Stable and sustainable grain production is an important guarantee for national security, economic development and social stability. Water and land are essential resources in irrigated agricultural systems. There is intricate relationship in Water, land and food nexus with large uncertainties involved therein. Sustainable agricultural development requires effective and coordinated management of the

Soil salinization is widespread and it hinders agricultural development in the loess hilly region of China. In this study, we determined the dynamic distribution of the soil salinity (SS) as well as its effects on maize (Zea mays L.) after rainstorm events in two land types produced by excavation and sediment deposition. Four treatments were tested comprising sediment deposited farmland without plastic

Water is a common resource shared by many agents or farmers in irrigation districts, where water management is, therefore, a very complex problem if the target is the equitable distribution of resources or the efficient use of water. This paper aims to present the design and implementation of an Irrigation Agent-Based Model (IABM) for the distribution of water in an irrigation district. In the IABM

This study aims to determine the effects and the response to irrigation regimes (i) rainfed, (ii) deficit irrigation (DI), and (iii) full irrigation (FI) on wine and grape skin, seed and aromatic composition of grapevine cv. Bobal. The results show that the deficit irrigation treatment can modulate some important parameters of grapes and wine colour, and the aromatic composition of the grapes, with

Cover cropping is practiced to enhance soil health and sustain succeeding crop yield; however, the effect of cover crop on soil water storage, succeeding crop yield, and water-use efficiency (WUE) may not be consistent in all regions. A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of cover crop on precipitation storage efficiency (PSE, the percent of precipitation that is stored in the soil

Drainage network efficiency plays a key role in terms of irrigation and control of floods generation in cultivated areas. A crucial aspect to consider in water resource and flood management risk is the assessment of the network storage capacity. The latter can be reduced by the uncontrolled growth of vegetation that can modify the ditch cross-section altering the hydrological response and network functionality

Global water resources are under tremendous pressure influenced by population growth and economic development. Considering that the agricultural sector accounts for the largest consumption and that China is one of the major agricultural countries, this study conducted an impact-oriented water footprint analysis to quantify the environmental burdens of crop production in China from a life cycle perspective

The response of soil moisture to precipitation is likely greatly affected by precipitation properties and plant communities via influencing hydrological processes linking atmosphere-vegetation-soil continuum. Nevertheless, few studies have been carried out to investigate these responds after revegetation on steep gully slope in arid and semi-arid regions. This study was conducted to quantify the response

Precipitation (P) and temperature (T) are important factors in agricultural studies, water resources, and ecosystems. Therefore, their accurate measurement and estimation are very important. In this study, GLDAS-AgMERRA, GLDAS-CRU, GLDAS-AgCFSR networked meteorological datasets were evaluated in estimating the yield and actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of wheat and maize plants and comparing them with

Intensification of groundwater irrigation is central to goals of improving food security and reducing chronic poverty faced by millions of rural households across the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EIGP) of Nepal and parts of eastern India. At present, levels of groundwater use and access in the EIGP lag far behind other areas of South Asia despite abundant available groundwater resources. A key reason

Timely and accurate detection of crop water stress is vital for precision irrigation. Whether the accuracy of the prevailing diagnosis of crop water stress using vegetation indices (VIs) and spectral reflectance can be improved still remains to be investigated. The crop surface characteristics such as grayscale or color vary under different water stress, so in this study one more variable, image texture

Plant-water relation is one of the key focus of Ecohydrology, and it usually presents specific characteristics varying with climate, species and soils based on field studies. The large-scale plant-water relations in the Pearl River Basin were previously analysed and the hotspot for water and vegetation changes was identified in the cropland-dominated region. Here, we focused in this region and analysed

Due to economic and environmental considerations, there exists a need for effective, efficient, and nondestructive methods for locating buried agricultural drainage pipes. Previous research indicates that thermal infrared (TIR) imagery obtained with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has potential for mapping agricultural subsurface drainage systems, thereby warranting further investigation to determine

Returning farmland to grasslands (RFG)to restore soil fertility and prevent land degradation in overused agricultural lands is an important measure. However, the hydrological processes, water consumption and utilization in field systems are undoubtedly changed in shallow groundwater areas owing to RFG. Experiments in the Hetao irrigation district, Inner Mongolia, China, during 2017 (2-yr for alfalfa)

Indicators based on evapotranspiration (ET) provide useful information about surface water status, response of vegetation to drought stress, and potential growth limitations. The capability of ET-based indicators, including actual ET and the evaporative stress index (ESI), to predict crop yields of spring barley and winter wheat was analyzed for 33 districts of the Czech Republic. In this study, the

Nowadays improving the method of design in agriculture using new technologies is a common issue. Irrigation system plays an important role in productivity and some new methods are proposed in this domain. As most of the proposed models are more focused on performance criteria, their obtained design have problems in terms of practicality and feasibility. This paper presents a simulation-optimization

A process-based crop model equipped with seasonal climate forecasts has been typically used to expect crop yields before or in the middle of the growing period. In this work, to consider the farmers’ risk-aversion behavior, we slightly shifted the typical focus to the risk associated with a crucial farming decision in a rainfed paddy rice field, the transplanting timing. Using a simple crop model and

Nowadays, water scarcity and the increase in energy demand and their associated costs in pressurized irrigation systems are causing serious challenges. In addition, most of these pressurized irrigation systems has been designed to be operated on-demand where irrigation water is continuously available to farmers complexing the daily decision-making process of the water user association’ managers. Know

Determination of wetting patterns’ dimensions is essential in designing and managing surface/subsurface drip irrigation systems. The laboratory experiments were conducted using physical model with dimensions of 3 × 1 × 0.5 m3 to evaluate the moisture redistribution process under continuous and pulse surface/subsurface irrigation systems. In the present study, the efficiency of a new machine learning

Several Surface Energy Balance (SEB) models are currently used to unleash the boundless potential of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. Their main output, namely the actual evapotranspiration (ETa), is required for the assessment of water budget at basin, regional and national levels. Still, the lack of the required expertise coupled with sometimes missing input

This study explored the effects of ammonia oxidizing bacterial (AOB) strain S2_7_25 on the compensatory growth of corn (Zea mays L.) upon post-drought rewatering using seedlings as test materials. This study consisted of two treatment conditions: isolation and screening of AOB strain and AOB strain inoculated to soils. Isolated and screened from soil, S2_7_25 had 100% similarity to Acinetobacter pittii

Panax notoginseng (Burk) F. H. Chen, called Sanqi, is a valuable herbal plant and is widely used in Chinese medicine. However, the yield and saponin content cannot be guaranteed due to irrational irrigation and fertilizer management in low-latitude regions in southwestern China. To obtain suitable irrigation and organic fertilizer modes for improving the yield and saponin content of the plant, a shelter

Irrigation has a great impact on global food security as it contributes to the majority of the world’s agricultural food supply. It is essential to judiciously utilize water resources through efficient irrigation management since the majority of U.S. groundwater aquifers are rapidly depleting. Thus, quantification of the relationships between water depletion and environmental factors is important for

Achieving high crop yield with less irrigation is important to improve water productivity (WP) and irrigation water productivity (IWP) in water-limited regions in the North China Plain (NCP). Coupling the impacts of precipitation and irrigation on the crop yield is, therefore, an essential tool for understanding crop response to different water sources and forecasting irrigation water requirements

Drought has been identified as a major threat restricting crop production worldwide. Silicon (Si), a beneficial element, has a proven role in enhancing plant tolerance against various biological and environmental stresses, especially drought. Two polyhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of seed priming and soil application of Si on growth, fruit yield, quality, and water productivity

Water deficit and conventional production mode limited agriculture sustainable development on the Loess Plateau. Crop rotation and conservation tillage appears to serve as an effective strategy to optimize water resources distribution and utilization. From 2007–2019, a 12-yr in-situ experiment consisting of three cropping systems (winter wheat continuous cropping, WW; winter wheat-spring maize rotation

Current irrigation water quality guidelines for sodicity hazard, in use since the 1980s, are based on assessments of salinity (Electrical conductivity, EC) and sodicity (Sodium Adsorption Ratio, SAR), where SAR considers the positive effects of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) against the adverse effects of sodium (Na) on soil permeability. Recent research and practice, however, have provided ample

The contribution of wastewater irrigation with the improvement of irrigation practices to the productivity of silage maize is a priority issue to investigate considering the saving of scarce freshwater resources and the necessity to dispose wastewater. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels (L100, L67 and L33) of recycled municipal wastewater (RW) compared to

Tracing the main sources and spatial distributions of pollutants and quantifying the effects of various factors on soil erosion and pollution loads are important to allow appropriate management systems to be developed for large complex watersheds and allow water pollution to be controlled efficiently and economically. A distributed water, sediment, and pollutant model was used to qualitatively and

Projected changes to rainfall patterns may exacerbate existing risks posed by flooding. Furthermore, increased surface runoff from agricultural land increases pollution through nutrient losses. Agricultural systems are complex because they are managed in individual fields, and it is impractical to provide resources to monitor their water fluxes. In this respect, modelling provides an inexpensive tool

The spatiotemporal patterns of evapotranspiration (ET) are the basic problem of the circulation of water resources. Several studies have reported the spatiotemporal patterns of ET. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis of seasonal ET patterns over large areas, and the factors affecting ET under variable environmental conditions are still uncertain. In this study, flux observation data was

Knowledge about potato yield responses to water supply at low, optimum and high levels is required to inform supplemental irrigation (SI), but short-term irrigation experiments may not produce this knowledge in a humid environment because of the difficulty in accurately controlling water supply with uncertain precipitation. This study was conducted to characterize potato yield responses to water supply

Artificial subsurface drainage impacts the hydrological system, but its spatial distribution is typically uncertain, hindering the understanding of the hydrological behaviour of a certain catchment. In this study, the effects of using four different sources to delineate the spatial distribution of subsurface drainage systems on hydrological modelling performance and simulated water balance were assessed

Jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) is an annual crop grown for human consumption of its nutritious leaves in many regions of the world. Despite its importance for household food security and farmers’ income, reliable information on the crop’s water requirements is still quite scarce. To overcome this knowledge gap, the irrigation needs of jute mallow grown in the Akkar region in Syria were investigated

We study water use by two geographically proximate farmers in a particular region during a drought. The two farmers each have an endowment of time that can be used either to produce water or to steal water. The price of water is exogenously given. The goal of the two farmers is to maximize their wealth from water production and water theft. In this setting, we perform three tasks. First, we determine

Residues from the polyethylene (PE) film mulch (PM) in the south of China have caused severe soil pollution and reduction of crop yield. Biodegradable film mulch (BM) has been considered as a good alternative to PM for many crops, but its suitability for winter-planting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and the effects of its residues after incorporation on soil and succeeding crop have not been fully

The relationship between different rainfall types, different soil management practices, and soil erosion is not yet fully understood. In-situ observations of soil and water loss on sloping farmland in the red soil region of southern China with a subtropical monsoon environment were taken at 12 runoff plots with four treatments, i.e, downslope ridges, downslope ridges with hedgerow intercropping, contour

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is an important means by which the water use efficiency (WUE) of peanut can be improved and facilitates the sustainable development of the peanut industry. However, most studies of RDI have only focused on single growth periods, which the water-saving potential. In this study, continuous regulated deficit irrigation (CRDI) was used to significantly improve the WUE

Different irrigation treatments in plants significantly influence CO2 emissions. This study investigated the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and yield of maize cropland under different irrigation treatments to determine the optimal irrigation treatment at different maize growth stages. Different degrees of water deficit irrigation were carried out in four fields: full irrigation, 100% evapotranspiration

The control of soil nutrient loss to lighten non-point source pollution to water body and improve soil fertility is a global problem. Biochar application to soil is widely considered as an effective method to improve soil fertility and reduce nutrient loss. However, the effect of biochar application to barren karst yellow soil in global karst regions on the loss of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P)

Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge (Ag-MAR) is an emerging MAR technique that uses agricultural fields as percolation basins to recharge the underlying aquifers. Ag-MAR can be a beneficial solution for storing excess surface water, however, if not managed properly it can potentially harm the soil and crops planted on the field at the time of recharge, ultimately leading to yield loss. Root zone

Agricultural drought is generally defined as a deficit in soil moisture, and can affect plant growth and crop yields. Accurate prediction of agricultural drought with sufficient lead time can aid agricultural planning and reduce losses in agricultural production. In this study, the meta-Gaussian model was employed to predict agricultural drought (standardized soil moisture index, or SSI) during spring

Laser land levelling is expanding rapidly in the rice-wheat (RW) and maize-wheat (MW) systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains of India and Pakistan. Current practice is to level to zero (0%) gradient, whereas a small gradient (e.g. 0.1%) is typically used in developed countries. Therefore, experiments were conducted in farmers’ plots (~15 m x 40 m) in the Eastern Gangetic Plains to evaluate laser levelling

Climate change led to increased temperature and variable rainfall, which may pose great threats to both agricultural productions and environmental impacts. In this study, we aim to explore how changing climate and its extremes in the 20th and 21st-century influence system water use efficiency (sWUE) of a corn-soybean cropping rotation in a humid sub-tropic environment, and how much can cover crops

Research is ongoing to increase our understanding on the mechanisms responsible for the variation in energy fluxes in greenhouses. In this study, a four-year experiment (2016, 2017, 2019, and 2020) was carried out to investigate the energy budget for drip-irrigated tomato plants in a greenhouse, where the latent heat flux (λET) was measured by two weighing lysimeters. Factors that determine energy

A large amount of continuous input data is used to estimate groundwater level (GWL) by using machine learning models. However, data collection is very difficult and costly in undeveloped countries. Therefore, obtaining a general model and using less input data is the key to popularizing the application of machine learning models for estimating groundwater levels. This study evaluated the potential

The productivity of sugarcane is limited by several biotic and abiotic stresses, of which drought is an important environmental stress, causing substantial yield losses especially in tropical parts of the world. The present day sugarcane cultivars are derivatives of interspecific hybrids involving Saccharum officinarum and S. spontaneum and the drought tolerance is governed by S. sponaneum. Of late

Nitrogen pollution from paddy fields is a main contributor to global non-point source (NPS) pollution and greatly increases the risks of surface water eutrophication and groundwater contamination. This study assesses the comprehensive transport and transformation of water and nitrogen (TTWN) for a 4-year irrigation and urea application in the paddy field using 6 water balance components and 12 nitrogen

Crude protein (CP) and fiber are the two most important quality traits of forage crops, and accurately estimating them under water and salt stress is of great significance to the production of high-quality alfalfa. However, there is seldom an applicable quality model. Here, we conducted pot and plot experiments under three irrigation amounts (full irrigation W1, moderate water deficit W2, and severe

Excessive water and fertilizer input in conventional farming practices not only lead to low production but also damaged the ecosystem by causing groundwater decline and groundwater nitrate contamination. The two-year field experiments were conducted at Zhengzhou of China and TandoJam of Pakistan sites, respectively. The WHCNS (soil-water-heat-carbon-nitrogen-simulator) model was used to simulate soil

Groundwater is an important source for domestic drinking, agriculture, and industrial activities. However, arsenic and nitrate contamination in groundwater are major world problem and public health concern. This research aimed to evaluate the concentration and spatial distribution of arsenic and nitrate in groundwater of 22 cultivated villages of Chahardoli Plain of Iran by geostatistical techniques