Human beings are currently experiencing a serious public health event. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has infected about 3 million people worldwide and killed more than 200,000, most being the elderly or people with potential chronic diseases or in immunosuppressive states. According to big data analysis, there

Porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (PEAV) is a newly identified swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes watery diarrhea in neonatal piglets. The pathogenesis and host immune responses of PEAV infection are not fully characterized. The reason lies in the stomach environment, which would degrade cell-cultured live viruses via oral infection, making it difficult to establish an effective infection

Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimeria are organisms which invade the intestinal tract, causing coccidiosis, an enteric disease of major economic importance worldwide. The disease causes high morbidity ranging from an acute, bloody enteritis with high mortality, to subclinical disease. However, the presence of intestinal lesions depends on the Eimeria species. The most important poultry Eimeria

Objective: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of cold compression therapy (CCT) relative to a soft padded bandage (SPB) in dogs undergoing surgery to manage cranial cruciate ligament injury. Methods:Dogs were randomized into groups that received CCT or SPB after surgery. Weight bearing was measured using a weight distribution platform before and the day after surgery. Stifle joint flexion

Turkey cellulitis, also known as clostridial dermatitis is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and carcass condemnation at slaughter resulting in considerable losses for turkey producers. Here, we assessed the potential role of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in a cellulitis outbreak on a turkey farm in Iowa. Birds from one farm with a history of cellulitis and one farm with no history

Current eradication strategies of tuberculosis (TB) in goats mainly rely on the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and single intradermal cervical comparative tuberculin tests (SICCTs). TB vaccination has been proposed as a cost-effective option in high-prevalence herds or countries where economic compensation for the slaughter of positive animals is not affordable. However, TB vaccination compromises

Ectoparasites, such as cattle fever ticks, and the diseases they carry pose a risk to the global cattle population in reduced productivity and in livability. Tick infestations carry significant economic implications through losses in productivity, increased morbidity, and control costs. Cattle fever ticks were eradicated from the United States through concentrated efforts across state and federal agencies

The vaginal microbiota plays an important role in the health of dairy cattle, and it could be manipulated for the prevention and treatment of reproduction-related infections. The present study profiles and compares the vaginal microbiota of healthy dairy heifers during the estrous cycle focusing the results in follicular (estrus) and luteal (diestrus) phases using 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable

The chicken industry of Pakistan is a major livestock sub-sector, playing a pivotal role in economic growth and rural development. This study aimed to characterize and map the structure of broiler and layer production systems, associated value chains, and chicken disease management in Pakistan. Qualitative data were collected in 23 key informant interviews and one focus group discussion on the types

Livestock keeping is common in many cities in India, driven by the demand for animal-source foods, particularly perishable milk. We selected five cities from different regions of the country and conducted a census in 34 randomly selected peri-urban villages to identify and describe all smallholder dairy farms. In total 1,690 smallholder dairy farms were identified, keeping on average 2.2 milking cows

Over the past few decades, among equine parasitoses caused by gastrointestinal nematodes, habronematidosis has been discontinuously studied worldwide. Habronematidosis is a parasitic disease distributed all over the world. It is caused by Habronema microstoma, Habronema muscae, and Draschia megastoma (Spirurida, Habronematidae), and it is maintained in the environment by muscid flies which act as intermediate

Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella pullorum belonging to Group O9Salmonella are major causative agents of infectious diseases in chicken. O9 antigen as a part of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a predominant detected target for Salmonella infection. To identify the infection, an anti-O9 monoclonal antibody (McAb)-based direct competitive enzyme-linked assay (O9 Dc-ELISA) was developed after constraints

Hypotension is one of the most common complications observed during inhalation anaesthesia in veterinary patients. Treatment of hypotension in cattle is more challenging than in other species, owing to the limited number of drugs licensed in food producing animals. The use of adrenaline as an infusion to support blood pressure has not been described previously in bovines. A cow and a calf presented

Perioperative administration of desmopressin has shown to significantly decrease rates of local recurrence and metastasis, and increase survival times in dogs with grade II and III mammary carcinomas. The objective of this study was to compare the oncologic outcome of cats with mammary carcinoma treated with bilateral mastectomy with or without perioperative administration of desmopressin. Medical

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of A, B and AB blood types and alloantibodies in non-pedigree cats from two regions, one in Northern and one in Southern Italy (Lombardy and Sicily, respectively). A total of 448 samples (52.0% from Northern and 48.0% from Southern Italy) were blood typed. The prevalence of A, B and AB blood types in northern and southern cats were 91.0%, 5.2%

Oxygen-binding proteins, such as myoglobin, hemoglobin, neuroglobin, and cytoglobin, play a role in oxygen binding and delivery to tissues. In icefish, the loss of myoglobin and hemoglobin genes has been reported to be an adaptive evolution event. This interesting finding prompted us to exam oxygen-binding protein expression in diverse fish species. Taking advantage of substantial RNAseq data deposited

The 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2) is an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormones, whose administration to rodents fed high-fat diet (HFD) prevents body weight increase and reverts the expression pattern of pro-inflammatory factors associated to HFD. The diet-induced obese (D.I.O.) zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been recently used as an experimental model to investigate fundamental processes underlying

In human medicine, “sudden death” has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a non‐violent, unexpected death occurring less than 24 h from the onset of symptoms. The aims of this study were: (1) to estimate the proportional mortality ratio for “sudden and unexpected death” (SUD) in young dogs; (2) to investigate the pathological and microbiological findings in SUD cases in young dogs

Two feeding preference experiments and an in vitro assay were performed to assess the weaned pig preference for Cu doses and sources based on their sensorial perception and on the likely post-ingestive effects of Cu. At day 7 post-weaning, a total of 828 pigs were distributed into two different experiments. In Exp.1 (dose preference) a diet with a nutritional Cu level (15 mg/kg) of Cu sulfate (SF)

Welfare assessment is a tool to both identify welfare challenges and to evidence where current husbandry practices support positive welfare outcomes. Such tools are becoming more available and can be amended based on the nature of the facility and needs of taxonomic groups. Currently, welfare assessment has a strong mammalian theme, and some behavioural measures of welfare commonly applied to mammals

It has become mandatory for the application for allowance of animal experimentation to rate the severity of the experimental procedures. In order to minimize suffering related to animal experimentation it is therefore crucial to develop appropriate methods for the assessment of animal suffering. Physiological parameters such as hormones or body weight are used to assess stress in laboratory animals

It is necessary to estimate the population abundance of deer for managing their populations. However, most estimates are from high-density populations inhabiting the forests of North America or Europe; there is currently a lack of necessary knowledge regarding low-density deer populations in different forest habitats. In this article, we used fecal DNA based on the capture-mark-recapture method to

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat and muscle fibre traits of growing–finishing gilts. 300 female PIC pigs were randomly divided (30.10 ± 2.94 kg) into 2 treatments with 6 replicates of 25 each for a 100‐day trial. Two dietary treatments were comprised of a control diet and a control diet fortified with

A strong consensus exists amongst climate scientists that the Earth is warming, and that this warming is due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Members of the public are nevertheless frequently exposed to misinformation about climate change (and the degree of scientific consensus on climate change). One strategy to combat such misinformation is attitudinal “inoculation”—exposing individuals

Fertilizer management practices which focus on applying nitrogen (N) fertilizer at the right rate and time have been proposed as a practical option to reduce nitrate‐N losses from subsurface drained agricultural fields. In this study, regression equations were developed to predict nitrate‐N losses for a corn (Zea mays L .) and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation in southern Minnesota, using fertilizer

The emergence of new virulent Vibrio strains resistant to common antibiotics has caused significant economic losses to shrimp farming worldwide. It is mandatory to adopt new strategies to control shrimp farming related vibriosis. Essential oils (EOs) have several biological properties among of which the quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activity is appealing for vibriosis control. In this work, we evaluated

This study evaluated the effects of SOD-rich melon pulp concentrate (MPC) premix on growth performance, hematological profile and the antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen-induced stress (HDOIS). A group of 462 male Nile tilapia (8.87 ± 0.12 g) was randomly distributed in 42,250-L tank (11 fish/tank) and fed seven practical diets supplemented

This study appraised the growth performance of juvenile spotted scat when fed diets supplemented with Ulva sp. Seven isonitrogeneous and isocaloric diets with different levels of supplementation with Ulva sp. at 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% were fed to 420 fish, weighing 0.49 ± 0.11 g. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of fish twice a day to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. The results

Forecasting in the smart grid (SG) plays a vital role in maintaining the balance between demand and supply of electricity, efficient energy management, better planning of energy generation units and renewable energy sources and their dispatching and scheduling. Existing forecasting models are being used and new models are developed for a wide range of SG applications. These algorithms have hyperparameters

Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide which is used for insect control in agricultural activities near the aquatic ecosystem. It could reach the aquatic environment leading to severe degradation in the fish welfare. Guava leaves extract (GLE) was used as a natural feed supplement for fish because of its stimulating effects on their growth and welfare status. The present research

This study aimed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of mucoadhesive zein nanoparticles containing eugenol (NPZMA) and to evaluate their anesthetic effect in immersion baths, their stability in water and their effects on hemogasometric parameters of juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. Four experiments were performed: Experiment 1 characterized the nanoparticles. Experiment 2 evaluated the

Cities’ environmental footprint reduction is needed under the current climate situation. The appropriate management of the building stock is then an essential but complex endeavor, demanding prior accurate diagnosis for proper renovations. Assuming diagnoses can be optimized by improved inspection processes, a two-round Delphi consultation was conducted to identify both the demands of the Spanish industry

With the sharp development of present aquaculture, outbreaks of viral diseases have become a major obstacle for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry with massive economic losses. Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) represents one of the main viral threats to world aquaculture, which is caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV). In the present study, a new RGNNV strain named RGNNV-HL

The paper discusses the results of a monitoring campaign performed during the spring and autumn with the purpose to evaluate the operational energy performance of an existing nearly zero energy building (nZEB). It is located in Benevento, a middle-size city of South Italy with typical Mediterranean climate. A methodology for real-time nZEB performance analysis is proposed by taking into consideration

Building-integrated PV (BIPV) can be used as an external shading device as well as an electricity generator. In this study, the energy efficiency of the movable BIPV shading system installed over the windows has been investigated. In the first stage, the PV panels monthly electricity generation at different tilt angles and the building's monthly thermal load for the various overhang depth of windows

The national security, economy, and healthcare heavily rely on the reliable distribution of electricity. The incorporation of communication technologies and sensors in the power structures, recognized as the smart grid which revolutionizes the model of the production, distribution, monitoring, and control of the electricity. To realize the applicability of smart grid, several issues need to be addressed

The COVID-19 disease has once again reiterated the impact of pandemics beyond a biomedical event with potential rapid, dramatic, sweeping disruptions to the management, and conduct of everyday life. Not only the rate and pattern of contagion that threaten our sense of healthy living but also the safety measures put in place for containing the spread of the virus may require social distancing. Three

It is well known from previous research that planting more vegetation reduces more air pollution in cities; however, planting additional vegetation would limit the space for urban development. Therefore, the suggestion on better planting of vegetation for maximum utility in air pollutant reduction. We therefore proposed a hypothetical method, based on the temporal matches, that vegetation supply for

Purpose Consequential life cycle assessment (C-LCA) aims to assess the environmental consequences of a decision. It differs from traditional LCA because its inventory includes all the processes affected by the decision which are identified by accounting for causal links (physical, economic, etc.). However, C-LCA results could be quite uncertain which makes the interpretation phase harder. Therefore

The Dormer is a composite breed and constitutes the most numerous terminal sire breed in South Africa. The Elsenburg Dormer flock is the foundation flock of the breed and is still being maintained at the Elsenburg research farm in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Data from 1943 to 2019 were used to investigate genetic and environmental parameters and trends for early growth traits and lamb

This study examined the effects of aural and visual experience on psycho-physiological recovery in simulated environments. Laboratory experiments were conducted with 32 participants. Ten horror videos were used as stressor clips, while five videos depicted urban or rural settings as recovery clips. The videos were presented via VR (head-mounted display) and on a monitor screen. The effect of the audio

Romerillo (Chiliotrichum diffusum) is an unpalatable and invasive shrub that reduces biodiversity and constraints livestock operations in the Magellan rangelands of southern Chile. Nutrient and energy inputs may enhance romerillo use by sheep, reducing its competitive capacity and restore biodiversity loss. In Exp. 1, 32 ewes were penned individually and randomly assigned to 4 groups (8 ewes/group)

In underwater applications, linear chirp signal with linearly instantaneous frequency over the signal bandwidth also known as a linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal is often used in active sonar to realize direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of targets. For this kind of wideband signal, traditional array signal processing method firstly transforms the time domain signal into frequency domain using

Thirty-nine pregnant Sohagi ewes were divided into three equal groups to investigate the effects of an active dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae- SC, 2.44 × 1011 CFU/g yeast product) on lactation curve, milk composition, blood components and growth performance of newborn lambs. Ewes in the control group were fed a basal diet without yeast supplementation (SC0), the second (SC5) and third (SC10) groups

The generation of 3D image is of great significance for underwater exploration. Direct generation underwater 3D images by forward looking sonar are more complicated and have a low resolution. This paper introduces an algorithm for reconstructing 3D altitude information of underwater objects from single 2D sonar image. Underwater information is acquired by a remote operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with

The ewe’s colostrum is an essential food for newborns because it helps them to improve their immune system in addition to providing nutrients for a few days after birth. It also increases the survival of the newborn in the first weeks of life, given that the ovine has a higher mortality rate in the initial 15 days of life. The rate of mortality can be reduced by providing sufficient good-quality colostrum

In order to study and further develop underwater acoustic absorption structures, we present an underwater metamaterial for broadband acoustic absorption in this study, which is composed of viscoelastic rubber, conical cavity, cylindrical oscillator and backing steel. Basis for design is the contribution of local resonance resonators to low frequency absorption of airborne sound. The accuracy of finite

The study was designed as a blinded, randomized, prospective, clinical trial to compare the use of 1% and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride for distal paravertebral nerve block in sheep undergoing Caesarian section. Full-term ewes (n = 18) with dystocia requiring laparohysterotomy were randomly and equally allotted to two groups (I and II). They were administered ceftriaxone (10 mg kg-1) and meloxicam (0

Genetic parameters for South African Angora goats were estimated from body weight, mohair production and reproduction data collected from birth on ram and ewe kids, as well as on the adult ewes in three herds from 2000 to 2015. Medium heritabilities were estimated for body weight from birth until 12-month of age and adult body weight, while a high heritability was estimated for 16-month body weight

Many different solutions exist to improve the low-frequency sound absorption performance of acoustic resonators, extending or coiling up space into the resonator being some of the most widespread. In this context, modern additive manufacturing processes pose a new scenario in which these devices can be engineered to yield outstanding acoustic properties. In a recent work by the authors, a solution

Macrophomina phaseolina , causative agent of the charcoal rot disease, impacts over 500 plant species, causing devastating crop failures worldwide. Due to the lack of effective management approach, charcoal rot can result in serious loss, especially during years with hot and dry summers. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism to suppress the growth

This paper aims to study the response of CO2 emissions in the African continent to asymmetric financial development shocks by incorporating this asymmetric component in the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Following the Shin et al. (2014) nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach in panel form, we construct a nonlinear panel ARDL–PMG model to assess both short- and long-run

The aim of this study was to explore the impact of prenatal Al and Mg on placental oxidative stress and inflammatory mRNA expression. A total of 2519 pregnant women from the China Ma’anshan birth cohort participated in this study. Al and Mg levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Placental stress and inflammatory mRNA expression were assessed by RT-PCR. The median

Increasing evidence has emerged that Mn derived from drinking water could be a health risk, especially for children. This study aimed to provide more information on the variation in Mn concentrations in well water and factors that affect manganese concentrations in groundwater in the natural environment. The geochemical data consisted of analyses of single water samples (n = 5311) that were taken only

The remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals is an ongoing environmental concern. Paddy soils contaminated with Cd and Zn were collected from around abandoned metals mines in Korea. Limestone and steel slag were mixed with the collected soil, as amendments for Cd and Zn immobilization. Sequential extraction, lettuce cultivation and five single extraction methods were carried out to assess

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a vision for achieving a sustainable future. Reliable, timely, comprehensive, and consistent data are critical for measuring progress towards, and ultimately achieving, the SDGs. Data from citizen science represent one new source of data that could be used for SDG reporting and monitoring. However, information is still lacking regarding the current and

Transmissivity and absorptivity measurements were carried out simultaneously in the visible (wavelength of 532 nm) at laboratory conditions using particle-laden filters obtained from a three-wavelength particle/soot absorption photometer (PSAP). The particles were collected on filters from wildland fires over the Pacific Northwest during the Department of Energy Biomass Burning Observation Project

Molecular clusters are ubiquitous constituents of the ambient atmosphere, that can grow into larger sizes forming new aerosol particles. The formation and growth of small clusters into aerosol particles remain one of the largest uncertainties in global climate predictions. This has made the modelling of atmospheric molecular clustering into an active field of research, yielding direct molecular level

Grazing by herds of herbivores modifies plant communities in different ways, depending on the herbivore species. Horse grazing is already known to be effective in increasing plant diversity and maintaining herbaceous vegetation, creating different types of patches and thus ensuring spatial heterogeneity. On an artificial embankment at the Donzère-Mondragon hydroelectric facility in the Rhône Valley

Competition for water between agriculture and the environment is a growing problem in irrigated regions across the globe, especially in endorheic basins with downstream freshwater lakes impacted by upstream irrigation withdrawals. This study presents and applies a novel simulation-optimization (SO) approach for identifying water management strategies in such settings. Our approach combines three key