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Status and trends of Arctic Ocean environmental change and its impacts on marine biogeochemistry: Findings from the ArCS project Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Takashi Kikuchi; Shigeto Nishino; Amane Fujiwara; Jonaotaro Onodera; Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai; Kohei Mizobata; Yasushi Fukamachi; Eiji Watanabe
Ocean observation research theme under ArCS project, “Theme 4: Observational research on Arctic Ocean environmental changes”, aimed to elucidate the status and trends of ongoing Arctic Ocean environmental changes and to evaluate their impacts on Arctic marine ecosystem and the global climate system. For these purposes, we conducted field observations, mooring observations, laboratory experiments, numerical
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How strong was pedogenesis in schirmacher oasis during the late quaternary? Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Anish Kumar Warrier; B.S. Mahesh; Joju George Sebastian; Rahul Mohan
We compare the sediment magnetic properties of two lakes in Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica and discuss the intensity of pedogenesis during the Late Quaternary. The magnetic minerals are land-derived with no obliteration of the signal due to bacterial or anthropogenic sources. The magnetic grains of Lake L-49 are much smaller in size compared to Lake Sandy's (IRM20mT/ARM, S20 ratios). The iron oxide
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Comparison of interferometer calibration techniques for improved SuperDARN elevation angles Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Gareth Chisham; Angeline G. Burrell; Aurélie Marchaudon; Simon G. Shepherd; Evan G. Thomas; Pasha Ponomarenko
The high frequency radars in the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) estimate the elevation angles of returned backscatter using interferometric techniques. These elevation angles allow the ground range to the scattering point to be estimated, which is crucial for the accurate geolocation of ionospheric measurements. For elevation angles to be accurately estimated, it is important to calibrate
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Studies of SLCPs, greenhouse gases, and their interaction with the terrestrial ecosystem during the ArCS project Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Masayuki Takigawa
Black carbon (BC) aerosols and methane are considered as a part of short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), and the uncertainty of the emission, removal processes, and its impact on global change is quite large. This paper reviews studies of SLCPs and CO2 performed during the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project focusing on the Asian influx into the Arctic. For a more detailed understanding
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Geomagnetic storm-time scintillation study in Antarctica - A comparison of model and observation Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 S. Priyadarshi; Q.-H. Zhang; Y. Wang
The polar region is the gateway of the magnetospheric processes induced due to the solar events; through which Sun-illuminated plasma enter into the polar ionosphere. In this paper we are presenting the comparative study of the South Pole B-spline ionospheric scintillation model and ionospheric scintillation/total electron content (TEC) comparison tool (that uses only observed data) associated with
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Dog and human from Raven's perspective: An interpretation of Raven myths of Alaskan Athabascans Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 Shiaki Kondo
Raven appears as an important character in many Alaskan Athabascan myths. He is depicted as a powerful shaman who transforms the world through magic. In this chapter, I analyze an often-neglected motif of Alaskan Athabascan Raven stories: Raven as Dog-eaters. I use mythological texts and ethnographic data collected in prior studies and from my fieldwork in the community of Nikolai, Alaska. In some
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Long-term consequences of goose exclusion on nutrient cycles and plant communities in the High-Arctic Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 Keita Nishizawa; Lucas Deschamps; Vincent Maire; Joël Bêty; Esther Lévesque; Ryo Kitagawa; Shota Masumoto; Isabelle Gosselin; Amélie Morneault; Line Rochefort; Gilles Gauthier; Yukiko Tanabe; Masaki Uchida; Akira S. Mori
Geese can profoundly affect arctic ecosystems directly (e.g., by grazing vegetation) and indirectly (e.g. by changing nutrient cycling resulting from faces inputs and by reducing plant litter). In the Arctic, behavior and abundance of geese have changed due to climate and land-use change. While the short-term effects of increased goose populations on tundra ecosystems are known, there is a knowledge
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Rapidly changing glaciers, ocean and coastal environments, and their impact on human society in the Qaanaaq region, northwestern Greenland Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 Shin Sugiyama; Naoya Kanna; Daiki Sakakibara; Takuto Ando; Izumi Asaji; Ken Kondo; Yefan Wang; Yoshiki Fujishi; Shungo Fukumoto; Evgeniy Podolskiy; Yasushi Fukamachi; Minori Takahashi; Sumito Matoba; Yoshinori Iizuka; Ralf Greve; Masato Furuya; Kazutaka Tateyama; Tatsuya Watanabe; Toku Oshima
Environments along the coast of Greenland are rapidly changing under the influence of a warming climate in the Arctic. To better understand the changes in the coastal environments, we performed researches in the Qaanaaq region in northwestern Greenland as a part of the ArCS (Arctic Challenge for Sustainability) Project. Mass loss of ice caps and marine-terminating outlet glaciers were quantified by
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Interferometric calibration and the first elevation observations at EKB ISTP SB RAS radar at 10–12 MHz Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Oleg I. Berngardt; Roman R. Fedorov; Pavlo Ponomarenko; Konstantine V. Grkovich
The method for calibrating elevation measurements at EKB ISTP SB RAS radar obtained for the period 20/09/2019–18/11/2019 is presented. The calibration method is a modernization of the method for calibrating radar by meteor trails. The main difference of the method is the use of not a statistically processed FitACF data, but the full waveform of the signals scattered on the meteor trails. Using the
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Observing drift compressional waves in the nightside ionosphere using the Ekaterinburg radar Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Maksim A. Chelpanov; Olga V. Mager
A review of researches related to ultra low frequency (ULF) waves studied using a midlatitude coherent decameter radar located near Ekaterinburg (EKB), Russia is presented. The radar was constructed similar to SuperDARN radars. During the experiment conducted in 2013–2015 three of its beams were surveyed successively with the integration time of 6 s providing time resolution of 18 s at each beam. In
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Climatic trends of extreme wave events caused by Arctic Cyclones in the western Arctic Ocean Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Takuji Waseda; Takehiko Nose; Tsubasa Kodaira; Kaushik Sasmal; Adrean Webb
The sea ice coverage in the summer Arctic Ocean from the Beaufort to Laptev Seas continues to decrease, and the largest waves in the western Arctic open waters are increasing year by year. By looking into the historical wave events in the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, we discovered that more than half of the extreme events are caused by cyclones that are originating in the Arctic Ocean as well as in
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Information retrieval for Northern Sea Route (NSR) navigation: A statistical approach using the AIS and TOPAZ4 data Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Tomoko Koyama; Takuya Nakanowatari; Jun Inoue
The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is becoming a practical passage for transport during the warm season due to Arctic sea ice reduction. There is a need for new navigational support as LNG shipments are increasing in recent years. In this research, a non-heuristic optimal route search is attempted near the New Siberian Islands. The assumption is that an optimal route is related to the surrounding conditions
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The SuperDARN’s role in ion-neutral coupling research Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Daniel D. Billett; Kathryn A. McWilliams
The direct collisions that thermospheric neutral particles experience with convecting ionospheric ions is the primary way in which energy from the solar wind is deposited into the Earth’s atmosphere. Because of these collisions, the neutral gas polewards of middle latitudes (∼±40∘ geomagnetic) is often set into motion due to ion-drag, and Joule heated due to friction. Transient ionospheric phenomena
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On the coagulated pancake ice formation: Observation in the refreezing Chukchi Sea and comparison to the Antarctic consolidated pancake ice Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Takehiko Nose; Takuji Waseda; Tsubasa Kodaira; Jun Inoue
Emergence of pancake ice in the western Arctic Ocean is understood to be an effect of the increasing wave activity. During the 2018 R/V Mirai field campaign in the refreezing Chukchi Sea, we obtained observational evidence of sea ice formation that resembled the pancake cycle—frazil/pancake/consolidated pancake ice–first discovered and known to be ubiquitous in the Antarctic. Apparently, R/V Mirai
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Identification of soundscape components and their temporal patterns in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard Archipelago Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Madan M. M; G. Latha; M. Ashokan; G. Raguraman; A. Thirunavukkarasu
Time series measurements of ocean ambient sound were carried out using an autonomous passive acoustic measurement system deployed in Kongsfjorden, Arctic Ocean, between July 2015 and April 2016. Geophysical soundscape components, particularly that of sea ice melting and wind noise, were identified. The biological sounds produced by walruses in the form of knocking and tapping sequences fall in the
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Estimation of shock degrees of eucrites using X-ray diffraction and petrographic methods Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Rei Kanemaru; Naoya Imae; Akira Yamaguchi; Atsushi Takenouchi; Hirotsugu Nishido
We examined the shock effects on 12 basaltic and 4 cumulate eucrites, using the petrographic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Petrographic and XRD measurements were conducted on the same polished sections of the eucrites. On the basis the ranges of undulatory extinction angles and occurrence of maskelynite, we defined five shock degrees: A (unshocked to very weakly shocked), B (weakly shocked)
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Between-summer comparison of particulate organic matter in surface waters of a coastal area influenced by glacier meltwater runoff and retreat Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Natalia Venturini; Zhuoyi Zhu; Martin Bessonart; Felipe García-Rodríguez; Leandro Bergamino; Ernesto Brugnoli; Pablo Muniz; Jing Zhang
We evaluated, in two consecutive austral summers, the biochemical composition, sources, distribution and degradation state of particulate organic matter (POM) in surface coastal waters of Collins Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. Bulk elemental and stable isotope analyses were combined with molecular-level proxies (fatty acids and amino acids) to obtain more comprehensive evidence about POM characteristics
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The perception of permafrost thaw in the Sakha Republic (Russia): Narratives, culture and risk in the face of climate change Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-09-19 Natalia Doloisio; Jean-Paul Vanderlinden
This article focuses on the social representations of permafrost thaw among people who were born in different regions of the Sakha Republic (Russia) and live in the regional capital city of Yakutsk. Our research aims to obtain a better understanding of the new risk patterns associated to permafrost thaw through the collection and subsequent analysis of narratives of personal experiences in order to
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Adaptation of the indigenous peoples to climate change effects in Yakutia: Gender aspects Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Viktoriia Filippova
Global climate change is one of the main problems facing humans at the beginning of the 21st century. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), it has led to significant social consequences, especially those caused by flooding, which is very common in the region. One way of protecting settlements from catastrophic floods is to relocate them to non-flooded terraces. In the article, the author examined the
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Person-environment fit: A cross-national and cross-temporal study of human adaptation to isolated and confined environments Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-09-12 Cyril Jaksic; Gary Daniel Steel; Kevin Moore; Emma Stewart
While most studies using a Person-Environment (P-E) fit approach focus on commonplace work settings, the present study adopts this approach to explore an extreme and unusual setting; specifically, Antarctic research stations. People who had been deployed for a year in Antarctica (n = 59) were asked to reflect on their experience and to report their perceived fit with the environment. Other measures
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Petrogenetic re-examination of spinel + quartz assemblage in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Sankar Bose; Arnob Kumar Mondal; Ashok Kumar Bakshi; Jis Romal Jose
We present textural evidence of spinel (low-Zn) and quartz from two samples of quartzofeldspathic rocks from the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. The present occurrence is unusual for the fact that the direct grain contact is preserved unlike most other occurrences where these two phases are separated by reaction products during retrograde and/or prograde metamorphic stages. Textural features further
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Geological subdivision of the Lützow–Holm Complex in East Antarctica: From the Neoarchean to the Neoproterozoic Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-31 Daniel J. Dunkley; Tomokazu Hokada; Kazuyuki Shiraishi; Yoshikuni Hiroi; Yoshifumi Nogi; Yoichi Motoyoshi
We summarize U–Pb age data for the Lützow–Holm Complex (LHC) in East Antarctica and propose the following geological subdivisions based on protolith ages, along the coast of Dronning Maud Land from southwest to northeast: the Innhovde Suite (INH, 1070–1040 Ma) composed mainly of felsic orthogneiss; the Rundvågshetta Suite (RVG, 2520–2470 Ma), mostly felsic orthogneiss with minor mafic and metasedimentary
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Dianema nivale – A Myxomycete (Amoebozoa) new to the Antarctic Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 Jorge Renato Pinheiro Velloso; Jair Putzke; Daniela Schmitz; Antonio Batista Pereira; Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer; Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti
Myxomycetes (Protista - Amoebozoa) are worldwide distributed organisms, but still poorly known from the Antarctic. While working on fungi and similar organisms found in Stinker Point, Elephant Island - Antarctica in January/February 2018 we found 24 sporangia of Dianema nivale, which is cited for the first time to the Antarctica.
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Studies on Arctic aerosols and clouds during the ArCS project Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 M. Koike; K. Goto-Azuma; Y. Kondo; H. Matsui; T. Mori; N. Moteki; S. Ohata; H. Okamoto; N. Oshima; K. Sato; T. Takano; Y. Tobo; J. Ukita; A. Yoshida
Aerosols and clouds play important roles in the Arctic climate. Conversely, aerosol emissions and cloud formation are affected by changes in the Arctic climate. This paper reviews studies of aerosols and clouds performed during the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project carried out by the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) in Japan and collaborating institutions. The ArCS project
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Arctic sea ice and snow cover albedo variability and trends during the last three decades Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 F. Marcianesi; G. Aulicino; P. Wadhams
The aim of the present study is to assess the full effect on the albedo of both sea ice extent decrease and snowline retreat in the Arctic during the last three decades. Averaged over the globe, the overall warming effect due to Arctic land and ocean albedo change corresponds to adding about 44% to the direct effect of human CO2 emissions during the same period. In fact, the area and thickness of Arctic
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Compensation fund as a tool for sustainable development of the Arctic indigenous communities Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-11-07 Andrey Novoselov; Ivan Potravny; Irina Novoselova; Violetta Gassiy
The paper examines the approaches to the formation of compensation funds for the indigenous peoples during Arctic industrial development. The key challenge is the technical problem-solving of reconciling the rights of indigenous peoples and the interests of the mining company. The compensation fund allows harmonizing the interests of stakeholders. In 2020, Russia adopted the Arctic Development Strategy
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Lessons learned from more than a decade of greenhouse gas flux measurements at boreal forests in eastern Siberia and interior Alaska Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Tetsuya Hiyama; Masahito Ueyama; Ayumi Kotani; Hiroki Iwata; Taro Nakai; Mikita Okamura; Takeshi Ohta; Yoshinobu Harazono; Roman E. Petrov; Trofim C. Maximov
We summarized our recently-published papers on greenhouse gas exchanges at two important boreal regions underlain by permafrost: eastern Siberia and interior Alaska. Relevant literatures were also referred to, and future research directions on the high-latitude terrestrial processes were suggested. Long-term monitoring of CO2 fluxes at the boreal forests revealed that anomalous weather and disturbances
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What controls the luminosity of polar cap airglow patches? Implication from airglow measurements in Eureka, Canada in comparison with SuperDARN convection pattern Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 K. Hosokawa; M. Nagata; K. Shiokawa; Y. Otsuka
Polar cap patches are known as islands of enhanced electron density in the polar cap F region ionosphere. To observe the airglow signature of polar cap patches continuously at a fixed point near the center of the MLAT/MLT coordinate system, we started operating an all-sky imager in Eureka, Canada since 2015, where the magnetic latitude is ∼87°. By statistically analyzing the 630-nm airglow images from
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Variation in recent annual snow deposition and seasonality of snow chemistry at the east Greenland ice core project (EGRIP) camp, Greenland Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Fumio Nakazawa; Naoko Nagatsuka; Motohiro Hirabayashi; Kumiko Goto-Azuma; Jørgen Peder Steffensen; Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
We collected snow samples from two pits with depths of 4.02 and 3.18 m at the East Greenland Ice Core Project camp (75°37′N, 35°59′W), Greenland in the summer of 2016 to estimate recent annual snow deposition and examine seasonal variation in major ion species, stable isotopes of water and microparticles (dust). Dating based on clear seasonal variation in chemical components indicated that the 4.02-
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Economy, society and governance in the Arctic: Overview of ArCS research project in the field of humanities and social sciences (2015–2020) Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 S. Tabata; N. Otsuka; M. Goto; M. Takahashi
This paper summarizes the achievements of one of the themes in the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project. Consisting mainly of researchers of human and social sciences, the theme was designed to connect the achievements of other themes to stakeholders and policymakers. According to our research method, this paper proceeds the discussion in three research areas. First, economic development
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Temporal and spatial variations of GPS TEC and phase during auroral substorms and breakups Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 P. Prikryl; J.M. Weygand; R. Ghoddousi-Fard; P.T. Jayachandran; D.R. Themens; A.M. McCaffrey; B.S.R. Kunduri; L. Nikitina
Temporal and spatial changes of GPS total electron content (TEC) and phase variation, called phase scintillation, during auroral substorms and breakups are investigated in the context of horizontal equivalent ionospheric currents and estimated vertical current amplitudes derived from ground magnetometer network using the spherical elementary current method. GPS phase scintillation is computed for sampling
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Near-tropopause bias in the Russian radiosonde-observed air temperature during the YOPP special observing periods in 2018 Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 Masatake E. Hori; Jun Inoue; Klaus Dethloff; Vasilli Kustov
Taking advantage of a unique configuration of upper-atmospheric observing stations, we used enhanced radiosonde observations acquired during the Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP) at Ice Base Cape Baranova in 2018 to quantify the observational bias of a nearby station, i.e., GMO IM. E. K. Fedorova located 184 km to the southeast. Radiosonde observations from Fedorova are transmitted to the Global Telecommunications
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Increasing dust emission from ice free terrain in southeastern Greenland since 2000 Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-10-03 Tomomi Amino; Yoshinori Iizuka; Sumito Matoba; Rigen Shimada; Naga Oshima; Toshitaka Suzuki; Takuto Ando; Teruo Aoki; Koji Fujita
Mineral dust plays a key role in both local and global climates. At high latitudes, atmospheric dust can affect ice-nuclei formation, and surface dust can reduce the albedo as well as increase subsequent ice melting. As a proxy for past climate, mineral dust is preserved in ice cores, but few studies have examined deposited dust in ice cores during the Anthropocene, especially after 2000. We measured
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Spatiotemporal variation of ice sheet melting in the Antarctic coastal marginal zone and the influence of ice lenses and rain using satellite microwave observation Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-07-26 Nuerasimuguli Alimasi; Hiroyuki Enomoto; Naohiko Hirasawa
This study uses satellite microwave observations to examine the spatiotemporal variations of melting ice sheets on the slopes of Antarctica. These observations were focused on the coastal marginal zone and inland traverse route near Syowa Station. Melting was detected using a 36 GHz vertical polarization diurnal amplitude variation (DAV). Data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS
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The response between VTEC and lightning activity over the Antarctic Peninsula Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-08 Wan Nur Arina Wan Mohd Nor; Mardina Abdullah; Mohd Riduan Ahmad; Siti Khalijah Zainudin; Norbayah Yusop; Wayan Suparta; Adriana Maria Gulisano
Lightning events could cause ionospheric disturbance on performance of radio signals which could lead to errors. The objective of the study is to investigate the response of vertical total electron content (VTEC) during lightning activity over the Antarctic Peninsula for the year 2017. The lightning data were obtained from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) while the lightning flash
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The digital beam forming technique in AgileDARN high-frequency radar Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Jingye Yan; Xiang Deng; Ailan Lan; Ji Wu; Jiaojiao Zhang; Wei Wang; Hongbin Qiu
An all-digital agile dual auroral radar network (AgileDARN) was developed by the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academic of Sciences (NSSC, CAS). AgileDARN can achieve higher performance and greater flexibility based on highly digitized hardware and its distributed digital signal processing system. Multiple receiving beams can be created within the transmitting beam pattern better to determine
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Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of fungi in a forest-tundra ecotone in quebec Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Shunsuke Matsuoka; Hideyuki Doi; Shota Masumoto; Ryo Kitagawa; Keita Nishizawa; Kaho Tanaka; Motohiro Hasegawa; Satoru Hobara; Takashi Osono; Akira S. Mori; Masaki Uchida
We quantified the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of fungi associated with dead moss tissues and conifer needles in a forest-tundra ecotone in a sub-arctic region, Quebec, Canada. We detected 615 operational taxonomic units, in total, of fungi in 84 families with 97% sequence similarity by metabarcoding the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Saprotrophs
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Low-grade Sandow Group metasediments of the Denman Glacier area (East Antarctica): Chemical composition, age and provenance from U–Pb detrital zircon data, with some palaeotectonic implications Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-09-06 E.V. Mikhalsky; D.A. Tkacheva; S.G. Skublov; G.L. Leitchenkov; N.V. Rodionov; I.N. Kapitonov; E.L. Kunakkuzin
The Sandow Group in the Denman Glacier area consists of low-grade supracrustal (post-cratonic) strata. Such rocks are scarce and poorly studied in East Antarctica, but are significant for a better understanding of the geological history and tectonic evolution of the Precambrian supercontinents. We report U–Pb (LA-ICP-MS) detrital zircon ages which mostly fall into two groups of ca 1350−900 Ma and ca
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Observation of on-ice wind waves under grease ice in the western Arctic Ocean Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-09-02 Tsubasa Kodaira; Takuji Waseda; Takehiko Nose; Kazutoshi Sato; Jun Inoue; Joey Voermans; Alexander Babanin
The significant reduction of the sea-ice extent in the western Arctic has been observed by the sustained satellite observations since 1979. The opening ocean is now allowing waves to evolve and propagate under the presence of the Arctic sea-ice. A better understanding of the wave-ice interaction is necessary for the safe shipping over the sea-ice covered Arctic Ocean and for the better future Arctic
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Estimation of CH4 emissions from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf based on atmospheric observations aboard the R/V Mirai during fall cruises from 2012 to 2017 Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-30 Yasunori Tohjima; Jiye Zeng; Tomoko Shirai; Yosuke Niwa; Shigeyuki Ishidoya; Fumikazu Taketani; Daisuke Sasano; Naohiro Kosugi; Sohiko Kameyama; Hisahiro Takashima; Hideki Nara; Shinji Morimoto
Atmospheric CH4 mole fractions were observed aboard the R/V Mirai sailing in waters off Alaska in the Arctic Ocean in September 2012–2017 to investigate the CH4 emissions from the surrounding region, especially from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). The synoptic-scale increases of CH4 were compared with simulated increases based on a Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model and monthly CH4 flux maps
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Impacts and management of forest fires in the Republic of Sakha, Russia: A local perspective for a global problem Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-29 Daiju Narita; Tuyara Gavrilyeva; Isaev Aleksandr
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), which constitutes the northeastern parts of Siberia, holds the largest area of forest coverage among all the Russian federal subjects, and forest fires in its land exert significant impacts on the global environment. This paper aims to offer a local perspective for the globally important problem of Siberian forest fires, discussing the general patterns and trends of
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Optical calibration system of NIPR for aurora and airglow observations Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Y. Ogawa; A. Kadokura; M.K. Ejiri
Calibration of optical instruments is important for accurate measurement of the absolute emission intensity of aurora and airglow. The National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR), Japan, has been operating a facility for the optical calibration which consists of three independent calibration systems to share with collaborating researchers. This paper introduces an outline of the facility and specifications
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Temporal and spatial variabilities in surface mass balance at the EGRIP site, Greenland from 2009 to 2017 Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Yuki Komuro; Fumio Nakazawa; Motohiro Hirabayashi; Kumiko Goto-Azuma; Naoko Nagatsuka; Wataru Shigeyama; Sumito Matoba; Tomoyuki Homma; Jørgen Peder Steffensen; Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
Temporal variability in surface mass balance (SMB) on the Greenland ice sheet is important for understanding the mass balance of the ice sheet. Additionally, knowledge of the spatial variability in SMB at ice core drilling sites helps to interpret the spatial representativeness of SMB data obtained from a single ice core. In this study, to investigate the spatiotemporal variability in recent SMB in
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Achievements in ArCS theme 5: Study on Arctic climate predictability Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 Hiroyasu Hasumi
Scientific achievements of ArCS Theme 5 (AT5), whose goal is to assess the predictability of Arctic-related climate variations, are reviewed. AT5 clarified some important roles played by the responses of the Arctic stratosphere and land surface to the Arctic sea ice variations in the predictability of the Arctic climate and its remote influence to lower latitudes. AT5 demonstrated that some climatic
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Spatial and temporal variations of recent shipping along the Northern Sea Route Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 Xiaoyang Li; Natsuhiko Otsuka; Lawson W. Brigham
Spatial and temporal variations of shipping along Russia's Northern Sea Route (NSR) were investigated to better understand the possible drivers of traffic levels and future trends. Daily information for ships sailing along the NSR were collected, and voyage-based analyses were conducted for a period from March 2013 to December 2018. Annual total dead weight tonnage (DWT) increased significantly from
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Bottom-up evaluation of the regional methane budget of northern lands from 1980 to 2015 Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-22 Akihiko Ito
This study created a regional budget for methane (CH4) for Northern Europe, Siberia, and northern North America, based on a mission inventories, biogeochemical models, and land-surface satellite data. Natural sink and sources (wetlands, termites, wildfires, soil oxidation, and geological sources) and anthropogenic sources (fossil fuel extraction, industry and transportation, waste, agriculture, and
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Note on a snow mold and a fungus-like microbe from Kuujjuarapik-Whapmagoostui, Quebec, subarctic Canada Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-22 Tamotsu Hoshino; Takuya Nakagawa; Yuka Yajima; Masaki Uchida; Motoaki Tojo
An isolate of a novel fungus and an isolate of a novel fungus-like microbe were obtained during field research conducted in Kuujjuarapik-Whapmagoostui, Quebec, in subarctic Canada, located on the southeastern coast of Hudson Bay, from August to September 2016. The isolates were identified as a Typhula sp. and Globisporangium sp. (syn. Pythium sp.), respectively. Mycelia with clamps connections were
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Mass concentration and origin of black carbon in spring snow on glaciers in the Alaska Range Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-22 Keiko Konya; Masahiro Yamaguchi; Masayuki Takigawa; Takuma Miyakawa; Shad O'Neel
Black carbon (BC) is one of the light-absorbing particles that reduce the albedo of snow surfaces. Snow samples were taken from the surface of three glaciers in the Alaska Range in mid-April 2017. The BC size distribution and concentration were analyzed with a laser-induced incandescence (LII) method. The BC concentration of the snow samples was 1–6 μg L−1 and 0.5–3.1 μg L−1 at a depth of 0–2 cm (surface)
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Integrative assessment of the effects of shrub coverage on soil respiration in a tundra ecosystem Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-22 Shota Masumoto; Ryo Kitagawa; Keita Nishizawa; Takashi Osono; Motohiro Hasegawa; Yasuo Iimura; Shunsuke Matsuoka; Ryo Kaneko; Masaki Uchida; Akira S. Mori
Shrub encroachment and soil respiration (SR) are predicted to increase in the tundra ecosystem under climate warming, but little is known regarding potential causal relationships between shrubs and SR at a local scale. Multiple and complex belowground processes exist between the two phenomena, and consolidation is logistically difficult. Our study aimed to identify and integrate multiple belowground
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The thermal structure, subglacial topography and surface structures of the NE outlet of Eyjabakkajökull, east Iceland Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-18 Kristaps Lamsters; Jānis Karušs; Māris Krievāns; Jurijs Ješkins
This study presents the detailed surveys of the NE outlet of Eyjabakkajökull glacier, East Iceland, from the combination of low-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and GNSS measurements. Data analyses reveal the complex subglacial topography with a prominent, up to 45-m-deep longitudinal trough in the central part of the outlet that serves as the main trunk for the
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Breeding together, wintering an ocean apart: Foraging ecology of the northern Bering Sea thick-billed and common murres in years of contrasting sea-ice conditions Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-16 Akinori Takahashi; Jean-Baptiste Thiebot; Alexis Will; Shota Tsukamoto; Benjamin Merkel; Alexander Kitaysky
Assessing impacts of environmental change on Arctic-breeding seabirds requires a better understanding of their year-round movement and foraging ecology. Here we examined the post-breeding movements and diving behavior of thick-billed (Uria lomvia) and common murres (U. aalge) breeding on St. Lawrence Island, northern Bering Sea, by using geolocators deployed in 2016 (n = 3, per species). During 2016–2019
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The most primitive CM chondrites, Asuka 12085, 12169, and 12236, of subtypes 3.0–2.8: Their characteristic features and classification Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 M. Kimura; N. Imae; M. Komatsu; J.A. Barrat; R.C. Greenwood; A. Yamaguchi; T. Noguchi
CM chondrites (CMs) are the most abundant group of carbonaceous chondrites. CMs experienced varying degrees of secondary aqueous alteration and heating that modified or destroyed their primitive features. We have studied three chondrites, Asuka (A) 12085, A 12169, and A 12236. Their modal compositions, chondrule size distributions, and bulk composition indicate that they are CMs. However, the common
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Studies on the variability of the Greenland Ice Sheet and climate Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-07 Kumiko Goto-Azuma; Tomoyuki Homma; Tomotaka Saruya; Fumio Nakazawa; Yuki Komuro; Naoko Nagatsuka; Motohiro Hirabayashi; Yutaka Kondo; Makoto Koike; Teruo Aoki; Ralf Greve; Jun'ichi Okuno
We review major scientific results from Subtheme (1) Variability of the Greenland Ice Sheet and climate under Research Theme 2 Variations in the ice sheet, glaciers, and the environment in the Greenland region of the Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project. We participated in the international East Greenland Ice Core Project (EGRIP) led by Denmark, conducted snow pit observations near the
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Reconstruction of Bering Strait volume transport suggesting the contribution of Bering Sea continental shelf to the pressure head forcing Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-08-03 Kohei Mizobata
The author reconstructed in-situ volume transport (VT) through the Bering Strait using the NNW wind component, the gradient of dynamic ocean topography (DOT) across the strait and DOT in the East Siberian Sea (RMSE = 0.2 Sv). The difference between in-situ VT and reconstructed VT (diffVT) was correlated with DOT in the northern Bering Sea shelf (DOTBER) during fall and winter. DOTBER was then introduced
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Spatio-temporal variations of the atmospheric greenhouse gases and their sources and sinks in the Arctic region Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-07-31 Shinji Morimoto; Daisuke Goto; Shohei Murayama; Ryo Fujita; Yasunori Tohjima; Shigeyuki Ishidoya; Toshinobu Machida; Yoichi Inai; Prabir K. Patra; Shamil Maksyutov; Akihiko Ito; Shuji Aoki
To understand the spatio-temporal variations of the atmospheric greenhouse gases in the Arctic region, we have conducted systematic observations and numerical model simulations. Long-term observations for CO2, CH4 and related constituents at Ny-Ålesund helped in separating the oceanic and terrestrial uptake rates of CO2 and revealed the importance of biogenic CH4 emissions to atmospheric CH4 variations
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Influences of size structure and post-bloom supply of phytoplankton on body size variations in a common Pacific Arctic bivalve (Macoma calcarea) Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-07-26 Hisatomo Waga; Toru Hirawake; Masahiro Nakaoka
The substantial loss of Arctic sea ice will alter marine ecosystems in many ways. Recent studies have reported a distributional shift in benthic macrofaunal biomass in the Pacific Arctic, likely caused by changes in food availability for benthic organisms. Here, we assessed the influence of differences in post-bloom supply of phytoplankton to the sediment on the growth of a common Pacific Arctic bivalve
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Differences in local perceptions about climate and environmental changes among residents in a small community in Eastern Siberia Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 Hiroki Takakura; Yuichiro Fujioka; Vanda Ignatyeva; Toshikazu Tanaka; Nadezhda Vinokurova; Stepan Grigorev; Sardana Boyakova
This study aims to deepen the understanding of the impact of climate change on human societies in arctic areas, and to consider their adaptation. Previous studies focus on local perceptions, which should be a key to finding the process and solutions, by taking into consideration all stakeholders in order to integrate with scientific knowledge. We aim to discern the appropriate quality of perception:
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Rapid change of the Arctic climate system and its global influences - Overview of GRENE Arctic climate change research project (2011–2016) Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-07-15 Takashi Yamanouchi; Kumiko Takata
Under global warming due to anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, the surface air temperature in the Arctic is increasing with a speed that is more than double the global average, called “Arctic amplification (AA).” To grasp these changes in the Arctic, to understand the mechanism, to know the global influences, and to contribute to future climate projection, we conducted
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Flow over a snow-water-snow surface in the high Arctic, Svalbard: Turbulent fluxes and comparison of observation techniques Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-07-07 Anna Sjöblom; Andreas Andersson; Anna Rutgersson; Eva Falck
From observations in a High Arctic valley and ice-free fjord in Svalbard during March and April 2013 we show that, while some caution needs to be applied, ordinary slow-response instruments placed over a snow-water-snow surface can be effectively used as a proxy for more sophisticated measuring techniques at complex sites such as leads or a polynyas. The turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent
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Between-year comparison of interactions between environmental parameters and various plankton stocks in the northern Bering Sea during the summers of 2017 and 2018 Polar Sci. (IF 1.389) Pub Date : 2020-06-28 Atsushi Yamaguchi; Fumihiko Kimura; Yuri Fukai; Yoshiyuki Abe; Kohei Matsuno; Atsushi Ooki; Toru Hirawake
In the northern Bering Sea, ice coverage and retreat timing were low and early, respectively, in the 2017–2018 winter. To evaluate the effect of these anomalous ice conditions, we quantified various environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, mixed-layer depth, nutrients) and the standing stocks of various planktonic taxa (phytoplankton counts, meso- and macrozooplankton mass, jellyfish abundance)
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