with nutritional benefits for humans. These insects are widely consumed in Mexico, the highest-ranking country worldwide in terms of insect diversity

The use of insects as food and feed is widespread worldwide due to their attractive nutritional profile comparable to that of conventional livestock. In particular, edible grasshoppers act as a food source to many tribes in East and Central Africa but still harvested from their natural habitats. In this perspective, the health hazards associated with consumption of grasshoppers ought to be investigated

The papaya mealybug (PM) is a known notorious polyphagous insect pest of many plant species and has always been found associated with a new host/s in newly invaded areas. This pest recently invaded West and Central Africa. Surveys were conducted randomly from July 2014 to May 2018 to determine the host range of this pest in the Center and Littoral regions in Cameroon. Plants infested by PM were recognized

The pest status of the red cotton bug, Dysdercus koenigii (Fab.) has been changing due to the climatic changes, and appearances of new natural enemies in cotton agro-ecosystems. As a specialized predator of Dysdercus bugs, Antilochus coquebertii (Fab.) has been known, and is abundant now in cotton fields in Tamil Nadu, India. Therefore we investigated its predatory behavior and the preference against

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci is a highly polyphagous and most damaging insect pest of cotton and many other economically important crops throughout the world. Recently in India, whitefly threat is increasing in cotton crop. North Indian cotton growing belt experienced severe outbreak of this pests during 2014–15 causing huge yield losses. With the changing climate scenario and the polyphagous trait

Soil Arthropods are a vitally important component of the ecosystem, as their diversity, abundance, and distribution pattern play a vital role in ecosystem sustainability. Their population is expected to vary according to geographical patterns and environmental variables such as temperature, and humidity. For this purpose, we collected soil arthropods from the two regions having different latitudinal

Mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens affecting humans causing morbidity, mortality and significant economic losses. Insecticides provide main-protection against vector-mosquitoes. However, synthetic insecticides, cause environmental contamination and increase vector resistance. These effects make it a priority to search for alternative means that are not deleterious to the environment and are public

Globally, edible insects are increasingly being recognised as an alternative to animal protein source. However, the effect of heat-processing methods on the insects’ nutritional value has not been extensively studied for most edible insects. The effect of thermal processing on proximate and dietary fibre composition of the edible ground cricket, Henicus whellani Chopard, was investigated at different

An investigation on association of seed borer, Trymalitis margarias Meyrick infestation with ecological parameters was carried out in sapota between 2016 to 2019. Seed borer incidence commenced from September (1.00–1200%) and the peak activity was reported during December (8.50 to 9.25%) at initial fruiting phase. The fruit damage slightly decline in January and again attained maximum in March (10

World demand for honey and hive products is in excess of marketed production. In Africa, honey is the most important hive product and is the main driver of producers venturing in beekeeping. Despite the enormous demand for honey both locally and internationally, production is still below potential and this is attributable to multiple challenges. They include lack of Apiculture policy, decline in the

We aimed to evaluate the influence of climate and seasonality on the wild bee community from forest patches of an anthropic matrix located in a transition area between two biodiversity hotspots in southeastern Brazil using complementary sampling methods. The bees were sampled for all seasons of the year, using pan traps and sweep nets. We analyzed the bee community in terms of dominance, diversity

In the original publication, the names of the second and third author were scrambled. The original article has been corrected and the proper representation of the authors’ names and their affiliation is also published here.

The house cricket (Acheta domesticus) is a nutrient-rich insect that can be mass-produced for food to bridge the nutritional gap of human food. Good knowledge of the different developmental stages is crucial for the success of its farming. This study is therefore aimed at understanding the morphological changes of house cricket egg, first stage of the development cycle, but unfortunately little studied

The present work was aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Pentatomidae based on mitochondrial Cyt b gene sequences. We sequenced and analysed a 440 bp fragment of Cyt b gene to assess the level of sequence divergence in different species of Pentatomid bugs collected from distant localities of Northern India. The data divulged an R-value of 1.19 suggesting transitions to be more than

Calosoma sycophanta L. is a voracious predatory beetle that feeds on several important lepidopteran pests such as the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.), the brown-tail moth (Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.) and the pine processionary moths (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). It is mass reared in laboratory breeding and released against forest pests. So, C. sycophanta are important predators with the potential to be

The research studies were conducted to determine the effects of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L). (Seed extract) and transgenic cotton CEMB-33, BT-906 varieties against larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence, fecundity and fertility of Spodoptera litura Fab. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions 27.5 ± 5 °C and relative humidity 65 ± 5%, at (MAHQ) Biological Research Centre, University

Accurate identification of insect specimens is an essential requirement in forensic entomology. This study aimed to collect adult sarcophagid flies and to identify them based on the male genitalic characters. Its the first report of Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) aegyptica from India. The fly has collected, from pig carcasses placed in indoor, outdoor, and aquatic environments during bloated & advanced

Many infectious diseases including malaria, lymphatic filariasis, chikungunya and dengue are transmitted by mosquitoes. Understanding the entomological diversity in a given area is critical for defining health risks, but also to design and evaluate control measures. Our study aimed to establish an entomological database of the Culicidae fauna in two clusters (Nyalla and Kambo) in the city of Douala

Most of the tropical ecosystems are now altered, consequently modifying the species diversity, composition and feeding behaviours. Precisely, the survival of species is dependent on their characteristics to endure the novel environments immersed in human-dominated landscapes. Thus, comparative studies of how different community attributes and trophic guilds respond to changes in land use would be useful

Sugarcane is one of the important commercial crop in India and white grubs are one of the serious pests of this crop. The present study was taken up to study the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Holotrichia serrata (Fabricius) in sugarcane. Laboratory bioassay studies were conducted using five strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (ICAR-NBAIR Ma-4, Ma-6, Ma-11, Ma-14a & Ma-35) and one strain

The pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is one of the most deleterious pests of pistachio trees. Deciphering genetic diversity and population structure is a prerequisite for developing efficacious suppression protocols and successful management strategies for any insect pest including A. pistaciae. Mitochondrial genome sequencing furnishes valuable information about insect evolution and diversity

The aim of this study was to assess the physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of oil from termite (Macrotermes subhylanus), green and brown long-horned grasshopper (Ruspolia differens). The insects were harvested in Siaya county of Western Kenya from the wild during swarming seasons. Physico-chemical characteristics of insects oil and the effect of two traditional heat processing

Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas, commonly known as red pumpkin beetle, is an important pest of many cucurbitaceous plants in India. To develop the mass rearing facilities, this research was conducted on the effects of photoperiods on larval and adult development of A. foveicollis on roots and leaves of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi, commonly known as creeping cucumber, respectively, at five different

Plants may use different strategies to attract pollinators in long distance (e.g. floral display) and in short distance (e.g. ratio between differentially colored flowers) scales. The Verbenaceae Lantana canescens Kunth is a wide spread species in open sites of the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. Individuals of this generalist species can produce a variable number of open inflorescences with yellow and

Mounds are prominent architectural features found in savannah ecosystems, where they play important roles. Although constant in form for many species, the appearance and type of mound can vary with environmental conditions such as rainfall, temperature, vegetation and locality. However, variability between mounds of same species in different habitats like savannah is not well studied. Here we compared

South American tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an oligophagous insect pest that infests solanaceous crops like tomato, brinjal and potato. The incidence of T. absoluta could cause significant yield losses of up to 100% on tomato crop and therefore farmers are following chemical management practices to tackle the pest. However, continuous and indiscriminate usage

In recent times short horn grasshoppers (i.e. acridids) have been emerged as a potential nutrient resource for livestock in India. But it is necessary to attempt their mass production for a sustainable supply which is also cost effective. In this context the present work aimed to evaluate the ability of annual production of Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum (Walker, 1871). The insects were reared

Essential oils are well known to act as biopesticides in pest management programs. The main purpose of this research is to explore the insecticidal potential (fumigant and repellent toxicity) of binary mixtures of essential oils extracted from leaves of three Mentha species namely Mentha rotundifolia, M. viridis and M. longifolia collected from north Tunisia against adults of the rice weevil Sitophilus

Hematophagous flies belonging to the families Culicidae and Tabanidae, have played an important role in human health and domestic/wild and animal health. We performed weekly collections of active-flying flies of dipterans form the families Culicidae and Tabanidae with Malaise, CDC and BG-Sentinel traps during September to October of 2017 among different vegetation types characteristic of the archeological

Adult mosquitoes are the main transmitter for vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, and encephalitis. In such diseases, vector control is more accessible and logical than treatment. The use of mosquito repellent is one prevention strategy, especially in endemic areas, to minimize contact with mosquitoes. Essential oils (EO)s based repellents receive more attention as an alternative

All the three agro-ecological zones (sub-tropical, intermediate and temperate) of the Jammu province were surveyed for potential pesticidal plants. Methanol extracts of all the thirteen plants / plant parts and fractions were assessed for insecticidal activity. Eight treatments (T3 –Boerhavia diffusa stem methanolic extract, T6 –Boerhavia diffusa roots methanolic extract, T7 –Boerhavia diffusa roots

The bark-eating caterpillar, Indarbela obliquifasciata Mell has become a major pest of garden plants in Guangzhou, China. However, little is known about the sex identification of either adults or pupae. In this paper, according to a comparative morphological study of 55 adults and their corresponding pupae or puparia, we concluded a rapid and accurate method for identifying its sexuality. The results

The ectoparasitoid Bracon brevicornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacks Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in dry bolls during the late cotton season 2018. Observations on the behaviors, some biological aspects and life table parameters of B.brevicornis were studied on two hosts pests; P. gossypiella and Galleria mellonella under the laboratory conditions. Larval

The present study investigated the predation attributes of hunting and web-building spiders of Indian subcontinent against rice-pests, under in-vitro conditions. Field observations revealed that the lynx spider, Oxyopes javanus and the ground-dwelling wolf-spider, Pardosa sumatrana were the most abundant arboreal hunting spiders, while Neoscona theisi and Tetragnatha javana, were the most abundant

In this long-term study we evaluated the diversity and seasonality of predatory insects (Diptera: Syrphidae and Asilidae) in Brachiaria decumbens monoculture and silvopastoral systems in Southeast Brazil. The study was conducted in Coronel Pacheco municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, between February 2010 and January 2015. Insects were collected with malaise traps installed in both monoculture

The ecological study of synchronous firefly from the genus Pteroptyx was conducted at Sungai Rembau, Negeri Sembilan. It involved year–long sampling efforts during night time from November 2017 until October 2018. A total of 20 sampling stations were selected along 5.59 km stretch of the river with an interval ranging between 100 to 500 m. Sampling was carried out using sweeping net, randomly for one

Soil represents an important reservoir of biodiversity consisting of various forms of life and role in promoting soil health and fertility. The present study was undertaken to explore the diversity and seasonal occurrence of soil arthropod mesofauna with emphasis on oribatid mites in three different tea agro-practicing gardens viz., conventional, organic and biorational approaches located in Assam

Melipona colimana is a stingless bee endemic to the temperate regions of Jalisco, Mexico, where it provides pollinating services and is cultured for the production of honey and cerumen. There is little information about the sanitary status of M. colimana, but it is critical to know more about it to keep these bees healthy and productive. The proximity of M. colimana colonies to commercial honey bee

Eucalyptus tree is an important exotic species used for building construction, environmental amelioration and ornamental purposes in the tropics. However, termites cause a great damage and high mortality to seedlings and saplings of Eucalyptus in the field. Information on critical period and soil depth of termite foraging activities is required to formulate effective management programme. In this study

The threat to honeybees, Apis mellifera occasioned by anthropogenic activities often reduced variations and loss of diversity globally, hence the need to conserve the existing honeybee populations. Fifteen morphological characters were measured for variation on four hundred (400) worker honeybee samples purposively collected from two agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Inferential statistics Analysis

Notoedric mange, caused by sarcoptiform Notoedres mites, an obligately parasite, causes potentially fatal dermatitis along with secondary systemic infections in small mammals, felids as well as humans. In the present case study, we describe clinical diagnosis and therapeutic management of notoedric mange with ivermectin in rabbits. Two New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) naturally infested

Whitefly is an important pest and vector of many plant begomoviruses. Investigations were carried out to understand the acquisition, retention, transmission, and gender basis transmission efficiency of Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MeYVMV) by whitefly. The minimum acquisition access feeding period (AAFP) was 0.10 h which resulted in 11.1% infected plants. Based on LAMP assay and yellowing symptoms

The occurrence of diverse and copious communities of insects are considered the indicator of ecosystem sustainability in different habitats. This study was designed to investigate the diversity of various insect species among different habitats viz. Agro-farms, citrus orchards, and around the pond areas from January 2018 to December 2018. Sampling was done every month in the morning by using sweep

The constant rise in the human population has led to food insecurity and malnourishment issues across the globe. Acceptance and popularization of entomophagy in society can help to meet the increasing demand for food supply. The high nutritive profile of edible insects makes them an excellent supplement in the diet. Consumption of edible insects as food and use in medicine is common among various tribes

The desert locust (Schitocerca gregaria) swarms in numbers that decimate farmland, threatening an already vulnerable horn and Eastern region of Africa. The aim of this research was to assess the nutrient content and oil characteristics of the desert locust and for possible utilization as a food resource at industrial scale. The desert locusts were harvested from swarms in various regions of Kenya.

Rapid spread of vector borne diseases, especially through mosquitoes is in alarming rise worldwide. Among mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti is a major vector transmitting arboviruses such as dengue and zika to human population. The ineffectiveness of control measures against these arboviruses has necessitated alternate strategies to curb disease transmission. Recent studies show that symbiotic bacteria from

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is an economically important insect pest of maize in most African countries, including Ghana. Hence, this study tested the efficacy of selected biorational and synthetic insecticides for the control of FAW in two maize cultivars in Ghana. The cultivars, Ewul-boyu and Wang-dataa, and the insecticides, neem seed oil (NSO) (azadirachtin), Agoo (Bacillus

Chemical control of Bactrocera cucurbitae in crops biomagnifies toxic residues in fruits and vegetables imposes health-hazard effects on consumers and demands for eco-friendly approaches. Present research assessed the bio-efficacy of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Verticillium lecanii and Bacillus thuringiensis by adult-diet-bioassay at eleven concentrations (1 × 108, 5 × 107, 1 × 107