Two purpose-built monitoring wells monitoring wells at the Cranfield Field Phase III CO2 Storage Project were studied in detail using time-lapse well integrity logging, cased-hole sidewall core sampling, and point pressure testing to study the effect of CO2 on the materials used to construct wells for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects. The wells were constructed using conventional

Monitoring operations at the seafloor above a storage complex area are required to demonstrate that offshore storage of CO2 in the deep subsurface is safe and effective. Within the framework of the STEMM-CCS project, the Goldeneye area was identified as an offshore experimental site for CO2 storage. In this work, the physico-chemical characteristics of the water column at the Goldeneye site were determined

A method for risk assessments of geological carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) projects was created and the results of three risk assessments for potential CCUS projects at depleted oil fields in Ohio are presented. The risk framework described uses the bow-tie method with features, events, and processes (FEPs) to identify and assess risk posed by potential loss of integrity of legacy wells

The dynamics and plume development of injected CO2 dispersion and dissolution through sediments into water column, at the STEMM-CCS field experiment conducted in Goldeneye, are simulated and predicted by a newly developed two-phase flow model based on Navier-Stokes-Darcy equations. In the experiment, CO2 gas was released into shallow marine sediment 3.0 m below the seafloor at 120 m water depth in

Fractures along interfaces between host rock and wellbore cement have long been identified as potential CO2 leakage pathways from subsurface CO2 storage sites. As a consequence, cement alteration due to exposure to CO2 has been studied extensively to assess wellbore integrity. Previous studies have focused on the changes to either chemical or mechanical properties of cement upon exposure to CO2-enriched

Process modelling is invariably the basis for the quantitative design and evaluation of chemical processes in general and CO2-capture processes in particular. Several points need to be resolved in order to establish the validity and accuracy of the model. How good are the underlying data and models? Where are they weak and where are they strong? Which data are most important to develop reliable models

CO2-formation water-rock geochemical reactions can occur, affecting the reservoir physical properties and CO2 trapping forms during the CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) process. In this paper, based on the properties of the reservoir and fluids in a high-temperature oil reservoir, a comprehensive model, including formation water evaporation, dissolution, diffusion of CO2 in water, CO2-water-rock

CO2 geological storage is an effective way of reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The physical characteristics of the reservoir and the feasibility of CO2 flooding were analyzed based on the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) project in Yanchang Oilfield, China. The heterogeneity of the reservoir indicates variation in the shape of the CO2 plume. A CO2 storage monitoring method based

Bio-energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is widely recognised as an important carbon dioxide removal technology. Nevertheless, BECCS has mostly failed to move beyond small-scale demonstration units. One main factor is the energy penalty incurred on power plants. In previous studies, this penalty has been determined to be 37.2 %–48.6 % for the amine capture technology. The aim of this study

Safe offshore Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) includes monitoring of the subseafloor, to identify and assess potential CO2 leaks from the geological reservoir through seal bypass structures. We simulated CO2-leaking through shallow marine sediments of the North Sea, using two gravity core samples from ∼1 and ∼2.1 m below seafloor. Both samples were subjected to brine−CO2 flow-through

Deep CO2 storage reservoirs show a wide range of heterogeneous structures across different scales. Here, we show how high-resolution heterogeneity in both permeability and capillary entry pressure control dissolution and local capillary trapping of supercritical CO2 (ScCO2). Prior works mainly considered homogeneous reservoirs or simplified heterogeneity with horizontal and fixed capillary transition

CO2-foam injection is a promising technology for reducing gas mobility and increasing trapping within the swept region in deep brine aquifers. In this work, a consistent thermodynamic model based on a combination of the Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) for gas components with an activity model for the aqueous phase is implemented to accurately describe the complex phase-behavior of the CO2-brine

For carbon capture and storage (CCS) to be a truly effective option within the efforts being made to mitigate climate change, it must be sustainable. An assessment is therefore required regarding how the deployment of CCS will positively contribute towards the achievement of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This assessment reviews current evidence regarding the interactions between

This paper discusses the possibility to reduce the energy efficiency design index for ships through a post-combustion carbon capture process. The post-combustion carbon capture process, successfully implemented in the electricity generation sector, allows reduction of CO2 emissions of existing units using fossil fuels with relative simplicity. An assessment of implementing an amine-based carbon capture

Biphasic solvents are promising candidates for CO2 capture for low regeneration energy consumption. In this study, a novel phase splitter 1-methylimidazole (1-MI) was proposed for triethylenetetramine (TETA) aqueous solvent. 1-MI was proved to act as a phase splitter to induce the phase separation and as an absorption promoter to enhance the absorption rate. By tuning the concentrations of TETA and

Passive acoustic techniques can be used to identify and quantify underwater gas release at natural sites, or at locations related to anthropogenic activities. There are still significant issues in extracting bubble signals from background noise, particularly for bubble counting and sizing techniques relying on inversion of the time-averaged acoustic spectrum. In this work we propose an adaptive single

Amine-containing facilitated transport membranes (AFTMs) hold great potential in CO2 separation and show remarkable separation performance under the existence of water. Conventional membrane gas separation models that mainly consider the effect of temperature and pressure are less effective for modeling AFTMs. In this study, we present a model that involves variable CO2 permeance in AFTMs concerning

This paper presents the public engagement strategy for the Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) Gundih Pilot Project that is being prepared in Blora District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Interviews and discussions with local key stakeholders indicated that public opinion about the project is influenced by the value the project is perceived to bring to the local population. They recognise

As 41 % of China’s CO2 emission comes from coastal provinces and cities, permanent sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 in offshore sediments is a priority to achieve China’s national goal of net zero by 2060. In this paper we evaluate the potential of CO2 sequestration in the major oil and gas reservoirs in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) bordering the southern provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and

A permanent automated continuous seismic CO2 geosequestration monitoring system for was installed at CO2CRC Otway Project site (Victoria, Australia) in early 2020. The system is composed of five deviated ∼1600 m deep wells equipped with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) acting as seismic receivers and nine seismic orbital vibrators (SOV) as seismic sources. DAS recording is performed continuously

In this study, we investigate formation damage due to acidization and water injection tests into the naturally fractured carbonate Middle Duperow Formation at Kevin Dome, Montana, potentially diminishing the chance of a future successful Geological Carbon Sequestration (GCS) project. Multiple well-test analytical models, correlated with core description and lithology data, are used to determine flow

The Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership has been investigating various reservoir characterization and modeling technologies as part of its commercial-scale implementation of carbon dioxide injection for geologic storage in multiple Silurian carbonate pinnacle reefs in northern Michigan, USA. This paper presents a discussion of the reservoir modeling study that was conducted for history-matching

Passive acoustics has been identified as an important strategy to determine underwater gas flux at natural sites, or at locations related to anthropogenic activities. The ability of an acoustic system to detect, quantify and locate a gas leak is fundamentally controlled by the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the bubble sounds relative to the ambient noise. This work considers the use of beamforming

In a reservoir characterization study of the Hontomín deep saline aquifer, the impact of geological heterogeneities on reservoir storage capacity and the migration of the CO2 plume is explored. This work presents, for the first time, very long-term (up to 200 years) simulations of CO2 injection into the naturally fractured Sopeña Formation, of the lower Jurassic age, at Hontomín. CO2 injection was

Reliable assessment of fault stability is key for safe CO2 storage in a saline aquifer in fault-bounded structures. The Alpha structure located in the Vette fault's footwall in the Smeaheia area, offshore Norway, is one of the potential CO2 storage sites with a fault-bounded three-way closure. Assessing fault stability in the Smeaheia area is challenging because of the uncertainties associated with

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a potential significant mitigation strategy to combat climate change and ocean acidification. The technology is well understood but its current implementation must be scaled up nearly by a hundredfold to become an effective tool that helps meet mitigation targets. Regulations require monitoring and verification at storage sites, and reliable monitoring strategies

The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and tackle climate change has mobilized the whole world towards finding technologies and creating public policies aimed at a decarbonization of different sectors of the economy. Carbon capture and storage/utilization (CCS/CCU) technologies can ease the transition to renewable energy so as to meet the growing energy consumption demand estimated for the next

This study investigates microwave irradiation as an alternative to conventional heating for temperature swing adsorption processes. The performance of microwave and conventional heating during sorbent regeneration was evaluated by measuring CO2 desorption from zeolite 13X at different temperatures. Experimentally, a fixed bed of zeolite 13X was saturated by a 150 sccm flow of 15 % CO2 at room temperature

Stress transfer caused by injection-induced fault reactivation plays a significant role in triggering induced seismicity. This work aims to investigate to which extent the shear slip stress transfer mechanism might have contributed to a 4-month period of heightened microseismicity around one of the horizontal injection wells (KB-502) at the In Salah CO2 storage site. Building upon previous reservoir

The concentration of an aqueous solution of amine affects the solvent regeneration energy requirement in the Post-combustion CO2 Capture (PCC) process. Therefore, this study investigates the performance of the impact of Selective Exhaust Gas Recirculation (S-EGR) under the influence of 40 wt(%) MEA i.e. 10 % above the benchmark Monoethanolamine (MEA) concentration and at 90 % CO2 capture efficiency

Offshore geological carbon storage (GCS) is a rapidly developing technology essential for meeting international climate goals. While the likelihood of leakage from a properly planned geological sequestration site is low, assurance that CO2 stays contained will require robust monitoring programs. While seismic imaging methods are used to monitor the geological reservoir, the ideal method for monitoring

Small-scale deformation bands in Penrith Sandstone are used to assess the extent to which these features can act as effective mini-traps and contribute to secure CO2 geological storage. A comprehensive set of simulation scenarios is applied to one conjugate set of deformation bands and also to clusters of deformation bands, to evaluate the effects of i) deformation band density; ii) the contrast in

In this work, the feasibility of a novel method of cryogenic carbon capture based on carbon dioxide frost deposition onto a cold moving bed is explored. As a gas mixture including CO2 flows through a sufficiently cold packed bed, CO2 is deposited onto the bed material as a frost. As the bed is warmed by the gas stream the frost front advances through the bed. Experimental measurements of the rate of

Pressure and rate data are commonly recorded as part of a basic monitoring program in CCS projects. This paper discusses the application of multiple analytical techniques to interpret pressure and rate transient data from CO2 injection and storage operations. The techniques of interest, i.e., injection-falloff analysis, injectivity/productivity index analysis and pressure pulse arrival time analysis

In a pressurized oxy-combustion (POXY) power plant, it is essential to control the furnace temperature using flue gas recirculation (FGR) as an oxy-combustion environment produces an extremely high temperature in the furnace. However, FGR decreases the plant efficiency as it causes exergy loss in the furnace and increases the power consumption of the FGR booster fan. Therefore, to analyze a POXY plant

Saline aquifers are considered ideal subsurface sinks for large amounts of CO2 storage. It is common to have trace levels of uranium-bearing minerals (naturally occurring radioactive material, NORM) in sandstone saline aquifers and CO2 injection may cause uranium mobilization due to the coupled chemical and physical interactions at mineral-water interfaces. In this study, we developed a TOUGHREACT

We conducted a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of the CO2 injection rate (flow rate: represented by the macroscopic capillary number, Nc) on CO2 saturation (SCO2) and the CO2 distribution in porous, brine-saturated Berea sandstone. We measured two independent geophysical parameters, P-wave velocity (Vp) and electrical resistivity (ρ*), to monitor the two-phase flow. Vp showed clear dependency

This paper revisits the Communication and Engagement Toolkit for CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) projects proposed by Ashworth and colleagues in collaboration with the Global CCS Institute. The paper proposes a new method for understanding the social context where CCS will be deployed based on the toolkit. In practice, the proposed method can be used to harness social data collected on the CCS project

Residual or capillary trapping is an important mechanism of CO2 trapping in underground porous media. Recent experimental investigation has shown that relative permeability and capillary pressure are function of saturation changing direction or hysteresis phenomenon in addition to the saturation and hysteresis leads to irreversible change in relative permeability and capillary pressure curve. In this

Carbon mineral trapping is commonly believed to be insignificant relative to other trapping mechanisms, yet, the role of cm-scale intraformational baffles is rarely considered in reservoir scale assessments. The present study aims to reveal conditions governing carbon mineral trapping and its quantification for a range of rock compositions in intraformational baffles. A series of 2-D multiphase reactive

Amine volatility may be a critical problem with biphasic solvent for CO2 capture such as the blend of 2-(diethylamino)-ethanol (DEEA) and 2-((2-aminoethyl) amino) ethanol (AEEA). The Henry’s law constant (Ham) of DEEA and AEEA in water at 40 and 50 °C was measured using a hot gas FTIR. DEEA is 20–30 times more volatile than monoethanolamine (MEA) while AEEA is nearly non-volatile. At lean loading,

We present a new screening model for predicting injection well pressure buildup and CO2 plume migration for CO2 geologic sequestration projects. The model requires only limited information and is quite accurate when compared to detailed simulation results. Such models can assist project developers during the early days of project planning (e.g., for 45Q related projects), and also help regulators perform

This work is part of the Aquifer CO2-Leak project and aims to understand, quantify and model the environmental impact of a CO2 leak on water quality in the carbonate freshwater aquifer as well as CO2-water-carbonate interactions. The experiment has been performed within an Oligocene carbonate underground quarry located in Saint-Emilion (France). A water charged with dissolved CO2 was injected in the

New analysis of the baseline (pre-injection) seismic data at Sleipner has revealed large-scale, roughly north-trending, channelled ‘fairways’ at a range of stratigraphical levels in the Utsira Sand. The baseline data also reveal localised stratigraphical ‘point discontinuities’ within the reservoir, some of which show evidence of having provided vertical conduits for earlier natural gas flow. The repeat

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key technology to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from industrial processes in a feasible, substantial, and timely manner. For geological CO2 storage to be safe, reliable, and accepted by society, robust strategies for CO2 leakage detection, quantification and management are crucial. The STEMM-CCS (Strategies for Environmental Monitoring of Marine Carbon

The P-Cable technology is an acquisition principle for high-resolution and ultra-high-resolution 3D seismic data. Many 3D seismic datasets have been acquired over the last decade, but the application in time-lapse studies for monitoring of CO2 storage is a new and intriguing topic. High-resolution 3D (HR3D) seismic has the potential to detect and monitor CO2 leakage at carbon capture and storage sites

The importance of carbon capture and storage in mitigating climate change has emerged from the results of techno-economic or integrated assessment modeling, in which scenarios of future energy systems are developed subject to constraints from economic growth and climate change targets. These models rarely include limits imposed by injectivity, ultimate amounts, or the geographic distribution of storage

The presented experimental study focuses on the hydro-mechanical characterisation of a shale caprock (Opalinus Clay) in contact with carbon dioxide. The objective of this paper, consists in the evaluation of the material's sealing capacity in terms of entry-pressure, mechanical behaviour and sensitivity of the transport properties to chemo-mechanical effects induced by gaseous and liquid CO2 injection

Fortum Oslo Varme (FOV) decided (in July 2018) to build a 1:350 scale pilot plant to demonstrate that the selected Shell’s CANSOLV capture technology using solvent DC-103 is suitable for cleaning CO₂ from the exhaust gases of the Klemetsrud (Oslo, Norway) waste to energy (WtE) plant. This paper presents the most important measurement data and results from a pilot plant testing campaign from March to

Design of subsurface CO2 storage sites largely relies on numeric simulation-based predictions of plume extent and progressive immobilization. In most cases, sensitivity analyses are performed with corner-point grid representations of the geo-model and first-order IFD methods using two-point flux approximation (TPFA). Here, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the vertical resolution

Including direct air capture technologies (DAC) in power-to-gas (PtG) approaches offers the opportunity to close the carbon cycle by producing methane on a renewable, carbon neutral basis, while balancing fluctuations associated with an energy supply based on renewable sources. In this respect, various synergies can arise within the integrated process structure, resulting in a strong coupling of process