Nocturnal sap flow is an important part of plant sap flow, while it is usually regarded as negligible. Consequently, the aim of this study was to measure nocturnal stem sap flow of Acer truncatum and to determine its driving force in an urban green space. Stomatal aperture was measured using surface impression method in a typical clear day of August. Sap flux density were monitored by a thermal diffusive

Although Cameraria ohridella is a pest mining Aesculus hippocastanum leaves, has been known in Europe for 30 years, there is still no completely efficient method for control of this insect. The defence strategies of A. hippocastanum leaves against infestations by this pest have not been fully elucidated yet. The aim of the present study was to identify the defence strategy adopted by A. hippocastanum

The idea of nature having multiple benefits for urban management and planning is gaining prominence alongside the rise of climate change awareness. It is expressed through concepts such as nature-based solutions (NbS), ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), and blue-green infrastructure (BGI). Despite their popularity in the international arena, relatively little is known about how these concepts are used

Urban green areas are an important part of the cities that provide ‘novel ecosystem’ for the preservation of many plants and animals. Pollinators are the one animal group that are well adapted to live in the urban environment. However, not all green areas in the city affect pollinators equally, which is associated with management practices, vegetation composition, and distance to the city center. Our

Urbanisation from the developing world has been phenomenal and renewed the interest of studying the connection between urban greenness and subjective wellbeing. This paper responds to this greenness-wellbeing connection by shifting its focus towards systematically exploring the influences of urban greenness, perceived pollution hazards, and their interaction terms on subjective wellbeing. Using a combination

It is important to quantify the value of green space amenities in order to justify the cost of their creation and maintenance; furthermore, advances in available data and methods have produced exciting ways to measure the economic values of green infrastructure. In this study, we use publicly available data from Zillow, Inc. to implement the hedonic pricing method at a novel scope and scale. We analyze

Many scholars have recently looked to adaptive management and adaptive governance as new approaches to implement green infrastructure. Much of the recent scholarship, however, that argues for combining the three concepts of adaptive management, adaptive governance, and green infrastructure is either theoretical, at early planning stages, or based on relatively small experiments. Since green infrastructure

Greenways are linear green spaces that are widely incorporated as policy instruments to address various urban issues. Heterogeneity is observed among the forms, functions, and activities of greenways. However, a number of studies have viewed urban greenways as homogeneous landscape features despite the increasing heterogeneity of urban greenways caused by transportation development. Taking the “three-legged

With the development of botany and urban greening, Europe and the United States have conducted extensive collections of urban greening plants worldwide especially in China. Because of its unique ornamental value, economic significance and ecological benefits, bamboo has become the main collecting target in China and has been widely introduced to the United States. Studying the history of introduction

A well-designed urban green space encourages outdoor activity and social interactions, and can thereby potentially contribute to the health of urban dwellers and social harmony. Although social relations (SR) have been widely studied in social science, they are rarely studied in the context of urban green spaces. This study proposes considering SR as cultural ecosystem services, which would yield new

Urban parks and tree-lined streets are major components of urban greenspaces, as well as the most frequently used public spaces for senior citizens. Studies have shown significant associations between urban greenspaces and various health outcomes of older adults. However, most of them focused on urban parks or overall vegetation coverage, and few have considered the impact of street greenery. The lack

Background With the increasing demand for forest tourism and forest leisure space in recent years, providing a high-quality forest landscape space to participants has become an increasingly important topic for designers and managers of forest parks. Main purpose To clarify differences in the visual behavior characteristics and psychological cognitive evaluation of participants when viewing different

Green infrastructure (GI), practices consisting of using vegetation and soil to manage stormwater runoff (e.g., rain gardens, vegetated roofs, bioswales, etc.), has been adopted by cities across the world to help address aging water infrastructure, water quality, excess water quantity, and urban planning needs. Although GI’s contribution to stormwater control and management has been extensively studied

Materialism – the ideation and overemphasis of physical possessions, status and image values – is highly prevalent in present-day societies, and is associated with numerous psychological and societal costs. In three studies, we tested whether exposure to nature versus urban environments would be associated with decreased materialism. In Study 1, using consumer data from The United States, we found

Climate change and urbanization are the two major drivers that can alter vegetation growth processes in the urban environment. However, the effects of these two drivers on the continuous vegetation dynamics in the urban environments are not well understood, especially at a high spatial resolution. This study identified the urban fringe zones and explored the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation

Climate change challenges urban planners, urban designers, landscape architecture professionals and horticulturists to pursue more sustainable vegetation in urban spaces. However, climate change also helps to free up conventional thinking, by making people come to terms with the idea that the future will not be the same as the past. Throughout the past twenty years, there has been much attention directed

Most studies on vegetation phenology along the urban–rural gradient (URG) have focused on inland cities, with a comparative lack of research on coastal cities despite their different climatic background. We used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land surface temperature (LST), and land cover data to determine spatiotemporal patterns in vegetation phenology with respect to LST along

Urban green spaces have gained notoriety in recent years, as they have been argued to play an important role in supporting native biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. However, such a promising perspective is poorly investigated in the tropical context. Here we examine the role played by urban green areas in a major city (Recife-Brazil) as a repository for Atlantic forest biodiversity

Square dancing is a popular public activity performed in squares and parks in Chinese cities. Although dancers benefit from such activity physically and mentally, nearby residents may suffer from noise pollution and other negative externalities. However, only a few existing studies have explored the effects of square dancing on the value of residential properties and open spaces. To fill this knowledge

The emission of climate-relevant gases, especially carbon dioxide, is often associated with urban areas. However, cities have accumulated organic carbon in their soils and vegetation over centuries and offer important ecosystem services for the city through carbon storage. The aim of this study is to estimate the total carbon storage of the central European city of Berlin by combining the organic carbon

Urban green infrastructure (UGI) provides numerous environmental, social and economic benefits through direct and indirect use of ecosystem services. The maintenance of UGI also provides work opportunities for skilled and unskilled workers in the public and private sectors, so-called green collar jobs. However, the extent and benefit of such employment has rarely been examined, especially in a developing

Urban landscapes do harbour trees despite being predominantly built-up areas. These trees are increasingly becoming a depository of tree species diversity. Even so, little is known about such potential in developing countries. This study therefore sought to establish tree species composition and diversity, and their variations across six land use types of Zomba city, Malawi. The study results revealed

Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) are being increasingly recognized as key providers of ecosystem services (ES) in cities. However, many developing countries still lack the public awareness of the concepts of UGIs and their ES, including the benefit & monetary value of the UGIs’ services, the willingness to pay (WTP) for the UGIs’ services. The relationship between the benefits & monetary value of

Urban parks enhance the aesthetic quality of urban area and increase the restorative potential of cities to avoid the negative psycho-physiological impact of living in the built environment. This research aimed to model some aesthetic preference and mental restoration values in urban parks based on landscape natural characteristics to compare the MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron), RBFNN (Radial Basis Function

In urban areas, particulate matter (PM) is the most abundant airborne pollutant. Plants have been reported to filter PM, as leaves may intercept and adsorb it. The aims of the research were: i) to evaluate if leaves of Quercus ilex L., an ornamental species proven to be a good monitor of air quality, of different ages (1 and 2 years old) differed for the main leaf traits; ii) to assess the efficiency

Vertical greening systems are becoming a new reality worldwide in urban areas in order to increase and enhance green spaces. Commercially there are many systems employing various materials which aim to enable an adequate development of the vegetal cover, ensuring long-term successful performance. Irrigation represents one of the main key factors, but there is a knowledge gap involving the performance

There is a range of tools available to value the ecosystem services provided by urban green infrastructure including i-Tree Eco, CAVAT, GI-Val, and more. These valuation tools quantify the natural environment in order to incorporate it within urban decision-making processes. In the UK, valuation tools have been used successfully to calculate commensurate replacement values for trees (e.g. Southwark

Background Few studies have investigated the impact of neighbourhood green space on perceived stress and sleep quality with adjustment for other environmental factors such as household traffic noise and ambient air pollution. Methods From May to August 2017, a cross-sectional survey of pedestrians aged 20 years or over was conducted in Hong Kong. Neighbourhood green space coverage was measured using

While the expansion of population and urbanization has been placing additional demands on food production, it has also been reducing the amount of arable land and increasing the costs of food transport. Urban farming using space that does not compete for other urban uses has been proposed as a possible solution to alleviate this problem. In many cities, rooftops can be suitable for farming, especially

Climate change and urbanization are increasing the urban flood risk, which can cause adverse on socio-economic and environmental impacts. Green Infrastructure (GI) can reduce stormwater runoff and offer multiple benefits that have been initiated in the United Kingdom (UK) and China, namely Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) and Sponge Cities Program (SCP) respectively. Currently, the implementation

The proportion of older adults in the population is increasing and ageing is associated with poorer physical, mental and social health. Hence, there is increasing need for community facilities that are appealing and suitable to older adults and promote good health and well-being. Visiting parks has been shown to facilitate a multitude of physical, psychological, and social health benefits; however

Extensive gaps in invasive plant species research in terms of ecosystem distribution and impact are major barriers faced by global decision making bodies for scientific management of plant species invasions of native flora. Effective strategies need to be worked out which would enable simultaneous management and the use of invasive plant species for ecosystem restoration. For evaluating the photosynthetic

The subject of the paper are gardens associated with the Roman Catholic parish churches of the Warsaw Archdiocese. Church gardens derive from tradition of former churchyards which are principally characterized as places of burial. With passing years churchyards have lost their function of burial place and were transformed into designed green areas. The church gardens scattered throughout the urban

In urban environments, long-term tree survival and performance requires physiological tolerance or phenotypic plasticity in plant functional traits. Knowledge of these traits can inform the likely persistence of urban forests under future, more severe climates. We assessed the plasticity of morphological and physiological traits of tree species planted along an urban climatic gradient in the Greater

The competing demands of landscape irrigation and other urban water requirements are motivating improvements in water efficiency in arid urban areas. Complex urban environments create unique microclimates that can result in different irrigation requirements across the landscape. The microclimate coefficient (Kmc) is applied to adjust evapotranspiration from reference surfaces to local microclimatic

Green Roofs (GRs) are a form of sustainable, low impact development. They can reduce peak stormwater runoff and improve the quality of the runoff from buildings and developments. The water captured by the GRs can be used as a resource for irrigation and domestic water by installing rainwater tanks under the drainpipe of the roof. However, few studies have focused on the relationship between GRs modelling

Green spaces in urban parks are an essential part of urban planning, not only meeting the environmental demands of urban dwellers but also absorbing greenhouse gases generated in urban regions. Mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the most important processes of C cycling, and links C sequestration and emission. However, few studies have been focused on SOC mineralization in urban

The use of throwlines has made it easier for climbers on the ground to set a tie-in point (TIP) near the top of the tree. But doing so may increase the likelihood of TIP failure because smaller branches have less load-bearing capacity and close inspection of the TIP from the ground is difficult. We measured rope tension during climber ascents on stationary rope systems on ten TIPs from two species

Studies have found that urban environments have a negative impact on physical and mental health. This is due to urban stressors such as increased noise levels, higher crime rates and rampant pollution. Moreover, living in building-dominant surroundings increases stress levels. There’s growing scientific evidence that forest therapy is a cost-effective method of stress management, and also has the ability

Platanus x acerifolia (London Plane) is a widely planted street tree throughout cities in temperate and Mediterranean climates. Heatwave intensity and frequency is likely to increase in these cities as a combined result of the urban heat island and climate change. High air temperature during heatwaves can lead to canopy leaf loss in vulnerable tree species, such as P. acerifolia. This rapid change

This study aims to focus on a case study of Istanbul province in order to reveal the most important factors affecting the planning and management of urban forests by means of a multidimensional approach. First of all, 67 variables, which affected the planning and management of urban forests, were developed by taking the literature review and expert opinions into consideration. These variables were

Paving over of front yards (soil sealing) reduces the environmental and social benefits of front yards and trees. There is substantial documentation that soil sealing has reduced ecosystem services in Europe, but studies about this phenomenon in the United States are limited. We assessed soil sealing across a sample of over 25,000 parcels in San José (California) in order 1) to quantify the potential

The growing evidences suggest an association between street green space and health in cities. Pollen released by street trees has a considerable adverse impact on human health. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and assess the seasonally allergenic risk of street trees in Qingyang District, Chengdu City. There are 495 streets in Qingyang District, which have been divided into five categories

The negative consequences of increased urbanization on native biological and cultural diversity have received considerable research attention. Biological and cultural diversity can be sustained by counteracting various processes of floristic homogenization and by reestablishing connections between humans and nature. However, effective instruments to help people reconnect with nature can be lacking

Cities, towns and villages are important places with almost specific greening in comparison with open landscapes. Cemeteries are one of the most common land-use types in Central European settlements; however, they are still rather marginal regarding their total extent. In this study, we focused on the diversity of lichens in these important artificial habitats. Our study was done in the Czech Republic

Though the urban forest resource has been the subject of numerous studies quantifying ecosystem benefits and assessing tree canopy cover, little is known about the managers of this resource – the urban foresters. Literature from more well-established professions shows they routinely reflect on their own profession to identify opportunities and areas for improvement. A few examples of topics addressed

Public land managers are on the front lines of vegetation management and decision making as essential players in urban sustainability efforts. Green infrastructure, including lawns, has the potential to relieve climate change-related strains on municipal budgets while enhancing the quality of life. The most common urban vegetation that managers make decisions about is turfgrass, which dominates urban

Berlin currently experiences increasing environmental challenges especially through the combined effect of urbanization and climate change. The intensification of summer temperature extremes has become increasingly evident in recent years, urging the city to promote mitigation and adaptation measures for local heat load reduction. Green roofs have been widely recognized as an effective urban greening

• Soil respiration (Rs) of forests plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. However, patchy remnant forests and their Rs characteristics are rarely studied. In this study, the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of the Rs of three patchy remnant forests and two urban green landscapes were determined using a portable soil carbon flux automatic analyzer in the urban fringe of Tianjin, China. Then

The Municipal Forestry Institute (MFI) is a continuing education course created by the Society of Municipal Arborists and designed to train leaders in the urban forestry field. Organizations sent almost 500 participants to this annual course during its first ten years of existence. This study documents the outcomes and impacts of employee attendance on participating organizations and examines if there

With the globalization and population growth, urbanization trends have attracted higher number of people to towns and cities causing very high population densities and space scarcity. Because of the current trends more and more buildings are being constructed causing a grave danger for the environment. This directly and indirectly increase the vulnerability of cities special in tropical context to

Globally physical inactivity is one of the significant public health issues. Low and/or insufficient participation in physical activity (PA) of adolescents during leisure time and increase sedentary behavior among them is worrisome. This paper investigates (i) associations between barriers (i.e., UGS-based and internal/social) and adolescents' PA in urban green spaces (UGSs), (ii) mediating effects

Urban trees growing in roadside locations encounter stressful impacts in terms of atmospheric and soil conditions and mechanical damage. Here, a set of lime trees from a roadside location in Helsinki was analysed for their radial growth and tree-ring width variability in relation to climate records, effects from salt injury and mechanical damage the trees have experienced during their lifetime. Cross

Arboricultural safety standards exist in some countries, but it is unclear how many standards exist, how they compare to one another, and whether (and how many) countries share standards. To address these gaps, we obtained and analyzed arboricultural safety standards from 29 countries. We determined which safety categories were included in each standard to highlight frequently and infrequently included

Public open space constitutes a significant part of the sustainable urban environment. Urban green space—which includes parks, sports fields, and wetlands—is a crucial type of public open space in a healthy urban ecosystem. Most studies on urban green spaces comprise large-scale objective evaluations, with relatively few related theoretical studies from the perspective of human behavior. This is predominantly

Excavation within the root-zone of urban trees is increasing rapidly in compact cities for the installation and repair of belowground infrastructures, but research on excavation damages is mostly limited to the assessment of their effects on growth and dieback, while effects on physiology and long-term stability are still elusive. This experiment was aimed to understand long-term mechanisms of tree

In this paper, we describe the theory and research design for a new collaborative tree-planting initiative in northwest Indiana in the Midwest United States. The CommuniTree initiative is attempting to alleviate some of the social and ecological issues experienced by post-industrial Rust Belt communities. Northwest Indiana was dominated by heavy industry, particularly steel, throughout much of the

In the context of rapid urbanization, parks are important assets for enhancing the quality of life in urban settings. They provide opportunities for outdoor physical activity, recreation, and therapeutic benefits. A growing number of park assessment studies are shifting their focus from spatial assessments such as availability, proximity, and accessibility, to nonspatial assessments such as park quality

Urban areas are often overheated, which potentially results in a range of negative effects on the urban microclimate. One way to mitigate urban overheating is to provide shading by tall vegetation (trees). Simulations of insolation with different tree locations were used for insolation mitigation in previous research. However, in urban green spaces potential tree locations can be selected with greater