Abstract Coffee is one of the most significant beverages consumed worldwide, dating to times immemorial. It plays a pivotal role in several economies owing to its second position in the list of trading commodity, after petroleum. The growing demand for coffee has resulted in a great amount of coffee production and processing and subsequent release of large volumes of wastewater. This wastewater is

Abstract The cracking furnace is the core of an ethylene plant. An optimization method is built based on the integration of reaction network. Starting from atomic scope, an algebraic procedure is used to seek all possible reactions and establish the reaction network. Based on this, the reaction network is integrated and simplified to identify the variation rate of every component. The calculation procedure

Abstract Although the world energy mix is still strongly dependent on fossil fuels, biofuels have been gaining market share, especially in the transport sector. The main biofuel raw materials are those produced by agropastoral systems that use large expanses of land. The present work presents an innovative method of sustainability assessment of biodiesel, combining temporal and regional approaches

Abstract Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system produces both heat and electricity simultaneously with the advantages of better space utilization and higher conversion efficiency over individual solar thermal and solar photovoltaic (PV) system when operated separately. The PV/T system can control the operating temperature of PV by passing a heat transfer fluid through a heat exchanger attached to the rear

Abstract This work presents an application of the modern portfolio theory (MPT). The United Nations 2030 Agenda of sustainable development goals establishes 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) and 169 targets each associated with indicators, integrating the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. This constitutes a complex system to be used by more than 150 countries

Abstract The consumption of resources at a rate faster than they can be replenished is a pressing issue for present and future generations. Several methods account for assessing the depletion of resources, amongst which include the quantity of resource extracted, the rate of resource extraction, and the extra energy or cost for future resource extractions. This paper examines the dynamic impacts of

Abstract In this study, a numerical model is developed to study the behaviour of conventional heat sink and phase change material (PCM) heat sink for electronics cooling applications. Two different PCMs, RT35HC (ΔTm = 34–36 °C and ΔH = 240 kJ/kg) and RT44HC (ΔTm = 41–44 °C and ΔH = 250 kJ/kg), are selected for the analysis. A comparison has been made between conventional heat sink and PCM-based heat

Abstract A surge in the size of the automobile population has caused vehicular emissions to become a major source of urban atmospheric pollution. Elevating standards is an effective method of controlling vehicular emissions and improving air quality. Light-duty vehicles are the major contributors to HC and CO emissions as they constitute a large proportion of all vehicles. Consequently, controlling

Abstract Surface charge of the skin matrix is an extremely important parameter in leather making process because effectivity of the chemicals largely depends on the surface charge of the skin matrix. In the present research work, isoelectric point (Ip) and point of zero charge (pzc) are used to predict the distribution of electric potential and charge at the skin tissue–liquid interface after chemical

Abstract A battery-operated walk-behind type vertical conveyer reaper (electric reaper) was designed and developed for harvesting cereal crops with reduced environmental pollution and cost of harvesting. It comprised a cutting unit, conveying unit, propelling unit, two DC motors and lead–acid batteries. A standard cutter bar with a total cutting width of 600 mm was used as the cutting unit. DC motors

Abstract The warming climate results in higher losses in potato production, storage and processing, especially in developing countries. Feeding, anaerobic fermentation, combustion, composting and charring of potato peels with reject potatoes were analyzed on a pilot scale. It was revealed that feeding is the most promising alternative; however, additional energy inputs for potato waste steaming are

Abstract This study attempts to analyse the influence of urbanization, economic growth, and population size on residential carbon emissions in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) member nations for the period 1994 to 2013. To do so, we employ an augmented STIRPAT model in an ecological analytic framework with a fixed effect regression model that incorporates Driscoll and Kraay

Abstract This paper presents techno-economic assessment of a biomass-based combined power and cooling plant suitable for off-grid rural areas. The proposed plant employs an indirectly heated air turbine cycle drawing heat from combustion of biomass-derived producer gas. The installation capacity of 50 kW is determined based on the present electricity demand and taking into account the possible demand

Abstract In this study, the life cycle assessment of cotton woven shirt production, from cotton cultivation to the final product, has been done. In this scope, four alternative production scenarios were developed and evaluated with GaBi 8.0 software with CML 2001—January 2016 methodology. These scenarios include conventional cotton woven shirt production, organic cotton cultivation incorporated with

Abstract An appreciable part of primary energy input to a marine diesel engine is rejected as waste heat. Thus, through marine diesel engine waste heat recovery significant amount of secondary energy can be produced to satisfy the auxiliary power requirement of the marine ship. In present study, a CO2-organic fluid cascading cycle is considered for the utilization of the waste heat released by the

Abstract Green Lean Six Sigma is an inclusive approach, leads to optimum utilization of resources, reduces rejection and provides a path for sustainable development. In such an approach, decision-making becomes difficult in terms of selecting and prioritizing the different facets that incorporate sustainability in the system. The present research deals with the prioritization of Green Lean Six Sigma

Abstract Causal relationship among economic growth, urbanization, energy consumption, renewable energy share, trade openness and carbon emissions in the context of a large developing economy of India over the period 1990–2015 is examined in this study. The results support the existence of co-integration among the major variables. Ridge regression is done to model the impact of these variables on carbon

Abstract A novel catalytic technique is vital to produce mono- and dioleate (GMO and GDO) from bioglycerol: a renewable resource and by-product of biodiesel. The advantage of this invention is the direct production of GMO and GDO through catalytic approach compared to the conventional method that requires transesterification and distillation processes. In this paper, glycerol esterification with oleic

Abstract Pd nanoparticles (NPs)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite was prepared in a one-pot process by using Euphorbia stenoclada extract as antioxidant media in the absence of any surfactant, dangerous reactants or using external energy input. Catalytic potential of the fabricated Pd-RGO nanocomposite was examined for the degradation of environmental contaminants including Cr(VI), 4-nitrophenol

Abstract Rendering plants produce large amounts of wastewater that could be reused at the plant with adequate treatment. Membrane fouling is the main problem during the treatment of this type of wastewater by nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO). In order to reduce membrane fouling, the rendering plant secondary effluent was pretreated with two types of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes: MW as

Abstract Biodiesel is an alternative sustainable energy source and can be utilized in the compression ignition engine without any changes in the engine design. This research work focuses on the preparation of Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester through two steps of transesterification process and its implementation in common rail direct injection diesel engines under various fuel injection strategies

Abstract To mitigate air pollution problem, the government has been planning to build more liquefied petroleum gas stations to motivate drivers to use liquefied petroleum gas vehicles in Taiwan. Such facility allocation problem is a multi-objective optimization process considering spatial variation in the need of refueling. This study presents a stochastic multi-objective optimization model for liquefied

Abstract The fabrication of aminotetrazole–palladium(II) complex immobilized on silica-encapsulated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles is described with full characterization using XRD, TGA–DTG, EDS, TEM, FESEM, VSM and FTIR spectroscopy. This prepared core–shell entity has been explored as a highly efficient reusable nanocatalyst with superior stability and high catalytic activity in the reduction of hexavalent

Abstract The current work reports experimental outcomes about anaerobic digestion (AD) of the organic fraction of catering solid waste to produce biogas and methane yield and solidity of the entire system. The possibility of developing AD as an efficient technique for food waste management has also been considered. Inoculation is an established technique to enhance biogas yield through digested sludge

Abstract Supply chain network design (SCND) plays a crucial role in transforming a supply chain sustainable. Recently, various SCND models have been developed especially focusing on carbon footprint reduction. The current study argues that emphasizing only on carbon footprint cannot entirely transform a supply chain sustainable. There are other dimensions (water footprint, solid waste, and social factor)

Abstract Many countries, especially in arid and semiarid regions, suffer from water scarcity because of the decline in the existing freshwater reserves by consumption and pollution. Climate change also makes the problem even more difficult and costly. In order to resolve the increased water scarcity problem, seawater desalination powered by renewables such as solar and/or wind can be an opportunity

Abstract Power generation processes are major contributors of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which have been linked to the global warming phenomenon, and by relying on solar photovoltaics (PV) for power generation, GHG emissions can be minimized. However, current and future power supply scenarios in Nigeria are heavily dependent on natural-gas-fired plants. Whereas the solar energy resource available in

Abstract Comparative chemical hazard assessment, which compares hazards for several endpoints across several chemicals, can be used for a variety of purposes including alternatives assessment and the prioritization of chemicals for further assessment. A new framework was developed to compile and integrate chemical hazard data for several human health and ecotoxicity endpoints from public online sources

Abstract Filler, as a component of hot mix asphalt, has an important role in improving the mechanical properties and extending the lifespan of asphalt. This research is conducted to evaluate the use of ceramic waste as filler and its effect on the mechanical properties of asphalt. For this purpose, ceramic waste powder was replaced with conventional limestone filler at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% proportions

Ideally, new electricity generating units will have low capital costs, low fuel costs, minimal environmental impacts, and satisfy demand without concerns of intermittency. When expanding generating capacity, candidate technologies can be evaluated against criteria such as these. Alternatively, it may be possible to pair technologies in such a way that the combination addresses these criteria better

Until recently, most of energy and industrially produced chemicals were derived from fossil fuel-based resources. This along with the continued depletion of finite fossil resources and their attributed adverse environmental impacts, alternatively sourced and more sustainable resources are being pursued as feedstock replacements. Thus, biomass has been identified as an alternate renewable and more sustainable

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool that aids in sustainable decision-making among product and process alternatives. When implementing LCA, the efficient and accurate modeling of chemical processes for Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) generation is still challenging. Challenges include a lack of systematic design and simulation tools and approaches to develop chemical process models for obtaining and analyzing

The goal of alternatives assessment (AA) is to facilitate a comparison of alternatives to a chemical of concern, resulting in the identification of safer alternatives. A two stage methodology for comparing chemical alternatives was developed. In the first stage, alternatives are compared using a variety of human health effects, ecotoxicity, and physicochemical properties. Hazard profiles are completed

Recent projections of future United States carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are considerably lower than projections made just a decade ago. A myriad of factors have contributed to lower forecasts, including reductions in end-use energy service demands, improvements in energy efficiency, and technological innovations. Policies that have encouraged these changes include renewable portfolio standards, corporate

Many organizations have attempted to develop an accurate well-to-pump life cycle model of petroleum products in order to inform decision makers of the consequences of its use. Our paper studies five of these models, demonstrating the differences in their predictions and attempting to evaluate their data quality. Carbon dioxide well-to-pump emissions for gasoline showed a variation of 35%, and other

Economic value is no longer adequate by itself as a proxy for the value-added benefits (VAB) assumed to be generated by emerging technologies such as engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). This study was conducted to explore the potential to establish an integrated sociotechnical framework with the end goal to assess whether or not ENMs and nano-enabled products contribute VAB. Based on the research in this