The removal of nitrogen oxides under a high pressure has been widely accepted as an effective method for the treatment of oxy-fuel combustion flue gas. The high pressure promotes the oxidation of NO to NO2, subsequently removed by water to form nitric acid. However, both the measurement and modeling of nitrogen oxides absorption shows uncertainties. To quantify the nitrogen mass balance, gas-phase

Monitoring and Verification (M&V) was reviewed in this journal in 2015 as part of the Special Issue to mark the tenth anniversary of the IPCC report on CCS. This article provides an update, focusing on identifying areas where there has been technical progress. Activity in CCS has continued since 2015, but the shift towards commercial utilization has altered the context for M&V. Published field experimentation

Hydrocarbon gas emissions from with decommissioned wells are an underreported source of greenhouse gas emissions in oil and gas provinces. The associated emissions may partly counteract efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel infrastructure. We have developed an approach for assessing methane leakage from marine decommissioned wells based on a combination of existing regional

The purpose of this study is to quantify geochemical reactions of CO2 and brine with subsurface samples taken from the Mt. Simon sandstone and identify any potential alterations of the geomechanical rock properties that could lead to changes observable in seismic monitoring or result in changes of micro seismicity such as those observed at the Illinois Basin-Decatur Project (IBDP) site. Two Mt. Simon

Uncertainty analysis is a key element of sound techno-economic analysis (TEA) of CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies and systems, and in the communication of TEA results. Many CCS technologies are relatively novel, with only few large-scale projects constructed and in operation to date. Therefore, uncertainties in technology performance and costs are often substantial, making it imperative that

This paper explores the potential of achieving negative emissions in steelmaking by introducing bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) in multiple steelmaking routes, including blast furnace and HIsarna smelt reduction, and Midrex and ULCORED direct reduction. Process modelling and life cycle assessment were used to estimate CO2 balances for 45 cases. Without bioenergy or CCS, the estimated

We present constant-flow experiments of high-pressure CO2-saturated fluid through fracture channels in Portland cement with three different fracture geometries and with three different flow rates. The experiments were conducted in etched cement wafers within a microfluidics device. The evolution of pH was observed optically using phenolphthalein dye and changes in channel volume due to dissolution

This work aims to shed light on the yet unanswered question regarding the limited carbonation yield of activated lizardite via direct carbonation. Two amorphous Mg-rich silicate phases were identified upon activation. A rapid and complete carbonation of a highly reactive amorphous silicate phase was observed under moderately low pressure and temperature conditions (50−120 °C, 6 bar). Carbonation of

Recent studies have reported methane (CH4) emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells across the United States and the United Kingdom. These emissions can reach hundreds of kg CH4 per year per well and are important to include in greenhouse gas emission inventories and mitigation strategies. Emission estimates are generally based on single, short-term measurements that assume constant emission rates

Inferring CO2 saturation from seismic data is important when seismic methods are applied at CO2 sequestration sites for verification and accounting purposes, such as verifying the total injected CO2 volume, comparing with model predictions for concordance evaluation, tracking the migration of CO2 plume, and detecting possible leakage from the storage reservoir. In this work, we infer CO2 saturation

A large percentage of CO2 emissions are due to the combustion of fossil fuels for electricity generation. While a transition away from coal towards natural gas will reduce CO2 emissions, an even greater reduction in CO2 emissions can be achieved by retrofitting natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) plants with post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) systems. A typical NGCC plant equipped with PCC was modeled

The expansion of China's coal-fired power industry is facing enormous pressure to reduce carbon emissions in the context of global decarbonization. Existing national-level carbon accounting is insufficient to support developing carbon reduction policies and measures tailored for specific locations. In this study, we conducted a spatially high-resolution analysis to estimate life-cycle carbon emissions

The removal of nitrogen oxides under a high pressure has been widely accepted as an effective method for the treatment of oxy-fuel combustion flue gas. The high pressure promotes the oxidation of NO to NO2, subsequently removed by water to form nitric acid. However, both the measurement and modeling of nitrogen oxides absorption shows uncertainties. To quantify the nitrogen mass balance, gas-phase

Several potential CO2 storage reservoirs have been found to have insufficient porosity and permeability to support cost effective commercial-scale injection. As a result, the use of hydraulic fracturing to enhance injectivity and storage capacity of CO2 storage reservoirs was explored. Previous modeling studies indicate that fracturing can increase storage capacity by modest to significant amounts

Carbon dioxide storage in deep saline aquifers can potentially reduce the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities with limited environmental impact. To minimize the risks of leakage, it is necessary to monitor the CO2 distribution in the reservoir. Here, we present a stochastic optimization method namely the Ensemble Smoother, to invert time-lapse marine controlled source

The wettability of a formation is defined as the tendency of one fluid to spread on a surface in competition with other fluids which are also in contact with it. However, the impact of temperature on wettability in an aquifer and the modification of relative permeability curves based on the temperature variation in aquifers is not well covered in the literature. This study redresses this dearth of

Basaltic rocks are being considered as a key host for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. This is a function of their global distribution and relative reactivity, resulting in CO2 mineralization. However, the reactivity of mafic minerals allows for reaction and sequestration of other gases associated with point source emissions. Though many mechanisms exist to separate CO2 from flue gas, these can be costly

• A numerical model of a Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) fixed bed reactors network for CH4 combustion is developed and studied in the present paper. The network is based on a parallel arrangement of couples of reactors in series. For every couple, the first reactor is filled with a Cu-based oxygen carrier (OC) while the second one exploits a Ni-based OC. The developed model allows to evaluate the

A controlled-release test at the In-Situ Laboratory Project in Western Australia injected 38 tonnes of gaseous CO2 between 336−342 m depth in a fault zone, and the gas was monitored by a wide range of downhole and surface monitoring technologies. Injection of CO2 at this depth fills the gap between shallow release (<25 m) and storage (>600 m) field trials. The main objectives of the controlled-release

In order to achieve the Paris Agreement target of well below 2-degrees centigrade goal, developed countries have committed to reducing their emissions considerably during the coming decades. In order to achieve the ambitious target of an 80 % CO2 emission reduction in Japan by 2050 (compared to 2013 levels), various energy efficient and low-carbon technologies on the supply and demand sides of the

The FluidBed model in Aspen Plus v10 is applied to simulate Calcium-looping for production of hydrogen-rich product gas from a bubbling fluidized bed carbonator of a dual fluidized bed (DFB) reactor. The predictions are compared with experimental results from a steady-state 20 kWth DFB biomass gasifier performing Ca-looping, fed with tar-free syngas. The effects of key operating parameters such as

This study presents an approach to screen sedimentary basins for their CO2 geological storage potential based on a 3D grid with geological data. The 3D grid-based screening was applied to the Gunsan Basin, offshore Korea, for selecting potential sub-basins. Six sub-basins were recognized and prioritized using a set of quantifiable criteria, reflecting storage capacity, geological risk, and socio-economic

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) would contribute considerably towards climate change mitigation, if it would be implemented on a very large scale; at many storage sites with substantial injection rates. Achieving high injection rates in deep saline aquifers requires a detailed assessment of injectivity performance and evaluation of the processes that alter the permeability of the near-well region

When CO2 is injected into aquifers, CO2 will dissolve into the water phase. CO2 dissolution initiated by diffusion, will increase the density of the water phase and thereby commence the convective flow of CO2. The objective of the presented work was to visually investigate the effects of permeability on the convective mixing of supercritical CO2 with water at realistic reservoir conditions (pressure

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered an effective measure to reduce the anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Oxy-combustion with a theoretical capture rate of 100% is a very promising CCS technology. In order to show the potential of oxy-combustion two highly-efficient power cycles, the NET Power cycle and the Graz Cycle, are thus thermodynamically optimized and compared at full load for firing with

A techno-economic equation-based methodology is developed for optimal design and operation of integrated solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) processes using a rate-based model for the interaction of gas and liquid. The algorithm considers a wide range of techno-economic design and operation parameters such as number of absorber/desorber columns, height of columns, diameter of columns

The present study was aimed at developing a non-aqueous absorbent system that does not form any precipitate/solid upon exposure to CO2. More specifically, the non-aqueous absorbent system must be a homogeneous mixture (single phase) within the whole range of CO2 loading. At the same time, sufficient amine regeneration must occur at a low temperature of 80–90 °C compared to reference non-aqueous monoethanolamine

Great efforts are underway to develop improved absorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture. Regardless of the solvent composition, the absorbent can be represented by a series of sub-models for physicochemical properties. The purpose of this paper is to identify the solvent characteristics that play crucial roles in the total cost of CO2 separation. Aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) was selected as the

Acid gas removal (AGR) is a critical step in the supply chain of natural gas for its safe transmission and clean combustion. Chemical amines are the most commonly employed commercial solvents for the gas cleaning. Due to energy intensive nature of the AGR process, ways to improve process efficiency are vital. This study investigated the removal of acid gases from the associated and non-associated sour

The Rayleigh convection induced by dissolved CO2 in saline aquifers is significant for CO2 permanent storage. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with external forces was established to simulate such the convection in NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions. The simulation was performed in two kinds of conditions, the one was the same concentration of salt, and another was the same concentration

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a promising technology to help greenhouse gas emission mitigation. However, one of the greatest challenges for this technology implementation is the opposition from the population living near the potential sites. Despite the Brazilian geological potential for carbon dioxide injection, research investigating social site characterization or CCS public perception is

Prior to determining the optimal operating parameters for CO2 injection, conditions for both injection wellbore and storage formation should be evaluated; the build-up pressure induced by the CO2 injection could promote fractures in the storage formation, even collapsing the wellbore. In this study, a hybrid optimization methodology, which combined the proxy modeling and multi-objective optimization

Phase change solvents have a great potential to reduce the energy consumption in the CO2 capture process. In this work, a class of novel phase change solvents composed of ionic liquids with some solvents are developed and the performances for capturing CO2 are investigated. Such a class of phase change solvents present very competitive CO2 capture capability, e.g., the CO2 capacity by [TETA]Br-PMDETA-water

CSIRO’s patented CS-Cap process aims at reducing the costs of amine-based post-combustion capture by combining SO2 and CO2 capture using one absorbent in a single absorber column. By avoiding the need for a separate flue gas desulfurization unit, the process offers potential savings for power plants requiring CO2 capture. High-level cost estimates based on lab and pilot data are presented for two amine

CO2-rock wettability is a key factor which determines the fluid dynamics and CO2 geo-storage capacity. However, the full understanding of real reservoir CO2-wettability is yet to be gained. We thus systematically analysed the wettability of CO2/brine/South West Hub sandstones at various pressures (0.1 MPa, 5 MPa, 10 MPa, 15 MPa, and 20 MPa) at 334 K. A new procedure based on organic carbon isotope

Predicting the effectiveness of geological CO2 storage and evaluating the field application of successful CO2 sequestration require a large number of case studies. These case studies that incorporate geologic, petrophysical, and reservoir characteristics can be achieved with an artificial neural network. We created an artificial neural network model for geological CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers

Capture and subsurface storage of CO2 is widely viewed as being a necessary component of any strategy to minimise and control the continued increase in average global temperatures. Existing oil and gas reservoirs can be re-used for carbon storage, providing a substantial fraction of the vast amounts of subsurface storage space that will be required for the implementation of carbon storage at an industrial

Mass transfer performance of a polypropylene hollow-fiber membrane contactor as part of a continuously operated CO2 capture unit with amino acid salt (potassium glycinate) absorbent and vacuum solvent regeneration was studied. The effects of key operating parameters on the absorption mass transfer characteristics were explored. Without vacuum stripping, absorption rate was found to be limited by low

An image-based volumetric equation for estimating the prospective CO2 mass storage resource potential for organic-rich shale formations has been developed using data obtained from advanced image analysis of Bakken Formation shale samples. The equation is a modification of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory’s (NETL’s) volumetric equation methodology for estimating

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) for industrial-scale applications is hindered by challenges of inefficient fuel conversion, auto-thermal operation, and complex system operation. To improve the CLC performance under low temperature, operational strategies were optimized in a 3 kWth CLC plant with the design criterion of a simplified circulation mechanism. The gas conversion efficiency was enhanced

CO2 emission to the atmosphere is the most prominent cause of climate change and a major risk to environmental health. Although several techniques are very promising to reduce the CO2 emission from central emission points, the CO2 absorption by amines remains the most mature and reliable technology. Yet, there is more potential to improve absorption performance by choosing suitable solvents. Thus,

Residual or capillary trapping is one of the key trapping mechanisms for geological storage of CO2. Yet, very few studies so far have attempted to estimate the residual trapping and the related characteristic parameter, residual saturation, in situ. At Heletz, a pilot CO2 injection site in Israel a single-well push-pull experiment to estimate residual gas saturation in situ was carried out during autumn

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a valuable climate-mitigation technology, which offers the potential to cost-effectively reduce the emissions associated with the burning of fossil fuels. However, there is a potential risk of a small portion of the stored CO2 unintentionally migrating from a storage site to a shallow groundwater aquifer which is the final retaining zone for any migrated CO2 before

Uncertainty in the long-term fate of CO2 injected for geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is a significant barrier to the adoption of GCS as a greenhouse-gas emission-mitigation for industry and regulatory agencies alike. We present a modeling study that demonstrates that the uncertainty in forecasts of GCS site performance decreases over time as monitoring data are used to update operational models

Terrestrial enhanced weathering is the spreading of silicate powder on land, and can sequester atmospheric CO2 through carbonation of calcium- and magnesium-rich minerals. When applied to soils, at suitable geochemical conditions, alkaline minerals lead to accumulation of soil inorganic carbon as pedogenic carbonates. Agricultural land covers 37 % of the Earth’s land surface, thus offering a natural

In order to effectively address climate change, academia and industry have paid much attention to the development trend of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). However, there is no mature CCS research trend monitoring system. China is likely to be the largest market for CCS technology in the future, while Canada is the first country to start the research and development of CCS. Existing studies have discussed

The effects of CO2-brine-rock interaction on the physical and macro-mechanical properties of rock have been extensively studied in CO2 sequestration-related research. However, there are few studies focus on mechanochemical effects of the interaction of supercritical CO2 (SC−CO2), water, and rock and its effects on micromechanical properties of sandstone. In this work, we studied the micromechanical

Hybrid techniques, which combine standard separation methods, are being developed in an attempt to overcome some limitations (especially high energy demands) associated with standalone absorptive, adsorptive or membrane processes for CO2 capture from flue gases. The hybrid system developed in our laboratory, which includes a four-column VSA (vacuum swing adsorption) unit followed by a membrane stage

Both known and unmapped plugged and abandoned wells are potential leakage pathways for CO2 from geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) sites. Although many abandoned wells have cement bridge plugs installed to prevent leakage, the seal between the cement and the inner casing wall is subject to failure. In this study, we carried out detailed T2Well simulations of cases of sudden non-Darcy flow of CO2 and

This paper provides a discussion of the experimental results obtained at the amine-based carbon capture pilot plant having the capacity of 200 m3n/h of flue gas, using 30 wt% ethanolamine solution as a solvent. The objective was to prove the superiority of application of advanced amine flow systems as well as of the novel stripper internal heater fulfilling pilot Technology Readiness Level. Standard

In this study, a well-to-wheels life cycle assessment was conducted to determine the environmental impacts from disposing of petroleum coke by converting it into liquid fuel. Specifically, this work is an extension of the life cycle assessment of the petcoke standalone gasification to diesel study which also includes two new pathways for converting petroleum coke and natural gas to Fischer Tropsch

Residual oil zones (ROZs) are increasingly gaining interest as potential reservoirs for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. Here, we present a national- and regional-scale methodology for estimating prospective CO2 storage resources in residual oil zones. This methodology uses a volumetric equation that accounts for CO2 storage as a free phase in pore space and as a dissolved phase in oil and does not assume

Dissolution of CO2 into formation brine could lead to density-driven convective mixing which enhances the transfer rate of free-phase CO2 into saline aquifers and thus plays an important role in efficient and secure long-term geological storage. In practical projects, CO2 is always co-injected with multiple impurities to reduce capture costs or to dispose hazardous species like SO2 and H2S alongside

Global warming represents substantial and severe challenges for human beings today. As one of the most worth ways to slowing the global warming, Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is promising technology receiving more attention. As an important link, CO2 should be safe transportation from capture point to storage point. Pipeline transportation is most economical and more research is required