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Research on stage–discharge relationship model based on random forest algorithm Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Yuechuan Gao, Zhu Jiang, Yuchen Wang
Hydrological simulations and predictions are vital aspects of hydrological change research. Accurate predictions of hydrological factors such as stage and discharge are essential for water resources planning, reservoir dispatching and operation, shipping management and flood control. River discharge forecasting during flood seasons is an important issue in water resources planning and management. To
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Impacts of the flexible net on riverbed evolution in degrading channels Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Runxiang Li, Jing Zhang, Zhixue Guo
The short-term dramatic degradation of the riverbed poses a great threat to the river and the functioning of infrastructure in its vicinity. In this paper, a straight flume experiment was carried out to measure the velocity, water level, riverbed elevation, and riverbed morphology under different experiment conditions, combined with the SfM (Structure-from-Motion) method to generate the riverbed DEMs
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Scour countermeasures around cylindrical pier by using downscaled W weir Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Ramu Karthik, Upendra Kumar, Abdul Karim Barbhuiya
Scour is a significant concern for bridge design/maintenance, and scour countermeasures are often used to prevent or reduce erosion caused by scouring. The W weir is a grade control structure serving many purposes, including scour control at bridge piers. A series of laboratory experimental runs was conducted, changing the size, height and location of the pier in relation to the weir to optimise the
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Evaluating the efficiency of water development–utilisation–treatment system: a DEA-BPNN model Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Shiyu Yan, Liming Yao, Zhineng Hu
With rapid economic growth and urbanisation, water shortage and water pollution are becoming more and more serious. It is very important for decision makers to understand the efficiency of the water system and know its development trend. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a robust tool for assessing efficiency. However, the DEA model lacks predictive capabilities, and cannot give guidance on future
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Comparison of deep learning models to extract silt storage dams from remote sensing images Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Jingwei Hou, Moyan Zhu, Bo Hou
Determining the locations and shapes of silt storage dams (SSDs) is necessary before planning and constructing new ones or maintaining old ones. Google images with a spatial resolution of 0.54 m were cropped, labelled and enhanced to establish two schemes of remote sensing images that contain SSDs with different input and batch sizes. Five deep learning models (FCN (fully connected convolutional neural
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Equation for time-dependent local scour at pier-like structures with eccentric in-line arrangements Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Buddhadev Nandi, Subhasish Das
Excess scour developing around tandem and eccentric piers of side-by-side bridges may aggravate bridge failure. Thinking differently, this combination of pier-like structures may increase scour and shift sediments towards the bank, which may help in self-dredging. Therefore, accurate estimation of temporal scour depth (dst) around such piers has a very high priority nowadays. However, little work has
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Research on stage-discharge relationship model based on random forest algorithm Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Yuechuan Gao, Zhu Jiang, Yuchen Wang
Hydrological simulation and prediction is a vital aspect of the hydrological change research. Accurate prediction of hydrological factors such as stage and discharge is essential for water resources planning, reservoir dispatching and operation, shipping management and flood control. River discharge forecasting during flood season is an important issue in water resources planning and management. To
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Forecasting river daily discharge using decision tree and time series methods Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Mohammad Ranjbar Kabootarkhani, Soudabeh Golestani Kermani, Ammar Aldallal, Mohammad Zounemat-Kermani
River floods disrupt communication and transportation networks, damage buildings and infrastructure, destroy agricultural products and livestock, cause capital losses and endanger human life. Accurate and proper flood prediction and forecasting are major challenges in hydrology and water resources management. The aim of this study was to forecast and estimate the daily flows of three rivers in Iran
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Machine learning-based prediction of scour depth around different-shaped bridge abutments Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Yangyu Deng, Yakun Liu, Di Zhang, Ze Cao
Accurate assessment of scour depth around bridge abutments is crucial to reasonable design of abutment structures. In this study, machine learning (ML) models are implemented, including M5′ model tree (M5′MT), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), locally weighted polynomial regression (LWPR) and multigene genetic programming (MGGP) to predict scour depth around vertical-wall, 45° wing-wall
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Discharge coefficients to be used in inlet hydraulics Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Manuel Gómez, Jackson Tellez-Alvarez, Beniamino Russo
Urban pluvial floods can be produced or exacerbated by an insufficient density of inlets or by their poor hydraulic efficiency. Therefore, proper consideration of the hydraulic performance of inlets is essential to guarantee the correct functioning of urban drainage systems during heavy storm events. Recent advances in computational analysis in the field of hydrodynamics modelling allow the use of
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Experimental study of the expansion of soil wetting fronts in heterogeneous sloping lands Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Naser Ramzanian Azizi, Askari Tashakori, Eisa Maroufpoor, Samad Emamgholizadeh
The aim of this research was to measure wetting front (WF) advances under various conditions using a physical model. WF advance, along with its distribution in soils, is an important parameter in drip irrigation. It is influenced by many factors, including land slope, emitter discharge and soil texture. The effects of these factors were investigated by constructing a physical model (60 cm wide, 120 cm
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Formation conditions of wave-type flows at stilling basins with a drop Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Nihat Eroğlu, Kerem Taştan
The formation conditions of maximum- and minimum-wave jumps were experimentally investigated. A total of 110 wave-type jump experiments were carried out for several discharges, supercritical upstream and subcritical downstream water depths and drop heights. The experimental results revealed that the influential parameters on wave-type jumps are the upstream Froude number and the relative drop height
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Management of irrigation water in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, using a simple alternative to the Penman–Monteith equation Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Khalid A. Alkhuzai
Estimating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is very important in the planning and scheduling of irrigation water. A simple method for the estimation of ETo is needed, with fewer meteorological factors that are required for estimation using the Penmen–Monteith equation (PME). The aim of this study was to manage irrigation water in the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia using a simple equation to
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Semi-analytical method to estimate boundary shear stress in smooth rectangular and trapezoidal open channels Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-12 Pouria Beygi, Babak Lashkar-Ara
In smooth prismatic open channels, the boundary shear stress is obtained from continuity and momentum equations. The shear stress is a function of gravity, secondary flow and gradient velocity. In this research, semi-analytical equations were developed to estimate the average boundary shear stress in smooth rectangular and trapezoidal open channels with side slopes of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 using conformal
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Towards safer, more sustainable debris and security screens Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Amanda Kitchen, Jeremy Benn, Richard Cox, Phil Welton
The UK has over 35 000 primary, debris and security screens, intended to prevent internal blockage of culverts by debris and/or entry to a hazardous culvert. Historically some screens were constructed with insufficient justification, insufficient area or poor detailing, increasing flood risk and unnecessary safety risks to operatives, especially during high river levels. In 2019, Ciria's Culvert, Screens
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Responses of live-bed scour at instream structures to fluvial bedform migration Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Yifan Yang, Lu Wang, Bruce W. Melville, Asaad Y. Shamseldin, Graham H. Macky
Migrating bedforms in alluvial rivers can exacerbate scour damage at instream structures and lead to structural failure. This study investigates the interaction between scour at instream structures and bedform migration. Both two-dimensional (submerged weirs) and three-dimensional (uniform and complex piers) structures are considered. Two components constitute live-bed scour depth: the dynamic scour
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Investigation of the geometry effect on air-demand ratio in conduits with a sluice gate Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Alp Bugra Aydin, Ahmet Baylar, Fahri Ozkan, Muhammed Cihat Tuna, Mualla Ozturk
Gated conduits involve high-velocity air–water flow. When studies on gated conduits are examined, it is determined that the air-demand ratio changes according to the hydraulic and geometric parameters. However, no study has investigated the effect of the cross-sectional geometry of high-head conduits with a sluice gate on the air-demand ratio. In this study, the effect of conduit cross-sectional geometry
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Optimised multi-objective design of weir structures Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Robel Tilaye Geressu, Tesfaye Haimanot Tarekegn, Ermias Alemu Demissie
Diversion head works, also called weirs or barrages, are structures constructed across rivers or canals to store water or raise the water level. The design of diversion weir structures involves calculating the depth, length and thickness of the horizontal and sloping aprons and sheet pile cut-offs. The design parameters of a diversion weir structure, which have complex non-linear relationships, are
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Emerging membrane technologies for low-cost desalination Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-24 Surya Murali Racha, Shouvik Mitra, Biswajit Shown, Sukumar Mandal, Asit Kumar Das
Reverse osmosis (RO) has become an attractive option to produce potable water to cater the global needs. Despite the potential advantages of the RO process, it has limitations too. To address such limitations membrane distillation (MD), forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) are now becoming emerging areas of research for seawater desalination. With significant advances in FO and
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Evaluation of reservoir operation schemes: from rule curve to many-objective optimisation Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Duan Chen, Arturo Leon, Ruonan Li, Rui Han
Quantitative comparisons of different reservoir operation schemes can provide valuable suggestions for decision making and help to promote new planning tools under changing environments. The full spectrum of reservoir operation schemes (rule-curve-based setup (RBS), single-objective optimisation setup (SOS), bi-objective optimisation setup (BOS) and many-objective optimisation setup (MOS)) was considered
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Effect of sediment supply on the flow characteristics in a meandering channel Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Hao Zheng, Yunwen Pan, Kejun Yang
Meandering channels are common in natural rivers, especially in lowland alluvial plains. In this research, a meandering channel was designed in order to explore the effect of sediment supply on the flow characteristics. The water level, three-dimensional (3D) instantaneous velocity and riverbed elevation were measured using a digital wave altimeter, a 3D acoustic Doppler velocimeter and a 3D laser
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Relationship between two-phase flow in bottom outlet and air-core vortices at intake Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 Abdorreza Kabiri-Samani, Nooshin Jafarinasab, Zohreh Sheikh Khozani
Model experiments were conducted on the hydraulic characteristics of air-water two-phase flow inside the bottom outlet of shaft spillways as a result of natural air suction from air-core vortices at the pipe intake. Experiments were performed in a cylindrical reservoir 2 m in diameter and 1 m high, under a swirling flow around the intake, investigating the most severe two-phase flow regimes. Three
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Higher-order turbulence around simple and complex piers using particle image velocimetry Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Priyanka Gautam, T. I. Eldho, B. S. Mazumder, M. R. Behera
The objective of this study was to explore the higher-order turbulence statistics of flow and turbulent length scales around a complex pier (CP) and compare the results with those for a simple pier (SP). The velocity data were recorded in a laboratory flume using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The PIV data were analysed to estimate the velocity fluctuations of third order, turbulence production
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Adapting reservoir flushing strategies to changing hydro-climatic conditions Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Gregor Petkovšek
The sustainable use of water reservoirs is threatened by sediment accumulation, but loss of storage volume can be prevented or limited by appropriate sediment management strategies that work in a variety of expected conditions. The development of a reservoir flushing strategy, tested against water and sediment inflow that might occur over centuries, is presented. A typical length of water and sediment
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Roller fluctuations of pre-aerated high-Froude-number hydraulic jumps Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-06 Weiyang Zhao, Weilin Xu, Hang Wang, Rongcai Tang, Ruidi Bai
This work presents an experimental study of the fluctuating properties of hydraulic jump rollers for high-Froude-number and pre-aerated inflow conditions, to investigate the validity of empirical relationships in the literature that are derived typically from experiments for smaller Froude numbers and clear-water approach flows. The jump roller fluctuations are evaluated in terms of the dimensions
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Versions of the drainage area ratio method for transfer of daily or monthly stream flows Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Tefaruk Haktanir, Alper Aydemir, Nese Acanal
Using the drainage area ratio (DAR) method, daily or monthly flows gauged at a nearby station are transferred to an ungauged section where a dam is to be built by multiplying them by a real number resulting from raising the ratio of the drainage areas of the dam section and of the station to an exponent n. Commonly, n is taken as 1. Using the daily flows of two stations nearby a dam section on the
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Effects of collars on local scour around semi-circular end bridge abutments Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Mustafa Gogus, Sueyla Daskin, Serkan Gokmener
The occurrence of scour around bridge elements due to the transportation of bed material during flood events can cause serious structural damage and loss of life. Increased uncertainties in precipitation and runoff predictions due to climate change make this phenomenon more complex and dangerous. Bridge scour countermeasures should thus be more focused on decreasing scour formation around bridge elements
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Application of a linked model to simulate catchment water quality in complex land-use area Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Kwang-Wook Jung, Yong-Hoon Jeong, In-Kyun Jung, Su-Man Kang, Seung-Hyun Yoon, Dong-Heui Kwak
Owing to the recent developments in computer technology and nationally accumulated hydrology, land use, soil characteristics and flow and water quality monitoring data, high-level modelling results are required. However, as most catchments have a mixture of urban and rural areas, it is challenging to apply one effective model. This study applied a hydrological simulation program to a storm water management
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A novel optimisation framework for interpretation of unconfined aquifer pumping test data Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-21 Abdurrahman Ufuk Şahin
The complex well function formulations developed for unconfined aquifer systems make the determination of aquifer parameters difficult and inefficient using classical methods. In addition, the dimensional dependency of aquifer parameters, as well as the non-linear and non-convex nature of inverse groundwater problems, can make the stand-alone use of the metaheuristic algorithms inefficient in terms
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The influence of boundary conditions on simulation of pressure wave reflection in a pipe Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-21 Linkun Zhao, Jianqiang Deng, Xijian Guo, Zheng Cao
Previous studies have demonstrated that the flow characteristics of pressure waves in hydraulic experiments show two types of reflected waves: those with the same type pressure vibration trend and those with the opposite vibration trend, with the pressure amplitude equal to that of the original wave. Reflection characteristics in a simulation must be consistent with those found experimentally. To determine
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Effectiveness of cyclic irrigation on yield, yield components and water productivity Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Mohammad Azizi, Mohammad Albaji, Saeed Boroomand Nasab
The efficiency of cyclic irrigation (CI) (using river water (RW) and drainage water (DW)) was investigated and compared with normal irrigation (NI) (using only RW). A 24 × 30 m research area was selected and divided into three plots – A (maize), B (soybean) and C (sunflower). Plot A was designed to produce DW for the irrigation of plots B and C. In plot B, a split-plot design was applied with randomised
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Effect of simultaneous use of cable and bed sill scour countermeasures around a cylindrical pier Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Ehsan Gerami, Manouchehr Heidarpour, Reza Mohammadpour Ghalati
The simultaneous use of cable and bed sill (CBS) scour countermeasures around a cylindrical pier was investigated. With the aim of finding the best combination of CBS in terms of scour depth reduction, 16 laboratory assessments of local scour were conducted. These experiments were also used to investigate the turbulent flow structure and sediment entrainment. The best combination of simultaneous CBS
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Prediction of scour depth downstream of the flip bucket with machine learning techniques Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-26 Mohammad Rashki Ghaleh Nou, Mehdi Azhdary Moghaddam
One of the most common structures used for energy dissipation is the flip bucket. A jet passing through these spillways, after being thrown into the air and hitting the downstream bed, still has high energy, causing scour downstream of the spillway. Therefore, accurate estimation of the scour depth is important in the proper design of the main and related structures. In recent years, the use of computational
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Bottom and side-wall aeration performance of an offset aerator in a flood discharge chute Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-19 Xuechun Liu, Ruidi Bai, Shanjun Liu, Zhong Tian
Building a chute aerator is an efficient way of protecting the chute bottom from cavitation damage in large flood-discharging hydraulic structures, but it sometimes fails to provide sufficient protection to the side-walls. In this study, basic air–water flow properties were investigated for discharge flows over an offset chute aerator model, with particular focus on the near-bottom and near-wall regions
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Developing groundwater contaminant remediation strategies for seven regional aquifers Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 Sandra Vasin, Grzegorz Gzyl, Marina Bellotti, Loris Colombo, Marco Ghirardi, Goran Gjetvaj, Petr Kohout, Joerg Prestor, Susanne Rollwagen
A common challenge in many cities in Europe is endangerment of natural resources due to soil and water pollution. Despite extensive investigation and remediation measures over decades and current practices of environmental management, residues of pollutants persist in soil and groundwater, reducing the functionality of many urban areas. In complex hydrogeological systems, where contaminated plumes
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Optimal reservoir operation using parametric elitist cuckoo search algorithm Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-12 M. Trivedi, R. K. Shrivastava
Optimal reservoir operation has become a challenging problem due to streamflow uncertainties. Frameworks for optimal reservoir operation play a vital role in the management of water resources. Effective and judicious utilisation of water from reservoirs helps in the management of periods of water deficit. The main objective in reservoir optimisation is to design operating rules that can be used to
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Risk assessment framework for the supply of water during a crisis Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-05-23 Mohammad Ali Nekooie, Mohammad Attari, Arash Ghaffariankolahi, Yaser Rajai
A city's water supply system is often vulnerable to natural hazards and artificial threats. The provision of clean and healthy water is a main lifeline for victims in temporary shelters and remaining residents in the aftermath period. During a crisis, lack of an emergency water supply plan increases the number of casualties. The aim of this research was to develop a supply plan for emergency water
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Water surface profile prediction in compound channels with vegetated floodplains Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-03-07 Marzieh Mohseni, Amineh Naseri
Floods have become one of the most dangerous and frequent natural disasters. Most rivers are characterised by compound cross-sections that are usually contain vegetation. The ability to simulate water surface profiles (WSPs) in vegetated rivers quickly and accurately is crucial in flood forecasting operations. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost and practical tool for predicting the WSP
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Compression waves in semi-circular channel Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-03-04 Emelia Dara Soechiarto, Davide Wűthrich, Hubert Chanson
Partially filled pipe flows are commonly observed in urban hydraulics, sewers and road crossings. The occurrence of a compression wave in the confined space may result from flash flooding, transient operation or accidental blockage, inducing explosive conditions. In this study, the propagation of a compression wave was studied in a relatively large laboratory flume of semi-circular cross-section. The
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The economic value of water in crop productions and policy implications in southern Brazil Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-02-16 Camila Dalla Porta Mattiuzi, Guilherme Fernandes Marques, Josué Medellin-Azuara, Ana Paula Dalcin
Promoting economically efficient solutions to meet competing demands for water under uncertain and variable supplies requires knowledge about the economic value of water and costs for its scarcity. In this work, an agricultural production optimisation model was used to evaluate the marginal value of water (MVW) in an agricultural region of rice and soybean growing in southern Brazil. The results indicate
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Experimental study on flow mechanisms in a sine-shaped meandering compound channel Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Geng Qu, Chengwei Hu, Shiming Yao, Bing Ding
Hydrodynamic processes in compound channels are closely related to the cross-sectional geometry of the river. The cross-sectional shape of natural meandering rivers is always irregular, with a curved main channel (MC) and one or two floodplains (FPs), and most are confined within levees. The geometric shape of the cross-section of such rivers changes greatly in a flood, which influences the exchange
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Understanding the determinants of public non-revenue water reduction intention in Selangor Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-01-26 Ong Shelley Tze Xien, Chong Shyue Chuan, Sia Bik Kai
Malaysia's high level of non-revenue water (NRW) has reduced the ability of the water service providers to accommodate increasing water demands and caused immense financial stress for their water-related infrastructure investment as well as operating expenditures. The main purpose of this work was to examine consumer behaviour towards NRW reduction based on an extended model that integrated the constructs
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Deriving reservoir operating rules considering ecological demands of multiple stations Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2022-01-17 Chen Wu, Yibo Wang, Jing Ji, Pan Liu, Liping Li, Maoyuan Feng
Reservoirs play important roles in hydropower generation, flood control, water supply and navigation. However, the regulation of reservoirs is challenged due to their adverse influences on river ecosystems. In this study, ‘Ecoflow’ was used as an ecological indicator for reservoir operation to indicate the extent of natural flow alteration. Three reservoir optimisation models were established to derive
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Comparative study of groundwater level forecasts using hybrid neural network models Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Saeid Afkhamifar, Amirpouya Sarraf
Groundwater is the world's central supply of fresh water. Water supply policies, particularly in dry seasons, thus need to be based on accurate modelling of groundwater level (GWL) fluctuations. In the work reported in this paper, a hybrid wavelet-transform-based extreme learning machine (ELM) model was investigated for predicting GWL. Two other popular models – a wavelet-transform based artificial
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A novel ‘pressure index’ for predicting number of pipe bursts in water distribution system Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Savalan Pour Akbarkhiavi, Monzur Alam Imteaz
This paper presents the application of hydraulic modelling for the prediction of pipe bursts in a water distribution system (WDS). As a case study, more than 1430 km of pipelines within 29 water pressure zones (PZs) in Bendigo and Castlemaine WDSs, located in Victoria, Australia, were modelled and calibrated using an InfoWorks WS hydraulic model. A pressure index (PI) was defined to quantify the intensity
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Scouring of sand beds by short impinging turbulent jets Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Mahmud Rashedul Amin, Nallamuthu Rajaratnam, David Z. Zhu
Laboratory experiments were carried out to study the scouring of sand beds by vertically impinging submerged circular turbulent water jets with short impinging height of 5.5 times the jet diameter. Measurements of the profiles of the static scour hole at different times were made along with the dynamic scour depths using a novel experimental arrangement. It was found that the asymptotic characteristic
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Comparison of oxygen transfer efficiency using new types of baffle blocks Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-12-03 Mahmut Aydoğdu, O. Faruk Dursun
Oxygen is needed in water to maintain the natural ecological balance and the health of organisms. The amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water can be increased naturally in different ways. In particular, some hydraulic structures are designed so reoxygenation of water occurs spontaneously over a short distance and in a short time. Baffled chutes are designed to dissipate the energy of flow in irrigation
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A framework for assessment of flood vulnerabilities – case of Narmada River Basin, India Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-11-24 Shefali Dubey Pathak, Mukul Kulshrestha
The aim of this study is to lay a framework for evaluating flood vulnerabilities. Specifically, it applies the proposed methodology to evaluate flood vulnerability index (FVI) across 21 districts comprising a significantly large part (drainage area of 85 859 km2) of Narmada River basin in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The study assesses sensitivity, adaptive capacity indices, and the
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A hybrid gene expression programming model for discharge prediction Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-11-24 Shicheng Li, James Yang
The head–discharge relationship of an overflow weir is a prerequisite for flow measurement. Conventionally, it is determined by regression methods. With machine learning techniques, data-driven modelling becomes an alternative. However, a standalone model may be inadequate to generate satisfactory results, particularly for a complex system. With the intention of improving the performance of standard
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The influence of a deposit body on near-bed shear stress Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-11-19 Yan He, Jing Zhang, Huling Jiang, Zhixue Guo, Hongxi Zhao
The probability distribution of the fluctuating velocity in three dimensions and the near-bed shear stress (NBSS) of a channel with a deposit body were studied using mathematical statistics and the turbulent kinetic energy method, respectively. This analysis of the longitudinal and plane distributions of the NBSS under varying discharges, width ratios and lateral slopes will help further understanding
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Experimental and numerical study of Zuppinger water wheel model Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-11-15 Shakun Paudel, Martin Weber, Dirk Geyer, Nicole Saenger
The Zuppinger water wheel, developed in the 1850s, is one of the most efficient water wheels and is commonly used for low-head hydropower generation. The high efficiencies of the wheel over a wide operating range, its simplicity in design and slow rotational speed offer a low-cost and environmentally friendly low-head hydropower solution. A physical and numerical model study of a wheel is presented
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Reservoir management under different operating water levels, operation policies and climate change conditions Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-11-09 Amin Hassanjabbar, Bahram Saghafian, Iman Sane, Saeed Jamali
Water resources/reservoir management in developing countries attracts considerable attention due to growing human requirements and environmental concerns. The Seimare–Karkheh hydropower reservoir cascade, in the Karkheh River basin southwest of Iran, was studied. The impacts of changing reservoir operating water levels on hydropower generation and downstream environmental requirements were evaluated
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Flow characteristics in continuous bends with pool–point bar topography Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 Yujiao Liu, Minghui Yu, Haoyong Tian, Yaguang Xie
The bar–pool morphology is a typical feature of meandering channels that strongly affects flow and transport patterns. In this study, the three-dimensional flow velocity was measured in detail at six cross-sections in two continuous reverse bends with pool–point bar topography. The streamwise velocity, cross-sectional distributions of circulation, net transversal flow, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)
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Optimisation model for multi-reservoir systems based on profust reliability Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 Sukanya J. Nair, Kizhakkayil Sasikumar
A large number of multi-reservoir hydropower systems are in operation all over the world in order to meet increasing power demand. To date, different optimisation methods have been applied to multi-reservoir systems. However, overcoming the computational effort required to find an optimal operating policy for multi-reservoir systems still remains a difficult task. The aim of this study was to optimise
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Numerical simulation of concrete face rockfill dam seepage: case study of Miaojiaba dam, China Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 Shan Gao, Junrui Chai, Jing Cao, Zengguang Xu, Yuan Qin, Mengling Wang, Yixuan Chai
Concrete face rockfill dams are widely used in hydropower engineering because of their many advantages. As important structures, if the performance of the concrete face slab and the impervious curtain is weakened, leakages and even serious dam failures can occur. Based on an equivalent quasi-continuum medium model, three-dimensional finite-element numerical simulations of the seepage behaviour of Miaojiaba
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Effect of submerged vanes in front of circular reservoir intake on sediment flushing cone Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-19 Sepideh Beiramipour, Kourosh Qaderi, Majid Rahimpour, Mohammad M. Ahmadi, Sameh A. Kantoush
Reservoir sedimentation is a long-term process with various risks, such as reduction of storage capacity, hydropower generation and flood control functions throughout a reservoir's lifespan. For reservoirs facing loss of function with severe deposition, sediment flushing is an approach to preserving long-term storage. Here, submerged vanes combined with pressure flushing operations are proposed to
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Application of mathematical model on deposition study of pumped-storage power reservoir Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-13 Jian Chen, Qinqin Liu, Xin Li, Xuecheng Fu
Sediment deposition can cause a reduction in reservoir capacity and hydro-mechanical abrasion of pumped-storage power stations (PSPSs). To increase the operating efficiency and service life of PSPSs, sediment deposition in the process of reservoir water transfer needs to be addressed. Combined with hydrodynamics, reservoir sedimentation theory and a numerical model, a two-dimensional sediment model
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Energy recovery using pumps as turbines in water supply systems: a case study Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Eyup Kocak, Salih Karaaslan, A. Gil Andrade-Campos, Nuri Yucel
An investigation was undertaken into energy recovery from water supply systems (WSSs) using pumps that can work in reverse as turbines. Napoli Est network in Italy was selected as a case study. To find the optimal locations for the installation of reversible pumps in the network, a methodology was developed and implemented using computer programming and hydraulic simulation software. A technical feasibility
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Comparison of runoff from low-impact development measures in arid and humid cities Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Jingwei Hou, Shiqin Sun, Yanjuan Wang, Junren Wang, Chen Yang
A study was undertaken to identify differences in the performance of low-impact development (LID) measures in arid and humid cities. Yinchuan and Guangzhou in China were selected as a representative of each type. A stormwater management model was constructed with the aid of a geographic information system and LID measures of permeable pavements (PP), rain gardens (RG), green roofs (GR) and combinations
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Estimating single-site design flood variance using a generalised logistic distribution Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Manag. (IF 1.1) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen
An easy-to-use equation is presented for calculating the variance of a design flood estimated using a generalised logistic distribution with model parameters estimated using single-site analysis, as described in the UK Flood Estimation Handbook. The equation is applicable for return periods in the range 2–1000 years and for annual maximum flood series with L-skewness of −0.45 to 0.45, which is considered