Favorable crop population architecture is the foundation for obtaining high crop yields and water productivity (WP) under limited irrigation. A field experiment was conducted at Wuqiao Experimental Station from 2015 to 2018 using the ‘Nongda399′ wheat variety under the four seeding density and three irrigation schemes to explore the population architecture, canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP), organ

This paper presents a methodological framework to conduct a water stress assessment of water resources through water stress index. A modified version of the water stress index was developed and applied for cereal grown in the Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria. The water stress index defined as Crop Stress Index (CSI) and derived by accumulating differences in water supply and demand over time to assess the

Potato is a staple food crop in the agro-pastoral ecotone (APE) of North China. However, the potato yield is low and highly variable due to limited water and nutrient availabilities in the region. Irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization have been used widely to enhance potato yield but result in negative environmental impacts in the APE. This study aims to explore the optimum combinations of irrigation

Widespread tree mortality induced by drought events causes significant damage to the local ecosystem and society. Populus simonii Carr. in Zhangbei, Bashang region, China, which was the dominant species of local shelter forest, experienced a wide and heterogeneous dieback, calling for an urgent need for research revealing the mechanism of this mortality event. We conducted a field survey across the

Biochar, a form of porous pyrogenic carbon, has been shown to influence soil physicochemical properties and increase crop yield. However, it is unclear whether biochar application at different rates will improve crop performance in a clay soil under drought conditions through increasing plant water uptake. Here, we examined performance of soybean after amendment with biochar (pyrolysed at ~400 °C for

Soil matric potential (SMP) is usually monitored by a tensiometer for managing irrigation in forest plantations, so determining where to install the tensiometer is important for improving irrigation efficiency. However, such work has never been conducted for border irrigation, which is commonly used in the intensive cultivation of forest plantations. In a border irrigated Populus tomentosa plantation

Developing rapid technologies that improve the food production industry with no harmful influence on the environment is a prime priority today. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors but it consume large amount of water. Agriculture soil especially arid and semi-arid soils have large pores due to this; plants have to face low water and fertilizer retention problem. Smart polymeric materials

Due to existing problems related to drip irrigation under the conditions of mulching and the vigorous promotion of soil covered drip irrigation without film, drip irrigation experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in order to explore the mechanism of water conservation. Three different irrigation treatments were adopted in this study: high, middle, and low irrigation quotas. In addition, two different

In this paper, we modeled water trading in southern Alberta by incorporating irrigation technologies and crop choices. We consider six irrigation technologies and twelve crops with a variation in land quality to examine the adoption gains from water trading. The results are summarized to account for the gains from water trading and the probability of farmers switching to efficient irrigation technologies

Runoff loss and soil erosion are the main factors threatening grain production in the corn belt of northeast China (CBNC) and are closely related to the planting pattern, row direction, and practice of straw mulching. A 4-year (2017–2020) field experiment was conducted under natural rainfall conditions from 2017 to 2020 to ascertain the effects of the planting pattern, including continuous corn (C)

Infiltration and evaporation are two important components of soil water balance in semiarid areas. For local orchards using drip irrigation, rainfall and irrigation events have a profound impact on soil infiltration and evaporation. As an effective water conservation technique, soil surface mulching is widely used in semiarid areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mulching (e

Knowledge of plant response to salinity, especially at early growth stages, is critical to optimizing crop production in salt-affected soils. In this paper we explore quantitatively the effectiveness of seed pre-treatment to lessen the effects of salinity on Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Two independent experiments were conducted with nine salinity

It is of great significance to study the variation in reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and the factors that influence it to ensure the sustainable and efficient utilization of water resources. In this study, the spatio-temporal changes in ETo and rice areas as well as the relationship between them in Heilongjiang Province, China, from 1951 to 2018 were analysed by using trend, correlation and contribution

The hydrogenionic potential (pH) is one of the parameters that characterize the quality of water for irrigation, and can influence soil microbiology and the cation exchange process between soil and plant. However, there are few studies related to the pH of irrigation water for hop culture. According to this, our work aimed to evaluate the irrigation effect with different water pH ranges on the agronomic

Vegetation filter strips (VFS) have been shown to effectively intercept water flow and remove nitrogen. Studies of the vegetation effects on water flow and nitrogen transport are typically studied based on qualitative analyses with species, layouts, growth stage, seasonal changes, and other vegetation conditions and did not considered quantification based on plant traits. In this study, the transport

Quantifying the water use effects of tree plantations on regional hydrological processes is vitally important for evaluating the reforestation strategies related to a sustainable use of water resources. We conducted a comprehensive study to investigate the precipitation partitioning and hydrological effect of three different plantations (Schima wallichii, Acacia mangium, and Cunninghamia lanceolata)

Soil salinization severely degrades agricultural land and significantly impacts agricultural productivity. Earthworm casts, as a pollution-free improver, can effectively enhance the structure and properties of soil; however, their effects on water and salt movement in soil, under brackish water irrigation, remain unclear. In this study, we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the effects

Leaching is essential in irrigated croplands where natural precipitation is insufficient to control salinity buildup. Several useful models exist for salinity management; however, leaching requirement (LR) calculations are based on steady-state approaches that only consider salinity tolerance of crops and irrigation water salinity to estimate the LR. In this study, a web-based soil salinity leaching

The objective of the study was to develop a method for precise estimation of spatial and temporal variation in the elementary uptake of water by roots of an irrigated plant. The project focused on plants irrigated in a unique way, consisting in injection application of water directly within the reach of the root system. The analyses were conducted on the basis of a study performed in controlled conditions

The relative impact of climate change, agricultural inputs, crop diversity, and environment on soil nitrate-N (NO3-N) and labile soil phosphorus (P) has seldom been assessed in the scientific literature. Furthermore crop management of plant nutrients, based on a combination of agricultural inputs and crop diversity, has not been assessed with respect to adaptation to climate change. This modeling study

Constant decline of freshwater reserve poses a major challenge for coastal agricultural systems. The present study focuses on the integrated land and water resources management framework under operational and climatic uncertainties to achieve sustainable agricultural production in a tropical coastal river basin. To capture the operational and climatic uncertainties, Grey Linear Programming (GLP) and

The A&P approach, developed by Allen and Pereira (2009), estimates single and basal crop coefficients (Kc and Kcb) from the observed fraction of ground cover (fc) and crop height (h). The practical application of the A&P for several crops was reviewed and tested in a companion paper (Pereira et al., 2020). The current study further addresses the derivation of optimal values for A&P parameter values

Multiple Inlet Rice Irrigation (MIRI) reduces water use and production costs for Arkansas rice producers. While the water savings from MIRI have been analyzed experimentally, the overall holistic benefits of MIRI rice have yet to be quantified compared to cascade flooded rice. As such, this study evaluates the economic and environmental benefits of MIRI resulting from publicly funded research, in this

Agricultural non-point source pollution (ANPSP) is a critical cause of global environmental problems. However, the estimation of ANPSP in typical orchard-dominated areas is lacking. In this study, the site conditions and fertilizer application patterns of apple orchard-dominated landscapes in Qixia, north China, were investigated, along with the spatial distribution of land use types, which were obtained

The effect of pre-harvest deficit irrigation was studied as a tool to reduce fruit moisture and evaluate its influence on fruit characteristics, oil yield extraction, and oil quality. Two regulated deficit irrigation treatments (RDI) were evaluated over two seasons in a cv. Genovesa olive orchard. This study included a Control treatment, irrigated at 100% crop evapotranspiration over the season, and

A large amount of the water diverted for irrigated agriculture seeps from earthen canals during its conveyance to fields. Besides a shortfall in water availability, a variety of environmental and economic damages are caused by canal seepage. Polymer sealants provide an economical alternative to permanent liners for reducing seepage from earthen canals temporarily. Field studies of the polymer sealant

Olive cultivation in Argentina has experienced an important expansion based on large-scale development of high-density (HD) olive orchards. Intensification has led to yield increases, but, because of the high annual ETo and low rainfall, olive production must rely heavily on irrigation. The aim of this work was to determine the yield response to variable water supply of a HD, tall olive orchard, and

Understanding the contributions of soil water evaporation (E) and crop transpiration (T) to evapotranspiration (ET) is essential for irrigation management and improving crop water use efficiency. Current methods for partitioning ET are subject to uncertainties, due in part to the scale differences in determining E, T, and ET. In this study, ET of a lysimeter planted with maize (Zea mays L.) was partitioned

To assess and compare the long-term effects of living grass mulching on soil and water conservation and fruit yield, the surface runoff, eroded sediment, soil water content, and fruit yield associated with different mulching patterns, included clean tillage, strip mulching with Paspalum notatum Flugge, full mulching with Paspalum notatum Flugge, strip mulching with Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers, full

Water, energy, food, and environment are highly interconnected, with intricate dependencies and multiple uncertainties involved in agricultural system. This paper presents a novel water-energy-food-environment nexus (WEFEN) optimization model for sustainable development of agriculture. The developed model incorporates stochastic multi-objective programming, triangular fuzzy numbers, fuzzy credibility-constrained

Pecan is a major crop in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), New Mexico. New Mexico is currently the largest pecan producer in the United States. Pecan is also considered a major water user which can consume as much as 1200–1300 mm of water during the growing season. Climate change can have significant potential impact on the water requirement of pecan as well as its productivity and cost of production

Tributary stream systems provide an important source of water for sustaining adjacent irrigated agricultural enterprises. Unfortunately, irrigation withdrawals, depending on the timing and amounts, can have substantial negative impacts on critical aquatic ecosystems in the tributaries. Current regulatory trends in many regions point to increased restrictions on irrigation diversions for ecosystem protection

Parameter calibration is normally required prior to crop model simulation, which can be a time-consuming and data-intensive task. Meanwhile, the growth stages of different hybrids/cultivars of the same crop often show some similarities, which implies that phenological parameters calibrated for one hybrid/cultivar may be useful for the simulation of another. In this study, a data assimilation framework

Water shortages are a continuing reality for today’s irrigated agriculture especially in the arid US southwest where cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important crop. Decreasing water availability in the region coupled with high cotton water requirements are inducing water conservation practices, including adoption of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and deficit irrigation management. A 3-year cotton

A robust soil-water system is essential for achieving most of the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations. Systems approach is essential to keep the soil-water system to derive sustainable benefits. Prevention is better than cure; hence accurate prediction of the likely results of our action on soil-water system is needed. Hydrus is one of the handy tools for simulating root zone under drip

Root water uptake plays an important role in plant growth and the water cycle in ecosystems, and it is greatly affected by the morphology and spatial distribution of the roots. The ridge–furrow rainwater harvesting system (RFRH) is an effective strategy in semi-arid regions, but the mechanism of spring maize root water uptake remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a two-year experiment in a semi-arid

This study was conducted over two successive seasons in 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 on 6-year-old Anna apple trees to determine the effects of autumn irrigation determent on fruit phenological development stages, flowering density, initial fruit set, fruit yield, fruit characteristics, and nutritional status. There were five irrigation treatments: T1, control (no determent); T2, irrigation determent for

Seasonal freeze-thaw processes affect soil water migration and distribution, especially in semi-arid agricultural areas. These processes play an important role in mitigating harsh environmental conditions and wind erosion. Soil water content (SWC) and soil temperature (ST) were monitored at different depths (0–2 m) and investigated under freeze-thaw conditions from November 2018 to May 2019 in a semi-arid

In recent years, serious drought-related disasters in China have received increased attention due to their significant impacts. Assessing drought variations was critical to ensure agricultural activity, social development, and human health. This study used the three-dimensional clustering method to investigate variations of drought events in historical (1971–2010) and future (SSP126 and SSP585, 2061-2100)

The determination of the volumetric soil water content θv by means of capacitive profile probes is often applied to investigate the soil water storage change ΔS that serves as basis for decisions in agricultural water management. The soil properties have a big effect on the accuracy of the θv measurements. The use of only one calibration function, often provided by the manufacturers of the probes,

The AquaCrop model was evaluated considering a data set from a cowpea (BR3-Tracuateua cultivar) cultivation in Castanhal/Brazil under different irrigations during the reproductive phase, which is sensitive to water deficit. Data on leaf area index (LAI), soil water content (SWC), biomass, and final yield of two harvests were used for model calibration (2013) and validation (2014). LAI data were used

Water shortage restricts the development of jujube plantation in southern Xinjiang, and the application of water–saving irrigation technology is the key to solve this problem. This study investigated the response of irrigation water use efficiency to various irrigation technologies (vertical tube irrigation and surface drip irrigation) and jujube yield and quality, and to choose a suitable irrigation

Characterizing the soil moisture environment in the plantation ecosystems may provide substantial information for judging the stability of forests in relation to climate change. In this study, we explored the level and the variations of water availability, as well as their influence on tree water use in the long-term. This was achieved by monitoring in particular the volumetric soil water content (θ)

A field experiment was performed to evaluate the Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution using Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model that was used for mapping surface energy balance (SEB) components (net radiation (Rni), soil heat flux (Gi), sensible heat flux (Hi), and latent heat flux (LEi)) at times of Landsat satellite overpasses in conjunction with the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and

The study proposed a new crop water stress indicator - the mean value of Gaussian distribution of excess green index for maize canopy (MGDEXG) within an RGB image. A series of RGB images were collected in a maize field under varying levels of deficit irrigation during 2013, 2015 and 2016 growth seasons in northern Colorado. To evaluate the sensitivity of MGDEXG to maize water status, canopy temperature

Nitrogen (N) application is important for agricultural practical management. The study aimed to determine the impact of N application amount on maize growth, water and N use efficiency, and soil N residue under in-season mulched drip fertigation (M-DF) in semi-arid region with chilling damage. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and 2016 in northeast China, with six N application amounts including

The use of reclaimed or treated water from urban wastewater treatment plants for irrigation has been proposed as an alternative water source to address water scarcity issues in Europe. In this paper using agro-economic modelling, we analyse if treated water available for agriculture has the potential to reduce freshwater abstraction and, consequently, water stress. Implementing exogenous treated water

Recent droughts and subsequent reduction of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions have highlighted the necessity of altering surface irrigation techniques to modern methods of irrigation. The present study compares drip irrigation tubes with 60 and 75 cm spacing with the furrow irrigation prevalent in Hamedan province, Iran and investigates the effects of the former form of irrigation on the

Negative pressure irrigation (NPI), which is a new subsurface irrigation technique, promotes vegetable yield, water productivity (WP), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, it is not clear how NPI improves vegetable growth, especially in terms of water supply characteristics and uniformities of soil water and nitrogen. In this study, a cucumber pot experiment that had 0 kPa (PW1), –5 kPa (PW2)

Over 90% of Swedish agriculture is rainfed, and thus future climate change can pose a risk to agricultural production in coming decades. An overall increase in annual precipitation is predicted for northern Europe, but Sweden could still face an increasing need for irrigation, as shown by the drought summer of 2018. Adaptation of Swedish agriculture to include irrigated agriculture should thus be considered

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, temperature and nitrogen (N) are the key regulators of productivity and water use of plants under the changing climate. However, field scale studies on the interactive effect of the three above critical inputs are limited. Hence, this field study was conducted with three climate treatments (ambient (AC), elevated CO2 (eC, ~550 µmol mol−1) and co-elevation

In agriculture, soil evaporation is considered a loss of water, and crop transpiration is a crucial factor affecting crop growth and yield. Although there have been numerous studies on evapotranspiration (ET) on farmland, only a few have been conducted on field crop transpiration because of the difficulties in the direct measurement of transpiration and in separate evaluation of evaporation and transpiration

Over-exploitation of groundwater for agricultural irrigation has attracted worldwide attention because of the rapid groundwater depletion and environmental consequences induced by the current intensified cropping system. The combination of cropping system modeling with field experimentation is a powerful tool to evaluate the long-term consequences of changing water management and cropping systems under

Real evapotranspiration (ETr) plays a key role in water balance, especially for dry forest vegetation (Caatinga) and irrigated agricultural areas, as is the case in the Petrolina region located in the Brazilian semiarid region (BSAR). Population growth increases the need for food and the use of water resources, which are scarcer in semiarid regions. Thus, knowledge of the energy balance (EB) and radiative

Drip irrigation using fertilizers is one of the commonly used methods to save fertilizer and minimize the impacts of fertilizer on the soil and the environment. However, the clogging issue of drip fertigation systems has been the major limitation and may lead to system damage if fertilizer solution concentrations are not appropriately selected. Therefore, the head loss, flow rates, and clogging substances