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The influence of climatic conditions on the permeability and hydraulic properties of the L5–S5 layers in the Loess Plateau, North Qinling Mountains Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Yao CHEN; Hui QIAN; Kai HOU
A better understanding of the role of Quaternary-era climate change in the development of regional hydrology in the Loess Plateau and the impact on regional ecosystems is needed. In particular, a thorough examination of the permeability and recharge under different conditions in the fifth loess–palaeosol layer is required. The fifth loess–palaeosol layer is located at the southern edge of the Jinghe
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A relict tropical forest bat assemblage from the early Miocene of the Ribesalbes-Alcora Basin (Castelló, Spain) Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Vicente D. CRESPO; Paloma SEVILLA; Plini MONTOYA; Francisco J. RUIZ-SÁNCHEZ
We present the bat assemblage from the early Miocene (MN4, 16.9–15.95 MY) basin of Ribesalbes-Alcora, which has yielded the remains of ten chiropteran taxa. Bat assemblages are rarely recovered in the fluvio-lacustrine fossil record. A bat species described in this work, Cuvierimops penalveri sp. nov., is a new form of a typically Oligocene free-tailed bat. In addition, the other molossids Hydromops
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Revision of Erpetosuchus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and new erpetosuchid material from the Late Triassic ‘Elgin Reptile’ fauna based on μCT scanning techniques Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-11-06 Davide FOFFA; Richard J. BUTLER; Sterling J. NESBITT; Stig WALSH; Paul M. BARRETT; Stephen L. BRUSATTE; Nicholas C. FRASER
The Late Triassic fauna of the Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation (LSF) from the Elgin area, Scotland, has been pivotal in expanding our understanding of Triassic terrestrial tetrapods. Frustratingly, due to their odd preservation, interpretations of the Elgin Triassic specimens have relied on destructive moulding techniques, which only provide incomplete, and potentially distorted, information. Here
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Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Brigantian-Arnsbergian limestones from eastern Scotland and Northumberland (northeast England) Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Pedro CÓZAR; Ian D. SOMERVILLE
Foraminifers, calcareous algae and incertae sedis Algospongia of late Asbian to late Brigantian age in limestones from East Fife, East Lothian and Northumberland, enable the base of the late Brigantian to be recognised in all these areas. Preservation of the late Asbian and early Brigantian limestones in cyclothemic successions is generally poor. The St Monans White Limestone (St Monans, Fife), First
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First dinosaur from the Isle of Eigg (Valtos Sandstone Formation, Middle Jurassic), Scotland Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 Elsa PANCIROLI; Gregory F. FUNSTON; Femke HOLWERDA; Susannah C. R. MAIDMENT; Davide FOFFA; Nigel LARKIN; Tom CHALLANDS; Paige E. DEPOLO; Daniel GOLDBERG; Matthew HUMPAGE; Dugald ROSS; Mark WILKINSON; Stephen L. BRUSATTE
Dinosaur body fossil material is rare in Scotland, previously known almost exclusively from the Great Estuarine Group on the Isle of Skye. We report the first unequivocal dinosaur fossil from the Isle of Eigg, belonging to a Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) taxon of uncertain affinity. The limb bone NMS G.2020.10.1 is incomplete, but through a combination of anatomical comparison and osteohistology, we
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A review of the stem amniote Eldeceeon rolfei from the Viséan of East Kirkton, Scotland Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 Marcello RUTA; Jennifer A. CLACK; Timothy R. SMITHSON
The late Viséan anthracosauroid Eldeceeon rolfei from the East Kirkton Limestone of Scotland is re-described. Information from two originally described and two newly identified specimens broadens our knowledge of this tetrapod. A detailed account of individual skull bones and a revision of key axial and appendicular features are provided, alongside the first complete reconstructions of the skull and
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Diverse vertebrate assemblage of the Kilmaluag Formation (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Skye, Scotland Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-07-27 Elsa PANCIROLI; Roger B. J. BENSON; Stig WALSH; Richard J. BUTLER; Tiago Andrade CASTRO; Marc E. H. JONES; Susan E. EVANS
The Kilmaluag Formation on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, provides one of the richest Mesozoic vertebrate fossil assemblages in the UK, and is among the richest globally for Middle Jurassic tetrapods. Since its discovery in 1971, this assemblage has predominantly yielded small-bodied tetrapods, including salamanders, choristoderes, lepidosaurs, turtles, crocodylomorphs, pterosaurs, dinosaurs, non-mammalian
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Significance of viscous folding in the migmatites of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex, eastern India Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 Bibhuti GOGOI; Hiredya CHAUHAN; Gaurav HAZARIKA; Amiya BARUAH; Mukunda SAIKIA; Pallab Jyoti HAZARIKA
To understand the physico-chemical processes associated with migmatisation is an interesting petrological problem. New developments in microfluidics and chaotic mixing experiments have helped us to better perceive these processes from the migmatic rocks of the Proterozoic Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC), eastern India. The migmatic rocks of CGGC have preserved folded leucocratic veins in
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Multi-chronometer dating of the Souter Head complex: rapid exhumation terminates the Grampian Event of the Caledonian Orogeny Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Darren F. MARK; Clive M. RICE; Malcolm HOLE; Dan CONDON
The Souter Head sub-volcanic complex (Aberdeenshire, Scotland) intruded the high-grade metamorphic core of the Grampian Orogen at 469.1 ± 0.6 Ma (uranium-238–lead-206 (238U–206Pb) zircon). It follows closely peak metamorphism and deformation in the Grampian Terrane and tightly constrains the end of the Grampian Event of the Caledonian Orogeny. Temporally coincident U–Pb and argon/argon (40Ar/39Ar)
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Evaluation of active tectonics using geomorphic indices in a mountainous basin of Iran Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 Siamak BAHARVAND; Biswajeet PARDHAN; Salman SOORI
This study aims to evaluate the tectonic activities of the Vark basin, located in the great basin of Dez River in northwestern Iran, using geomorphologic indices combined with the geographical information system technique. Some geomorphic indices were used to achieve this aim. In this regard, the indices of stream length (SL), drainage asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), valley floor ratio (Vf)
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Geology of the Souter Head subvolcanic complex, Aberdeenshire, Scotland: an Ordovician granite-related Mo–(Bi–As–Au) system Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 Clive M. RICE; Darren F. MARK
An Ordovician subvolcanic intrusive complex hosted by Neoproterozoic metasediments crops out at Souter Head about 6km S of Aberdeen, Scotland. The complex is composed mainly of two-mica red granite and breccia with minor dykes of pegmatite, quartz porphyry, felsite and dolerite, and widespread quartz veining, hydrothermal alteration and minor molybdenite mineralisation. Anomalous levels of bismuth
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Systematics and description of the lungfish genus Sagenodus from the Carboniferous of the UK Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2020-01-21 Esther L. BEEBY; Timothy R. SMITHSON; Jennifer A. CLACK
The Carboniferous lungfish genus Sagenodus is reviewed from all available British specimens and described in detail for the first time. We identify two species exclusive to the UK: Sagenodusinaequalis, the type species, deriving from the late Carboniferous (=Pennsylvanian); and Sagenodus quinquecostatus derived from the early Carboniferous (=Mississippian). The genus is probably the most widespread
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A new genus and species of Micromalthidae from Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Archostemata) Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2019-11-04 Erik TIHELKA; Diying HUANG; Chenyang CAI
Micromalthidae is a small relictual family of archostematan beetles that is well known for its unusual asexual reproductive system characterised by parthenogenetic, viviparous, larviform females and sterile adults. Here we describe the first micromalthid beetle from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (ca.100Ma). Protomalthus burmaticus gen. et sp. nov. differs from all presently known micromalthid beetles
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Re-evaluation of an early sphenacodontian synapsid from the Lower Permian of England Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2019-08-15 Frederik SPINDLER
The holotypic isolated maxilla of the early sphenacodontian Haptodus grandis from the Cisuralian of England is revisited. A unique character combination includes haptodontine-grade traits like less specialised teeth and a high number of precanines, but at the same time a shortened lacrimal that is separated from the naris, which is strongly diagnostic of Sphenacodontoidea. As the specimen cannot be
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Soil metal/metalloid concentrations in the Clyde Basin, Scotland, UK: implications for land quality – CORRIGENDUM Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2019-07-08 F. M. FORDYCE; P. A. EVERETT; J. M. BEARCOCK; T. R. LISTER
An assessment of topsoil (5–20cm) metal/metalloid (hereafter referred to as metal) concentrations across Glasgow and the Clyde Basin reveals that copper, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony and zinc show the greatest enrichment in urban versus rural topsoil (elevated 1.7–2.1 times; based on median values). This is a typical indicator suite of urban pollution also found in other cities. Similarly, arsenic
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A new hexactinellid sponge from the Silurian of the Pentland Hills (Scotland) with similarities to extant rossellids Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2019-03-13 Joseph P. BOTTING; Yves CANDELA; Vicen CARRIÓ; William R. B. CRIGHTON
The Pentland Hills sponge fauna (Llandovery, Telychian) consists of an unusual, aberrant assemblage, but of low diversity. A new specimen of a unique sponge, Eoghanospongia carlinslowpensis gen. et sp. nov., is described from the classic locality of R82. The mushroom-shaped, probably stalked body (peduncle attachment to body not exposed) resembles that of some living rossellids, especially Caulophacus
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A revised ontogeny of the early Ordovician trilobite Leptoplastides salteri (Callaway, 1877) Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2018-11-20 Kristina MÅNSSON; Euan N. K. CLARKSON
The ontogeny of the pelturine olenid trilobite Leptoplastides salteri (Callaway, 1877) from the Shineton Shales, Shropshire, England, was first described in 1925 by Frank Raw. Since that time, scanning electron microscopy and other new technologies have revealed many more details of structure, of early developmental stages in particular, than were available to Raw. Whereas protaspides are not preserved
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Early and Middle Pleistocene environments, landforms and sediments in Scotland Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2018-10-04 Adrian M. HALL; Jon W. MERRITT; E. Rodger CONNELL; Alun HUBBARD
This paper reviews the changing environments, developing landforms and terrestrial stratigraphy during the Early and Middle Pleistocene stages in Scotland. Cold stages after 2.7 Ma brought mountain ice caps and lowland permafrost, but larger ice sheets were short-lived. The late Early and Middle Pleistocene sedimentary record found offshore indicates more than 10 advances of ice sheets from Scotland
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Palaeoecological perspectives on Holocene environmental change in Scotland Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2018-08-02 Kevin J. EDWARDS; K. D. BENNETT; Althea L. DAVIES
Palaeoecology has been prominent in studies of environmental change during the Holocene epoch in Scotland. These studies have been dominated by palynology (pollen, spore and related bio-and litho-stratigraphic analyses) as a key approach to multi- and inter-disciplinary investigations of topics such as vegetation, climate and landscape change. This paper highlights some key dimensions of the pollen-
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The Last Scottish Ice Sheet Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2018-05-15 Colin K. BALLANTYNE; David SMALL
The last Scottish Ice Sheet (SIS) expanded from a pre-existing ice cap after ∼35 ka. Highland ice dominated, with subsequent build-up of a Southern Uplands ice mass. The Outer Hebrides, Skye, Mull, the Cairngorms and Shetland supported persistent independent ice centres. Expansion was accompanied by ice-divide migration and switching flow directions. Ice nourished in Scotland reached the Atlantic Shelf
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After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2018-05-15 Colin K. BALLANTYNE
During Lateglacial cold periods, permafrost developed throughout Scotland, sediment-mantled slopes were extensively modified by solifluction and other forms of periglacial mass movement, large-scale sorted patterned ground formed on plateaux, and enhanced rockfall resulted in talus accumulation below cliffs. Most rock-slope failures occurred within five millennia following ice-sheet deglaciation, with
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Lateglacial environmental change in Scotland Earth Environ. Sci. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. (IF 2.839) Pub Date : 2017-11-23 Mike WALKER; John LOWE
This paper reviews the evidence for environmental change during the Lateglacial period (c.14.7–11.7 ka), perhaps the most intensively studied episode in the Quaternary history of Scotland. It considers first the stratigraphic subdivision and nomenclature of the Lateglacial, before proceeding to a discussion of the various lines of proxy evidence that have been used to reconstruct the spatial and temporal