Buoyant turbulent plumes are often categorized by their geometry and described as either round plumes, issuing from a point source, or line/planar plumes, issuing from an elongated source. As line plumes rise above their source they get thicker (normal to the source axis) and, far from the source, they will no longer be planar but more resemble a round plume. However, the vast majority of experimental

In this article, we present a full three-dimensional numerical study of thin liquid films falling on a vertical surface, by solving the full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations with a hybrid front-tracking/level-set method for tracking the interface. General falling film flow applications span across many types of process industries but also occur in a multitude of natural and environmental applications

Meandering of river systems has been attributed to erosion and deposition of sediments along river banks, yet a universal cause of the instability has not been identified that can be applied to other meandering systems. Here, we address the conditions that lead to the meander instability, in effect “upstream” of the many previous and thorough analyses of hydraulics and morphological patterns that ensue

Mixing layers and associated large-scale turbulent structures are some of the most common features of turbulent shallow water flow. Due to their quasi-two-dimensional nature, large-scale structures are also referred to as two-dimensional coherent structures (2DCS). The presence of these structures instigates several complications in the flow, such as scouring of the bed material, affecting the maneuverability

In this study, eddy-resolving numerical techniques are used to investigate flow hydrodynamics and mixing at the asymmetric confluence between the Yangtze River and the Poyang Lake channel, one of the largest confluences in the world. The model was previously validated for small and medium-size river confluences. The study also investigates the effects of density contrast between the confluent flows

Abstract The action of wave dominated flow on river bank leads to retreatment of the bankline thereby causing intense erosion issues. The understanding of the bank erosion process mechanisms is of great importance in the context of protecting or controlling the progressive growth of bankline which imposes a direct threat on near bank fertile agricultural land and habitats. The present study emphasizes

The influence of bottom roughness on the development of lock-release gravity currents is investigated through laboratory experiments using Particle Image Velocimetry. The bottom roughness is represented by arrays of vertical LEGO bricks with a constant spacing while varying \(\lambda \), the relative height of the roughness elements to the gravity current depth. Depending on \(\lambda \), the roughness

This study applies the models describing the effect of a neutrally stratified high-Reynolds-number boundary layer on peak wind estimation. A neutrally stratified atmosphere was simulated by ideal large-eddy simulations. The peak factor (PF) model successfully predicted the dependence of the PF on the duration and the evaluation time based on a spectral model containing \(k^{-1}\) slopes at low frequencies

The shoaling of an internal solitary wave (ISW) of depression is explored in three-dimensions (3D) through high-accuracy, fully nonlinear, and nonhydrostatic simulations. Time-averaged background stratification and current profiles from field observations, along with measured bathymetry data from the South China Sea (SCS), are used. The computational approach is based on a high-resolution and high-accuracy

Aquatic vegetation is ubiquitous in lowland rivers, and it is typically present in the shape of spatial self-organized patches of biomass. In this work, we mathematically define the threshold conditions for the incipient formation of self-organized vegetated patterns in the shape of central or multiple row patches. The analysis is carried out through a linear stability analysis whereby the 2D eco-hydrodynamic

Abstract Shrubby and woody vegetation growing on floodplains profoundly influences hydrodynamic and transport processes in riverine systems. Existing hydrodynamic research is mostly focused on conditions with aquatic plants and rigid model vegetation. To appreciate the different hydrodynamic impacts of submerged floodplain and riverbank vegetation, a novel flume investigation was carried out. We simulated

Abstract New scaling laws for the evolution of strong convective buoyant thermals are presented. These strong thermals can be formed by rapid energy release in the environment (e.g., explosion, volcano eruption). The new scaling laws are the power-law relations between the elevation and radius of the thermal and the time since its release. It is shown that the exponents of these power-laws are determined

For centuries, the interaction between the transport and hydrographic networks represents a significant issue in a country such as France. For example, the French railway network includes 1700 river-crossing structures and an important length of embankments either forming river banks or adjacent to watercourses exposed to scouring processes. Recently, various cases highlight the importance and vulnerability

Beach water quality forecast models can be useful tools for public health protection. Despite two decades of research, there has been hitherto no comparative field validation of statistical vs mechanistic model forecasts against operational data for marine beaches. This paper reports a novel performance assessment of a three-dimensional (3D) deterministic hydrodynamic model versus a multiple linear