Shin Kori unit 3 of Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co. is the pressurized water reactor of advanced power reactor 1400 (APR1400) in the Republic of Korea. A hypothetical accident was assumed for Shin Kori unit 3 to perform the time-dependent dose calculations along with the release rates of radionuclides to the environment. In order to assess the accident scenarios, Radiological Assessment System for

In situ indoor gamma dose rate measurements were held in 79 dwellings by NaI(Tl) scintillation probe connected portable dose rate meter. For the building materials and impurities (nodules), spectrometric gamma analysis was applied by a high-resolution HpGe detector. For Ahmetçe and Nusratlı villages in Ayvacik/Çanakkale (Turkey), the measured in situ indoor gamma dose rates and related indoor annual

In order to establish national diagnostic reference levels for mammography examinations, entrance skin air kerma, entrance skin dose and average glandular doses (AGDs) were calculated for a total of 25 624 cranio-caudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) projections of 6309 patients for 40–49 and 50–64 age groups. The average entrance skin air kerma and entrance skin dose values for both age groups

This paper presents experimental results of dynamic breakdown voltage and delay response as functions of gamma ray air kerma rate for xenon-filled tube at 2.7 mbar pressure. Gamma ray air kerma rate range was considered from 123 nGy h–1 up to 12.3 mGy h–1 in order to investigate the possibility of the application of this tube in gamma radiation dosimetry. It was shown that the variations of the above-mentioned

The common methods for patient dose estimations in computed tomography (CT) are thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD) measurements or the usage of software packages based on Monte Carlo simulations like CT-Expo or the newer CTVoxDos, which uses the ICRP Reference Adult Male (ICRP 110). Organ (OD) and effective doses of a CT protocol of the upper abdomen are compared. Compared to CTVoxDos, ODs inferred

This paper presents the study that would allow a revision of the currently valid diagnostic reference level in intraoral dental X-ray radiography in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study was conducted for six procedures that are used to capture incisor, premolar and molar teeth, of both maxilla and mandible, in adults. Measurements were performed on 41 intraoral X-ray devices, 20 of which were systems

Performance evaluation is typically assessed as part of the approval procedure to verify that a dosimetry system fulfils specified national or international type-test requirements under representative exposure conditions that are expected to mimic workplace fields from the radiological activities being monitored. The International Atomic Energy Agency Radiation Safety Technical Services Laboratory

To help minimise occupational radiation exposure in interventional radiology, we conceptualised a virtual reality-based radiation safety training system to help operators understand complex radiation fields and to avoid high radiation areas through game-like interactive simulations. The preliminary development of the system has yielded results suggesting that the training system can calculate and report

The ICRU proposed new operational quantities, which are defined in close relation to effective dose and absorbed dose. Most of the current personal dosemeters were designed to measure personal dose equivalents. Because of differences between the new and old quantities, the existing dosemeters may not be ideal for measurements of the new quantities, personal dose, Hp, and absorbed dose in local skin

Objective: The present study was performed to evaluate the frequencies of two kinds of examinations using a proportional sample of 262 medical institutions and to observe the factors affecting the amount of examination-related exposure. The other aim of the present study was to observe the relationship between X-ray and CT frequency with GDP per capita, which could indicate the connection between medical

The application of the kerma-area product (PKA) meter is increased rapidly in dosimetry. This study presents measurements of PKA in adherence to the International Atomic Energy Agency protocol for 300 adult patients in digital radiographic procedures. Effective doses (ED) were calculated from PKA measurements and conversion coefficients (E-103/PKA) obtained from the International Commission on radiological

The capabilities of electret ion chambers (EICs) to measure mean ambient dose equivalent rates were investigated by performing both laboratory and field studies of their properties. First, EICs were ‘calibrated’ to measure ambient gamma dose equivalent in the Ionizing Calibration Laboratory of the Greek Atomic Energy Commission. The EICs were irradiated with different gamma photon energies and from

The main purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic reference level (DRL) for routine digital radiography examinations in Mazandaran province.

The aim of this study is to assess the evaluation of radiation protection principles observance in dental radiography centers and hazards. This cross-sectional study was designed to assess level of radiation protection principles in dentistry centers. The present cross-sectional study was conducted by enrolling 103 dentistry centers in Kermanshah province (west of Iran). Our finding illustrates 75

To observe the rates of repeated computed tomographic scans (CTs) in a cohort of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and to assess the validity of repeat CTs.

AbstractLarge-scale water conservancy projects bear much economic and social significance. However, there is a lack of systematic research on how such projects affect radioactivity levels in regional water bodies. For the first time, the present paper uses data for nearly 10 y at different impoundment levels during construction of the dam to analyze changes in water radioactivity concentration levels

The Republic of Kazakhstan has a long history of mining activities, viz., gold and uranium. Mining activities represent sources of potential naturally occurring radionuclides contamination of the environment and human health of population. The aim of this study was to investigate the radiation situation of industrially modified environment in Stepnogorsk areas of Kazakhstan to understand the sources

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the radiological technologists’ training on optimising the eye lens dose in brain computed tomography (CT) examinations. The lens dose of 50 adult patients was measured using thermoluminescent dosimeters before and after technologists’ training. Dose values of lenses, dose length product (DLP), volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) as well as image quality

Airborne radioruthenium, as a result of an accidental release, presents a risk for occupational and public exposure. In fall 2017, a detection of 106Ru was reported by the European atmospheric radioactive contamination monitoring networks. We investigated the daily specific total beta activity of PM10 particle fractions samples. The presented method enables indirect determination of airborne 106Ru

Estimating organ absorbed doses in consideration of person-specific parameters is important for radiation protection in diagnostic nuclear medicine. This study proposes a straightforward method for estimating the organ dose that reflects a specific organ mass by scaling the reference organ dose using the inverse ratio of the specific organ mass to the reference organ mass. For the administration of

This study evaluated repeated mean organ dose measurements of the liver by phantom dosimetry and statistical modelling in order to find a way to reduce the number of dosemeters needed for precise organ dose measurements. Thermoluminescent dosemeters were used in an adult female phantom exposed to a biplanar x-ray source at three different axial phantom rotations. Generalised mixed linear effect modelling

Occupational radiation exposure for medical workers in radiology and cardiology was analyzed in nine hospitals in the UAE between 2002 and 2016. The purpose of the study was to determine the time trend and the differences in occupational radiation exposure among worker groups and hospitals in the country.

Pregnancy increases the risk of pulmonary embolism. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is used for diagnosis. CT generates ionising radiation, and thus, abdominal shielding may be used. This phantom study investigated the effects of patient shielding and scan length reduction on the fetal and maternal ionising radiation dose from CTPA. The absorbed dose to the fetus was measured using

In the present study, incident air kerma has been measured, for six intraoral examinations, for establishing regional adult diagnostic reference levels (DRLs), in intraoral radiography, in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 131 units, both digital (semiconductor-based) and analog (film-based) radiography systems, were selected for the study. The third quartile values, for the six intraoral examinations

AbstractThis study analyses the ambient dose equivalent around transmission full-body scanners used in Brazilian prisons and airports. In order to achieve this goal, three transmission full-body scanners of the same model assembled by a Brazilian manufacturer were evaluated. Ambient dose equivalent rates were measured at several positions around these screening devices with the help of an ionisation

Since radio frequency (RF) signals from public mobile systems are stochastic and exhibit large temporal variations, the results of measurements, typically E field measurements, are time dependent and highly variable. Therefore, any 6-min measurements and 6-min averaged results to obtain the mean level strength at a given place may not be so reliable when it comes to determine long-term exposure levels

This multicenter study evaluated computed tomography dose index volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) to contribute to establishing computed tomography (CT) national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Data from 240 patients, who underwent CT head, chest, abdomen–pelvis and urography examinations, were analyzed, including patient age, sex and weight, CTDIvol

This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the uncertainty in measurement of the personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), at nine individual monitoring services (IMSs) in Asia and the Pacific region. Different types of passive dosemeters were type-tested according to the International Electrotechnical Commission 62387 requirements. The uncertainty in measurement was calculated using the Guide to

There was a typo in the title of the original article, where the word `Aisa' was accidentally used instead of `Asia'. This has now been corrected in the online version of the article.

This study aimed to explore the diagnosis of urinary calculi through utilisation of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR). Data from 140 patients that had undergone pathological or operative diagnosis with urinary calculi were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received conventional-dose computed tomography (CDCT)

The growing popularity of mobile phones and the expansion of network infrastructure in Greece have raised concerns about the possible negative health effects on sensitive groups, such as children, from exposure to long-term radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs).

In this paper, we intend to evaluate the rate of radon and thoron exhalation from soil with reference to the underlying bedrock and gamma dose rate in the environment of elevated granitic hill—Nandi hills of Karnataka. The measurement of exhalation rates for all the soil samples collected from study area was carried out using a continuous radon–thoron monitor (Smart RnDuo monitor). The surface exhalation

The eye lens exposure among 16 technicians in two nuclear medicine departments at university hospitals in Finland was investigated by measuring the operational quantity Hp(3) using EYE-D dosemeters. For all workers, the annual mean Hp(3) was estimated to be 1.1 mSv (max. 3.9 mSv). The relation between Hp(3) to routinely monitored personal dose equivalent Hp(10) was clearly correlated. Considering individual

Data on occupational radiation exposure of radiation workers at a tertiary hospital in China during 2013–18 were analyzed to provide decision-making advice for hospitals and health administrative departments. A total of 1255 exposure records of radiation workers were collected. The average annual effective doses of radiation workers during 2013–18 was 0.4977 mSv, with 1150 (91.63%) records ranging

An oil and gas production facility in the western desert of Egypt was investigated for possible radiation risks due to the routine operation. Radium-226, Radium-228 and Potassium-40 were assessed in the soil samples collected from the adjacent soakaway pond. The average 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K activity concentrations were 881.0 ± 42.0, 966.0 ± 43.0 and 143.0 ± 8.0 Bq kg−1, respectively. Both 226Ra and

188Re and 186Re are two applicable rhenium medical radioisotopes with complementary features that make them beneficial for different sizes of tumours. The aim of this study is to investigate 188/186Re-HEDP efficacy as a cocktail by calculating absorbed radiation dose in human organs based on biodistribution data obtained by injecting it to normal rats. Three rats were sacrificed at different time intervals

The aim of the study was to measure and evaluate the radiation dose to the eye lens and forehead of interventional radiologists (IRs). The study included 96 procedures (lower-limb percutaneous transluminal angioplasties, embolisations/chemoembolisations and vertebroplasties) performed by 6 IRs. A set of seven thermoluminescence dosemeters was allocated to each physician. The highest dose per procedure

Decommissioning of nuclear power plants is a multistage process involving complex operations like radiological characterization, decontamination and dismantling of plant equipment, demolition of structures, and processing and disposal of waste. Radioactive effluents released into the environment may result in exposure of population through various exposure pathways. The present study estimates the

The effect of buildup factors on absorbed dose rate in air and the effective dose from gamma rays of primordial radionuclides in building materials, was investigated in the article. Specific absorbed dose rates were calculated for the standard concrete room, as well as, for rooms where brick and covering building materials were used. For all room models the Harima (G-P) buildup factors were applied

A set of five Bonner spheres was used to measure the ambient neutron H*(10) dose around an orphan 241Am-Be neutron source shielded with different arrangements and types of neutron-absorbing materials. These results were compared to measurements obtained using a portable radiation dosemeter. The Bonner sphere measurement results identified the presence of a large thermal and intermediate neutron component

According to the ALARA principle, exposure to radiation should be reduced as low as reasonably achievable. This principle is very important in nuclear medicine (NM), and different investigations have been performed by establishing protocols and standards for staff protection. This study aims to measure the operational quantities, personal dose equivalent, Hp (10), Hp (0.07) and Hp (3) for NM staff

BACKGROUND There is an exponential growth of public concern worldwide regarding the exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by wind turbines. The high concern of the general population enhances the fact that EMF exposure remains a crucial issue that demands specific actions and reliable data to evaluate possible health hazards. MATERIALS AND METHODS EMF exposure measurements were conducted

HemoDose is a software tool, which estimates absorbed doses based on blood cell counts (BCC). The aim of our study was to validate HemoDose for early dose estimates. Dose estimates generated by HemoDose were compared with dose estimates stored in SEARCH from radiation victims. Moreover, BCC from unirradiated donors and corresponding HemoDose dose estimates were analysed. We employed linear or logistic

The anisotropic emission of neutrons from a cylindrical X1 252Cf source with the spherical external casing was experimentally determined. The influence of metal materials and shapes of the external casing to the anisotropy factor, FI(θ), was assessed by the Monte Carlo calculation, before performing the measurement. The results of the calculation implied that light- and spherical-shaped external casing

The present study aimed to record natural radionuclide content in branded food samples representative of a typical North Indian diet. Forty samples of various food items falling into three categories namely, cereal grains, pulses and beverages were collected from the local markets of Punjab. The radiometric analysis was performed using NaI(Tl) scintillator detector. The activity concentrations ranged

Inhalation doses due to radon and thoron are predominantly due to the inhalation of progeny of Radon and Thoron. The progeny/decay-products of radon and thoron are particulates unlike their parent gas and exhibit different physical properties like attachment to the aerosols and deposition on different surfaces. All these properties in turn depend on the environmental conditions such as air velocity

Estimation of cancer risk based on the organ-absorbed dose is underway for the Japanese Epidemiological Study on Low-Dose Radiation Effects (J-EPISODE). The reconstruction method for the organ-absorbed dose follows the approach adopted in the IARC 15-Country Collaborative Study, which examined the dosemeter response to photon exposure for the old film badge (FB) type, a multi-element FB and a thermoluminescence

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) established the framework for the use of exposure index (EI) for evaluating the exposure conditions with various digital systems. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of EI, as per the IEC, by comparing the EIs obtained through manual calculated and that displayed on the console of two computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) systems

To determine the influence of optimal collimation during lumbar spine radiography on radiation dose and image quality.

After a short review of the achievements of the Microdosimetric d(z) Model in describing and predicting the response of luminescent detectors for different exposure conditions, recent comments and suggestions are systematically addressed also in light of more recent findings.

A survey of indoor radon/thoron and their progeny concentrations was carried out in dwellings in the South West Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, India. The survey was carried out using solid-state nuclear track detectors based on single-entry pinhole dosimeter and direct radon/thoron progeny sensors. The results are subjected to statistical analysis and discussed in the manuscript. The mean value

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on dose area product (DAP), effective dose (E), dose to the organs and image quality (IQ) on 200 patients referred to pelvic radiography. Patients were classified into three groups according to BMI: normal (<24.99), overweight (25.0-29.99) and obese (>30). The results showed 52% and 135% higher DAP for overweight and

In the absence of information on radiation doses in mammography in the Gulf countries, this study was designed to assess patient dose in terms of entrance surface air kerma and average glandular dose (AGD) in three mammography units in Qatar that covers 21% of all mammography systems in the country. The study of 150 patients involving 600 projections indicated that the average value of AGD in patients

The present study concerns measurement of the radon concentration in drinking and irrigation waters obtained from the eastern part of Oman, in particular in regard to water quality assessment of the region. The samples were collected from different places covering most types of water sources in the region. A passive and time-integrated track etch detector (LR-115 type II) combined with a high-resolution

Urine, hair and nail samples were collected from a population of both sex aged from 40 to 87 years in Niška Banja (227 km south of Belgrade, Serbia) with a high level of natural radioactivity (HLNRA). To assess and monitor the public exposure, urine samples for each subject (24 h period) were collected and concentration of uranium (U) was analysed using alpha-particle spectrometry. Human hair and nails

Namie Town in Fukushima Prefecture, the majority of which was an evacuation area as a result of the effects of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, carried out a 'temporal stay' in September 2016 so that residents could check their houses. Therefore, in cooperation with the town authorities, the authors distributed personal dosemeters and behaviour record forms to record the personal

A hand-made air GM counter was developed using simple, low-cost and easily available materials. The detector was successful in demonstrating the inverse square law, shielding effect, and determining the half-life of thoron gas. The possibility of using the tube design as a simple proportional counter to provide energy information has been explored and preliminary experiment and simulation results appear

The environmental radioactivity levels of two typical uranium mines in the south of China were investigated and analysed. According to the characteristics of uranium mines, the relevant parameters, including the surface gamma ray dose rate, concentration of radon in the air and concentration of radionuclides in the soil and surface water, of two uranium mines were evaluated and analysed. The results

This study aimed to verify whether there is whole-body (WB) count loss due to dead time of gamma camera when high amount of 131I is administered to patients. Planar views of a phantom containing 5751 MBq of 131I were acquired at 24-h intervals for 68 d. Eighty-two patients ≤21 y old were given diagnostic activity (74 MBq) followed by therapeutic activity (1110-5772 MBq). WB scans of patients were acquired

The purpose of this study is to construct boundary representation (BREP) phantom for Chinese women of childbearing age, to estimate the external radiation dose and to analyze radiation protection scheme. The BREP phantom for Chinese women of childbearing age was constructed by image segmentation, 3D reconstruction, non-uniform rational B-spline surface construction and voxelization. The photon-irradiated