(2021). Editorial. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 1-1.

(2021). Sponsorship. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 3-4.

SUMMARY The occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province of China in December 2019, has now spread to all continents – including Africa. The coronaviruses, which are a family of ribonucleic acid viruses, circulate in both mammals and birds. The COVID-19 virus has been suggested to emanate from wildlife with the likelihood of zoonotic transfer

(2021). Summaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 191-219.

(2021). World’s Poultry Science Association. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 221-228.

(2021). Association news. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 229-233.

(2021). Calendar. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 235-236.

(2021). Education and training. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 237-239.

(2021). Instructions for Authors. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 241-244.

SUMMARY The world’s population is expected to reach 9.8 billion people by 2050. Increases in population size, coupled with socio-economic changes such as urbanisation, age demographics, and increasing affluence levels, will double the demand for poultry products by 2050. The primary objective of agribusiness is to ensure food security for the global population at affordable prices. Concurrently, there

SUMMARY Poultry production generates a huge volume of wastes from hatchery, poultry farm, processing plant, etc., which carry potential health hazards as they lead to air, water and land pollution. Disposal of these wastes by processing and recycling offers greater scope. Hatchery waste meal contains up to 44.63% of crude protein and 26.46% of crude fat and hence can be profitably used as an animal

SUMMARY The production quantity of poultry products is increasing in the world economy with every passing day. The increase in chick quality is synonymous with the increase in the number of saleable chicks in terms of the poultry industry. In addition, in order to obtain high-quality products, one should start production with high-quality chicks as well as providing the ideal environmental conditions

SUMMARY Broiler chickens eat more feed and grow faster than layer chickens. However, hyperphagia-induced excessive accumulation of body fat in broiler chickens has become a serious problem in the modern poultry industry. Species specificity in terms of the physiological role of appetite-regulating hormones and neuropeptides can make it difficult to understand the mechanisms underlying the central regulation

SUMMARY Kadaknath is the most popular native chicken breed of India. This breed is experiencing higher demand due to its unique characteristics and perceived health benefits of its meat and eggs. The entire bird including plumage, skin, shank, and internal organs is black. The black colour of this bird is due to hyperpigmentation associated with the fibromelanosis character. Three varieties of the

SUMMARY The present study aims to gather the research carried out worldwide in the last two decades with the use of olive pomace in the diet of broilers, laying hens and laying quails to highlight the nutritional importance of such biomass and its effective use in poultry nutrition. The olive pomace from the extraction of olive oil has important chemical properties from a nutritional standpoint such

SUMMARY The potential growth of the poultry industry was halted globally during COVID-19 although poultry birds were not affected directly by the virus. Distress in the poultry industry during the pandemic is primarily due to restriction of movement imposed on various items such as poultry feed, chicks, medicine and vaccines, and poultry products both locally and globally particularly in Asia, where

SUMMARY Feed formulation has gone through vast improvements from simple hand formulations to computerised formulations using modern software equipped with advanced capabilities, which allows for high accuracy, easy integration, and flexibility. In general, modern commercial feed formulations are based on the concept of ‘least-cost’ and produced using linear programming. Several challenges are encountered

SUMMARY Meat-type chickens (broilers) are highly prone to oxidative stress because of genetic selection for their growth rate and because of the environmental conditions in which they are reared. Oxidative stress has significant impacts on chicken meat quality and safety. As such, antioxidants are often added to the diets of chickens to prevent oxidative stress and to ensure the quality and safety

SUMMARY Goose keeping can expand the choice of basic food materials and provides materials (feather and down) for light industry. There are various ways to produce goose meat using preferably white feathered breeds. Intensively reared broiler geese attain a slaughter weight of 5 kg by 56–63 days of age; under semi-intensive keeping they reach a slaughter weight of 6 kg by 16 weeks of age, and under

SUMMARY Egg shell breakage is and remains a source of economic loss to the egg producer. In general, about 3% of the eggs laid by hens housed in battery cages or in free-run systems have cracked shells. This number increases about another 1% for hens kept in enriched cages or housed free-range and a further 1 to 2% for those in aviaries. The range of cracked shells reported was from 2 to 12%, but there

SUMMARY Avian coccidiosis is an important parasitic disease of birds, caused by genus Eimeria, and having great economic importance. The estimated global economic loss due to coccidiosis is up to US$3 billion annually. Approximately 80% of these losses are associated with performance parameters, including decreased weight gain, heavy mortality, poor feed conversion ratio and the remaining 20% of losses

SUMMARY The occurrence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province of China in December 2019, has now spread to all continents – including Africa. The coronaviruses, which are a family of ribonucleic acid viruses, circulate in both mammals and birds. The COVID-19 virus has been suggested to emanate from wildlife with the likelihood of zoonotic transfer

SUMMARY Feed energy is an important production factor in poultry, representing 75% of the total cost of feed. Therefore, maximising energy digestion and utilisation is essential for cost-effectiveness and sustainability in poultry production. Consequently, accurate energy evaluation of raw material and animal requirements for energy is valuable for precision feeding and optimised benefits in growing

SUMMARY Coccidiosis remains a major disease and economic challenge for the global poultry industry. Coccidiosis in chickens is caused by seven Eimeria species that target specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract and cause malabsorptive or haemorrhagic disease. These Eimeria species infect segment-specific epithelial cells and thus need to navigate the host’s indigenous microbiome and intestinal

SUMMARY Birds ingest ethanol when farmers feed it to treat mild respiratory infections and to improve the feed conversion ratio (FCR) or when birds are exposed to ethanol as avian models in alcohol-related studies. The literature reviewed indicates that feed intake is not influenced when ethanol is offered at <1% in feed and <5% in drinking water. However, after ingestion of ethanol at 2 ml/day (40%

SUMMARY Global chicken-meat production is projected to expand substantially in the coming decades to meet demand. Given the drought-tolerant properties of sorghum, coupled with the challenges of climate change, the use of sorghum as a feed grain for broiler chickens could markedly increase as, presently, the use of sorghum for this indication is limited. A mean crude protein concentration of 92.9 g/kg

SUMMARY Foodborne transmission of Salmonella spp. from contaminated duck meat has been recognised as an important hazard for human health in the past few decades and pathogenic strains of Salmonella spp. have long been considered as serious zoonotic hazards. The nutritional quality is the main reason for the fact that duck meat is very attractive for consumers worldwide, so measures to preserve the

SUMMARY Poultry production has gained in importance in South Africa due to its acceptability, consumption and demand across the nation. Poultry products are a major source of protein and an important means of income. This review paper assesses the current status, constraints and intervention of indigenous chickens. Since the inception of the South Africa Poultry Association (SAPA) in the early 1900s

SUMMARY Cryptosporidium is regarded as one of the neglected, zoonotic, food and water-borne protozoal pathogens. Cryptosporidium species (C.) have been reported from more than 30 species of domestic, wild and captive birds. Human interaction with birds may cause zoonotic spread of Cryptosporidium spp., leading to high morbidities and even mortalities in both immune-competent and immune-compromised

SUMMARY Cryptosporidium is regarded as one of the neglected, zoonotic, food and water-borne protozoal pathogens. Cryptosporidium species (C.) have been reported from more than 30 species of domestic, wild and captive birds. Human interaction with birds may cause zoonotic spread of Cryptosporidium spp., leading to high morbidities and even mortalities in both immune-competent and immune-compromised

SUMMARY Poultry production has gained in importance in South Africa due to its acceptability, consumption and demand across the nation. Poultry products are a major source of protein and an important means of income. This review paper assesses the current status, constraints and intervention of indigenous chickens. Since the inception of the South Africa Poultry Association (SAPA) in the early 1900s

SUMMARY High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment at the pressure and temperature range of 300–450 MPa and 0–50°C for up to 30 min can be used successfully to inactivate several bacteria in liquid whole egg (LWE). On the other hand, to avoid egg protein coagulation, pressure levels ≤ 300 MPa and temperature levels ≤ 20°C should be selected and holding times ≤ 5 min are desirable for commercial HHP

SUMMARY High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment at the pressure and temperature range of 300–450 MPa and 0–50°C for up to 30 min can be used successfully to inactivate several bacteria in liquid whole egg (LWE). On the other hand, to avoid egg protein coagulation, pressure levels ≤ 300 MPa and temperature levels ≤ 20°C should be selected and holding times ≤ 5 min are desirable for commercial HHP

(2020). Editorial. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 715-715.

(2020). Sponsorship. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 717-718.

SUMMARY Poultry is now the most consumed meat, in terms of volume. A main factor for the continuous increase of poultry production is the huge development of cut pieces and processed products. The nutritional quality of such products is quite variable. For example, the protein and lipid contents of chicken nuggets are between 9.8 and 31.0% and 7.5 and 25.0%, respectively. Different ingredients, such

SUMMARY Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an enteric disease of poultry caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). The incidence of NE has increased in several countries as a result of restrictions on the use of in-feed antibiotics. This disease may be triggered by a combination of coccidiosis and the presence of undigested nutrients in the hindgut providing nutrients and high pH that favour the

SUMMARY Newcastle disease (ND) is an OIE listed viral infection that has spread throughout developed and underdeveloped countries, either as an endemic or epizootic disease. ND has been endemic in several developing countries in non-integrated poultry production systems. Serological baselines of poultry diseases can be established and monitored as a useful and reliable tool to design effective strategies

SUMMARY Algae represent a large and new source of nutrients with other health benefits as supplements in animal feed formulations. ‘Algae’ is a generic term that groups brown, green, and red types of both macro- and micro-algae. These marine plants may play a key role in the future for poultry production, as they constitute a new and valuable nutrient source, thanks to their nutritional composition

SUMMARY Domestic quail (Coturnix japonica domestica) is a domesticated gallinaceous bird that originated in East Asia with ancestor the wild Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Subsequently, to domestication, quail have undergone a number of morphological, ethological and productive changes that make them quite different from those of their wild ancestors. These reflect greater intraspecific differences

SUMMARY The purpose of any supplement in the diet is to take advantage of its beneficial effects on performance, development, health, with the aim of stabilisation of digestion along with improved feed efficiency. Aloe vera is one such supplement. Its use has increased in nutrition and veterinary uses because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic and antifungal

SUMMARY Double-yolked (DY) eggs are a rare phenomenon in domestic poultry and game birds, generally ~1-2% of the eggs are DY over the laying cycle. The production of such eggs is influenced by several factors from which the most important ones include genetics, selection for multiple ovulations, female age, light exposure and nutrition. It is known that higher body weight is the result of selection

SUMMARY Adaptive immune responses in poultry against the invading parasites are complex, involving both specific and non-specific immunity. Attempts in finding new vaccine candidates for Eimeria parasite infection control are continuing, and any promising candidates that have been discovered so far are only effective against homologous infection. Different genes are involved in coccidiosis protection

SUMMARY Broilers are subject to adverse environmental conditions, especially temperature, which decreases performance and increases disease vulnerability. Understanding how the mechanisms involved in thermoregulation of the embryo function is essential for improving production. Studies have shown that thermal manipulation should occur late during embryonic development (14th to 18th day of incubation)

(2020). Summaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 853-877.

(2020). World’s Poultry Science Association. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 879-885.

(2020). Association news. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 887-891.

(2020). Obituary. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 893-893.

(2020). Calendar. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 895-897.

(2020). Education and training. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 899-901.

(2020). Editorial. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 439-439.

(2020). Sponsorship. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 441-442.

SUMMARY Commercial poultry hatcheries potentially provide a sanitary barrier between breeder flocks and their progeny. This is important, particularly within the pyramid breeding structures in integrated poultry production systems. However, the operation of hatcheries and their focal position connected with multiple flocks, both on the input and output sides, means that they are vulnerable to being

(2020). Summaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 657-693.

(2020). World’s Poultry Science Association. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 695-700.

(2020). Association news. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 701-705.

(2020). Obituaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 707-708.

(2020). Calendar. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 709-710.

(2020). Education and training. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 711-714.

(2020). Editorial. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 233-233.