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Dermatitis, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus nidulans in a horse with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Laura H. Waitt Wolker, Annalise Black, Jung Keun Lee
Clinical and histologic examination of a 12-y-old client-owned Quarter Horse gelding with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction revealed dermatitis, cellulitis, and osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus nidulans, confirmed by a PCR assay. This novel presentation of a fungal disease in a horse was characterized by aggressive local invasion and failure to respond to all medical therapy attempted over a
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Gingival squamous cell carcinoma in 2 lions under managed care J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Hisadora A. S. C. Bom, Telma S. Lima, Silvio M. C. Fonseca, Givaldo B. Silva Filho, Nathalia S. Wicpolt, Jeann L. Araújo, Dênisson S. Souza, Márcio A. Silva, Brian G. Murphy, Javier Asin, Francisco A. Uzal, Fábio S. Mendonça, Eileen E. Henderson
Neoplasia is one of the main causes of euthanasia in geriatric captive nondomestic felids. However, few studies have examined oral tumors in these animals. We describe here the clinicopathologic features of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 2 lions ( Panthera leo) from separate zoologic collections. In both cases, the lions had a history of sialorrhea, bloody oral discharge, and anorexia. Autopsy
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Botulism in fish: a review J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Francisco A. Uzal, Eileen Henderson, Javier Asin
Published information about fish botulism is scant. We review here the current literature on fish botulism. Freshwater fish are susceptible to botulism. Only anecdotal evidence exists about possible botulism cases in saltwater fish. With only a few exceptions, the etiology of all cases of fish botulism reported is Clostridium botulinum type E, although fish are sensitive to, and may carry, various
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Facial and systemic mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia corymbifera in a goat: case report and literature review of fungal infections in goats J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Varvara Semenova, Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann, Rebecca M. Wolking, Eunju April Choi
An 8-y-old Pygora doe was presented to the University of California–Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital because of non-healing facial swelling of 2-wk duration. The lesion grew despite medical treatment, causing discomfort masticating, little-to-no airflow from the right nasal passage, and led to euthanasia. On gross examination, a large facial mass with a draining tract through the skin and
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Laboratory tools for the direct detection of bacterial respiratory infections and antimicrobial resistance: a scoping review J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Olufunto O. Adewusi, Cheryl L. Waldner, Patrick C. Hanington, Janet E. Hill, Claire N. Freeman, Simon J. G. Otto
Rapid laboratory tests are urgently required to inform antimicrobial use in food animals. Our objective was to synthesize knowledge on the direct application of long-read metagenomic sequencing to respiratory samples to detect bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) compared to PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and recombinase polymerase amplification. Our scoping review
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Specificity and sensitivity of an indirect fluorescent antibody test to detect antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-02 Naoya Karakida, Momoko Murakami, Yohei Takeda, Haruko Ogawa, Kunitoshi Imai
Since being reported in 1979 and 2006, indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests have not been reported to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antibodies to our knowledge. Thus, we re-evaluated the efficacy and usefulness of IFA tests for BVDV serology. We tested 4 combinations of 2 antibody conjugates (fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]-conjugated rabbit IgG anti-bovine IgG; rabbit IgG F(ab')2
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Development and validation of a chemiluminescent western blot assay for glanders (Burkholderia mallei) serodetection J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Juanita F. Grause, Mandy C. Elschner, Nicholas A. Ledesma, Gleeson Murphy
Glanders, caused by Burkholderia mallei, is a zoonotic disease of equids. Serologic testing for glanders is required by disease-free countries before international movement of equids. The World Organisation for Animal Health Terrestrial Manual recommends the complement fixation test (CFT) for clearance of individual animals for movement, but the CFT is prone to false-positive results. A colorimetric
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Evaluation of species-specific polyclonal antibodies to detect and differentiate between Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Tanja Lepore, Alastair I. Macrae, Germán J. Cantón, Carlo Cantile, Henny M. Martineau, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, Stephen Cahalan, Clare Underwood, Frank Katzer, Francesca Chianini
Neosporosis and toxoplasmosis are major causes of abortion in livestock worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses. Detection tools are fundamental to the diagnosis and management of those diseases. Current immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests, using sera raised against whole parasite lysates, have not been able to distinguish between Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. We used T. gondii and
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Two bovine hepacivirus genome sequences from U.S. cattle J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Aspen M. Workman, Gregory P. Harhay, John T. Groves, Brian L. Vander Ley
Bovine hepacivirus (BoHV) is closely related to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in humans and can cause both acute and chronic liver infections in cattle. BoHV was first identified in Ghana and Germany in 2015 and since then it has been detected and characterized in other countries around the world, but no strains have been sequenced from U.S. cattle. To date, BoHV has been classified into 2 genotypes
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Retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens from pet rabbits in Hong Kong, 2019–2022 J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Chen Xin, Fraser Hill, Ibrahim Elsohaby
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing threat to human and animal health. Data are limited on the prevalence of resistant bacteria in pet rabbits. Therefore, we aimed to identify prevalent bacterial infections and AMR profiles among pet rabbits in Hong Kong (HK). Our search of the CityU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (VDL) database found 301 cases of pet rabbits submitted for bacteriologic and
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Orofacial masses in domestic rabbits: a retrospective review of 120 cases from 2 institutions, 2000–2023 J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Emily Rätsep, Latasha Ludwig, Melanie Dobromylskyj
Orofacial masses or swellings are a common presenting complaint in lagomorphs. Similar gross appearances of the masses can complicate clinical interpretation, and histologic review often provides the final diagnosis. Underlying causes vary from infectious to neoplastic. Although inflammatory changes are most commonly reported, various neoplasms occur, although the prevalence of specific tumor types
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Parasitism and branchitis in various fish species from 4 Cook County, Illinois inland freshwater lakes, 5-year survey, 2017–2021 J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Jennifer A. Landolfi, Michael J. Kinsel, Gretchen Anchor, Michael Feldmann, Chris Anchor
We investigated disease trends of concern for fish or public health in a 5-y (2017–2021) prospective survey of fish in Cook County, IL, inland lakes. Lesions were assessed in relation to fish species, lake type and location, season and collection year, and lake water chemistry parameters. Fish included bullheads ( n = 98), common carp ( n = 99), bluegill ( n = 114), and largemouth bass ( n = 118).
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Point-of-care and traditional erythrocyte sedimentation rate, point-of-care rheometry, and cell-free DNA concentration in dogs with or without systemic inflammation J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Rachel C. Clarkin-Breslin, Benjamin M. Brainard
RBC aggregation and deformability characteristics are altered by inflammatory, microcirculatory, and hemorheologic disease. These changes can be indirectly evaluated using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Newer point-of-care devices employ syllectometry to evaluate RBC rheology, which can give information beyond the ESR. We evaluated 2 point-of-care rheometers (iSED and MIZAR; Alcor Scientific)
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Development and analytical characteristics of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for detection of spheniscid alphaherpesvirus 1 in penguins J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Maris J. Daleo, Laura A. Adamovicz, Matthew C. Allender
Herpesviruses are associated with disease in many penguin species. Herpesvirus-associated lesions can cause significant morbidity and mortality in penguins and have been identified in African penguins ( Spheniscus demersus), Humboldt penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti), and a little blue penguin ( Eudyptula minor) infected with spheniscid alphaherpesvirus 1 (SpAHV1). Further investigation is necessary
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Outbreaks of bovine mastitis caused by specific Mycoplasma bovis strains recurring at multi-year intervals J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Kenta Suzuki, Fumihiro Kaneko, Aya Matsushita, Eiji Hata
Mycoplasma bovis is a major cause of bovine mastitis. Intermittent shedding of the organism for many months is a feature of cows with intramammary infection. A dairy farm in Japan experienced a mastitis outbreak caused by M. bovis in 2016, as well as 2 additional outbreaks and 1 case in 2020–2021. The causative strains in the 3 outbreaks shared a common and identical genetic feature, the insertion
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Canine distemper virus infection of vaccinal origin in a 14-week-old puppy J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Emily Rätsep, Davor Ojkic
The body of a 14-wk-old puppy ( Canis familiaris) was submitted to the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Ontario for postmortem examination following a history of intermittent anorexia and lethargy progressing to pyrexia, pruritic skin rash, mucoid nasal discharge, decreased mentation, dysphagia, muscle twitches, and focal seizures. Gross examination revealed rhinitis and pulmonary edema
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Hepatic and renal lesions in sheep intoxicated with Urochloa hybrid Mulato II in Argentina J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Raúl E. Marin, Eduardo J. Gimeno, Franklin Riet-Correa, Francisco A. Uzal
A flock of 48 sheep in Argentina grazing on a pasture of hybrid Urochloa (formerly Brachiaria) Mulato II ( Urochloa ruziziensis × Urochloa decumbens × Urochloa brizantha) developed facial dermatitis, severe jaundice, and weakness after brief physical activity. Blood biochemistry of 3 animals revealed azotemia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity, and increased direct, indirect, and total bilirubin
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Comparative evaluation of assay performance for SARS-CoV-2 detection in animal oral samples, lung homogenates, and phosphate-buffered saline using the TaqPath COVID-19 Combo kit J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Megan R. Miller, Andriy Tkachenko, Jake Guag, Stacey Alexander, Brett T. Webb, Brianna L. S. Stenger
A One Health approach has been key to monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic, as human and veterinary medical professionals jointly met the demands for an extraordinary testing effort for SARS-CoV-2. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories continue to monitor SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals, furthering the understanding of zoonotic transmission dynamics between humans and animals. A RT-PCR assay is a primary
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Cestodiasis in 2 Puerto Rican crested anoles J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Timothy K. Wu, Stacy Kaneko, Araceli Lucio-Forster, Sean Spagnoli, Latoya Schultz-Powell, Janice Liotta, Dwight Bowman
Two adult male Puerto Rican crested anoles ( Anolis cristatellus cristatellus) housed in a research facility were presented with debilitation and were euthanized. On autopsy, anole 1 had a large cystic white structure in the left pelvic limb, which protruded through the ruptured epidermis, and a large, poorly demarcated swelling in the right caudal abdomen. Anole 2 had masses in the mid-dorsum, caudal
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Septicemic salmonellosis in suckling piglets resulting from improper intramuscular administration of an oral vaccine J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Jean C. O. Menegatt, Bruno A. Almeida, Fernanda F. Perosa, Lucas T. Castro, Anderson H. Gris, Manoela M. Piva, Emanoelly M. S. Silva, Saulo P. Pavarini, David Driemeier
We describe an unusual outbreak of mortality in suckling piglets following the misadministration of an oral vaccine against Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis. Within 3–48 h of vaccination of a batch of ~700 piglets, ~300 developed marked swelling in the dorsal neck region, respiratory distress, fever, recumbency, and apathy. In total, ~100 died, and 4 were submitted for autopsy. Gross
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Betanodavirus meningoencephalitis in an Atlantic blue marlin J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Kirstin A. Cook, John P. Hawke, David B. Groman, Tobia Pretto, Anna Toffan, Larry A. Hanson, D. Nguyen, Lorelei Ford, Wes A. Baumgartner
Viral nervous necrosis (viral encephalopathy and retinopathy) is caused by piscine nodavirus ( Nodaviridae, Betanodavirus). Since 1986, this highly infectious virus has caused mass mortalities of up to 100% in farmed saltwater and freshwater fish around the world (with the exception of South America and Antarctica), affecting >60 species across 10 orders. The Atlantic blue marlin ( Makaira nigricans
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Scoliosis and kyphosis in blue-spotted and marbled flathead fish associated with a Myxobolus acanthogobii–like parasite J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Angel L. Ngo, Jeffrey Go, Zoe B. Spiers, Cheryl Jenkins
Spinal deformities in finfish have the potential to impact aquaculture industries and wild populations by increasing morbidity, mortality, and reducing growth rates. Myxobolus acanthogobii has been implicated in causing scoliosis and lordosis in various aquatic species in Japan. We investigated 4 cases of spinal deformity in 2 flathead ( Platycephalus) species that were submitted to the Elizabeth Macarthur
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Clinicopathologic evaluation of congenital idiopathic megaesophagus in a Gordon Setter puppy: a case report and development and application of peripherin immunohistochemistry for detection of ganglion cells J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Cecilie B. Becker, Henrik E. Jensen
We examined a case of congenital idiopathic megaesophagus (CIM) in a 5-wk-old female Gordon Setter puppy by means of contrast radiography, autopsy, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Clinical and radiologic findings included weight stagnation and marked generalized esophageal dilation with ventral displacement of the heart and lungs. These findings were confirmed at autopsy, and segments of
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Segmental aplasia of the paramesonephric duct in a New Zealand white rabbit and a review of the literature J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Benjamin P. Davies, Sara Hassouna Elsayed, Katherine Hughes
In females, the paramesonephric (syn: Müllerian) duct gives rise to the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina. Segmental uterine aplasia resulting from a paramesonephric duct abnormality has been reported in a range of species including bovids, canids, felids, equids, camelids, and lagomorphs. Here we document segmental aplasia of the left paramesonephric duct in a New Zealand white
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Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of primary and secondary central nervous system neoplasms of dogs and cats J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Daniel R. Rissi, Andrew D. Miller, Elena A. Demeter, Molly E. Church, Jennifer W. Koehler
The diagnosis of primary and secondary CNS neoplasms of dogs and cats relies on histologic examination of autopsy or biopsy samples. In addition, many neoplasms must be further characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a more refined diagnosis in specific cases. Given the many investigations assessing the diagnostic and prognostic IHC profile of CNS neoplasms in the veterinary literature, it
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Optic nerve meningioma and cloacal adenocarcinoma in a Humboldt penguin J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Shotaro Nakagun, Ryan P. Taylor, Emma L. Houck, Rebecca M. Eddy, Mason C. Jager
A 26-y-old, male, captive Humboldt penguin ( Spheniscus humboldti) was euthanized following a 3.5-mo history of weakened elimination mechanics, recurrent tenesmus, intermittent hemorrhagic droppings, and a cloacal mass. Blepharospasm, of unknown cause, of the right eye was present for ~3 mo before euthanasia. Autopsy revealed a cloacal adenocarcinoma with localized coelomic carcinomatosis and distant
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Malignant catarrhal fever in a goat: manifestation of virus-induced erythema multiforme J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Grace Makanaka Makoni, Christian Gerspach, Nina Fischer, Giuliana Rosato, Rosalie Fabian, Paula Grest, Anja Kipar
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV2; Orthoherpesviridae, Macavirus ovinegamma2), has sheep as natural hosts. OvHV2 is an important macavirus globally that induces fatal disease in dead-end hosts. Goats, which can be infected subclinically with OvHV2, rarely develop MCF. A 28-wk-old female goat was presented with fever and multifocal crusty skin lesions. Histologic
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Effects of autolysis and prolonged formalin fixation on histomorphology and immunohistochemistry of normal canine brain tissue: an experimental study J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Jennifer W. Koehler, Andrew D. Miller, Daniel R. Rissi
CNS tumor diagnosis in dogs often relies on immunohistochemistry (IHC) given similar histologic features among tumors. Most CNS tissue samples encountered by diagnostic pathologists are collected during autopsy, and postmortem specimens can be susceptible to autolysis and prolonged formalin fixation, both of which have the potential to influence IHC results and interpretation. Here we evaluated the
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Rapid differentiation of infectious salmon anemia virus avirulent (HPR0) from virulent (HPRΔ) variants using multiplex RT-qPCR J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Thomas F. Rounsville, Mark P. Polinski, Alyssa G. Marini, Sarah M. Turner, Niccolò Vendramin, Argelia Cuenca, Michael R. Pietrak, Brian C. Peterson, Deborah A. Bouchard
Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV; Isavirus salaris) causes an economically important disease of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.). ISA outbreaks have resulted in significant losses of farmed salmon globally, often with a sudden onset. However, 2 phenotypically distinct variants of ISAV exist, each with divergent disease outcomes, associated regulations, and control measures. ISAV-HPRΔ, also known
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Evaluation of post-transfusion RBC alloimmunization in dogs using a gel-column crossmatch with and without anti-canine globulin enhancement J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Alison Thomas-Hollands, Rebecka S. Hess, Nicole M. Weinstein, Samantha Fromm, Nicole A. Chappini, Kimberly Marryott, Mary Beth Callan
A blood crossmatch is essential to ensure RBC compatibility for previously transfused dogs. There is no gold standard crossmatch method for dogs, although the standards used most commonly by academic institutions and reference laboratories are the tube and gel-column crossmatches. Addition of anti-canine globulin (ACG) has been suggested to increase detection of RBC incompatibilities. Our objective
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Coinfection by Mycobacterium marinum and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum in a captive adult diamondback water snake causing disseminated mycobacteriosis with acute cutaneous ulceration J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Daniel Felipe Barrantes Murillo, Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe, Emi Sasaki, Gordon J. Pirie, Nobuko Wakamatsu
An adult male captive diamondback water snake ( Nerodia rhombifer) was found dead after a 1-d history of lethargy and cutaneous ulcers. The snake had eaten 2 sunfish ( Mola spp.) 5 d before death. Gross examination revealed white-to-tan nodules in the lung and liver and segmental intestinal impactions with digested fish. Histopathology confirmed disseminated granulomas with numerous intrahistiocytic
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Thyroid neoplasia associated with nutritional deficiency in cultured jade perch in Hong Kong J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Stephen C. H. Chan, Zwok Zu Lim, Aaron C. F. Leung, Tzu Hsuan Cheng, Ka Po F. Cheng, Sophie St-Hilaire, Andrew M. D. Ferguson
Non-neoplastic thyroid hyperplasia is common in terrestrial animals, secondary to nutritional imbalances or other goitrogenic compounds. Thyroid hyperplasia is relatively common in teleost fish; however, malignant thyroid neoplasia is rarely reported. We diagnosed cases of thyroid neoplasia in a population of jade perch ( Scortum barcoo). The 3,000 affected fish had grossly apparent, bilateral pharyngeal
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Pollen beetle (Astylus atromaculatus)-associated gastroenteric disease in cattle: report of 6 natural outbreaks. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Juan A García,Juan M Livio,Carolina Matto,Fernando Dutra,Valeria Scioli,Federico Giannitti,James Langston,Robert H Poppenga,Germán J Cantón,Francisco A Uzal
Astylus atromaculatus is a pollen beetle native to South America, commonly found in crop flowers. Experimental intoxication of sheep and guinea pigs by this beetle resulting in fibrinonecrotizing enteritis has been reported. We describe here 6 natural outbreaks of intoxication in cattle associated with consumption of alfalfa (5 of 6) and mixed native (1 of 6) pastures heavily contaminated with A. atromaculatus
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Targeted next-generation sequencing assay to detect 3 Moraxella spp. directly from bovine ocular swabs. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Rebecca P Wilkes,Jobin J Kattoor,Hsin-Yi Weng,Eman Anis
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is associated with 2 species of Moraxella: M. bovis and M. bovoculi. A third novel Moraxella spp., designated tentatively as M. oculi, has been identified from the eyes of cattle with and without pinkeye. These 3 Moraxella spp. can be found in various combinations within the same clinical sample, making speciation of this genus directly from a sample impossible
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Multicenter evaluation of the Vetscan Imagyst system using Ocus 40 and EasyScan One scanners to detect gastrointestinal parasites in feces of dogs and cats. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Yoko Nagamori,Ruth Scimeca,Ruth Hall-Sedlak,Byron Blagburn,Lindsay A Starkey,Dwight D Bowman,Araceli Lucio-Forster,Susan E Little,Travis Cree,Michael Loenser,Benjamin S Larson,Cory Penn,Austin Rhodes,Richard Goldstein
The Vetscan Imagyst system (Zoetis) is a novel, artificial intelligence-driven detection tool that can assist veterinarians in the identification of enteric parasites in dogs and cats. This system consists of a sample preparation device, an automated digital microscope scanner, and a deep-learning algorithm. The EasyScan One scanner (Motic) has had good diagnostic performance compared with manual examinations
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Severe bronchiectasis resulting from chronic bacterial bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in a jungle cat. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Danyue Kang,Mandy Womble,John M Cullen,Tara M Harrison,Christopher Premanandan,Megan E Schreeg
Bronchiectasis is irreversible bronchial dilation that can be congenital or acquired secondary to chronic airway obstruction. Feline bronchiectasis is rare and, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously in a non-domestic felid. An ~10-y-old female jungle cat (Felis chaus) was presented for evaluation of an abdominal mass and suspected pulmonary metastasis. The animal died during exploratory
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Canine urothelial carcinoma: a pilot study of microRNA detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples and in normal urine. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Mara S Varvil,Samuel L Clark,Taylor W Bailey,José A Ramos-Vara,Andrea Pires Dos Santos
We assessed the effects of fixation time in formalin and inclusion of surrounding tissue on microRNA (miRNA) cycle quantification (Cq) values in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) urothelial carcinoma (UC) tissue (n = 3), and the effect of conditions on miRNAs in urine from 1 healthy dog. MiRNAs were extracted using commercial kits and quantified using miRNA-specific fluorometry in normal bladder
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Ultimobranchial body cyst in an adult horse: clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Anderson F Souza,Maria E Volpato,Stefano C F Hagen,Celina S Takenaka,Paulo C Maiorka,Rodrigo A Ressio,Luis C L C Silva,Raquel Y A Baccarin
A 9-y-old Mangalarga Marchador gelding was referred to a veterinary hospital because of a swelling on the upper right side of the neck. Ultrasound examination revealed a multilocular structure adjacent to the thyroid gland with low echogenic content suggestive of fluid. The mass was removed surgically. Histologically, the cystic cavities in the surgical sample were filled with abundant eosinophilic
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An overview of the detection of bovine respiratory disease complex pathogens using immunohistochemistry: emerging trends and opportunities. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Gebremeskel Mamu Werid,Darren Miller,Farhid Hemmatzadeh,Yohannes E Messele,Kiro Petrovski
The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is caused by a variety of pathogens, as well as contributing environmental and host-related risk factors. BRDC is the costliest disease for feedlot cattle globally. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable tool for enhancing our understanding of BRDC given its specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness, and capacity to provide information on antigen localization
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Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia in the lungs of a wild Korean raccoon dog. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Warisraporn Tangchang,Su-Young Park,Eun-Hye Jung,Dong-Min Lee,Bit-Na Choi,Hyo-Jung Kwon,Hwa-Young Son
A male Korean raccoon dog of unknown age was rescued and placed at the Daejeon Wildlife Rescue Center, Korea. Physical examination revealed severe emaciation and dehydration, as well as thick crusts and alopecia over most of the body. During medical care, the animal died and was submitted for postmortem examination. Firm, brown-red lesions of various sizes were observed on the surface of the lungs
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of U.S. porcine Brachyspira isolates and genetic diversity of B. hyodysenteriae by multilocus sequence typing. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Maria Hakimi,Fangshu Ye,Chloe C Stinman,Orhan Sahin,Eric R Burrough
Swine dysentery, caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and the newly recognized Brachyspira hampsonii in grower-finisher pigs, is a substantial economic burden in many swine-rearing countries. Antimicrobial therapy is the only commercially available measure to control and prevent Brachyspira-related colitis. However, data on antimicrobial susceptibility trends and genetic diversity of Brachyspira species
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In situ hybridization to detect Escherichia coli in canine granulomatous colitis. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Carmen R Smith,Andrew D Miller
Canine granulomatous colitis (histiocytic ulcerative colitis) is an uncommon disease, predominantly of young French Bulldogs and Boxer dogs, that manifests from a dysregulated immune response, primarily to adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC). In conjunction with histopathology and periodic acid-Schiff staining, the diagnosis of granulomatous colitis currently relies on fluorescence in situ hybridization
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Epidemiologic investigation and genetic characterization of canine respiratory coronavirus in the Southeastern United States. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Eliana De Luca,Sonsiray Álvarez-Narváez,Rodrigo P Baptista,Grazieli Maboni,Uriel Blas-Machado,Susan Sanchez
Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) is one of the main causative agents of canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD), an illness whose epidemiology is poorly understood. We assessed the prevalence, risk factors, and genetic characterization of CRCoV in privately owned dogs in the Southeastern United States. We PCR-screened 189 nasal swabs from dogs with and without CIRD clinical signs for 9 CIRD-related
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Total thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone responses of healthy cats to different doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Petra Černá,Markos Antonakakis,Jade Peralta,Kristine Kofron,Jennifer Hawley,Arianne Morris,Michael R Lappin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation can be used as a test of thyroid function and pituitary thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) reserve, but optimal stimulation testing protocols in cats are unreported. We randomly divided 6 healthy young adult cats into 3 groups of 2 and administered 3 different intravenous doses of TRH (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg) at weekly intervals in our crossover
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Nocardia farcinica abortion in a goat. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Helena Vogel,Joshua B Daniels,Chad B Frank
A female goat fetus was received by the Colorado State University-Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory following an isolated abortion of twins by a reportedly healthy doe. Postmortem examination did not reveal any gross abnormalities. Histologic evaluation revealed pyogranulomatous and necrotizing bronchopneumonia with intracellular and extracellular gram-positive and non-acid-fast filamentous bacilli
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Granulomatous dermatitis caused by Exserohilum mcginnisii infection in a cow. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Marcia R S Ilha,Dustin Weaver,Erin A Graham
A 5-y-old, Piedmontese cow had a 4-mo history of ongoing development of skin masses. This was the only cow affected in a herd of 20 cows. Up to 12, hairless, red-to-black, raised nodules-to-plaques were distributed along the dorsum and tail head. Biopsies were taken for histopathology and ancillary testing. An ulcerated skin section contained dermal infiltrates of eosinophils, plasma cells, neutrophils
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Use of a chromogenic medium with and without selective enrichment to screen for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) from canine and feline fecal specimens during an outbreak of NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Stephen D Cole,Jaclyn Dietrich,Shelley C Rankin
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are one of the most urgent threats to human healthcare globally. Descriptions of CPE outbreaks in veterinary hospitals suggest the need for screening strategies for CPE from companion animals. Our aim was to optimize a chromogenic agar method with and without selective enrichment to isolate CPE from companion animal feces in an ongoing outbreak of New
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Normalizing real-time PCR results in routine testing. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Betsy Armenta-Leyva,Berenice Munguía-Ramírez,Ting-Yu Cheng,Fangshu Ye,Alexandra Henao-Díaz,Luis G Giménez-Lirola,Jeffrey Zimmerman
Normalization, the process of controlling for normal variation in sampling and testing, can be achieved in real-time PCR assays by converting sample quantification cycles (Cqs) to "efficiency standardized Cqs" (ECqs). We calculated ECqs as E-ΔCq, where E is amplification efficiency and ΔCq is the difference between sample and reference standard Cqs. To apply this approach to a commercial porcine reproductive
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A real-time PCR assay for the quantification of Mycoplasma equirhinis in tracheal wash samples from Thoroughbred horses. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Yuta Kinoshita,Hidekazu Niwa,Eri Uchida-Fujii,Takanori Ueno
Mycoplasma equirhinis is the predominant equine Mycoplasma sp. isolated from clinically normal horses and is suspected to be associated with inflammatory airway disease in which cough is the primary sign. Quantitative evaluation of bacterial counts is useful in assessing the association between the bacteria in samples and observed clinical signs, but this evaluation has been difficult with conventional
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spaB-positive Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a novel teleost pathogen isolated from cultured barramundi. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Ri K Chang,Eric K Pomaranski,Cem Giray,William Keleher,Matt J Griffin,Alvin C Camus,Kathy L Toohey-Kurth,Esteban Soto
Members of the genus Erysipelothrix are emergent pathogens of cultured eels, as well as several characid and cyprinid species. Since 2013, E. rhusiopathiae has been reported from diseased barramundi (Lates calcarifer) cultured in North America; we recovered 8 E. rhusiopathiae isolates from diseased fish during different outbreaks from the same farm. The E. rhusiopathiae isolates from barramundi were
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Uncommon bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1e associated with abortions in cattle in southern Brazil. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Lucas Marian,Jéssica A Withoeft,Maiara Esser,Stephane R Dal Molin,Deise Hamckmeier,Letícia F Baumbach,Cláudio W Canal,Renata A Casagrande
We characterized bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-related abortions in cattle and identified the species and subgenotypes in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Our RT-PCR assay was positive for BVDV in 5 fetuses from different farms; however, 3 of the 5 fetuses were also PCR-positive for Neospora caninum. In the 5 BVDV-positive fetuses, gross lesions included fetal mummification (1), hepatomegaly
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Comparison of 2 PCR assays on environmental samples cultured for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Juan Carlos Arango-Sabogal,Olivia Labrecque,Julie-Hélène Fairbrother,Sébastien Buczinski,Jean-Philippe Roy,Julie Arsenault,Vincent Wellemans,Gilles Fecteau
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causal agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic, contagious, and incurable enteric disease of ruminants. An in-house IS900 PCR assay validated for MAP detection in sheep has been shown to have a higher sensitivity than a commercial PCR and fecal culture. We have now compared the performance of this in-house IS900 PCR assay with a commercial ISMap02
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Characterization of CD3+/CD20+ canine large-cell lymphoma. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Cory M Howard,Steffanie Anderson,Bonnie Harrington
Immunophenotyping of canine large-cell lymphoma (LCL) for B-cell and T-cell surface antigens is commonly performed to better predict the clinical outcome. Expression of surface antigen CD3 is associated with T-cell malignancies; surface antigen CD20 is expressed on B cells. However, a small subset of canine LCLs expresses both CD3 and CD20 (CD3+/CD20+); this form of lymphoma remains poorly defined
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Label-free autofluorescence and hyperspectral imaging of cerebral amyloid-β lesions in aged squirrel monkeys. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Ryohei Oba,Naoki Ujike,Yuki Ono,Takayuki Okano,Tomoaki Murakami
The observation of amyloid-β (Aβ) lesions using autofluorescence in transgenic mice and human Alzheimer disease patients has been reported frequently. However, no reports verify the autofluorescence of spontaneous Aβ amyloidosis in animals, to our knowledge. We validated the autofluorescence of Aβ lesions in spontaneous squirrel monkey cases under label-free conditions; lesions had intense blue-white
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The role of the veterinary diagnostic toxicologist in apiary health. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Karyn Bischoff,Jennifer Moiseff
Susceptibility of individuals and groups to toxicants depends on complex interactions involving the host, environment, and other exposures. Apiary diagnostic investigation and honey bee health are truly population medicine: the colony is the patient. Here we provide basic information on the application of toxicology to the testing of domestic honey bees, and, in light of recent research, expand on
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Special section on honey bee health and disease. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano
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Apocrine carcinoma-and-malignant myoepithelioma in a dog: a case of simultaneous malignant progression of both luminal epithelium and myoepithelium. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-02 Kana Matsumoto,Takuya Evan Kishimoto,Masami Yamamoto,Masaki Michishita,Kimimasa Takahashi,Hisashi Yoshimura
A 9-y-old male Boxer dog developed a mandibular skin tumor, which histologically had a locally invasive growth pattern composed of bilayered structures of inner eosinophilic cuboidal tumor cells and outer clear polygonal tumor cells with cytoplasm containing glycogen granules. Both cell populations gradually changed from low-grade morphologic features to highly anaplastic ones. Immunohistochemically
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Pesticide contamination of beeswax from managed honey bee colonies in New York State. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Karyn Bischoff,Nicolas Baert,Scott McArt
The New York State (NYS) beekeeping industry generated >$11M worth of honey in 2020 and >$300M in pollination services to agriculture annually. Bees are frequently exposed to pesticides through foraging and husbandry practices. Lipophilic pesticides can remain in beeswax for extended periods. We analyzed for pesticides in wax comb samples collected from NYS apiaries at the end of the growing season
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Naturally occurring psittacid alphaherpesvirus 3 and probable adenovirus coinfection in an Indian ringneck parakeet in the United States. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Ji-Hang Yin,Seth Oster,Brittany McHale,Rachel Neto
Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 3 (PsAHV-3) is a rarely reported virus that has been associated with pneumonia in psittacine birds. A 5-mo-old Indian ringneck parakeet (syn. rose-ringed parakeet; Psittacula krameri) was euthanized after developing torticollis and lethargy. Postmortem examination of the parakeet revealed severe pneumonia with syncytial cells containing eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion