Subsurface drip irrigation is the most efficient irrigation technology available to agricultural producers. The dimensions of wetted areas, affected by subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system design and initial soil moisture conditions, were evaluated around emitters in three different indoor soil bins with a growing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) crop. To investigate the dynamics of soil moisture an

Increasing population, pollution of current natural resources, global warming and climate change are increasing pressure on water resources. To maintain the food security of the increasing population, it is essential to increase sustainable agricultural production and to use current limited water resources optimally. In this study, the effect of surface drip (SDI) and subsurface drip (SSDI) irrigation

For sustainable irrigated agriculture, scheduling irrigations based on accurate estimates of crop water requirements (ETc, crop evapotranspiration) are critical. ETc was estimated as a product of a reference crop evapotranspiration computed from weather data and a crop coefficient (Kc) in weather-based irrigation scheduling. In this investigation, an eddy covariance (EC) method was used for quantifying

The efficiency of irrigation, as well as optimization of nutrients, affect spinach yield in all growth stages. In this study, the sensitivity of spinach (early and mature yields) to shallow saline groundwater and the effect of fertigation treatments on mature yield were experimentally investigated. The sprinkler irrigation experiments were conducted on 0.47 ha of silty clay soil at the University of

Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) estimation are important in irrigation scheduling. Evapotranspiration estimation is mostly done by Penman–Montieth method. Though Penman–Montieth method is adopted for drip irrigation, there are possibilities of uncertainty due to the non-availability of experimentally verified crop factor values. Hence the estimation of ETc directly in fields

This work studies the feasibility of using automated drip irrigation based on the volumetric soil water content measured with capacitance probes in early maturing nectarine trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. ‘Flariba’) grown in a clay–loam soil in Mediterranean conditions. An automated irrigation treatment (AUTO), based on the management allowed depletion (MAD) concept (with a feed-back control system)

Multiple substances in the reclaimed water would be easily coupled with the effective components of fertilizers applied in the drip irrigation system when reusing it in the farmland, making the drip irrigation emitters extremely easy to be clogged, and the mechanism becoming more complex. However, the effects of different fertilizer types on emitters clogging using the reclaimed water and the influential

A 3-year study was conducted to determine the irrigation requirements for field tomato production in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Irrigation requirements were ascertained using both a weather-based crop water model, and data from soil moisture sensors. The equivalent irrigation depth applied based on real-time soil moisture measurements among four soil moisture treatments ranged from 102 to 168 mm

Water status directly affects yield and crop quality in grapevines. Precision viticulture demands the application of new available technologies and methodologies for accurate irrigation management in vineyards. The objective of this work was the development of an on-the-go thermal imaging application for the assessment and mapping of vineyard water status, building a dataset from a commercial Tempranillo

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a very important legume crop mainly due to its nutritional properties, being cultivated in several countries. However, parameters on water consumption and crop coefficient (Kc) are limited by cultivar for irrigation management. Thus, this study aimed to determine the water requirements and Kc for three chickpea cultivars. The crop reference evapotranspiration (ETo)

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-021-00733-3

In this study, we investigated the effects of deficit drip irrigation practices on evapotranspiration, water-yield relations, and quality characteristics of two sesame varieties (Muganli-57 and Birkan) grown in the lysimeters under the Mediterranean climate conditions. Irrigation treatments were rainfed (non-irrigated) (I0), drip irrigation with 25% (DI25), 50% (DI50), 75% (DI75), and 100% (DI100)

Traditional static design approaches are often challenged by multifaceted uncertainties such as climate change, future demand, supply options, high-tech opportunities as well as budgetary constraints. However, robust approaches that incorporate the option of flexibility combined with optimization advances are likely to meet threshold performance criteria with the least amount of associated expenses

One of the greatest challenges in recent years is providing enough food to feed the increasing world population, while available freshwater resources become limited. However, effective fertilizer management has also a fundamental role to improve yield quality and quantity. A field experiment was conducted over 2 years, using a split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design. The experiments

The influence of three levels of water supply (unlimited (WW); water stress during flowering (RO); rainfed (P)) on radiation properties and yield of two soybean varieties (Sinara, Sin; Sigalia, Sig) were evaluated. Sin is considered to be tolerant to water stress. The effect of leaf area index, year, variety, and meteorological variables on evapotranspiration (ET) was analysed by hierarchical regression

The production of nursery crops demands substantial irrigation, with overhead irrigation the most common method of application; however, this method is inefficient with respect to water used and the precision with which it is applied, resulting in the generation of irrigation return flow and concomitant agrochemical export. Microirrigation systems such as individual container spray stakes provide water

Having an accurate yet simple method to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETC) is a vital component of reliable irrigation scheduling. In this study, two versions of the two-source energy balance (TSEB) model: the TSEB model with the Priestley–Taylor equation (TSEB-PT) and the Penman–Monteith equation (TSEB-PM), were used to estimate ETC of dry edible beans in western Nebraska. Compared with previous

Water-saving technologies (WSTs) have been publicized for many years in the North China Plain. However, WSTs are not well accepted and farmers have a preference for traditional irrigation technology rather than modern ones. This paper examines determinants of adopting traditional or modern WSTs, especially effects of water scarcity. Using cross-sectional data of 267 farm households, we first categorized

A method of soil moisture content prediction is presented using fractional differential generalization of one-dimensional Richards equation for the purposes of decision support in irrigation. We propose to use water head dynamics data gathered in the beginning of growth season to perform a calibration of the model by the meta-heuristic particle swarm algorithm. Van Genuchten model is used to describe

Pressurised irrigation networks with a certain degree of automation allow centralized fertigation and maintenance operations such as cleaning subunits and preventing the proliferation of invasive species such as zebra mussels. Until now, there is no methodology that guarantees the total cleaning of the network of a substance in the shortest possible time. In the same way, it does not exist to guarantee

Irrigation with saline water is practiced in countries prone to water scarcity, in arid and semi-arid climates. In a Mediterranean climate (Sicily, southern Italy), transpiration and canopy resistance were determined in a vineyard (Syrah grafted on Paulsen 1103) irrigated with water at two salinity levels. One section of the experimental plot was irrigated with water of low salinity (electrical conductivity

Two field experiments were conducted to determine the optimum irrigation method and drip fertigation rate in menthol mint during the spring of 2015 and 2016. Experiment I comprised combinations of four drip irrigation rates [60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration (ETC)] and three fertigation rates [60, 80, and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), i.e. 75 kg N and 40 kg P2O5 ha−1]

Improving the management of irrigation schemes is a priority in the Mediterranean countries of the EU to achieve the objectives of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60EC. In the case of schemes based on open-channel networks for water conveyance and delivery, a limitation to the management efficiency is the huge number of gates that need to be controlled and regulated manually to adapt the flow to

A substantial area of the new almond plantations in Spain is under irrigation but because of water scarcity, deficit irrigation (DI) strategies have to be adopted. This study assesses the long-term sustainability of different DI strategies over 6 years (2014–2019) on a mature almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Web] orchard in southern Spain. Four irrigation treatments were imposed: full irrigation (FI);

Drip irrigation and fertigation, being advocated for higher crop and water productivity require optimization of irrigation and fertilization schedules. Field experiments were conducted during 2016–2018 to evaluate water and energy-efficient drip irrigation and fertigation schedules for higher productivity and profitability from oilseed rape. The treatments comprised of a combination of three levels

Nonuniformity in fertilization causes water and soil pollution, thus negatively affecting the yield and quality of crops. Differential pressure tanks are widely used in China. However, such tanks hardly overcome nonuniformity in fertilization. In this study, a flux control method is derived for uniform fertilization on the basis of differential pressure tank with optimal (constant) fertilizer concentration

Basil (Ocimum basilicum.L) is an aromatic herb with economic importance due to its essential oils useful for the production of foods, perfumes, and medicines. Its chemical composition may vary by genetic factors, harvesting stage, and water availability. This work evaluated the content, yield, and the composition of sweet basil essential oil irrigated at different levels of soil water tension and harvested

A study was performed to evaluate the clumped model in estimating olive orchard evapotranspiration (ETa) using meteorological data and high-resolution thermal infrared (TIR) imagery obtained from a camera onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). An experimental site was established within a superintensive drip-irrigated olive (cv. Arbequina) orchard located in the Pencahue Valley (35.49° S, 71.73°W

Increased water demands and climate change have reduced agricultural water resources in areas that experience water shortages. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in an arid region of Saudi Arabia to evaluate the effects of two drip irrigation systems [surface (DI) and subsurface (SDI)] and three irrigation levels [100%, 70%, and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (I100, I70, and I50, respectively)]

The energy of sprinkler irrigation drops splashing on the soil surface or the crop canopy depends on their size and velocity. The kinetic energy of sprinkler irrigation drops is a major factor degrading the soil surface. The effect of a growing maize canopy on sprinkler drop energy dissipation and water partitioning was analyzed. A field experiment was performed on a solid-set sprinkler irrigated plot

The acai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a fruit from the Amazon that is originally found in flooded areas. Over recent years, its marketability has gained significant interest in Brazil and abroad because of its agronomic, nutritional and economic potential. However, there is a lack of technical-scientific information about crop water requirements for irrigation management during the reproductive

Variations in climate, crop, and field conditions have caused different results in applying regulated deficit irrigation (DI) and partial root drying irrigation (PRD) for citrus. In this study field grown, Washington Navel orange trees were exposed to RDI and PRD practices at two reduced irrigation levels: 80% and 50% of full water requirement under a semi-arid climate. Applying DI-80 and PRD-80 resulted

This study estimates breakeven price distributions for irrigated and non-irrigated corn, cotton, and soybean production in Tennessee under conventional tillage and no-till for three field sizes and two sources of energy for irrigation. The distributions were compared using forecasted prices of corn, cotton, and soybean realized under different climate scenarios. The price simulation focuses on the

Field stresses such as salinity and fertility stresses affect on stomatal resistance and evapotranspiration (ET). But the effects of these stresses were ignored in the determination of ET and irrigation requirement. The present study investigated evapotranspiration (ET) and available moisture for maize SC 704 under salinity and fertility stresses. Treatments of saline water were 0.5 \(\left( {{\text{S}}_{0}

In many orchards, irrigation scheduling is designed based on data from meteorological networks and considering homogeneous soil properties. Such assumptions may result in inefficient irrigation, which is difficult to constrain without expensive or invasive techniques. Here we have evaluated the ability of the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for detecting meter-scale irrigation uniformity and

Research on field water consumption is critical for optimizing crop growth and policy-making, in which the computer models play an increasingly important role. As a water-driven crop model, the AquaCrop model has been used in a large number of studies since its launch in 2009. However, how the model performs in predicting the ecohydrological process of farmland under film-mulched drip irrigation is

Irrigation with activated water (magnetized and ionized water) can promote crop growth, increase crop yield, and improve water-use efficiency (WUE), but the mechanism of the impact of activated water in agricultural irrigation and production needs to be further explored. We analyzed the responses of growth parameters of winter wheat in field experiments in the main grain-producing area of China to

In the semi-humid region of northeast China, the plastic-film mulching (PFM) is essential for sustaining yields, while the yield-increase potential and nitrogen (N) use mechanism under different PFM patterns in this area remain poorly understood. A field experiment using maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted for two consecutive years to study the effects of different PFM patterns on soil microclimate factors

Residue removal from maize (Zea mays) fields offers an opportunity to increase farmer profits, but potential tradeoffs for water dynamics and crop performance merit further evaluation. This study, established in 2014, compared the effects of two tillage practices (no-till and conventional) and two residue management practices (harvested vs. kept in place) on maize grain yields, water infiltration,

This article presents findings from a field research study conducted in the San Joaquin Valley of California in 2016–2018 to appraise the effects of soil salinity and sodicity on evapotranspiration and energy balance components of micro-irrigated pistachio orchards. Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and tree physiologic parameters were measured during consecutive growing seasons in mature orchards grown

The main goal of this work was to evaluate the potential of the Shuttleworth–Wallace (SW) model for mapping actual crop evapotranspiration (ET) over complex surface located in the foothill of the Atlas Mountain (Morocco). This model needs many input variables to compute soil \(({r}_{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{s}})\) and vegetation (\({r}_{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{v}})\) resistances, which are often difficult

Increasing water scarcity and environmental contamination with excess chemical nitrogen fertilizer use necessitate the development of water-nitrogen conservation technology in rice production. Therefore, a 2-year field experiment (2017–2018) was conducted with three water regimes, namely (1) continuous flooding irrigation, CF; (2) safe alternate wetting and drying irrigation, AWDsafe; and (3) severe

The use of hydrogeophysical methods provides insights for supporting optimal irrigation design and management. In the present study, the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) was applied for monitoring the soil water motion patterns resulting from the adoption of water deficit scenarios in a micro-irrigated orange orchard (Eastern Sicily, Italy). The relationship of ERI with independent ancillary data

The original article can be found online.

One of the most fertilizing effluents for irrigation are those from fish farms. In drip irrigation systems, emitter clogging is the biggest problem of the effluent application. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to assess the clogging rate of a drip irrigation system using the effluent of a rainbow trout farm. A control treatment with the input fish farm freshwater and two more using fish farm effluent

A meta-analysis was performed on 351 studies from 17 articles published between 1990 and 2016 to determine how a water use efficiency (WUE) treatment is affected by irrigation systems and management practices on clay and clay loam soils in a semi-arid environment relative to a rainfed control. Several explanatory variables (moderators) were examined to determine their impact on WUE such as crop type

Saline water can be used in drip irrigation systems, thus conserving freshwater. However, the emitters used in drip irrigation are easily prone to salinity-related chemical clogging, which has become a barrier to the exploitation and utilization of saline water in this context. We therefore analyzed the behavior and emitter distribution of chemical clogging using a drip irrigation experiment comparing

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the hydraulics and discharge characteristics of sharp-crested weir culverts with downstream ramps for hydraulically smooth wall boundary and for free, partially submerged, and fully submerged-flow conditions. Four weir-culvert models were tested with different weir heights, ramp lengths, and culvert heights. The partially submerged-flow conditions

Crop nitrogen (N) status is known to affect crop water status and crop water use. To investigate further the N effects on soil water changes and on canopy temperature, three water levels × four N levels were imposed on two growing seasons of maize in west central Nebraska, USA. Soil water changes were measured using a neutron probe, whereas canopy temperature was measured using infrared thermometers

Red clover is a very important species in temperate regions of Chile and around the world. Southern Chile has been affected by climate variability, particularly relating to the quantity, distribution, and frequency of rainfall patterns. Over time, this has changed the red clover persistence and dry matter (DM) yield. The study was conducted at the Regional Research Center Carillanca of the Instituto

A 2-year field experiment was conducted with the objectives to evaluate the physiological and yield response of quinoa cv Titicaca to various deficit irrigation strategies applied with surface drip (SD) and subsurface drip systems (SSD) under the Mediterranean climatic conditions in 2016 and 2017. The treatments consisted of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI), partial root-zone drying (PRD50), conventional

Drip irrigation is now commonly used for maize cultivation in China and other regions of the globe. The goal of this study was to compare water and fertilizer use as well as economic benefits for surface and subsurface drip irrigation and for mulched and non-mulched maize production in northeast China. An experiment was conducted during 2015 and 2016 in Chifeng in Inner Mongolia, China that included

Water is a vital resource for agricultural crop production in the Texas Panhandle. This semi-arid region relies almost solely on the Ogallala Aquifer as the primary source of water. Agricultural production dominates water use in the area and is projected to account for 92% of total water use by 2020. Since agriculture is such an essential sector of the regional economy, prolonging irrigation capability

In North Florida, increasing nitrogen loads and water quality declines have become a major concern, in part as result of anthropogenic non-point source activities such as agriculture. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation strategies and nitrogen (N) fertility rates on maize biomass, yield and water productivity in sandy soils. The field experiment was conducted

Rational parameterization of the soil water stress reduction function in root water uptake model is crucial for accurate description of root water uptake and simulation of soil water dynamics in a soil–plant system. In this study, we propose three improvements to a popular transpiration-based approach to parameterize the water stress reduction function in a widely used macroscopic root water uptake

Crop water productivity (CWP) is a measure of crop yield per unit of water consumed and plays a crucial role in evaluating the role of alternate management practices for sustainable production. This study investigates the crop water and yield dynamics of rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to three (low, moderate, and high water stress) deficit irrigation scenarios. Factorial experiments were conducted

Groundwater aquifers support agricultural production in many parts of the world. Rapidly declining aquifer levels can have significant negative implications for the sustainability of irrigated agriculture. In this paper, we study the effects of declining well capacities on the downside risk of irrigated agricultural production, defined as the standard deviation of profits that are below the average

With the assumption that the water advance and the infiltration opportunity have an exponential relationship, a new equation was derived to estimate the time of water advance along a surface-irrigated field. Using the derived advance equation, a new method was developed for estimating the Kostiakov–Lewis infiltration parameters. The proposed advance equation and Elliot and Walker's advance equation

Carbonates participate in soil aggregation and, therefore, influence the essential agrophysical properties of soil. Irrigation, using both fresh water and treated wastewaters (FW and TWW), can interfere with the soil carbonate system and affect (micro)aggregation. We undertook a micromorphological study on a series of characteristic Mediterranean soils irrigated with FW and TWW, emphasising the effects

Scarcity of good quality water is a limiting factor for irrigated agriculture, especially in a semi-arid region, which induces the use of waters with high salt levels to irrigate crops. As a result, it becomes necessary to use salt tolerant genotypes and appropriate cultivation strategies that enable their production. With this focus, this study was carried out to evaluate the production components