The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, which occurred in March 2011, has released large amounts of radionuclides (such as radioiodine and radiocesium) into the atmosphere, resulting in the contamination of terrestrial and marine environments. To assess radiological and environmental effects of the FDNPP-derived radionuclides, huge amounts of radioactive monitoring activities have

Atmospheric transport and dispersion models are important tools in radiation protection as they help to estimate the impact of radionuclides released into the atmosphere. In particular, such models can be used in combination with radionuclide observations to estimate unknown source term parameters, or to improve source term estimates obtained through other methods. In this paper, a Bayesian inference

To monitor radioactivity levels in seawater Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety has installed and been operating 18 NaI(Tl)-based gamma detectors around the Korean peninsula. This study was conducted to estimate the detector efficiency and MDA of 137Cs in seawater for measurement situations. For this purpose, experiments in the air and a water tank, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed using a

The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accidents following the March 11, 2011 Tohoku earthquake, and subsequent tsunami released radioactive materials into the atmosphere and caused significant public health concerns, particularly thyroid cancers in children. However, the lack of measurement data for atmospheric concentrations of 131I has caused persistent and widespread uncertainty. This study

Aerosols dispersed in the atmosphere represent important factors influencing not only the environment, but also human health. Carbonaceous aerosols are one of the main components of total atmospheric aerosols, and their sources are of great interest. Radiocarbon analysis provides an excellent way to determine the fraction of fossil and non-fossil aerosols in the atmosphere. Over the period of one year

In March 2011, an earthquake caused the shutdown of the active reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), with the succeeding tsunami resulting in the release of radioactively contaminated water into the adjacent Japanese coastal waters. Marine biota selected from various trophic levels were collected in Korean coastal waters throughout 2014 and 2015 and their plutonium levels were

Uranium mining and milling activities for many years resulted in release of uranium into the adjoining soil in varying degrees. Bioremediation approaches (i.e., immobilization via the action of bacteria) resulting in uranium bearing solid is supposed as an economic and clean in-situ approach for the treatment of uranium contaminated sites. This study purposes to determine the immobilization efficiency

The 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant led to large-scale changes in the environmental situation. The purpose of our study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the morphological states of the dentition of individuals living in regions exposed to radiation to determine the groups at risk for the main classes of dental anomalies. We believe our results will support the development

Environmental radiocarbon (14C) monitoring is gaining importance in China due to the recent rapid development of the nuclear industry. In this study, synthetic benzoic acid samples with the fingerprint of environmental 14C were generated by using the synthesis method, and the specific activity of 14C was determined using the liquid scintillation counting (LSC) method. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography

The method of tritium activity measurements by electrolytic enrichment in combination with liquid scintillation counting is well known for many years. In the Water Research Institute in Bratislava was this system employed since the 60-ties of the 20th century. In 2018 the laboratory of radiochemistry of Water Research Institute obtained a new electrolytic enrichment system with higher enrichment factor

We evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to environmental radiological contamination on the reproductive fitness of sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis) by quantifying viability in haploid gametophytes of spores collected from ferns from background and contaminated areas of the Chalk River site. Dose rates measured in situ at field sites ranged from 60 to 849 μGy h-1, with effects possible at the

The methodology for determination of 241Pu in soils of the main test sites of the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) has been developed. The results of 241Am and 241Pu activity determination in soil samples sampled at the main testing sites of the STS are presented. 241Pu/241Am activity ratio is calculated. In most cases, on local sites, 241Pu/241Am activity ratio is in a rather narrow range, which makes

Vertical distributions of 90Sr and 137Cs in Sea of Japan/East Sea (SOJ/ES) water in the period of 1977-2010 exhibited a typical diffusion shape with surface/subsurface maxima and decreasing values with increasing depth. Apparent vertical diffusion coefficients (AVDCs) and apparent initial surface fluxes (AIFs) of 90Sr and 137Cs, which were estimated using a curve-fitting method from a vertical diffusion

In April and August 2015, a massive fire occurred in the Chernobyl Exclusion zone. The fire spread to neighboring areas due to the prevailing strong winds. In this paper, we analyze the peat fires as a unique source of radioactive contamination. After an expedition directly to the peat fire site (the evacuation zone of the Bryansk region), we collected a number of aerosol samples. We came to the conclusion

The diffusion length of 222Rn in uraniferous waste rock was determined through a novel experiment. Large PVC columns were filled to different depths in the range from 0.5 m to 3.0 m with waste rock material from the Ranger uranium mine and the build-up of 222Rn activity concentration in the column headspace above the material was measured after closing the columns with a lid. Measurements were made

The use of an aqueous reductant (Na-dithionite) with pH buffer (K-carbonate, pH 12) was evaluated in this laboratory study as a potential remedial approach for removing Fe oxide associated iodine and enhancing pump-and-treat extraction from iodine-contaminated sediments in the unconfined aquifer in the 200 West Area of the Hanford Site. X-ray fluorescence data of untreated sediment indicated that iodine

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty is supported by a global network of monitoring stations that perform high-resolution gamma-spectrometry on air filter samples. The UK CTBT Radionuclide Laboratory has utilised cosmic veto systems to improve the sensitivity of measurements since 2010. During this study, a second detector system (with a cosmic veto) was deployed at the CTBT IMS station RN67,

The intent of minimizing the impact of the large amount of radioactive material potentially released into the atmosphere in a nuclear event implies preparedness activities. In the early phase and in absence of field observations, countermeasures would largely rely on a previous characterization of the transport and dispersion of radioactive particles and the potential levels of radioactive contamination

Extensive vadose zone metals and organic contamination remains at many former industrial and defense manufacturing sites, and effective remedial solutions are needed to slow or prevent its migration to groundwater. In this study, the application of gaseous substrates to stimulate microbial respiratory reduction of comingled radioisotopes and nitrate under unsaturated conditions was examined for possible

This paper presents the results of the first comprehensive estimation of the ground deposition density of radionuclides in French Polynesia resulting from the 41 atmospheric nuclear weapons tests that were conducted between 1966 and 1974 at Mururoa and Fangataufa. For each test, the deposition density at the time of arrival of fallout was estimated for 33 radionuclides either from measurements of total

Radiocesium was released to the North Pacific coastal waters by the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (1FNPP) of the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) in March 2011. Since the radiocesium in the sediment off Fukushima was suggested as a possible source for the transfer of this radionuclide through the benthic food chain, we conducted numerical simulations of 137Cs in sediments

Iodine-129 with a long half-time of 1.6 × 107 y was discharged into the Pacific Ocean during the final safety tests of the first commercial nuclear fuel reprocessing plant in Japan, at Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture. Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important fishery along this coast. It is necessary to determine whether 129I accumulates in this species to assess the possible public acceptance

In the present study, thoron exhalation flux density were measured in the soil samples collected around the Indian station namely Bharati (69° 24.41' S, 76° 11.72' E) and its nearby islands in the Larsemann hills region of Antarctica. Further, dependency of thoron mass emanation rate and emanation coefficient on the soil grain size was studied by segregating the soil samples into four different grain

A series of accidents at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (1F NPP) following the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami of 11 March 2011 resulted in the release of radioactive materials to the ocean. We used the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) to simulate the 137Cs activity in the oceanic area off Fukushima, with the sources of radioactivity being direct release, atmospheric deposition

Because internal transfers can play a key role in radiocaesium persistence in trees, a reliable representation of radiocaesium recycling between tree organs in forest models is important for long-term simulations after radioactive fallout in Chernobyl and Fukushima. We developed an upgraded 2.0 version of the initial TRIPS ("Transfer of Radionuclides In Perennial vegetation System") model involving

When a nuclear accident occurs, decision makers in the affected country/countries would need to act promptly to protect people, the environment and societal interests from harmful impacts of radioactive fallout. The decisions are usually based on a combination of model prognoses, measurements, and expert judgements within in an emergency decision support system (DSS). Large scale nuclear accidents

The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary assessment of the expected effective dose rate from external exposure to an adult individual staying at that part of the radioactively contaminated territory of the Vetka district of the Gomel region of the Republic of Belarus, from where residents had been resettled after the Chernobyl accident. For this assessment, in summer 2016 and 2018 soil samples

Luminescence dosimetry was performed using bricks from the former settlement of Metlino, Southern Urals, Russia, to investigate the feasibility of validating the Techa River Dosimetry System (TRDS) 2016 for the shore of the Metlinsky Pond, upper Techa River region. TRDS is a code for estimating external and internal doses for members of the Extended Techa River Cohort. Several brick samples were taken

In February 2004, anthropogenic radionuclides (137Cs, 236U, 239Pu and 240Pu), transported from the Sahara Desert, were observed in the Monaco air, and later in water and sediment samples collected at the DYFAMED site in the northwest (NW) Mediterranean Sea. While 236U and 137Cs in Saharan dust particles showed a high solubility in seawater, Pu isotopes were particle reactive in the water column and

Recently environmental radionuclide signals were observed in the atmosphere which could be associated with undeclared nuclear activities, not directly connected with development of nuclear weapons. Large-scale contamination of European air with Ru-106 observed in 2017 may represent such an accident, which was probably associated with the Mayak nuclear fuel reprocessing facility in the Chelyabinsk region

Conventional beta counting technique based radiocarbon dating facility at Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences- Lucknow was established in 1974 (Rajagopalan,1978). In 2017-18, BSIP received an upgrade with installation of an Automated Graphitization Equipment (AGE) coupled with an Elemental Analyser, a Carbonate Handling System (CHS) along with an in-line stable isotope mass-spectrometer (IRMS)

A novel biosorbent was prepared and applied for the removal of uranium from aqueous solution. A new immobilization method was studied and used to embed living yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2% w/v) by sodium sulfate (0.5 mol/L) based on saturated boric acid-alginate calcium cross-linking method. The swelling ratio, hydraulic and chemical stability and bioactivity of immobilized microbial

In this study, the gross alpha and beta activities and 137Cs, 90Sr and 129I radionuclide concentrations in the feeds and thyroid samples obtained from a certain number of sheep, which were fed by Fırat University (Elazığ) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine with varying amounts of fresh lucerne, fodder, silage, straw and concentrate feed were determined. The 137Cs, 90Sr and 129I radionuclide transfer coefficients

A powerful neutron source, the European Spallation Source (ESS), is currently under construction in Lund, Sweden (~90 000 inhabitants). Levels of tritium (3H) in urine were estimated in members of the public in Lund and employees at the ESS using liquid scintillation counting, to obtain baseline levels before the start of operation of the ESS. These were compared with levels in other occupationally

Information about groundwater residence times is essential for evaluating appropriate groundwater abstraction rates and aquifer vulnerabilities and hence for sustainable groundwater management in general. Naturally occurring radionuclides are suitable tools for related investigations. While the applicability of several long-lived radionuclides for the investigation of long-term processes has been demonstrated

Interest is increasing in the radiological consequences of a release of aerosol and gaseous iodine, especially after the Fukushima accident and also because of new interpretations of the results of recent severe accident experiments. This work provides a brief review of the history of iodine chemistry in containment and suggests an approach to include gaseous iodine, namely in the forms of elemental

The article is devoted to the study of the activity of the natural radionuclides 40K, 232Th, 226Ra and technogenic 137Cs radionuclide in the river sediments of watercourses around the Lomonosov diamond deposit (northwestern Russia). This is the only large diamond mining and beneficiation complex in Europe. Samples of river sediments and surface waters were taken from the Zolotitsa River and its tributaries

Comparison of conventional acid digestion with mixtures of acids HNO3, HClO4, and HF and thermal fusion utilizing Li borate as a fusion agent was made for solid samples. In the study, various parameters such as amount of the sample taken for the analysis, as well as addition of tracers before and after dissolution procedures were investigated. The obtained results showed that dissolution without any

The paper presents the study of the radioactivity connected with the transport of natural gas by the gas pipeline network in the selected points in Poland. In the scope of the study the measurements of activity concentration of radon (222Rn) in the gas samples, radiolead (210Pb) in spent filter cartridges and dust samples (black powder) collected from the gas pipeline network were performed. The results

The article presents results of the research on artificial radionuclides (137Cs, 90Sr, 241Am) in the Antarctic environment. Samples of 12 species from the marine environment: Pygoscelis adeliae, Pygoscelis papua, Macronectes giganteus, Pagodroma nivea, Catharacta antarctica, Leptonychotes weddellii, Mirounga leonina, Harpagifer antarcticus, Chaenocephalus aceratus, Nacella concinna, Himantothallus

Batch experiments were performed to study adsorption and desorption of 75Se and 113Sn radiotracers at environmentally representative concentrations of ~0.3 ng L-1 and ~3 ng L-1, respectively. The radiotracers were incubated with wet bulk sediments from the Gironde Estuary and the Rhône River, combining freshwater and coastal seawater salinity (S = 0, S = 32) and three different Suspended Particulate

Radiocesium (137Cs) derived from the accident of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant remains in forests. Although a large proportion of the 137Cs in forests has been transferred to soils, the rates of transfer to soils depend on the chemical form of 137Cs, which determines the mobility of 137Cs in plant tissues and subsequently during decomposition of leaf litter. In order to understand the dynamics

Atmospheric air samples were collected at 9 monitoring stations (A1 to A9) less than 2 km from the Paks Nuclear Power Plant (Paks NPP) and a background station (B24). The monthly integrated CO2 and total carbon (CO2+hydrocarbons (CnHm)) samples were collected to determine the excess 14C activity at the vicinity of the NPP. The measurements providing the 14C/12C ratio of the monthly integrated samples

In this study, plutonium activity concentrations in the urban wetlands and lacustrine sediment of Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) are studied for the first time. Results show 239+240Pu activity concentrations in the wetland surface soils of SIP range from 0.035 to 0.426 mBq/g and the 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio ranges from 0.171±0.024 to 0.226±0.049. Judging from the atom ratio of 240Pu/239Pu, the main source

To assess the radiological dose to the public resulting from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident in Japan, especially for the early phase of the accident when no measured data are available for that purpose, the spatial and temporal distributions of radioactive materials in the environment need to be reconstructed through computer simulations using the atmospheric transport

Beibu Gulf is a highly dynamic and complex coastal environment that is currently experiencing one of the largest rates of development and urbanization in west China. Little is known about the effects of this increased human activity on coastal sedimentation processes and on the rates of sediment accumulation and the variation of organic materials to the coast. In this study, four sediment cores were

The surface gamma dose was monitored by RS-230 gamma spectrometer in aseismic region from March 2018 to April 2019. The behavior of gamma radiation were analyzed, the results show that is obviously affected by rainfall. Based on the meteorological dataset provided by National Meteorological Information Center, the method for quantitative removal of rainfall interference is proposed. The statistical

Anthropogenic radionuclides can enter water bodies through accidental or controlled discharges. In order to assess their potential impact, understanding the link between exposure, tissue specific bioaccumulation and radiation dose rate, to biological or biomarker responses in aquatic biota is required. Adopting an integrated, multi-biomarker, multi-species approach, we have investigated potential biological

Field data on behaviour of artificial polydisperse radioactive silica particles in the components of the cattle food chain are presented. The model fused radioactive particles reproduced the spherical shape of particles in the local deposition during nuclear tests, including their specific gravity and polydispersity. It is shown that the composition of radioactive particles entering the body of animals

Determination of radionuclide concentration factor (CF) allows estimating the transfer of environmental radionuclides and potential risks of consuming fish contaminated with radionuclides. Although it is known that biotic and abiotic factors affect fish CF, only a few studies have examined whether these factors differ among ecosystems. We estimated radiocesium (137Cs) CF of 30 different fish species

The purpose of this paper is to determine the degree of contamination of the largest waterway of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (STS), the Shagan River, with heavy metals and artificial radionuclides. With the data obtained by the long term monitoring results, we identified the most significant contaminants and determined the most contaminated reaches of the Shagan River. The contamination indices

The Yenisei River is contaminated by artificial radionuclides released by one of the Russian facilities producing weapons-grade plutonium (the Mining-and-Chemical Combine, MCC), which has been in operation for 60 years. The paper presents results of long-term monitoring of radionuclide concentrations in six aquatic plant species collected from the 1400 km Yenisei River stretch downstream of the city

Carbonaceous debris (CD) are exclusively disseminated in sandstones of uranium-bearing strata from the Dongsheng uranium ore field of the northern Ordos Basin, northern China. Physicochemical properties of CD were investigated through a series of tests including element analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (i.e., FTIR) and organic carbon isotope (i.e., δC13) as well as specific surface

The time-dependence of 137Cs in new shoots of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) following a137Cs-deposition was analyzed and quantified in terms of effective half-lives. The underlying monitoring studies were performed after the accidents in the Chernobyl and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants for tea plants growing in Japan. The major transfer route for atmospherically deposited radiocaesium

The paper presents the results of 90Sr/137Cs isotopic ratios in the soil surface layer in the venues of surface and atmospheric nuclear tests at the territory of the «Experimental Field » site of the Semipalatinsk Test Site. One of the main factors in the radiation impact of a nuclear explosion on the environment is the decay of fission products. The determination of 137Cs activity in soil is carried

This study sought to determine radiocesium (137Cs) concentrations in two species of aquatic salamanders - the two-toed amphiuma (Amphiuma means) and the lesser siren (Siren intermedia) on the Savannah River Site. Concentrations (137Cs Bq/g, dry wt) of the two species were similar at both 137Cs-contaminated (A. means = 0.733 ± 0.242, n = 5; S. intermedia = 0.839 ± 0.722, n = 5) and reference sites (A

A method for the measurement of organically bound tritium (OBT) in marine biota has been developed using a combustion device designed with three independent temperature control zones and a two-stage intake mode to ensure full combustion of samples. The versatility of the combustion device and combustion water recoveries were tested on nine different types of marine biota, with recoveries varying from