SUMMARY Coccidiosis remains a major disease and economic challenge for the global poultry industry. Coccidiosis in chickens is caused by seven Eimeria species that target specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract and cause malabsorptive or haemorrhagic disease. These Eimeria species infect segment-specific epithelial cells and thus need to navigate the host’s indigenous microbiome and intestinal

SUMMARY Birds ingest ethanol when farmers feed it to treat mild respiratory infections and to improve the feed conversion ratio (FCR) or when birds are exposed to ethanol as avian models in alcohol-related studies. The literature reviewed indicates that feed intake is not influenced when ethanol is offered at <1% in feed and <5% in drinking water. However, after ingestion of ethanol at 2 ml/day (40%

SUMMARY Global chicken-meat production is projected to expand substantially in the coming decades to meet demand. Given the drought-tolerant properties of sorghum, coupled with the challenges of climate change, the use of sorghum as a feed grain for broiler chickens could markedly increase as, presently, the use of sorghum for this indication is limited. A mean crude protein concentration of 92.9 g/kg

SUMMARY Foodborne transmission of Salmonella spp. from contaminated duck meat has been recognised as an important hazard for human health in the past few decades and pathogenic strains of Salmonella spp. have long been considered as serious zoonotic hazards. The nutritional quality is the main reason for the fact that duck meat is very attractive for consumers worldwide, so measures to preserve the

SUMMARY Poultry production has gained in importance in South Africa due to its acceptability, consumption and demand across the nation. Poultry products are a major source of protein and an important means of income. This review paper assesses the current status, constraints and intervention of indigenous chickens. Since the inception of the South Africa Poultry Association (SAPA) in the early 1900s

SUMMARY Cryptosporidium is regarded as one of the neglected, zoonotic, food and water-borne protozoal pathogens. Cryptosporidium species (C.) have been reported from more than 30 species of domestic, wild and captive birds. Human interaction with birds may cause zoonotic spread of Cryptosporidium spp., leading to high morbidities and even mortalities in both immune-competent and immune-compromised

SUMMARY High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment at the pressure and temperature range of 300–450 MPa and 0–50°C for up to 30 min can be used successfully to inactivate several bacteria in liquid whole egg (LWE). On the other hand, to avoid egg protein coagulation, pressure levels ≤ 300 MPa and temperature levels ≤ 20°C should be selected and holding times ≤ 5 min are desirable for commercial HHP

(2020). Editorial. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 715-715.

(2020). Sponsorship. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 717-718.

SUMMARY Poultry is now the most consumed meat, in terms of volume. A main factor for the continuous increase of poultry production is the huge development of cut pieces and processed products. The nutritional quality of such products is quite variable. For example, the protein and lipid contents of chicken nuggets are between 9.8 and 31.0% and 7.5 and 25.0%, respectively. Different ingredients, such

SUMMARY Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an enteric disease of poultry caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens). The incidence of NE has increased in several countries as a result of restrictions on the use of in-feed antibiotics. This disease may be triggered by a combination of coccidiosis and the presence of undigested nutrients in the hindgut providing nutrients and high pH that favour the

SUMMARY Newcastle disease (ND) is an OIE listed viral infection that has spread throughout developed and underdeveloped countries, either as an endemic or epizootic disease. ND has been endemic in several developing countries in non-integrated poultry production systems. Serological baselines of poultry diseases can be established and monitored as a useful and reliable tool to design effective strategies

SUMMARY Algae represent a large and new source of nutrients with other health benefits as supplements in animal feed formulations. ‘Algae’ is a generic term that groups brown, green, and red types of both macro- and micro-algae. These marine plants may play a key role in the future for poultry production, as they constitute a new and valuable nutrient source, thanks to their nutritional composition

SUMMARY Domestic quail (Coturnix japonica domestica) is a domesticated gallinaceous bird that originated in East Asia with ancestor the wild Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Subsequently, to domestication, quail have undergone a number of morphological, ethological and productive changes that make them quite different from those of their wild ancestors. These reflect greater intraspecific differences

SUMMARY The purpose of any supplement in the diet is to take advantage of its beneficial effects on performance, development, health, with the aim of stabilisation of digestion along with improved feed efficiency. Aloe vera is one such supplement. Its use has increased in nutrition and veterinary uses because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic and antifungal

SUMMARY Double-yolked (DY) eggs are a rare phenomenon in domestic poultry and game birds, generally ~1-2% of the eggs are DY over the laying cycle. The production of such eggs is influenced by several factors from which the most important ones include genetics, selection for multiple ovulations, female age, light exposure and nutrition. It is known that higher body weight is the result of selection

SUMMARY Adaptive immune responses in poultry against the invading parasites are complex, involving both specific and non-specific immunity. Attempts in finding new vaccine candidates for Eimeria parasite infection control are continuing, and any promising candidates that have been discovered so far are only effective against homologous infection. Different genes are involved in coccidiosis protection

SUMMARY Broilers are subject to adverse environmental conditions, especially temperature, which decreases performance and increases disease vulnerability. Understanding how the mechanisms involved in thermoregulation of the embryo function is essential for improving production. Studies have shown that thermal manipulation should occur late during embryonic development (14th to 18th day of incubation)

(2020). Summaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 853-877.

(2020). World’s Poultry Science Association. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 879-885.

(2020). Association news. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 887-891.

(2020). Obituary. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 893-893.

(2020). Calendar. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 895-897.

(2020). Education and training. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 899-901.

(2020). Editorial. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 439-439.

(2020). Sponsorship. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 441-442.

SUMMARY Commercial poultry hatcheries potentially provide a sanitary barrier between breeder flocks and their progeny. This is important, particularly within the pyramid breeding structures in integrated poultry production systems. However, the operation of hatcheries and their focal position connected with multiple flocks, both on the input and output sides, means that they are vulnerable to being

(2020). Summaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 657-693.

(2020). World’s Poultry Science Association. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 695-700.

(2020). Association news. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 701-705.

(2020). Obituaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 707-708.

(2020). Calendar. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 709-710.

(2020). Education and training. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 711-714.

(2020). Editorial. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 233-233.

(2020). Sponsorship. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 235-236.

(2020). Summaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 383-411.

(2020). World’s Poultry Science Association. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 412-418.

(2020). Association news. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 423-428.

(2020). Obituaries. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 425-427.

(2020). Calendar. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 428-431.

(2020). Education and training. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 435-438.

Day of hatch and pre-slaughter processing are stressful events (involving selection, handling and transport) for broiler chickens, putting pressure on welfare, which has economic consequences. This case-study documented common industry practices and evaluated poultry industry stakeholder perceptions related to broiler welfare during day-of-hatch processing and the pre-slaughter phase. Twenty-three

SUMMARY Day of hatch and pre-slaughter processing are stressful events (involving selection, handling and transport) for broiler chickens, putting pressure on welfare, which has economic consequences. This case-study documented common industry practices and evaluated poultry industry stakeholder perceptions related to broiler welfare during day-of-hatch processing and the pre-slaughter phase. Twenty-three

SUMMARY The impact of Dermanyssus gallinae infestation on poultry health and production has driven the poultry industry to look for efficient control measures to be incorporated in integrated pest management (IPM). Attempts have been employed to control, if not, eliminate the infestation which includes application of chemicals, implementation of biological and/or physical measures, vaccination, or

SUMMARY A large amount of existing evidence shows that the micro- and macrostructure of feed has a strong influence on the function, development and health of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which, in turn, affects the performance of poultry birds. Notably, the majority of data corresponding to feed structure-induced changes in the productivity of birds has been generated from studies using broiler

SUMMARY Feather pecking (FP) by laying hens is a significant welfare issue in the poultry industry. Pecking at and pulling out feathers of conspecifics can seriously reduce the well-being of birds and causes economic losses for the farmer. Records of FP in laying hen flocks from the last 20 years show a prevalence of between 24% and 94%. Several research groups worldwide have hypothesised about the

Understanding the expression of genes influencing low and high residual feed intake (RFI) is required to elucidate the basic molecular mechanism influencing feed efficiency. Molecular mechanisms affecting RFI are controlled by many factors, such as neural signals, hormones, mitochondrial efficiency, metabolic pathways and nitrogen recycling. This review covers different aspects of molecular mechanisms

SUMMARY In order to meet the high demand for eggs, poultry producers are using certain feed strategies, which can increase production, but may indirectly cause metabolic and other stress in the birds. To overcome these issues, natural plant extracts and ingredients, such as turmeric, can be added to the diet. The inclusion of turmeric, which has various beneficial properties, at levels of 0.75% and

SUMMARY In Kuwait, per capita consumption of poultry meat was 64.4 kg/cap/yr from 2004 to 2016. This indicates the high demand for poultry meat in Kuwait, which cannot be met by local production alone. The Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) has conducted poultry research projects into high-quality and added-value poultry products, which could be utilised to enhance competitiveness in Kuwait

SUMMARY The justification for the chicken-meat industry to develop reduced-crude protein (CP) diets is compelling. Environment pollution by nitrogen and ammonia emissions can be improved, as a dietary reduction of 25 g/kg CP has been shown to generate a 25.8% reduction in N excretion. Bird welfare can be enhanced, as lower CP excretion improves litter quality and lessens the incidence of foot-pad dermatitis

SUMMARY Worldwide, commercial laying hens are frequently being used for only one production cycle mainly due to a decline in egg quality and/or egg quantity at 70–80 weeks of age. Extending the production cycle of these hens by improving or maintaining their egg quality and laying persistency could lead to both economic and environmental benefits as well as a more sustainable egg industry. Laying performance

As a consequence of global warming and food security issues, heat stress has become an emerging problem. Heat stress causes huge economic losses in the broiler industry that negatively affects the production performance of chickens. Therefore, a variety of strategies have been examined for mitigating the heat stress problem. Among these strategies, the use of prebiotics has received increasing interest

SUMMARY Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with diverse physiological functions related to cellular homoeostasis, body metabolism and antioxidant defence. Se is an integral constituent of at least 25 selenoproteins in the body that regulate cellular redox and antioxidant defence enzymes systems control free radicles of reactive oxygen species . Dietary Se plays key role in immunity, growth

SUMMARY In recent years, the roundworm Ascaridia galli has been found to be the most common poultry parasite, with 64.8% prevalence in flocks globally. It causes a 60–84% decrease in egg and meat production. Profitability is reduced without proper control of A. galli, and a wide range of chemically synthetic anthelmintics are commonly used. Emergence of drug resistance in nematodes has made scientists

SUMMARY The incidence of non-infectious skeletal disorders has been reported to increase over the past decade. Both genetic selection and rearing conditions cause skeletal disorders in the broilers. The rapid increase in broiler body weight, along with weakened, immature tissues, causes deformations by putting extra load on the skeletal system. Non-infectious skeletal disorders found in commercial

SUMMARY There is considerable interest in the development of reduced protein diets with supplemental amino acids (AAs) for broiler chickens due to economic, environmental, health and bird welfare advantages. Lowering levels of protein, or using local sources, which may be more poorly digested or have an unbalanced AA profile, has implications for both animal performance and health. However, reduced

(2020). Retraction: Recent developments in DNA vaccination approaches against poultry coccidiosis and its future endeavours. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 931-931.

The modern broiler chicken industry is connected with various disorders of the skeletal system. The fast-growing birds by increased weight gain often have leg problem which leads to economic losses. The correct bone development of broilers is highly correlated with calcium and phosphorus ratio (about 2:1) so providing these macroelements with diet seemed to be fundamental. The most common inorganic

(2020). Retraction: Emerging threat of H9N2 viruses in poultry of Pakistan and vaccination strategy. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 913-913.

(2020). Retraction: Chicken infectious anaemia, an immunosuppressive disease of poultry birds. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 911-911.