The impact of Dermanyssus gallinae infestation on poultry health and production has driven the poultry industry to look for efficient control measures to be incorporated in integrated pest management (IPM). Attempts have been employed to control, if not, eliminate the infestation which includes application of chemicals, implementation of biological and/or physical measures, vaccination, or use of plant-derived

A large amount of existing evidence shows that the micro- and macrostructure of feed has a strong influence on the function, development and health of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which, in turn, affects the performance of poultry birds. Notably, the majority of data corresponding to feed structure-induced changes in the productivity of birds has been generated from studies using broiler chickens

SUMMARY Feather pecking (FP) by laying hens is a significant welfare issue in the poultry industry. Pecking at and pulling out feathers of conspecifics can seriously reduce the well-being of birds and causes economic losses for the farmer. Records of FP in laying hen flocks from the last 20 years show a prevalence of between 24% and 94%. Several research groups worldwide have hypothesised about the

Understanding the expression of genes influencing low and high residual feed intake (RFI) is required to elucidate the basic molecular mechanism influencing feed efficiency. Molecular mechanisms affecting RFI are controlled by many factors, such as neural signals, hormones, mitochondrial efficiency, metabolic pathways and nitrogen recycling. This review covers different aspects of molecular mechanisms

In order to meet the high demand for eggs, poultry producers are using certain feed strategies, which can increase production, but may indirectly cause metabolic and other stress in the birds. To overcome these issues, natural plant extracts and ingredients, such as turmeric, can be added to the diet. The inclusion of turmeric, which has various beneficial properties, at levels of 0.75% and 1% in the

In Kuwait, per capita consumption of poultry meat was 64.4 kg/cap/yr from 2004 to 2016. This indicates the high demand for poultry meat in Kuwait, which cannot be met by local production alone. The Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) has conducted poultry research projects into high-quality and added-value poultry products, which could be utilised to enhance competitiveness in Kuwait production

The justification for the chicken-meat industry to develop reduced-crude protein (CP) diets is compelling. Environment pollution by nitrogen and ammonia emissions can be improved, as a dietary reduction of 25 g/kg CP has been shown to generate a 25.8% reduction in N excretion. Bird welfare can be enhanced, as lower CP excretion improves litter quality and lessens the incidence of foot-pad dermatitis

Worldwide, commercial laying hens are frequently being used for only one production cycle mainly due to a decline in egg quality and/or egg quantity at 70–80 weeks of age. Extending the production cycle of these hens by improving or maintaining their egg quality and laying persistency could lead to both economic and environmental benefits as well as a more sustainable egg industry. Laying performance

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with diverse physiological functions related to cellular homoeostasis, body metabolism and antioxidant defence. Se is an integral constituent of at least 25 selenoproteins in the body that regulate cellular redox and antioxidant defence enzymes systems control free radicles of reactive oxygen species . Dietary Se plays key role in immunity, growth and fertility

In recent years, the roundworm Ascaridia galli has been found to be the most common poultry parasite, with 64.8% prevalence in flocks globally. It causes a 60–84% decrease in egg and meat production. Profitability is reduced without proper control of A. galli, and a wide range of chemically synthetic anthelmintics are commonly used. Emergence of drug resistance in nematodes has made scientists search

The incidence of non-infectious skeletal disorders has been reported to increase over the past decade. Both genetic selection and rearing conditions cause skeletal disorders in the broilers. The rapid increase in broiler body weight, along with weakened, immature tissues, causes deformations by putting extra load on the skeletal system. Non-infectious skeletal disorders found in commercial broilers

There is considerable interest in the development of reduced protein diets with supplemental amino acids (AAs) for broiler chickens due to economic, environmental, health and bird welfare advantages. Lowering levels of protein, or using local sources, which may be more poorly digested or have an unbalanced AA profile, has implications for both animal performance and health. However, reduced protein

As a consequence of global warming and food security issues, heat stress has become an emerging problem. Heat stress causes huge economic losses in the broiler industry that negatively affects the production performance of chickens. Therefore, a variety of strategies have been examined for mitigating the heat stress problem. Among these strategies, the use of prebiotics has received increasing interest

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

The modern broiler chicken industry is connected with various disorders of the skeletal system. The fast-growing birds by increased weight gain often have leg problem which leads to economic losses. The correct bone development of broilers is highly correlated with calcium and phosphorus ratio (about 2:1) so providing these macroelements with diet seemed to be fundamental. The most common inorganic

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Retraction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

(2020). Editorial. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 1-1.

(2020). Sponsorship. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 171-172.

(2020). Summaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 173-204.

(2020). Calendar. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 205-207.

(2020). World’s Poultry Science Association. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 208-214.

(2020). Association News. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 215-224.

(2020). New Books. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 225-226.

(2020). Education and training. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 227-231.

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) conducted a survey study in 2017 to assess the status of production and technologies used in broilers, layers, broiler breeders and other poultry species (such as ducks and quails) in Kuwait. Survey data were collected from 42 specialised poultry farms and poultry holdings in 11 mixed agriculture farms, using a questionnaire. Most of the specialised poultry

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a perennial and autogamous plant belonging to Umbelliferae family, which grows in Central Asia and Europe. It is a medicinal plant, with seeds and oil used in treating several diseases and is employed in the human food industry. Reduction of blood sugar and anticancer effects are the main therapeutic properties of black cumin oil. Hypoglycaemia and hypocholesterolemia

Silybum marianum (SM) and its compounds are used as dietary supplements to improve the performance and health of chicks especially when fed broiler diets contaminated with aflatoxins. Use of SM derivatives from 0.2% to 0.8% in feed had no negative effects on the performance of broilers, but increasing SM level to 15% reduced average body weight (1620.02 g) compared to control groups (1815.04 g). Feed

Table egg production is a rapidly growing agricultural sector in the world, although is at a much lower level in Serbia. The total number of poultry in Serbia in 2018 was 16,232,000 birds, of which laying hens comprised 66.58%, broilers 30.05%, turkeys 1.27%, geese 0.46%, ducks 1.03% and other types of poultry 0.61%. The numbers of eggs in Serbia in 2018 decreased by 7.47% compared to 2006 production

Sumac (Rhus coriaria) is a potential feed supplement, which contains highly bioactive compounds with strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Sumac fruits have a wide range of beneficial effects on the productive performance of poultry. At approximately 0.2% inclusion level, sumac improved broiler growth and feed efficiency by 3% and 4%, respectively. Sumac has

The first documented outbreaks of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in ostriches were reported in zoo birds in the 1950s. Newcastle disease (ND) causes economic losses in the form of morbidity and mortality as well as expenses incurred for vaccination, diagnosis and disease treatment. Avian paramyxovirus type 1 causes lethal disease in ostriches with morbidity and mortality >50% and 80–85%, respectively

With the current bans and limitations on antibiotics as growth promoters, feed additives, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and organic acids are widely used to inhibit the effects of pathogenic microorganisms on poultry health. Recently, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have become a focus of attention due to their potentially favourable antimicrobial effects. Fatty acids with a chain length between

Major feed ingredients, like maize and soya, and land resources are used by both humans and animals, causing competition and affecting costs. To make the poultry industry profitable, it is important to prevent wastage of feed, and feed efficiency is therefore important. Residual feed intake (RFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) are two measures of feed efficiency used to assess production efficiency

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is immediate substrate for biosynthesis of creatine (CREA). The phosphorylated form of CREA serves as a rapidly mobilisable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle to recycle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and replenish cellular energy levels. Aside from improving energy utilisation, GAA possesses several features which further enhance its value as a feed additive

Chromolaena odorata (commonly known as Jack in the Bush, a thoroughwort of the Aster family) contains polyphenols and antioxidant enzymes that activate biology defence mechanisms and stress-sensing transcription factors to prevent oxidative damage and heat stress in chicken. Dietary inclusions of C. odorata leaf meal at 12%, and C. odorata crude flavonoids at 400 mg/kg/d have been shown to exert competitive

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease of poultry causing great economic losses to the poultry industry. The disease is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and is characterised by bursal lesions, atrophy and immunosuppression. The causal virus targets B lymphocytes and is transmitted mainly by faecal-oral routes through ingestion of contaminated feed and water

The cumulated effects of domestication and subsequent selection by humans have led to impressive diversification of the chicken at the phenotypic as well as the genome level. In theory, selection may reach a plateau when all favourable alleles have reached fixation. Yet, current data for poultry show that the selection response can still take place after 50 generations or more. The mechanisms maintaining

Double-yolked (DY) eggs have been mostly described in domestic precocial species, and are rarely found in nature. It is estimated that 1–3% of domestic hen and duck eggs are DY. They occur when two yolks are encapsulated in a single shell and therefore differ from single yolked (SY) eggs in their external and internal characteristics. In previous decades DY eggs were distinguished from SY eggs only

Green tea is of interest due to its high content of pharmacologically active ingredients such as catechins, flavanols, flavadiols, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Green tea contains many polyphenolic compounds such as epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate. The inclusion of green tea as a feed additive has been shown to improve growth performance and overall

Cadmium is a heavy metal and non-essential in animal nutrition. In practice, cadmium toxicity is quite rare in farm animals because the level in commercial diets is very low. However, cadmium-contaminated feedstuffs in the diet may cause toxicity. When it is absorbed from the digestive system, it accumulates in the body tissues, primarily the kidneys and liver, and causes metabolic and physiological

Supplementing broiler diets with medicinal mushrooms is considered an effective alternative to prophylactic antibiotics. Feeding certain mushrooms may have beneficial effects on gut health in broilers, whereby trials have shown weight gain was increased about 5.2% when feeding 5% of the Hericium caput-medusae mushrooms in the diet. Both Salmonella spp. and E. coli numbers in the caecum were significantly

Marek’s disease (MD) is one of the re-emerging diseases in Indian poultry. MD outbreaks are reported from different parts of the country in spite of vaccination, causing major economic losses. Flock mortality of 10–40% have still been observed in vaccinated flocks during outbreaks, although MD is considered to be well controlled with vaccination. Almost 100% of the commercial poultry flocks are vaccinated

Environmental factors, both positive and negative, experienced by breeder hens during their reproductive life, can have significant influence on the productive efficiency and health of their progeny. This is particularly important considering that commercial chicken meat birds spend a significant proportion of their life in ovo, and alteration to the in ovo environment can permanently ‘program’ progeny

(2020). Letter to the editor. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 168-170.

(2020). Correction. World's Poultry Science Journal. Ahead of Print.

The local domestic geese breed of Kashmir Valley has now been registered as a recognized breed named ‘Kashmir Anz’, making it the first and the only recognized domestic geese breed in India as of now. Geese rearing in the Valley dates back to ancient times. They are reared for meat and eggs and as a hobby in areas located around freshwater bodies. Kashmir Anz geese are cinnamon, white, and a mixture

Alfalfa meal is used in poultry diets because of its content of pigments, protein and secondary metabolites. On average, alfalfa meal contains 17–20% crude protein, 1650 kcal/kg metabolisable energy, 20–25% crude cellulose, 1.50% calcium, 0.25% total phosphorus, 0.70% lysine and 0.25% methionine, depending on the quality of the alfalfa meal. Alfalfa meal with a high content of beta carotene and xanthophyll

Much research has been conducted to mitigate the impact of conventional production systems on broilers welfare, but nearly all of these studies are based on the development of strategies to improve performance parameters in temperate regions, making it difficult to implement such approaches in tropical environments. Stocking density is one of the main housing variables that influences the birds’ development

SUMMARY The genetic selection of broilers over the past 60 years has focused narrowly and intensely on production traits, namely growth rate and feed efficiency. This has led to significant welfare problems in birds grown for meat, including leg disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and resulting high mortality rates, while the breeder birds are subjected to severe feed restriction. Bone problems such