This study compares dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) images of a phantom including different material inserts and with additional lateral titanium or stainless steel inserts, simulating bilateral hip prostheses. Dual-source (DS) and fast kV-switching (FKS) DECT with/without metal artefact reduction (MAR) were compared with regards to virtually monoenergetic CT number accuracy and the depiction

A radioluminescence (RL) study of dose characteristics of tissue-equivalent LiF:Mg,Ti was carried out to determine the possible application as a real-time dosemeter. An RL measurements system based on LiF:Mg,Ti coupled with optical fiber was developed, and a blank fiber was set to remove the stem effect generated by the optical fiber due to direct radiation. A slight increase of RL sensitivity with

Determination of appropriate radiation doses to paediatric patients in accordance with the as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle is important, as it allows for effective optimization of imaging techniques. This study assessed the status of radiation dose levels in paediatric patients undergoing chest X-ray examinations at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. A population encompassing 86 paediatric

The purpose of this study is to develop a method for use at extremely low-dose ranges and to decrease the uncertainty outside the recommended range of Gafchromic RTQA2 (RTQA2). By this method, the CT dose including the scattered radiation region can be grasped. The base density was increased by ultraviolet (UV)-ray preirradiation. RTQA2 was irradiated with UV-A rays for 26 and 40 h. Subsequently, RTQA2

Radiation can have undesirable effects on the eye, including a gradual loss of vision. Unnecessary radiation can reach the eye lens during non-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain. The International Commission on Radiological Protection states the threshold for acute and chronic eye lens exposure is 500 mGy and the equivalent dose limit for the eye lens for public exposure is 15 mSv

The purpose of the present work was to compare the quality of low-dose projections from a photon-counting with a flat-panel system, and to evaluate a novel image processing method. Images were acquired of phantoms in both systems at average glandular doses ranging from ~ 0.15 to 1.4 mGy. Automated detection of low-contrast features and modulation transfer functions were evaluated in phantom images

This study estimated the occupational radiation dose received by nuclear medicine and radiotherapy technologists in Saudi Arabia. A retrospective analysis of personal dosemetry data of 1243 nuclear medicine and radiotherapy technologists from 28 medical centers across Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2019 was conducted. Thermoluminescent dosemeters were employed to monitor the occupational radiation dose

Digital radiography systems can reduce radiation dose, this capability was harnessed to explore dose and image quality (IQ) optimisation strategies. Entrance surface dose (ESD), effective dose (ED) and organ doses were determined by the indirect method for patients undergoing pelvic anteroposterior X-ray examinations with computed radiography systems. The IQ of patients’ radiographs was assessed in

The annual average effective dose (ED) for operating room personnel (ORP) in Saudi Arabia was estimated from the period of 2015–2019 using thermoluminescent dosemeters. A retrospective analysis was conducted on annual EDs for 7530 ORP working across 52 hospitals. These workers were only exposed to radiation in the operating room. The annual average ED over the period of 5 years was found to be 0.59 mSv

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate national incidents related to medical radiation practices in Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2019, and the actions taken to deal with these cases. The radiation protection program of the Saudi Ministry of Health monitors occupational doses for medical staff. When the radiation doses exceed the assigned investigation levels, an investigation protocol should be followed

This paper describes the essential of the “Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” Framework (GUMF) Method and Monte Carlo Method (MCM) for propagating uncertainties, with an application to Gabon results obtained during the 2018 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) regional intercomparison exercise. The work has shown that the output quantity Hp (10) follows a lognormal distribution

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publishes guidance on protection against radon exposure in homes and workplaces. ICRP Publication 137 recommends a dose coefficient of 3 mSv per mJ h m−3 (~10 mSv WLM−1) to be used in most circumstances of radon exposure, for workers in buildings and in underground mines. Recently, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic

AbstractThe objective of this study is to estimate the annual effective dose for cardiologists and nurses by measuring Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) during cardiac catheterization procedures. A total of 16 staffs members were working in interventional cardiology during 1 year at a tertiary hospital. The occupational dose was measured using calibrated thermo-luminescent dosemeters (TLD-100, LiF:Mg,Ti). The overall

AbstractDual-energy computed tomography (CT) can be used in radiotherapy treatment planning for the calculation of absorbed dose distributions. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether there is room for improvement in the accuracy of the Monoenergetic Plus algorithm by Siemens Healthineers. A Siemens SOMATOM Force scanner was used to scan a cylindrical polymethyl methacrylate phantom with four rod-inserts

AbstractNovel building materials were manufactured and analyzed for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K using an HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The results show that the highest value of 40K was 4530 Bq per kg which was measured in a sample containing fly ashes from olive stones. The highest values of 226Ra and 232Th activities were 181 and 185 Bq per kg, which were measured in a sample with fly ashes from the co-combustion

AbstractNaturally occurring radon-222 was evaluated for its use in estimating annual effective dose exposure in groundwater samples of the southeast coastal area of Bangladesh. On-site radon concentration was measured in groundwater using AlphaGUARD PQ2000 PRO (Saphymo, Germany) radon monitor. The measured values range 0.36–15.70 Bq per l, which lies within the safe limit of 4–40 Bq per l recommended

The outdoor gamma radiation dose rates due to natural radioactivity and due to the artificial radionuclides released from the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents and Algeciras incident were assessed in the Algiers province (capital of Algeria). Furthermore, the dose rates induced by the cosmic rays were analytically calculated in the province concerned. The recorded dose rates due to terrestrial outdoor

The Urine Analysis Laboratory of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute has developed an in vitro method for measuring uranium in spot urine samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with microwave-assisted digestion and standard addition. To validate this procedure, the frozen human urine standard reference material (SRM 2668), such as uranium and creatinine, were analyzed

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate a baseline for the effective doses received by radiography internship students in Saudi Arabia. A retrospective study was conducted from 2015 to 2018 to discern the effective dose measurements for a total of 206 students using optically stimulated luminescence dosemeters. Readings were performed using the OSLR-250 Automatic Reader. Data analysis was carried out

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ionizing radiation exposure in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

This study aims to evaluate patient radiation dose during fluoroscopically guided endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) procedures. Fluoroscopy time (FT) and kerma-area product (KAP) were recorded from 87 patients that underwent EVAR procedures with a mobile C-arm fluoroscopy system. Effective dose (ED) and organs’ doses were calculated utilising appropriate conversion coefficients based on the recorded

Measurement of dissolved radon concentrations in the water samples collected from selected borewells (depth ~300 ft), wells (depth ~25 ft) and overhead tanks (height ~30 ft) of Mandya city, Karnataka, India, has been carried out by using Emanometry method. The radon concentrations in the waters of borewell, well and overhead tank ranges from 1.5 ± 0.1 to 102.8 ± 5.1, 1.3 ± 0.1 to 3.8 ± 0.4 and 2.5 ± 0

The influence of soil grain size on its radon emanation mechanism was investigated by developing a Monte-Carlo model. The proposed model supplements the previous formulations by accounting for the effect elicited by specific surface area of the sample. The specific surface area of a sample is governed by its grain size and it strongly influences the emanation rate which is a surface phenomenon. The

AbstractX-ray usage in medical diagnosis could have hurtful effects for both patient and medical imaging wards’ personnel as a result of failure to follow radiation protection (RP) principles (shielding, distance and time) by radiographers. This cross-sectional descriptive–analytical study was carried out by valid and reliable online questionnaire, which was completed by 103 radiographers. Data were

Pelvis radiography is a frequent X-ray examination. The objective of our study was to determine the minimum dose to be delivered without reducing the quality. We included 60 children having a pelvis X-ray in four groups that were equally represented by weight ranges. A software simulated, for each radiograph, six additional simulated photonic noise images corresponding to 100, 80, 64, 50, 40 and 32%

AbstractIn this study, radon and radium concentrations of spa waters around Eskişehir county were measured using E-Perm method. Radon and radium concentrations were determined between 0.75 ± 0.18 and 8.98 ± 0.80 Bq l−1, 3.44 ± 0.34 and 70.63 ± 4.13 mBq l−1, respectively. At the sampling time, indoor and outdoor background gamma radiation, pH, water temperature and conductivity were measured for the

AbstractThe aim of this research paper is to estimate the mean value of extremely low frequency (ELF) exposure in schools in Greece. Detailed ELF measurements were conducted and analyzed by the Weighted Peak Method (WPM), which estimates the overall contribution of electromagnetic waves from 1 Hz to 400 kHz, including their phases. A sample of 243 schools was sampled to calculate. The mean value of

AbstractThe authors’ previous study suggested that a simple standing-type whole-body counter called FASTSCAN (Canberra, Meriden, CT, USA), widely installed throughout Japan after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in March 2011, could be used for thyroid measurements in internal dose assessment after a future radiological incident accompanied by the release of 131I into the

In the framework of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) J02012 on ‘Advancing Radiation Detection Equipment for Detecting Nuclear and Other Radioactive Material Out of Regulatory Control’, the properties of two commercial instruments (1) InSpector 1000 analyzer (Canberra), with a 2″ × 2″ NaI(Tl) scintillator and (2) RIIDEYE M-G3 analyzer (Thermo Scientific), with a 3″ × 3″ NaI(Tl) scintillator

Forty-nine different samples (crude oil, surface soil, produced water and sludge) from onshore oil fields in the Western Desert of Egypt were assessed for naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) levels using HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 25 ± 1.3, 26 ± 1.0 and 21 ± 1.5; 9.8 ± 0.50, 11 ± 0.40 and 94 ± 6.9; 130 ± 6.6, 91 ± 3.4 and

This study was conducted to determine first local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and achievable doses (ADs) for pediatric patients during the most common computed tomography (CT) procedures in Yazd province. The DRL was obtained based on volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) for four various age groups of children. Data were collected from the most commonly performed pediatric

The choice of the material base to which the material decomposition is performed in dual-energy computed tomography may affect the quality of reconstructed images. The aim of this work is to investigate how the commonly used bases (water, bone), (water, iodine) and (photoelectric effect, Compton scattering) affect the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficient in the case of the Alvarez–Macovski

The purpose was to derive local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for adults common computed tomography (CT) examinations in Moroccan hospital. The data of patients were collected retrospectively from one facility for 2 months period. The proposed LDRLs were defined as 75th percentile of spreads for CT dose index-volume (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP). Findings were compared with diagnostic

AbstractTo evaluate and compare the absorbed dose and image quality when applying a commercially produced fixation device (group A) and a vaccum mattress fixation device to pediatric patients (group B). We compared the absorbed dose and image noise between the groups at the phantom and clinical study. For phantom study, the measurement absorbed dose for a real time skin dosimeter was 3.0 mGy at the

Magnetic confinement nuclear fusion is an important way to realize controllable nuclear fusion. Due to the large current and complicated coil arrangement, there is a complicated electromagnetic environment around the fusion device. In this paper, the B-dot sensor is used to measure the magnetic field, the D-dot sensor is used to measure the electric field, the MAXWELL electromagnetic simulation software

The increase in the amount of radioactive materials administered to patients as well as the number of procedures performed has focused attention on the issue of radiation exposure to the hands of workers in nuclear medicine departments worldwide. The study aims to estimate the equivalent doses to the hands of individuals in nuclear medicine departments in Saudi. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted

This study has sought to evaluate patient exposures during the course of particular diagnostic positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) techniques. A total of 73 patients were examined using two types of radiopharmaceutical: 18F-fluorocholine (FCH, 48 patients) and 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA, 25 patients). The mean and range of administered activity (AA) in MBq

AbstractVirtual clinical trials (VCTs) can be used to evaluate and optimise medical imaging systems. VCTs are based on computer simulations of human anatomy, imaging modalities and image interpretation. OpenVCT is an open-source framework for conducting VCTs of medical imaging, with a particular focus on breast imaging. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the OpenVCT framework in two tasks involving

This study aimed to identify the uncertainty in estimations of organ absorbed dose using dedicated software by comparing with corresponding doses measured in physical phantoms. The comparison was performed for whole-body computed tomography (CT) obtained as part of positron emission tomography. Whole-body CT scans provide an advantage in terms of comparison because all organs are in the primary beam

Diagnostic examinations in nuclear medicine increase. This can cause a higher radiation burden to the personnel. The aim of this study was to create and apply a method to validate the occupational radiation protection at the Department of Nuclear Medicine using thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLD).

Cerium oxide nanoparticles with integrated gadolinium have been proved to be useful as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Of question is their performance in dual-energy computed tomography. The aims of this work are to determine (1) the relation between the computed tomography number and the concentration of the I, Gd or Ce contrast agent and (2) under what conditions it is possible to

AbstractRadiation doses from paediatric cardiac catheterizations were analysed based on procedure type and patient weight, and local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) were proposed. The procedures were performed on a Siemens Artis Q.zen biplane system with high-sensitivity detectors allowing low-dose imaging. Good radiological practice, e.g. adapting dose level and frame rate continuously and minimizing

AbstractThis study was aimed at the estimation of the effective doses and radiation risks from dental X-ray examinations based on the data collection in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. The range of mean values of effective doses for intraoral examinations on the X-ray units with film detectors was from 3.5 to 8.2 μSv and for the units with digital detectors—from 1.2 to 2.5 μSv. The mean effective

AbstractFor 177Lu-DOTATATE treatments, dosimetry based on manual kidney segmentation from computed tomography (CT) is accurate but time consuming and might be affected by misregistration between CT and SPECT images. This study develops a convolution neural network (CNN) for automated kidney segmentation that accurately aligns CT segmented volume of interest (VOI) to the kidneys in SPECT images. The

In this study, electric field and magnetic field strengths at 50 Hz are measured in a solar power plant located far from residential areas, and the measurement results near various sources of the electric and magnetic fields in the power plant are presented. Although the measured values for the electric field caused by the solar panel range between 0.07 and 1.33 V/m, the measured values for the magnetic

Since 2012, the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) has developed its Strategic Research Agenda (SRA), which contributes to the identification of future research needs in radiation dosimetry in Europe. Continued scientific developments in this field necessitate regular updates and, consequently, this paper summarises the latest revision of the SRA, with input regarding the state of the art

This study aimed to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and coronary arterial calcium score (CACS) owing to a large variability in patient radiation dose and the lack of dose recommendations in Taiwan. Volume computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were obtained using CCTAs and the CACS of 445 patients over

The purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges in comparing digital radiography (DR) systems from different vendors for various combinations of exposure factors in posterior–anterior hand radiographs. Image quality was evaluated for a range of tube voltages and tube current-time products using a technical contrast-detail (CDRAD) phantom and an anthropomorphic hand phantom. 900 technical

Growing use of fractional flow reserve (FFR) and intracoronary imaging techniques by optical coherence tomography or intravascular ultrasound has raised concerns about additional exposure during coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). Using data from the prospective CRAC-France PCI Prospective Multicentre registry, we sought to evaluate the effect of these new techniques

The radioactive aerosol generated by the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) decommissioning process can be inhaled by workers and deposited inside the human body, resulting in internal exposure. Because internal exposure, unlike external exposure, is difficult to measure directly, it is all the more necessary to assess the dose workers receive as a result of internal exposure. Precise assessment of the internal

Quantifying the radiological risk from diagnostic radiography is essential for patients’ safety. Effective dose is considered the best quantity to determine the stochastic risk associated with the radiological examinations. Therefore, the present work investigated organ and effective dose for adult patients in the most common type of X-ray examinations, such as the chest (PA/LAT), abdomen (AP) and

AbstractThe aim of this study is to implement lifetime attributable risk (LAR) predictions for radiation induced cancers for Swedish cohorts of patients of various age and sex, undergoing diagnostic investigations by nuclear medicine methods. Methods: Calculations are performed on Swedish groups of patients with Paget's disease and with bone metastases from prostatic cancer and diagnosed with bone

AbstractImaging optimisation can benefit from combining structured data with qualitative data in the form of audio and video recordings. Since video is complex to work with, there is a need to find a workable solution that minimises the additional time investment. The purpose of the paper is to outline a general workflow that can begin to address this issue. What is described is a data management process

Automatic segmentation of bones in computed tomography (CT) images is used for instance in beam hardening correction algorithms where it improves the accuracy of resulting CT numbers. Of special interest are pelvic bones, which—because of their strong attenuation—affect the accuracy of brachytherapy in this region. This work evaluated the performance of the JJ2016 algorithm with the performance of

A method has been proposed to evaluate the kinetic parameters, viz. activation energy (⁠|$E$|⁠) and order of kinetics (⁠|$b$|⁠) from a single or isolated thermoluminescence (TL) glow peak. Along with the area under the entire curve, this method uses a set of three arbitrary data points and calculates the partial area under the curve from each point to the endpoint. In this way, the entire information

The aim of this phantom study is to examine radiation doses of dual- and single-energy computed tomography (DECT and SECT) in the chest and upper abdomen for three different multi-slice CT scanners. A total of 34 CT protocols were examined with the phantom N1 LUNGMAN. Four different CT examination types of different anatomic regions were performed both in single- and dual-energy technique: chest, aorta

Ambient dose equivalent rates were measured in the environment of the Fukushima prefecture using NaI(Tl)/CsI(Tl) scintillation detectors and CdZnTe/Ge semiconductor detectors. The dose rates obtained at the same locations varied beyond uncertainty (1σ). By replacing the spectrum-dose conversion operators obtained from the anterior–posterior geometry with those from the rotational geometry, the dose

This investigation is aimed to study the feasibility of size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) to patient dosimetry in pediatric head CT scans and to establish typical values in a hospital in Tunja, Colombia. The volumetric computed tomography index (CTDIvol) and the dose-length product of 468 pediatric patients from newborn to 15-year-olds, who underwent non-contrast head CT scans, were collected retrospectively

Tomioka Town is located within a 20-km radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. Radiation dose rates due to radiocesium in residents’ living spaces were evaluated from the measurements of ambient dose rates and environmental samples after returning home. The mean ambient dose rates were 0.15–0.18-μSv/h indoors and 0.23–0.26-μSv/h outdoors during 2018 and 2019, and the additional radiation

The main purpose of this study was to determine local diagnostic reference level (LDRL) for Routine Computed Tomography (CT) examination in, Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) South West Ethiopia. Retrospective study was conducted to determine LDRL for routine CT examination in JUMC. We have considered CTDIvol and DLP as dosimetric quantity based on the recommended guidelines to determine LDRLs