Viral nervous necrosis (VNN), or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), is an acute viral disease of fish, resulting in high mortality globally in cultured marine fish. The pathogen, Betanodavirus belonging to the family Nodaviridae, has been widely documented in both farmed and wild fish, besides in invertebrate species across the habitat barriers. However, cichlid

Understanding the development of immunity in the early life of fish may help improve the effective management of diseases in aquaculture. However, little is known about the timing of the appearance of different immune-related genes in African catfish C. gariepinus, an important aquaculture species in Africa and Southeast Asia countries. The current study examined the transcriptional onset of immune-related

Utilizing microbial products could be considered a novel approach to sustain the present growth of the aquafeed sector due to dwindling availability and high cost of fishmeal. Various microbial products in terms of isolates, whole-cell biomass, and live organisms are mainly derived from algae, bacteria, fungi, and yeast through the process of fermentation. They have a balanced amino acid profile and

Temperature is among the critical determinants of the physiology of fishes and other heterotherms throughout the life history. Temperatures outside of the optimal range distress embryonic and larval development with untoward consequences later in life. To understand the effect of high temperature on embryogenesis and organogenesis, the commercially important rohu carp (Labeo rohita) was chosen. Rohu

The effects of different stocking densities (StDs) on growth and stress resistance rate (Rs) to air exposure (to evaluate the health condition of fish) of juvenile Colossoma macropomum in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) were investigated. A total of 1064 juveniles (0.35 ± 0.10 g) were stocked in 0.5 (D0.5), 1 (D1), 3 (D3), and 5 animals/L (D5) in four different RASs of four circular tanks

Macroalgae-based products are increasing in demand also in Europe. In the European Union, each category of macroalgae-based products is regulated separately. We discuss EU legislation, including the law on medicinal products, foods including food supplements and food additives, feed and feed additives, cosmetics, packaging materials, fertilizers and biostimulants, as well as biofuels. Product safety

Vibriosis is one of the common diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria from the genus Vibrio. To treat vibriosis, vaccination has been proven to be the most effective treatment as it can avoid the risk of drugs or antibiotics resistance. Microalgae are commonly used as feed for aquatic organisms and Nannochloropsis sp. is one of the highly utilized species for fish feed. This study focused on the

Growth of fed aquaculture is dependent on finding sustainable and inexpensive ingredients that would satisfy the nutritional requirements of fish. The present work assessed restaurant post-consumer food waste as an ingredient in feeds for small (ca 6.5 g) rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Food waste from Lebanese-food restaurants was used to prepare seven iso-nitrogenous feeds (ca 42.5% protein,

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of propolis on the growth, body composition, and serum biochemistry of juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata). Propolis was added to a commercial sea bream feed (45.51% protein, 17.12 lipid %) at (control) 0 (P0), 1.25 (P1.25), 2.5 (P2.5), 5 (P5), 10 (P10), and 20 (P20) g kg−1. The trial used three replicates of 50 fish (ca 12 g initial weight) in 400-L

Aquaponics (AP) is an integrated multi-trophic system that combines elements of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and hydroponics (HP). In AP systems, waste streams from the RAS, rich in nutrients, are reused to grow plants hydroponically. Fish sludge (the solid fraction of the waste stream) contains a major part of these nutrients (i.e. the macro and microelements and especially P) and these

Chitin is the most important natural polysaccharide after cellulose; however, it is not widely used for industrial application because of its insolubility in many solvents. The present study utilizes Indian major carps (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, and Cirrhinus mrigala) scale to extract chitin and prepare chitosan by a sequence of chemical processes involving demineralization, deproteinization, and

Accuracy is crucial for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic laboratories. We noticed inconsistent PCR results or false negatives that sometimes occurred when changing commercial brand of Taq DNA polymerase enzyme. Here, we tested 6 primer sets specific for 3 important aquaculture viruses (scale drop disease virus (SDDV), tilapia lake virus (TiLV), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)) using

Ethiopia has a great potential for small scale aquaculture development. However, the overall fish production in the country is very low due to several constraints. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify major constraints affecting the development of small scale aquaculture production and forward possible intervention for further research, extension work and policy makers. For this purpose, questionnaire

Clarias gariepinus growth hormone (CgGH) transgenesis was previously used to develop a population of second-generation (G2) transgenic mutiara catfish (C. gariepinus). The third generation of these fish (1-month old fingerlings) had 2–3 times improvement in growth compared to non-transgenic fish in the commercial feed test for 6 weeks of rearing. We assessed the impact of CgGH transgene expression

Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is one of the most important Neotropical freshwater fish species produced by aquaculture in South America. This study is the first attempt to inquire about aquaculture stocks in Argentina regarding genetic diversity and structure. Neither genetic characterization nor pedigree records are available for pacu stocks in farms in Argentina. The presence of hybrids in both

This study aimed to evaluate the immune response in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in optimum salinity for a vaccination with hyperosmotic infiltration in controlling streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. A total of 100 fish weighing 4.26 ± 1.37 g were immersed in water with a salinity of 0, 10, 20, and 30 g L−1 for 5 min, and then immersed in 109 cfu L−1 S. agalactiae vaccine for 30 min

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) uses light-specific wavelengths and nontoxic photosensitisers to eradicate target microbial cells. Bivalve hatchery systems are challenged with bacterial contamination of microalgae feed, which can be detrimental to all production life stages. The objectives of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial potential of blue LED and red laser aPDTs in a marine

This study aimed to compare the growth performance, food consumption, and acoustic feeding behavior of two size classes of Litopenaeus vannamei fed on extruded and pelleted diets. Two similar diets (35% crude protein) prepared by extrusion or pelletizing methods were offered to two shrimp size classes: small (3.83 ± 0.16 g) and large (10.28 ± 0.37 g). Shrimp were reared in 100-L aquaria (salinity 6 ppt

The biofloc system is one of the novel sustainable aquaculture systems, and adding carbonaceous organic matter is the basis of the system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different carbon sources on water quality, biofloc composition, and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). In this study, one control group (no carbon source addition) and four biofloc treatments with

Biolog EcoPlates are useful tools to study the metabolic function of microbial community in water bodies; however, the influence of aquaculture water, which contains complex chemical compositions, on color development in Biolog EcoPlates, has not been clearly illustrated. Previously, we detected a delayed color development in original water samples, comparing to that in the tenfold diluted samples

Although the thin-blade strain (HR-5) of Pyropia haitanensis could be cultivated in the south coast of China, the effect of low-salt tolerance on it is not clear. In this study, the conchospores and blades of the wild cultivated strain (WT-10) of P. haitanensis and HR-5 strain were cultured in media with salinity of 26‰, 10‰, and 3‰, respectively. The results illustrated that: After being cultured

Bacillus species are Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria having a vital role in the sustainable aquaculture production. Bacillus as gut probiotic significantly enhances growth, immune response, and disease resistance in several aquatic cultured organisms. The supplementation of Bacillus as pond probiotics or bioremediator aids to improve water quality by degrading the organic detritus and reducing

In this study, samples of farmed thin-lipped mullets, Mugil capito from Lake Manzala and wild-caught grey mullet Mugil cephalus from Alexandria were found to be infected with heterophyid encysted metacercariae (EMC), and the overall prevalence rates were 80 and 100%, respectively. The number of metacercarial infection in tail tissue was significantly higher than that recovered from trunk and head among

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an emerging shrimp (Penaeus monodon) disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) since 2013 in Bangladesh. The aim of this work was to evaluate a PCR and RT-PCR techniques as rapid methods for detecting V. parahaemolyticus AHPND-positive P. monodon using genetic markers. Healthy and diseased shrimp (P. monodon) samples were collected from three

The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a globally important aquaculture fish species, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. However, aquaculture in many African countries including Ethiopia is not well developed. One of the main challenges for the development of aquaculture in Ethiopia is the lack of better performing Nile tilapia strain that can grow well in a wide range of production

The development of marine fish farming on the Algerian coast is facing a number of environmental and logistical constraints. In a multi-disciplinary approach, based on aquaculture activity planning and field validation, the aim of this study is to target suitable areas for the setting of floating cages for Sparus aurata breeding at the Bay of Souahlia, Algeria. Multi-criteria evaluation via GIS was

The sustainable development of agricultural systems where nutrients and water are recycled to a high degree is of enormous importance. Traditional aquaponics, where fish and plants are cultivated in one recirculating system, addresses these ecological challenges, but still struggles with its economical feasibility. Decoupled multi-loop aquaponics systems, in which the aquaculture and hydroponics subsystems

The aim of this study is to assess the toxicity of some heavy metals and parasitic infection in fishes as well as the immunological status of these fishes infected with different parasites. Between January 2018 and January 2019, 360 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) near four farms and in the Nile River in Giza were examined for external and internal parasites. In addition, samples were expressed

The present study was conducted to ascertain the effects of using farmed and wild Clarias gariepinus (CG) pituitary hormones on the fecundity, percentage hatchability, and survival rates after induced propagation, explicitly indicating the induction with high-quality seeds. Twelve gravid female and twelve matured male CG from farmed and wild sources (weight range of 711–841 g) were used for the study

Phytoterapy has been used in aquaculture for disease control, especially the Terminalia catappa that demonstrated excellent antimicrobial potential. The aquaculture commonly uses the extract obtained at room temperature, but the hot aqueous extract (HAE) and its effects on the fish are still unknown. This study aimed to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) of HAE from Terminalia catappa in juvenile

Hematological parameters of fish are useful for diagnosing pathophysiological conditions associated with metabolic perturbations in fish and therefore act as a non-specific biomarker of acute and chronic stress in the natural habitat and in aquaculture. Salmonid fish are of great importance in aquaculture; however, hematological studies of these species are scarce. This study presents the first set

A unique strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (designated as VPAHPND) causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), a deadly bacterial disease associated with mass mortality in cultured shrimps since 2009. AHPND is responsible for severe economic losses worldwide, causing multimillion-dollar loss annually. Because of the rapid and high mortality rates in shrimps, substantial research has been

Growth-related traits are economically important in aquaculture, and their variation is linked to quantitative loci (QTLs). For exploring genetic basis of genetic breeding and improvement of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), QTL mapping for growth-related traits was performed with an F2 family of grass carp from the Yangtze River system, including 360 offspring. In this study, we mapped QTLs for

Poly (I:C) is a viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and a synthetic dsRNA analogue, which orchestrates antiviral responses through well conserved toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-1) like receptors (RLRs) and class A scavenger receptors (SR-As). This study investigated the effect of poly (I:C) in vivo on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) haematology

Food autonomy represents an essential challenge for the future Moon Village planned by the European Space Agency. Rearing fish on the moon to provide essential amino acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin B12 could become a reality using integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). The Lunar Hatch programme’s goal is to fertilize farmed fish eggs on Earth that would hatch upon arrival

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of the technology we have named for the first time as FLOCponics (biofloc + hydroponic) (FP) and conventional aquaponics (AP) systems in producing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles and lettuce (Lactuca sativa). The experiment was carried out for 46 days and consisted of two cycles of lettuce production (23 days each) and one cycle of

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be multidrug-resistant organisms so its infection is challenging. This study aimed to use the sponge-like reduced protocol in preparation of P. aeruginosa ghosts (PAGs) as a vaccine alternative and evaluate its competency in stimulating the immune response in Nile tilapia. Characterization of PAGs was done using the light, fluorescent and transmission electron microscope

The large-scale farming of Nannochloropsis spp. has long been subject to high temperature. Though salicylic acid is widely used to enhance the high temperature resistance of higher plants, related research in microalgae is still in its infancy. In this study, Nannochloropsis oceanica cells at 25 °C were transferred to high temperature (35 °C) for 96 h, during which period salicylic acid with various

Globally, with the expansion of aquaculture, the demand for functional feeds is continuously increasing, and effort is in progress to improve the efficiency of the feed additives. Herein, nano-scale chitosan (CNP) with an average size < 35 nm was prepared by using an ionotropic gelation method, and a completely randomized feeding experiment in three replicates under mimic aquaculture conditions was

Shellfish production forms a large proportion of marine aquaculture production in Northern Ireland (NI). Diseases represent a serious threat to the maintenance and growth of shellfish cultivation with severe consequences to production output and profitability. In Northern Ireland, production generally benefits from a good health status with the absence of notifiable diseases, except for localised cases

In this study, three farmed Gilthead seabream exhibited tumor-like mass above the left pectoral fin. The mass measured 9 mm in length, 8 mm in width. Morphometrically, the mass was fleshy, raised, circumscribed, and rosy colored with grayish-white center. The affected fish showed poor growth with 280 g average body weight after 30 months rearing period. Internally, moribund fish exhibited pale kidney/liver

The administration of phage therapy for aquaculture disease has been anticipated by the researchers over a decade as an effective and an alternative control mechanism, though the application of phages as a disease control agent in aquaculture projects various beneficial aspects, critical limitations, and negative influence on production. This present scenario made a pressure to review the possible

The influence of oil-in-water nanoemulsion using commercial olive oil at different concentrations on the fatty acid profile of rainbow trout fillets stored at 4 ± 2 °C was evaluated. At the end of the storage period, the highest content of the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) was found in the control samples (18.1%) while the lowest content was observed in olive oil samples (17.27, 17.59 and 17.48%)

Breeding of ornamental marine fishes was initiated in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to protect reef ecosystems from destructive fishing and to supplement income of local communities. However, stress associated with captive breeding conditions could enhance vulnerability of fish to disease. Wild- and captive-bred clownfish Amphiprion percula showed clinical signs such as white spots and warts

Across many Pacific Island Countries, food insecurity and malnutrition are on the rise. In response, governments, development agencies, and non-governmental organisations are promoting small-scale aquaculture as a complement to fish supplied through coastal fisheries. While small-scale aquaculture has been widely adopted in parts of Asia and Africa, its adoption in rural Pacific Island communities

To investigate the effects of tributyrin supplementation in soybean oil (SO)-based diet, three equal-protein (50%) and equal-lipid (12%) experimental diets were formulated: the fish oil (FO) diet, the SO diet, and the tributyrin (TB) diet with 0.20% tributyrin supplemented in the SO-based diet. Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate tanks with 20 fish (initial weight, 9.00 ± 0.02 g) per tank (300 L)

The practice and development of the culture of commercially important penaeid shrimp results in the occurrence of infectious and non-infectious diseases worldwide. Most of the diseases are caused by the opportunistic microorganisms which are part of the microflora and fauna of the penaeid shrimp. Once the pathogens get a favourable condition, it will cause diseases to the host organisms. Most of the

A 60-day experiment was carried out to optimize the mica dosage for the best growth of the plant (holy basil) and fish (Nile tilapia) in aquaponics. Mica is a potassium-bearing phyllosilicate mineral rock used as a fertilizer in agriculture. Four mica dose treatments of C (0 g l−1), T1 (2 g l−1), T2 (4 g l−1), and T3 (6 g l−1) were taken with equal bacterial (Bacillus megaterium) dosages of 5 × 108 CFU ml−1

Tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) molecules are important inflammatory cytokines, which are involved in diverse immunological functions such as B-cell regulation and B-cell-mediated immune responses. Existence of numerous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) members in the evolutionary lower vertebrate species has been reported; however, their immune functions are yet to be explored. Therefore, the

Nutraceuticals have been evaluated for their ability to protect and heal the gastrointestinal mucosa, especially in adverse conditions. Thus, the present study evaluated the effect of a nutraceutical diet composed of bovine first milk secretion in the intestinal health of juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus subjected to high stocking density. Juveniles (140 ± 10 g) distributed into 16 cages and stocked

The carp edema virus (CEV) is a pox virus that infects common carp and koi. Its infection causes koi sleepy disease (KSD) that is one of the most important common carp diseases with considerable risk to the productivity of common carp and koi all over the world. In 1970s, KSD was first time reported in Japan but recent increase in worldwide trade of the common carp is causing the spread of virus to

Under intensive and high-density aquaculture conditions, the cultured eels are easily infected by a variety of virulent Aeromonas species, which leads to high mortality rates and economic losses. In this study, a visual closed-tube loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for targeting aerolysin gene of Aeromonas species affecting cultured eels. Firstly, two pairs of outer

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to explore the effect of dietary lipid concentrations on growth, body composition, morphology of liver, and mid-intestine and antioxidant status in marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata). Fish (initial average weight 6.86 ± 0.11 g) were held in 18 tanks (inside diameter 80 cm, height 60 cm, volume 300 L, 25 fish/tank), with triplicate treatment groups being fed to apparent

Viral disease outbreaks are the major concern in aquaculture sector, affecting the development of crustacean aquaculture. Since the emergence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp farms, this caused huge economic loss and societal impact in aquaculture industry. Several strategies include controlled environmental conditions; vaccines and immunostimulants were proposed for disease management

Immunoprophylactic alternatives are needed to fight against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). This study addressed the effects of different routes of Bacillus administration (via diet or culture water) on growth performance, survival, and immune parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus-AHPND. Bacillus mixture and Bacillus licheniformis BCR 4-3 were added

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on the productive, intestinal histomorphometry, haemato-immunological aspects, as well as evaluated the resistance of juvenile Pseudoplatystoma sp. after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Inclusion levels of the commercial probiotic were set at 0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4% of CALSPORIN®

In spite of various advantages of biofloc technology in aquaculture, few studies have focused on the health status of fish in biofloc system. In this survey, the effect of cane molasses as a carbon source of biofloc system on hemato-immunological parameters, antioxidant status, and stress indicators of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated. Four hundred and twenty juvenile common carp (40

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) or fortilin is a highly conserved protein among eukaryotes and has important biological roles including anti-apoptotic activity which involves the elimination of virus-infected cells. In this study, the full-length cDNA of Macrobrachium rosenbergii TCTP (MrTCTP) was isolated. The cDNA sequence consisted of 783 bp with a 507-bp open reading frame encoding

Mud crab fattening was introduced in Bangladesh as an adaptation strategy to cope with salinity intrusion in coastal areas, but there is a dearth of studies related to the extent of adoption and farm-level impacts of improved mud crab fattening practices. The present study identifies the determinants of adoption of improved practices and assesses their impact on the productivity and wellbeing of farmers

Aquaculture is a rapidly increasing industry, and managers in China are searching sustainable development in the context of much more intensive culture. Our study area focused on an embayment that exposed to suspended culture of oysters. Impact of oyster expansion was evaluated in the context of ecosystem which do not limits to the phytoplankton−oyster relationship but other interspecific relations