Purpose Biomass slurries, such as those subjected to microwave-assisted alkaline (MAA) pretreatment, will become common substrates for the production of biofuels in the future. While the rheology of acid and ionic liquid pretreated biomass is known, the rheology of alkaline pretreated biomass is not yet reported; hence, the goal of this study was to establish the rheological characteristics of untreated

Abstract Lignocellulosic feedstocks are gaining increased popularity for novel industrial applications because of their availability and bio-renewability. Using lignocellulosic materials, especially from agricultural and forestry sectors could help reduce the over-dependence on petrochemical resources while providing a sustainable waste management alternative. This review aims to describe the chemistry

Abstract One strategy to re-use solid urban wastes is the production of energy by anaerobic digestion. This process also generates high volume of digestates, which are frequently disposal in landfills. The aim of this work is to assess anaerobic digestates as agricultural inputs. Three different biomethanation wastes from different plants were collected. Firstly, a complete physico-chemical characterization

Abstract Large volumes of liquid waste are generated in processing operations of seafood industry. Such effluents have high concentrations of soluble protein, but it is necessary to concentrate it for utilization. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of the use of hydrochloric (HCl) and trichloroacetic (TCA) acids on biochemical and antioxidant properties of recovered solids from sardine

Abstract Substantial waste is generated from fish processing industries causing pollution and health hazard. Hence, synthesizing biodegradable film from myofibrillar protein dispersion of fish waste was attempted which may serve as “Wealth from Waste”- an eco-friendly initiative. Film dispersions were gamma-irradiated at a dose of 10 (D10) and 25 kGy (D25) before casting and their physical properties

Biogas is one of the practical vitality sources of energy that can be delivered from numerous sorts of biomass. Biogas production from fresh digestate bacterial crude culture; Providencia alcalifaciens and Alcaligenes aquatilis isolated from municipal wastewater treatment plants located in Port Said, Egypt and identified with 16S rRNA; amended with aquatic macrophytes; Pistia stratiotes and Potamogeton

Abstract The inadequate management of municipal solid waste can cause environmental and health issues, however the predominance of municipal biowaste and food waste make anaerobic digestion (AD) an attractive option for the treatment and recovery of organic matter. From AD two by-products with high potential use are obtained, such as methane gas (present in biogas) and the digestate, whilst the process

Abstract Proteins were extracted from a prickly pear seed cake using the Osborne extraction method. Physico-chemical, antioxidant and functional properties of the major protein fractions (albumin and glutelin) were studied. Glutelin fraction presented good amount of proteins (60.42% dry weight) with appreciable essential amino acids content (24.45% of total amino acids). The Fourier transform-infrared

In this research, two copper-binding peptides were identified in the proteolysate of Acetes japonicus. Firstly, the examination of the effects of hydrolysis conditions including enzyme type, pH, temperature, enzyme:substrate (E:S) ratio and hydrolysis time on the copper-binding capacity (CBC) was carried out. Secondly, to optimize the hydrolysis, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied via E:S

Hydrothermal CO2-assisted pretreatment was carried out for selective degradation of hemicellulose in wheat straw to produce pentose and enhancement the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis for glucose production. The FT-IR analysis and HPLC method was adopted to determine the observed chemical composition. Up to 90.0% of hemicelluloses were degraded under the optimum condition with temperature of 200 °C

Purpose The rapid urbanization that took place in the last 60 years has led to a dramatic increase in the generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The biodegradable fraction of MSW mainly consists of food waste (FW) and corresponds to about 50% of the total MSW. The disposal of FW in the environment has become a significant challenge. On the other hand, FW is an excellent substrate for anaerobic

Abstract Lime kiln dust (LKD) is a fine particulate material by-product produced during the lime burning processes. Current reuse options are chiefly focused on reuse in the cement industry which are limited by the inherent porosity of this by-product. Due to the presence of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and other elements which can serve as micronutrients to the plants, LKD has the potential to be

Abstract Hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) materials contain organized pores having different scales of diameters. These materials exhibit surprisingly high performance in various applications due to the functional combination of hierarchical pores. This paper reviews the preparation of HPC from waste and biomass, and their potential applications. Biomass with naturally organized hierarchical structure

Abstract Once their life-span is finished, fluorescent lamps are usually processed in vacuum crushers because of their Hg content. This procedure generates glass waste and spent phosphor powders, among other residual materials. Due to their composition, glass waste and phosphor powders could be incorporated as secondary raw materials in the formulation of clay-based construction materials for non-structural

Abstract Humic substances are the major constituents of the organic matter of soils and sediments and were adopted in different industrial applications for their high content of functional groups. Recently, the research interest is focused on the possibility of extract these substances also from organic wastes, such as biowastes. However, an interesting option could be to extract humic substances from

In a circular economy, products are made from renewable resources and the waste streams generated during production are either reused, recycled or recovered. The Biocascade methodology considers bio-waste as a resource that can be exploited to produce high-value products such as pharmaceuticals, food ingredients and nutrients; and low-value products such as feed, energy or soil conditioners. The Biocascade

Abstract Coffee husk, eucalyptus, and pine residues were torrefied at 290 °C in a screw reactor, during 5, 10, 15 or 20 min. The effects of feedstock type and torrefaction process parameters (holding time) on their energy characteristics were investigated. Raw and torrefied biomasses were then submitted successively to leaching and to white and brown rot fungi, to mimic storage conditions. Mass loss

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of domestic wastewater treatment on the horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetlands (HSSF-CWs) using Brachiaria mutica vegetation. We used two wetland models: one with plants and the other without plants. These models were built according to the following dimensions (L × W × H = 1.2 × 0.4 × 0.8 m) and operated at four organic loads (30, 60, 90, 120 kg

Abstract This study proposes a new mix design method for C30 recycled concrete using recycled aggregate crushed from different strength source concrete (SC). The dosages of cement, water, sand, and coarse recycled concrete aggregate (CRCA) are the same as the corresponding components in natural concrete, but the CRCA should be pre-wetted before casting. Its weighted mean strength has a value of 43

Abstract Greenhouse gasses generated from the degradation of solid waste pass through landfill covers and participate in climate change. The formation of desiccation cracks in surface soil leads to direct interaction of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. In current study, attempts were made to reduce crack damage and water evaporation of a sandy soil amended with intrusive aquatic biomass derived

Abstract Performances of single and two-phase mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of the leather fleshings and the leather industry’s wastewater treatment sludge were compared for the first time in this study. With a methane yield of 0.46 m3/kg volatile solid, the single-phase digestion system produced 15% more methane gas than that of the two-phase digestion system. However, H2S concentrations, which

In the present study, the market wastes were treated and made as fine briquettes by using a portable rotary dryer. For the experimental purpose, a portable rotary dryer was designed and developed to determine the drying conditions of market waste. A U-type electric air heater of 1000 W were installed in the heating unit along with solar parabolic dish collector. The input parameters for the experiments

This paper presents mechanical and physical properties of light porous aggregates obtained from local waste materials. Granules were produced from a mixture of aluminosilicate-based coal-mine slates and car windshield glass that was contaminated by the polyvinyl butyral foil. The initial waste material ratio modification significantly alters physical and mechanical properties of obtained ceramic granules

Abstract Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are heavily synthesized from fossil-based processes regardless of the scarcity of non-renewable resources. Anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes can be an alternative way to produce VFAs, however the recovery of VFAs from fermentation broths is the bottleneck of the resource recovery. In this study, membrane contactor based pervaporation system was used to recover

Nanocomposites and activated carbons are well known and tested effective adsorbents in the areas of water purification and water treatment. However, commercial nanocomposites and activated carbons are expensive; therefore, it has become increasingly pertinent to produce affordable nanocomposites and activated carbons. Herein, we report a microwave assisted synthesis of an agriculturally derived nanocomposite

The optimization of factors affecting methane production from the co-digestion of algal biomass with crude glycerol was investigated using response surface methodology with a central composite design. The investigated parameters included algal biomass, crude glycerol and inoculum concentration. The inoculum and algal biomass concentration had a significant individual effect on the methane production

As by-product of sewage treatment, the sludge contains abundant plant nutrients such as nitrogen; therefore, the sludge compost is usually regarded as an amendment source of nitrogen for soil. However, the nitrogen supply pattern characterized by sludge-amended soil remains unclear. In this work, changes in nitrogen supply patterns with time in amended soil, including total nitrogen content, alkali-hydrolyzable

Lycopene was simultaneously extracted from tomato processing waste and size reduced into nano-ranges from 36 to 150 nm, via ultrasonic assisted nanoprecipitation technique. The effects of main processing parameters namely, organic to aqueous phase ratio, ultrasonic amplitude and time were evaluated on mean particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and lycopene content of produced nanodispersions, using response

Bioenergy in Mexico offers a great potential as a transition strategy for introducing new energy supply chains. However, studies which focus on wood supply chains for bioenergy generation at a national level are scarce. Hence, this paper presents a model for predicting short-term availability of woody biomass for energetic use according to two scenarios. Scenario A exhibits business as usual conditions

The novel bacterial strains EF2 and OW1-1 were isolated from intestine of Eisenia fetida and municipal organic waste respectively. The qualitative screening of strains in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plate showed a larger zone of clearance with Gram’s iodine staining. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strains EF2 and OW1-1 were identified as a gram-positive Bacillus sp. The strains exhibited

A comparative experimental study was conducted for fluff-type solid refuse fuel which was known to be difficult to apply thermal process, using two lab-scale gasifiers; downdraft fixed bed and bubbling fluidized bed reactors, to find out the best available option for gasification of this type of fuel. The experiments were carried out at 900 °C, by changing the air equivalent ratios ranged from 0.2

Peptones are accepted as one of the most expensive medium components of microorganisms. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of chicken feather peptone (CFP) on enzyme (lipase and amylase) production by Bacillus licheniformis 016. In order to assess its effectiveness on enzyme production, CFP was compared with commercial fish peptone (FP) and protease peptone (PP). The optimum

In this work, a route to synthesize bioadditives through H4SiW12O40-catalyzed levulinic acid esterification reactions with alcohols of short chain at room temperature was assessed. Among the Brønsted acids assessed (i.e., sulfuric, p-toluenesulfonic, silicotungstic, phosphomolybdic and phosphotungstic acids), H4SiW12O40 was the most active and selective catalyst. High conversions (ca. 90%) and selectivity

This study deals with valorization of the protein-rich fish and poultry waste. Since fish scales and chicken feathers are hard-to-degrade by the scavenger microbes, they were hydrolyzed into a source material for construction of rechargeable protein batteries. Both wastes were dissolved in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to form oxidizing and reducing halves of the battery. NaOH not only worked as

The effect of loading alkaline earth metal oxides on sulfated alumina-zirconia (S/AZ), as a nanocatalyst in esterification of oleic acid (OA) and transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) was experimentally investigated. S/AZ modified by calcium (S/Ca–AZ), magnesium (S/Mg–AZ), strontium (S/Sr–AZ) and barium oxides (S/Ba–AZ) were synthesized by solvent-free method and characterized by various methods

Abstract Modified (or unmodified) Tunisian clay nanoparticles were incorporated as nanofillers in post-consumer polypropylene (PCPP) polymer matrix in order to improve its inherent properties. PCPP loaded with Na-clay or organoclay nanocomposites were elaborated by melt intercalation method. Morphological, thermal and rheological properties of prepared nanocomposites were then evaluated. SEM observations

Purpose The present study was aimed to develop a successful bioprocess through solid state fermentation (SSF) technique for the butyric acid production using agriculture wastes like wheat bran, rice polishings and molasses anaerobically by Clostridium tyrobutyricum DSM 2637. Methods Different physiochemical parameters like substrate: water ratio, inoculum volume, different ionic salts concentrations

The production of cellulosic ethanol has been gaining attention in the industry sector because of the high availability of lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural and forestry activities. Pinus patula is one of the most typical softwood species in Colombia. The aim of this work is to evaluate the production of ethanol using Pinus patula as raw material using dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic

A type of ultra-light weighted, low-thermally conductive but mechanically strong ceramic foams (CF) were fabricated via the direct foaming method of using basalt tailings (BT) and black cotton soil (BCS) as main components. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolved in water glass (Na2SiO3) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were used as fluxing and foaming agents, respectively. The product was demonstrated

Abstract A single-stage Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) for the treatment of cheese whey and its co-digestion with cattle slurry was investigated with the aim of potentially recovering water and energy from the wastewater. A 9 L reactor coupled to an ultrafiltration flat sheet membrane module in an external configuration was employed. This configuration enabled the proper separation of solids

Abstract More than 27 million tonnes of waste plastics are generated in Europe each year representing a considerable potential resource. There has been extensive research into the production of liquid fuels and aromatic chemicals from pyrolysis-catalysis of waste plastics. However, there is less work on the production of hydrogen from waste plastics via pyrolysis coupled with catalytic steam reforming

Abstract Along with the growing development of countries around the world, there are huge amounts of construction and demolition works which produce large volumes of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and these are increasing over the past few decades. One of the more practical ways to manage the RCA wastes is through re-using them as aggregate to produce concrete. In this paper, 5–10 mm crushed RCA

Abstract The transition of the automotive industry towards a circular economy requires viable solutions for end-of-life vehicle (ELV) reuse, recycling and recovery. This study tested the feasibility of two recycling processes intended, the first, to produce recycled plastic composite goods from selected plastic fractions extracted from ASRs, through a conventional mechanical process; the second, to

Abstract Purpose To isolate, identify and characterize an anaerobic strain from in natura CPW, in relation to the consumption of different carbon sources, growth kinetics and H2 production after bioaugmentation. Methods Several substrates were evaluated (glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylose, starch, cellobiose, cellulose and lactose), and its optimal concentration was evaluated by Experimental Design

Abstract The growing interest in industrial applications of the hemp plant requires alternative solutions for disposing of hemp waste. At the same time, the concrete industry is seeking ways to reduce its environmental impact, which could be realized by partially replacing Portland cement with more sustainable materials. In this study, a two-step valorization strategy of hemp waste is explored, including

Abstract Purpose This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of whey permeate, bacterial inoculant and periods of fermentation and aerobic exposure on some characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum silage. Methods The experimental design was completely randomized with three factors: whey permeate (0, 25, 50 and 100 g kg−1 of fresh matter—FM), bacterial inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri (inoculated

Abstract An experimental evolution system with a wood-rotting microbial consortium (BOS08) has demonstrated the acquisition of a new ability to exploit a previously untapped carbon source, such as the recalcitrant carbamazepine (CBZ). The improved extraction method has provided an accurate CBZ depletion rate from BOS08 of \(2.14 \pm 0.42 \times 10^{-3}\;\text{ h }^{-1}\). The consortium did not use

Abstract The demands placed on global agricultural production arising out of population and income has grown almost tripled. In order to meet the increasing demand, it is mandatory to elevate the production by avoiding the usage of chemical fertilizers that makes the soil barren, unfertile and pollutes the environment as well as harmful to the consumers, where the biofertilizers came in to play. Microalgae

Abstract Wood/polymer composites are elegant strategies to produce materials with good performance and reduced cost. However, the addition of a lignocellulosic fiber is often responsible for the decreased thermal stability, decreasing their appeal as building materials. Here, we aimed to improve the thermal stability of wood/polypropylene composites through addition of unmodified, low-cost, abundant

Abstract We conducted a study for immobilization of cellulase produced by Aspergillus tubingensis-IMMIS2 through pre-optimized solid-state fermentation of corn stover. Incredible increment in stability and catalytic activity of the immobilized cellulase was observed. Thermostability of the immobilized cellulase was increased to 82% at 75 °C as compared to that of free cellulase after 26 h of incubation

Abstract Purpose Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is one of the main waste streams of olive processing and its disposal can represent a relevant environmental issue in Mediterranean countries. OMW is characterised by high pollutant load, salinity and phytotoxic levels of polyphenols, but also by a high amount of organic compounds and plant mineral nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the OMW reuse

Abstract This study aims to utilize tuna condensate as a renewable resource for production of antifungal compounds by Streptomyces philanthi RL-1-178 against aflatoxingenic B1 (AFB1) Aspergillus flavus. Among ten isolates of A. flavus tested, the strain PSRDC-4 was the most toxigenic strain (1432 ppb of AFB1) and aggressive to S. philanthi (85.9% inhibition). The effective dose (100% inhibition) of

Abstract The alternative municipal solid waste (MSW) management is directly linked to the reduction of the biodegradable fraction and total waste mass disposed to landfill sites. Nowadays, the design and implementation of flexible plants with thermal or biological treatment methods are recommended by European and National legislations as an extremely sustainable waste management strategy in terms of

Abstract Rosemary oil was extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a solvent. The parameters of pressure, temperature, and ethanol as co-solvent were evaluated through a Taguchi experimental design. Extraction yield of rosemary oil increased with high pressure (350 bar) and mid-range temperature (40 °C), while the addition of ethanol as co-solvent did not improve the extraction yield. Palmitic

Abstract Two varieties of grain sorghum, including Chuannuo (CN) and Luzhouhong (LZH), were attempted on heavy metal (HM−) contaminated farmland. HMs distribution in the harvested biomasses, including grain and stover (leaf + stalk), were analyzed. The mostly HM-accumulated part was anaerobically digested to check the biogas releasing performances, and the fates of HMs in digestion. Results indicated

Abstract Silica fume is the most performing siliceous product among the pozzolanic materials. This is mainly related to his high content (around of 90%) of amorphous silica. However, this residue has a high cost and the quantities available are limited. This limits its use in the modern construction industry, particularly in developing countries. For this reason it is motivating to look for an alternative

Abstract One of the major factors that influences the economic feasibility of biogas production is the availability of digestible feedstocks. There is little research on the influence of the chemical composition of biomass on biogas synthesis, especially with regard to the content of lignocellulosic materials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate how differences in the content of cellulose

Abstract Hydrochar derived from Argan nut shell (ANS) was synthesized and applied to remove bisphenol A (BPA) and diuron. The results indicated that the hydrochar prepared at 200 °C (HTC@ANS-200) possessed a higher specific surface area (42 m2/g) than hydrochar (HTC@ANS-180) prepared at 180 °C (17 m2/g). The hydrochars exhibited spherical particles, which are rich in functional groups. The HTC@ANS-200

Abstract Baker’s Yeast Industry (BYI) effluent was one of the strongest wastewaster type that contains high amount of organic matter, salinity, nitrogen and sulphate. These characteristics were unfavorable for the application of wastewater treatment. For this reason, a recovery-oriented approach was applied for the appropriate conditions to increase the Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) production potential

Abstract Carbon rich natural agricultural wastes are outstanding potential candidates as microwave absorbing materials for new technological developments in electronics and telecommunication, radar and satellite systems. Fast developments in the field of electronics and telecommunication increases electromagnetic pollution due to electromagnetic interference resulting in new technological issues for