Food production systems worldwide are increasingly exposed to water shortage shocks. Social-ecological resilience theory provides insights into the qualities which confer production systems with the capacity to absorb shocks and persist, undertake adaptations and ultimately achieve desirable transformations. Combining findings from the analysis of a set of 15 semi-structured interviews and 92 survey

The frequency and severity of droughts and heat stresses are becoming a threat to crop production and food security in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. To ameliorate both stresses simultaneously, micro-sprinkler systems are being proposed and their performance is investigated here for gray jujube trees planted in an arid region. The experiments focused on the effects of different levels of micro-sprinkler

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for crop production. Drip irrigation (DI) system, mainly because of its high precision, allows effective application of water-soluble P-fertilizers. However, consecutive input of P-fertilizer would react with ions in the water source, especially when using the saline water containing high concentration of ions. Consequently, the integration of P fertilizer and

Subsurface (tile) drainage is a necessary practice for economic crop production in humid, poorly drained regions of the world. Drainage water management (DWM), also known as controlled drainage, is among the suite of practices designed to mitigate water quality issues associated with subsurface drainage. Studies evaluating DWM generally include field experiments or simulation models to estimate water

Agriculture accounts for a significant portion of the state of Minas Gerais' GDP, which is one of the most productive Brazilian states in the agricultural sector. Given this scenario, it is essential to know the elements that affect agricultural productivity. The data manipulated in this work were obtained from the Network of Automatic Meteorological Stations (EMA's) from the National Institute of

Improving both nitrogen utilization and peanut kernel quality (after removing peanuts shell) through water management is a growing concern for farmers. To explore the role of supplemental irrigation in nitrogen transformation between ‘source’ and ‘sink’, a split-plot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of water (rain-fed irrigation as IRI; supplemental irrigation as ISI) and nitrogen (0

Fertigated areas of wheat and maize in the North China Plain (NCP) have grown rapidly during recent years, but little information is available on the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilizers applied through drip fertigation on wheat and maize. A field experiment was conducted in the NCP during 2012−2016 to evaluate the effects of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate applied

We discussed the applicability of high-resolution meteorological data simulated by the NCAM-Weather Research and Forecasting (NCAM-WRF) model to investigate spatially distributed soil-moisture deficits in site-scale farmland areas. A gridded soil water budget model was developed to utilize the 90 m NCAM-WRF meteorological data to predict soil moisture content (SMC) at multiple depths. The applicability

Three manure application limits – nitrogen limit, annual phosphorus limit, and multiple-year phosphorus limit (P Banking) are modeled to compare economic profitability and probability of application prior to a runoff causing rainfall event. Particular attention is given to the number of hours needed and available to distribute manure under each limit. Benefits are estimated as the foregone fertilizer

Climate change poses great challenges for food security and water use. This study aimed to investigate the response of winter wheat in Northern China to climate change and propose corresponding strategies to maintain yield and crop water productivity (WPc). Climate model projections from the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) were used to drive the process-based soil–

Rapidly changing hydrological conditions under climate change, upstream developments, and local water infrastructures require transformative changes in water management strategies for the agriculture sector in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). For more than three decades, the agricultural policies in Vietnam have emphasized the intensification of rice production. In recent years, however, the Vietnamese

Helleh River, a southern vital agricultural ecosystem in Iran, has been suffering from both water shortage and quality degradation in recent decades. To deal with the problems, different stakeholders have been suggesting the central government some compartment development plans including construction of dams and irrigation districts, installation of modern irrigation technologies, and modification

The scarcity of water for agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions increases the need for technologies to improve water use efficiency and also discover some means to increase the production from less and more reliable access to water. This research was conducted during 2017–18 and 2018–19 to assess the effect of deficit irrigation (DI), applied at appropriate critical growth stages of winter wheat

Agriculture in developing countries is a vulnerable sector and is subsidized. Environmental restrictions on agriculture sector are minimal. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused serious non-point source water pollution. Although previous studies have focused on agricultural water pollution, the cooperation between agricultural and industrial sectors in water pollution

This paper presents a scheme for applying two-stage explicit stochastic optimization to seasonal irrigation scheduling. It is assumed that an ensemble of Ns weather forecasts (scenarios) is available. At each decision point during the season up to Ns*Nsmulti-objective optimization problems are solved by assuming a specific scenario for the immediate decision period and all possibleNs scenarios for

Mulching and deficit irrigation are often used to alleviate the contradiction between the water supply and consumption in the apple industry in the Loess Plateau of China. However, the effects of the combination of mulching and deficit irrigation on the soil environment and the growth and productivity of apple trees are not clear. Field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019, which included three

Water scarcity is everywhere and more prominent in arid and semi-arid regions. Moreover, water allocation for irrigation is hit by other economic sectors for low per capita profit. It is inevitable to extend higher-efficient irrigations to replace conventional border irrigation. A three-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different irrigation methods on maize’s water use and

The widening gap between China's urban and rural diets and population size poses new challenges to the sustainable supply of agricultural water, undoubtedly increasing the uncertainty of ensuring China's food security. This study compares water required for food in urban and rural areas from 1981 to 2016 using data collected from multiple sources and projects the water required amount in urban and

In the presented study we estimated the effect of long-term application of (I) various systems of soil cultivation: (i) conventional tillage, (ii) reduced tillage and (iii) no-tillage, (II) wheat monoculture – spring and winter forms, and (III) crop rotation, on the basic physical properties of Rendzic Phaeozem. In the experiment soil physical properties were studied, such as particle density, bulk

The current study evaluated the development and growth of three major rapeseed genotypes (Hyola308, Hyola401, and RGS003 as early-, mid-, and late-maturity genotypes, respectively) as well as seed yield under different irrigation regimes (full irrigation, withholding irrigation at the flowering stage, withholding irrigation at the pod initiation stage, and withholding irrigation at the seed filling

The concept of virtual water was first proposed by the geographer Tony Allan in 1993, referring to the amount of water needed to produce products and services. Research on virtual water has gradually increased in recent years. This paper explored the current research status of virtual water from the aspects of virtual water accounting methods, impact assessment, and research limitations and gaps. In

Climate change directly affects crop evapotranspiration and irrigation demand. The temporal and spatial variation of crop evapotranspiration is crucial to irrigation schedule planning and water resource management. Using 52 years of climate data from 43 stations in the North China Plain, this study examined trends and spatial distributions of the cotton evapotranspiration (ETc) and irrigation requirement

Subsurface drains, when installed in non-cohesive soil, are typically covered with an envelope to tackle problems of clogging and siltation. Selecting a suitable envelope material, however, is complicated and depends primarily on soil characteristics in the area where the drains are to be installed. A new promising drainpipe-envelope concept, Hydroluis, has been developed which the designers claim

Reducing water inputs, by maintaining grain yield quality, is important for sustainable production of rice. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of different water management techniques on milling recovery, grain quality, and mercury uptake in rice under dry direct-seeded and transplanted production systems. Two aromatic rice cultivars (Basmati-515 and Chenab Basmati) were planted

The limited water resources have forced the use of unconventional water such as urban wastewater in agriculture. However, using these water resources requires the consideration of their impact on water, soil, human and environment. Inthis study,the suitability of using urban treated wastewater as irrigation water has been investigated using geographic information system (GIS) and multi criteria decision

Crop yields are significantly restricted by the shortage of water resources in semi-arid and semi-humid regions around the world. Farming practices like ridge-furrow planting with plastic film mulching (RFFM) can effectively improve crop yield and crop water productivity (WP) by enhancing soil moisture and temperature availability. This meta-analysis study collected and analyzed the data of 964 observations

Maize (Zea mays L.) evapotranspiration crop coefficients (Kc) that are needed to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc) using the two-step approach for variable rate irrigation and nitrogen management under different soil types have not been investigated or quantified. In this research, alfalfa- and grass-reference crop coefficients (Kcr and Kco) curves were developed for fixed rate or uniform rate

The performance of irrigation schemes around the world has been below expectations. The assessment of irrigation performance is an essential step towards improving agricultural water use. One of the primary performance indicators is the relative irrigation supply (RIS, the ratio between the amount of water delivered and the crop net irrigation requirements). This study presents a worldwide analysis

Drought monitoring and assessment are of great importance due to the costly damage caused by drought. Datasets, drought indexes and drought relationships are three critical areas of drought research. Satellite-retrieved soil moisture (SM) products derived from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) show application potential in drought monitoring. However, the products are missing

Uncertainty in the availability of water supply pose challenges to traditional irrigation approaches. Regulating the amount and time of irrigation at different crop growth stages could provide a solution to optimize the irrigation water amid drought periods. This study evaluated the effect of different deficit irrigation levels on maize (Zea mays L.) at several growth phases over two growing seasons

The accurate and efficient management of irrigation and fertilizer is essential for the effective intensive production of greenhouse cherry tomato. In this study, we evaluated the effects of irrigation and fertilizer combinations on yield, growth, and nutritional and taste quality of cherry tomato. More specifically, we applied a quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with four experimental

Rice (Oryza sativa) has one of highest applied water footprints of any crop, due in many cases to high percolation and lateral seepage rates in flooded rice fields. Better understanding the magnitude and variability of these subsurface water flows and their contribution to the rice field water balance is critical for efforts to reduce the water footprint of rice production and to limit the transport

This study comprehensively used Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS for independently monitoring crop water adequacy in response to existing irrigation management system in Bari Doab, Pakistan. Canals’ rotation plan is developed before start of each cropping season to distribute water on fixed turn basis. The study combines the moderate (Landsat-8) and low resolution (MODIS) satellite imagery to assess near

Water productivity (WP) expressed as the yield produced per unit volume of water is an important indicator of water use in arid and semi-arid areas. Due to complex plant cover and hydrological processes, the quantification and assessment of WP are usually difficult to determine, especially at the regional scale. In this study, an arid irrigated agro-ecosystem in the upper Yellow River basin was selected

Impact sprinkler (20PY2 IS) outlet is a single-phase water flow, and the aeration impact sprinkler (20PY2 AIS) outlet is gas-liquid two-phase flow. The jet dispersing principle of AIS is somewhat different from conventional sprinklers and has advantages and the ability to working well at the low-pressure condition. The experimental study on the droplet size distribution of IS and AIS was carried out

Studying the physiological responses of winter wheat to drought is conducive to learning to utilize biological water-saving technologies, such as regulating deficit irrigation and obtaining higher water use efficiency (WUE). However, the close relationship between the trend of responses of physiological functions in wheat and changes in soil moisture merits further study. In this study, a two-season

Even though mango productivity in Ethiopia is low due to moisture stress, there is no report on how such constraint could alleviate using Cocoon water-saving technology. Cocoon is small water reservoir technology which uses for plant growth in dry season. The objectives of this study were to introduce and evaluate effectiveness of water-saving techniques on mango seedlings survival and growth in Mihitsab-Azmati

Soil moisture sensors are subject to uncertainty (inaccuracy) in measuring soil water status, that hinders various applications. User groups (researchers and growers/advisers) rely on these sensors for estimating critical agricultural water management decisions and information such as total soil water in the crop root zone (TSW), crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and predicting irrigation triggers (IT)

Water-scarcity in dry areas is driving agriculture towards increased utilization of marginal to poor quality water sources for irrigation. This includes groundwater and recycled wastewater that tend to be characterized by high levels of minerals and commonly of problematic salts. Israel has been a global leader in irrigation application efficiency, use of groundwater with relatively high concentrations

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), accounting for 30 percent of the total world sugar production, maybe affected by drought in terms of both its yield and quality. Proline is an amino acid with pivotal role in plant responses to drought stress. The present experiment was conducted at two locations during 2015. The treatments included 100 %, 75 %, and 50 % irrigation water requirements (IWR) and 0, 5, and

The patterns of soil water and mineral nitrogen (Nmin) distribution, stand growth, and N uptake in a triploid Populus tomentosa plantation under two-year drip irrigation and N fertigation (DIF) treatments were investigated. There was a positive relationship between stand growth and the amount of precipitation and irrigation. Precipitation and irrigation affected the content of Nmin in top 0−20 cm soil

Computation of integral water capacity (IWC), as an alternative criterion for soil water availability to plant, requires developing of weighting function (ω(h)) for each limiting factor may prevail within a particular water or suction range (e. g., hd and hw) in the root medium and diminish water availability to plant. So far defining hd and hw limits for a particular limiting factor has been primarily

Soil mulching can effectively modify crop growth environments and increase crop productivity in rainfed agriculture, and the knowledge about water fluxes within the soil-crop-atmosphere ecosystem is essential for improving water productivity (WP) in water-limited regions such as Northwest China. This study systematically investigated seasonal and inter-annual dynamics of evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning

In large parts of the Netherlands surface water quality does not meet the chemical and ecological standards as indicated by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). The largest exceedances were found in areas with greenhouse horticulture, flower bulbs, fruit trees and ornamental trees. Several regulations have been implemented to improve water quality in greenhouse areas, leading finally to a target

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is usually calculated as a pre-requisite to obtain the actual evapotranspiration (ET). Estimation of ET0 using extreme learning machine (ELM) is a new norm due to its excellent computation efficiency and its lower data dependency. However, the lack of stochastic tuning often results in the convergence to the local optima instead of the global optimum. This study attempts

Partial rootzone drying (PRD) is an irrigation technique that usually applies less water (than well-watered control treatments) to only part of the rootzone (the irrigated side) and alternates the irrigated and non-irrigated sides. However, an incomplete understanding of the effects of its components (decreased water application versus frequency of alternating the irrigated side) on physiological responses

Plants respond differently to water-deficit stress conditions in the soil. In order to study different irrigation regimes and plant growth regulators/plant growth promoting bacteria effects on some physiological characteristics and inulin content in chicory plants, experiments were conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with five replications at the greenhouse of Agricultural

Sugarbeet is a deep-rooted crop in unrestricted soil profiles that can readily utilize stored soil water to reduce seasonal irrigation requirements. Soil water below 0.6 m is not commonly considered for irrigation scheduling due to the labor and expense of soil water monitoring at deeper depths and uncertainty in effective rooting depth and soil water holding capacity. Thermal-based crop water stress

Water harvesting techniques have shown promising outcomes in mitigating risks, increasing yields and delivering positive influences on other ecosystems. A field study was conducted in Northern Jordan to assess the influence of combined in-situ water harvesting techniques, micro-catchment and mulching on soil moisture content, plant morphology, gas exchange [photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (E), and

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus, L.) is widely grown in greenhouses in China as an offseason vegetable because of its high yield and economic benefits. Considering that cucumber is sensitive to soil water conditions, optimal irrigation scheduling may further enhance cucumber yields and water productivity. In this study, a 3-season experiment from January 2018 to July 2019 was conducted in a new type of commercial

We investigate how user-managed small-scale irrigation can influence inclusive rural transformation. Cultivating inclusive rural transformation is key to sustainable growth and poverty reduction in developing countries, but existing research rarely analyses the holistic impacts of rural development projects on this process. We use a combination of quantitative and qualitative data to rigorously measure

Subsurface drainage is effective for not only controlling groundwater table depth but also alleviating soil salinization especially in arid and semi-arid agricultural areas. While substantial research efforts have been spent to determine the parameters (e.g., drain depth, drain spacing, and pipe diameter) of subsurface drainage pipe layout for water drainage, less attention has been paid to determine

Inappropriate water and fertilizer management can lead to unstable crop yield, and excessive irrigation and fertilization can potentially cause soil degradation and groundwater pollution. A two-year field experiment was conducted on drip-fertigated spring maize (Zea mays L.) in Ningxia of northwest China to explore the effects of four irrigation amounts (I75: 0.75ETc, I90: 0.90ETc, I105: 1.05ETc and

In the assessment of irrigation schemes, the accuracy of performance indicators related to the water balance could be improved by estimating crop evapotranspiration (ETc) using remote sensing techniques. The two main remote sensing approaches to estimating ETc are the surface energy balance and the FAO56-based approach, that uses the ability of vegetation indices (VI) to trace the crop coefficient