The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake caused tremendous casualties and property losses as well as a substantial need for rebuilding the affected localities in order to address housing and urban development issues for the future. China’s central government applied a national planning approach in both the emergency response and the disaster recovery phases that aims at facilitating the flow of technological assistance

This article indentifies the carbon governance landscape after a complex and large-scale disaster by identifying the formation of new strategic groups and the utilization of resources policies. The article highlights the post-disaster context of land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF). In particular it examines the power issue surrounding carbon management in Aceh Province, Indonesia, after

Sustainable development means doing more with less; this requires change from existing practices. We must make improvements and learn, in the face of those changes that are occurring because we have not delivered sustainable development up until now. So we seek to make changes in the context of changes. This paper focuses on the question of “how” we do more with less and develops the concept of adopting

To achieve sustainable development, understanding of the impact of global environmental change on natural resources and the frequency, intensity, and spatial-temporal patterns of all kinds of hazards should be advanced. In recent years, severe losses of human lives and property have been caused by very large-scale natural hazards all over the world, such as the freezing rain and snowstorm disaster

China is one of the countries in the world that are most affected by natural disasters. In recent years, with global climate change and rapid socioeconomic development in the country, natural disaster risks have been increasing and economic losses and the population affected have shown a growing trend; catastrophic disasters have repeatedly ravaged China, causing major socioeconomic impacts.The Chinese

This article analyzes the risk assessment and risk transfer models of large-scale disasters in line with the characteristics of such disasters. A large-scale disaster risk assessment model based on the Regional Disaster System concept is developed: large-scale disaster risk (R L ) is a function of the disaster triggering hazard (H), the vulnerability of the concerned objects (V), and the stability

Improving our ability to cope with large risks is one of the key challenges for humankind in this century. This article outlines a research program in this perspective. Starting with a concrete example of a relatively small disaster, it questions simplistic ideas of rationality. It then proposes a fresh look at the concepts of probability and utility in the context of socio-ecological systems. This

A serious gap exists between science and disaster decision making, so that many scientific reports have little impact and fail to inform decision making. This article examines the complex linkages between science and disaster reduction, analyzing the barriers that prevent more effective use of science and suggesting how the gap between science and decision making may be narrowed.

Small Satellite Constellation for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting (SSCEDMF), loaded with the Charge Coupled Device (CCD), hyperspectral imager (HSI), infrared scanner (IRS), and S band Synthetic Aperture Radar (S-SAR), featuring large width, high revisitation rate, and medium spatial resolution, is an important part of China’s earth observation system. On 6 September 2008, China

From an integrated risk governance point of view, we propose a new goal in order to solve the current dilemma in the international global climate change negotiations. We demonstrate that for global climate change issues, identifying a common interest so that all players are willing to play the game with the same rule is the key. Green economy could be that key.

The Slovenian Krškopolje pig is the only preserved local autochthonous breed, appreciated mainly for its good meat quality and considered more appropriate for processing into dry-cured products. However, the biological characteristics of the skeletal myofibers of the Krškopolje breed, specifically the heavy myosin chain-based contractile and metabolic phenotypes that could affect meat quality, have

Fibroproliferative disorders occur in both humans and horses following skin injury. In horses, wound healing on the limb is often complicated by the formation of fibroproliferative exuberant granulation tissue, characterized by persistent expression of pro-fibrotic transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and deficient expression of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10). IL-10 has been shown to

Bilateral carotid artery ligation has been reported as a lifesaving procedure to control severe hemorrhage. However, reports are sparse and little information is available regarding the potential risks associated with this procedure. We report an ischemic brain infarct as a complication after vascular surgery. A 3-year old, male intact border collie was presented for acute onset of forebrain signs

Clostridioides difficile, previously Clostrdium difficile, is a major cause of antibiotic-associated enteric disease in humans in hospital settings. Increased incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) in community settings raises concerns over an alternative source of CDI for humans. The detection of genetically similar and toxigenic C. difficile isolates in companion animals, including asymptomatic

Shiga toxin type 2e (Stx2e) Escherichia coli is the causative factor of diarrhea and edema in swine. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of Stx2e-producing E. coli isolates and to characterize isolates from clinical cases of pig colibacillosis and healthy swine. During the 11 years of the study (2006–2017), a total of 233 Stx2e-producing isolates were detected−230 out of 2,060 (11

Brucella, a genus of bacteria that causes brucellosis, infects and threatens domestic animals, and humans in endemic areas. Presently, some live attenuated vaccines of Brucella are used to immunize livestock; however, these vaccines are pathogenic to humans, can provoke abortion when administered to pregnant livestock, and induce antibodies in vaccinated livestock that affect the diagnosis of field

Effective ventilation reduces heat stress in sows. A numerical study was carried out to investigate the effects of airspeed and direction on the convective heat transfer around a sow having different postures and body mass. The convection characteristics of a sow were analysed in a virtual wind tunnel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. The four postures of the standing, sitting, reclining

Nature interactions have been demonstrated to produce reliable affective benefits. While adults demonstrate strong preferences for natural environments over urban ones, it is not clear whether these affective benefits result from exposure to nature stimuli per se, or result from viewing a highly preferred stimulus. In one set of studies (Study 1 and 2), state affect before and after image viewing was

Riparian forest may represent a key subsidy to aquatic food webs. While most research has been done in running waters, the origin of resources subsidising biomass and the role of riparian coverage in food webs remains largely unstudied in reservoirs. This research evaluated the role of forest riparian zones as food web subsidies in a recently formed reservoir of Ijuí River, Brazil. The diet of fish

A 12-y-old spayed female Schipperke dog with a previous diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was presented with a 2-mo history of severe colitis. The patient’s condition progressed to hepatopathy, pneumonia, and dermatitis following management with prednisolone and dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Colonic biopsies identified severe necrosuppurative colitis with free and intracellular parasitic zoites

Preferential Ag deposition in female kidneys has been reported in subacute and subchronic oral gavage and inhalation studies of various sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In these in vivo animal studies, female kidneys were shown to accumulate 3–4 times more silver than male kidneys. The current 28-day oral gavage study of AgNPs administered to ovariectomized female rats investigated the effect

Histopathologic surgical margin assessment in veterinary patients is an imprecise science with assessment limited to a small proportion of the surgical margin due to time and finances. Incomplete excision of canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) alters treatment recommendations and prognosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel imaging modality that has been reported in a single veterinary study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a possible association between mammary tumour size and increasing degree of malignancy. Data of 625 dogs with a total of 1,459 mammary tumours were analysed retrospectively. 80.3 % dogs were intact, mean age at diagnosis was 9.7 ± 2.5 years, 75.8 % were pure breed dogs. Median body weight was 20.0 kg.

Algal seaweeds have abundant amounts of active substances and can be used as pharmaceuticals and biomedicals in aquafeeds. In this context, the powder of red macroalgae Gracilaria persica was included in the diets of Persian sturgeon at the rate of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g/kg to investigate its role on the growth rate, fillet colouration, haemato-biochemical indices, serum, and skin mucus immunity. The

Dietary supplementation of herbal essential oils is recommended for aquatic animals due to their growth-promoting, immune, and antioxidative potential. Hence, the present study evaluated the inclusion of menthol essential oil (MNT) at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immunity, and antioxidative responses of Nile tilapia. After eight weeks, samples were

An 8-week feeding trial was proceeded to assess the effects of yeast and yeast extract on growth performance, anti-oxidant ability and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. Five diets supplemented with 0% (Control), 3% beer yeast (Y), 0.5% yeast extract (YE0.5), 1% yeast extract (YE1) and 2% yeast extract (YE2) respectively were assigned to L. vannamei (four replicates per diet, 30 shrimp

Growth performance and survival to harvest of the Akosombo strain generation 10 and the GIFT strain generation two (derived from GIFT generation 11 in Malaysia) were evaluated in Ghana. The fish were from 97 families of the Akosombo selected line (AKOS), 30 of the Akosombo control line (AKOC), and 24 of the GIFT strain (GIFT). In total, 12,043 tagged fingerlings were stocked at a density of 3 fish

Light cycle is an important factor affecting the total carotenoid content (TCC) in tissues of noble scallops Chlamys nobilis, but its regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, adult polymorphic C. nobilis (Nan'ao Golden Scallop and common brown scallop) were exposed to three different light cycles (24L/0D, 12L/12D and 0L/24D) for 10 days. The expression of carotenoid related genes (Scavenger

Aquaculture requires the monitoring of several parameters simultaneously such as temperature, salinity, ammonia, potential of hydrogen, nitrogen dioxide, bromine, among others to preserve the well-being of the fish, optimize production and meet the requirements of environmental ethics. To contribute to the fulfillment of these requirements, we propose here to use a data analysis technique called principal

The goal of this study was to evaluate the anesthetic potential of an ethanolic extract of Hyptis mutabilis and its effects on behavior, biochemistry, ionic balance, and oxidative stress biomarkers of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after 24-h exposure. Additionally, its chemical composition was determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and tandem mass

This study assesses the evolution of 104 inhabited and 82 resort islands across the Maldives between 2004-2006 and 2014-2016 and investigates the contribution of human drivers. Using multi-date satellite imagery, we show that 59.1 % of these islands expanded as a result of human intervention, including mainly land reclamation (often associated with harbor development) and the construction of engineering

Supplementary feeding can affect populations of birds. It reduces energy spent on foraging and reduces the risk of starvation, but it also increases the risk of disease transmission and predation. Supplementary feeding may reduce species richness if some species are better able to exploit supplementary food resources than others. Feeding may also artificially inflate the carrying capacity of the ecosystem

The fermented feed has been identified as a potential alternative to antibiotics in feeds that markedly affects gut health and growth performance of pigs. Two recent studies performed in our laboratory investigated that the fermented corn–soybean meal (fermented feed, FF) improved the gut health of pigs. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a FF on the carcass, meat quality, muscle fatty

This paper introduces a review on sustainability-related concepts at a neighbourhood scale. 3909 abstracts of papers on “neighbourhood sustainability” published between the late eighties and February 2020 were downloaded from Scopus in order to perform a text mining analysis. The concept of neighbourhood sustainability is studied and discussed at both geographical and temporal level, employing clustering

Much of the literature shows a great interest in debating whether telework has a complementary or substitution effect on people’s travel demand. Relatively fewer studies analyze the modification effect of telework on individuals' activity-travel patterns. This study adopts a novel analytical approach to explore the influences of the duration of telework on sustainable travel. The empirical study builds

Distributed energy systems (DES) is energy efficient due to energy cascade utilization and integration with local renewable energy resources. Thermal energy storage systems (TESs) can supplement the DES to improve the system performance. In this study, a control strategy is proposed for the DES&TES considering the state of the TES to improve the surplus energy utilization, the system energy and economic

Anthropogenic heat that is mainly released in cities is rapidly rising in the context of global warming, while its impact on the land surface thermal environment is not completely clear. This study compared the anthropogenic heat flux (AHF) with the surface net solar radiation (SNSR) and analyzed the relationship between AHF and the surface urban heat island effect (ESUHI) on the basis of the estimation

The analysis of the energy consumption of a house is important for its energy management. With the expansion of smart homes, energy management of a house gained more importance. To manage this expansion, loads should be identified. In this study, a novel load appliance identification approach is proposed. This approach utilizes from only current waveform while extracting the features. In the proposed

The safety and reliability of urban power supply are critical to the sustainability of cities and society. Based on the analysis of big data, a power supply reliability evaluation method for urban distribution networks considering uncertain factors is proposed in this paper. The method has good adaptability and can support the analysis of safety improvement measures. By investigating historical data

With the availability of high‐density SNP panels and the establishment of approaches for characterizing homozygosity and heterozygosity sites, it is possible to access fine‐scale information regarding genomes, providing more than just comparisons of different inbreeding coefficients. This is the first study that seeks to access such information for the Mangalarga Marchador (MM) horse breed on a genomic

We investigated maternal effect on nine body measurement traits (body height, body length, front width (FW), chest width (CW), hind width (HW), chest depth, chest girth (CHG), front cannon circumference (FCC) and rear cannon circumference (RCC)) measured at the end of performance testing and five meat production traits (ages at the start and end of performance testing (D30 and D105), average daily

Information collected from Focus Group Meetings (FGMs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) from Ramgati Upazilla of Lakshmipur District, Bangladesh, shows that once household members have lost their homes to riverbank erosion, they rarely migrate to distant places and stay in their immediate vicinity. The overwhelming majority of the victims rebuild their homes in nearby places on the lands of their

Shifts in precipitation regimes due to the predicted climate changes can alter the water content in tropical soils and, consequently, may influence the toxicity of pesticides to soil fauna. This study assessed the influence of soil moisture content on the toxicity of the insecticide imidacloprid to the collembolans Folsomia candida in two tropical soils and evaluated the risk of this active ingredient

Occupational noise exposure is a documented risk among fish harvesters worldwide. So far, researchers’ main concern has been the detection of onboard noise levels causing noise-induced hearing loss. However, this fails to consider the relationship between hazardous noise levels and noise-induced fatigue. Differently from previous studies and regulatory standards, this research activity focuses on the

Underwater acoustic (UWA) communication encounters significant difficulties posed by the simultaneous presence of multipath and time variations. It has been recognized that, under the assumption that channel keeps static within the processing windows, time reversal (TR) processing approach is capable of mitigating multipath via the spatial–temporal focusing. However, for a rapidly time-varying UWA

Experimentally validated models of a heavyweight reception plate using finite element methods (FEM) have been used to assess reception plate measurements of structure-borne sound power injected by single- and multiple-contact, broadband sources. Measurements and FEM indicated high velocity levels near corners and edges of the plate; hence the reception plate power was underestimated by up to ≈9 dB

Single-stage forming is widely used in automobile industry due to less cycle times, cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. The continuously adaptable blank holder force (BHF) systems help produce defect-free components during the deep drawing process. However, this manufacturing process induces a significant amount of variability both at geometry and functional performance of the component

It is known that the underwater acoustic channels (UAC) exhibit non-uniform cluster-sparse characteristics, meaning that the channel impulse response (CIR) typically consists of a large number of near-zero taps and with only a few none-zero ones assemble in clusters in a structured manner, moreover, the cluster structure is non-uniformly distributed on the time domain. In this paper, an improved proportionate

Nowadays, the virtual prototyping method is widely used for industrial applications and can lead to a powerful tool for musical instruments making and conservation. Nevertheless, physics-based models of musical instruments are barely developed for this purpose and the confrontation between model predictions and experiments have been the focus of very few researches. The objective of this paper is to

The basic objective of environmental protection against noise is the care for acoustic climate, among others via maintaining the allowable noise levels. In many countries, ISO 1996 standards constitute the reference for the measurement and assessment of acoustic environment, thus it is necessary to verify the guidelines contained therein in different measurement circumstances. The presented study covered

In this paper, we propose a novel calibration method for the batch measurement of hydrophone sensitivity in a tank. This calibration method is based on the source spatial averaging method of constructing a ‘diffused sound field’ in a small-volume tank. Source spatial averaging is implemented as follows: the transducer radiates steady-state signals whilst moving irregularly and slowly at a certain space

Structural properties in nonwoven materials, such as porosity and layer thickness, are typically spatially distributed on a micro- and mesoscale. The mesoscale inhomogeneity is visually perceived, inter alia, as the cloudiness of the nonwoven fabric or as inclusions in the bulk material. Differential box counting, which is a fractal based image analysis method, was used to assess the inhomogeneity

We investigated a spray-drying aerosol generator that can generate micro-particles at high concentration using an ultrasonic nozzle. Unlike a conventional spray-drying aerosol generator that uses vertical spray with co-current sheath flow, we designed a new aerosol generator by using horizontal spray with co-current sheath flow combined with clean counter flow to increase particle generation efficiency

The floodplains of brackish coastal lagoons are subject to a highly dynamic hydrological regimen mainly due to their intermittent connection with the ocean. Coastal lagoons generally support fisheries, while livestock ranching and human settlements are found in the floodplain. Therefore, it is common practice to artificially open the sand barrier to avoid floods and manage fish stocks. Saltmarsh species

The Canga ecosystem, in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon, is a biodiversity and endemism hotspot as well a potential resource for iron mining, raising conflicts between conservation and economic development. Here, we collected data from 60 randomly selected points in the Canga ecosystem in the Carajás National Forest, Brazil, to analyze the spatial patterns of Ipomoea cavalcantei occurrence in different