We propose a quantitative model-based workflow for conformance verification of CO2 storage projects. Bayesian inference is applied to update an ensemble of simulation models that capture prior uncertainty based on mismatches with measured data. Conformance assessments are derived by comparison of updated model predictions with storage permit requirements and confidence criteria. Two examples, one conceptual

We present numerical modelling of long-term CO2 storage in saline aquifers using field dataset in the Sleipner carbon capture and storage project in offshore Norway. A compositional reservoir simulation model was constructed for an entire section of the reservoir whose thickness is approximately 200 m. We used a fine grid system with a thickness of down to 0.2 m to capture thin intraformational mudrock

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) provides a mechanism by which CO2 can be removed from the atmosphere and stored in reservoirs. Regulations and stakeholder assurance require monitoring to show storage is robust. The marine environment is heterogeneous and dynamic, and baselines are extremely variable. Hence, distinguishing anomalous CO2 from natural variability is challenging. Monitoring schemes must

Biomass energy conversion with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) can lead to the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. Calcium looping (CaL) is a promising carbon capture process for existing or greenfield capture-ready biomass-fired plants. This paper investigates the technical and economic performance of BECCS using CaL systems as a retrofit to Brazilian cogeneration plants fuelled with sugarcane

There is about 10 vol% water vapor in coal-fired flue gas, and the existence of water has an effect on the phase separation performance of amine-alcohol two-phase absorbent. The effects of a small amount of water on the phase separation performance and mechanism of TEPA-ethanol-CO2 system in the range of 0.2 ~ 2.3M TEPA concentration were investigated. The influences of amine concentration and water

Understanding the factors influencing the acceptance of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects is key for the projects’ deployment and for accelerating the global mitigation of CO2 emissions. While anticipating the ways in which “places” can potentially affect a technology's deployment is relevant to mitigating social risks, social aspects are often omitted or included late in site selection processes

This paper presents an initial evaluation and concept description of an approach to CO2 storage where the reservoir rocks are volcanic terrains that have been built up from the seafloor and consist of several kilometers of stacked lava, pyroclastic, and volcano-sedimentary rocks, and where CO2 could be injected in large quantities in the supercritical or liquid state. These coastal “Saline Volcanic

After nearly 30 years of research on geological carbon storage, studies providing an in-depth conceptual understanding of mineral trapping processes are still scarce. Based on the reaction front propagation theory, this paper developed a set of concise mathematical models for front propagation and mineral trapping in quasi-2D-advection-diffusion-dispersion-reaction-kinetics systems in the coherent

Capital cost is frequently estimated for new and retrofit carbon capture plants as new concepts for cost reduction emerge. Capital cost during initial cost estimation of chemical plants strongly depends on the installation factor(s) of the methodology employed. How these installation factors respond to the cost of each equipment determines the total plant cost and the type of capital cost (new plant

Injection of CO2 for storage in a geologic formation increases pore pressure and alters in situ stresses. Depending on the orientation of any existing fault and fracture planes, such as critically stressed planes, this stress alteration will modify normal stresses acting on planes and could result in frictional sliding and release stored energy in the form of seismicity. Brine extraction (BE) is a

Carbon capture and storage is key for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and offshore geological formations provide vast CO2 storage potential. Monitoring of sub-seabed CO2 storage sites requires that anomalies signifying a loss of containment be detected, and if attributed to storage, quantified and their impact assessed. However, monitoring at or above the seabed is only useful if one can reliably

Water-lean solvents are solvents for CO2 capture which contain at least one amine and one organic diluent. Carbamate-forming amines in nonaqueous water-lean solvents typically absorb CO2 through the formation of carbamate species. Conversely, tertiary amines in nonaqueous amino-organic mixtures cannot form carbamate nor undergo bicarbonate formation. However, protic organic diluents might take part

Numerical models are a critical tool for forecasting subsurface multiphase flow associated with geologic carbon storage. The uncertainty of model results stems from many factors, including uncertainty in multiphase flow parameters. Specifically, relative permeability and capillary pressure relationships depend on both the rock properties and fluid properties, and the latter may be highly nonlinear

An integrated system of natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) with monoethanolamine-based (MEA-based) CO2 capture was proposed in this study aiming to reduce the efficiency penalty of CO2 mitigation. In the proposed system, three measures were adopted: (1) utilizing absorption heat transformer (AHT) and ejector to recover the waste heat as well as providing suitable steam for solvent regeneration; (2)

A new and improved aerosol model has been developed and tested against experimental data. An e-NRTL equilibrium model for MEA was extended to cover sulphuric acid containing droplets and validated against new eboulliometer data in this work. The droplet model predicts emissions without demister installed in the absorber, within ± 20% and with demister, 30-80% of the measured emissions. The model predicts

According to many prognostic scenarios by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a scaling-up of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) by several orders-of-magnitude is necessary to meet the target of ≤2 °C global warming by 2100 relative to preindustrial levels. Since a large fraction of the predicted CO2 storage capacity lies offshore, there is a pressing need to develop field-tested

Sub-seabed geological CO2 storage is discussed as a climate mitigation strategy, but the impact of any leakage of stored CO2 into the marine environment is not well known. In this study, leakage from a CO2 storage reservoir through near-surface sediments was mimicked for low leakage rates in the North Sea. Field data were combined with laboratory experiments and transport-reaction modelling to estimate

CaO-based carbon capture system is considered to be the promising carbon capture technology. A new 600 MWe coal-fired power plant integrated with carbon capture system was proposed in this work. The technical and economic evaluation of the new power plant had been completed. In addition, the influence of different parameters (Ca/C ratio, carbon capture efficiency, coal and electricity prices) on the

Basalt formations are potentially attractive targets for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) on the basis of favorable CO2-water-rock reactions, which result in permanent CO2 isolation through mineral trapping. Recent pilot-scale experiments in Iceland and Washington state, USA, provide promising results that indicate rapid carbon mineralization occurs within basalt reservoirs. Nevertheless, transitioning

Mineral trapping is pursued as a geological CO2 sequestration (GCS) mechanism because it permanently stores CO2 in solid phases or minerals. However, CO2 mineral-trapping mechanisms are poorly understood due to (1) lack of sufficient field and laboratory data characterizing these complex processes, and (2) challenges to develop site-specific reactive-transport models coupling fluid flow and geochemical

After a 13,000-hour test campaign with aqueous 30 wt% MEA (2-aminoethanol) solvent at the CO2 capture pilot plant at Niederaussem, another long-term test was carried out as part of the ALIGN-CCUS project. This test ran for more than 12,275 hours with aqueous AMP/PZ (2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol/piperazine) solvent, named CESAR1 (3.0 molar AMP (~26.74 wt%) and 1.5 molar PZ (~12.92 wt. %)). A minimum

The objective of this work is to understand and characterize how dissolved CO2 concentrations can influence physicochemical parameters, in particular the electrical conductivity and pH. In previous work, a CO2 injection experiment was carried out directly in a freshwater aquifer within an Oligocene carbonate underground quarry located in Saint-Emilion (Gironde, France). Different parameters emerged

This paper assesses the range of CO2 transport and storage costs and evaluates their impact on economy-wide modeling results of decarbonization pathways. Much analytic work has been dedicated to evaluating the cost and performance of various CO2 capture technologies, but less attention has been paid to evaluating the cost of CO2 transport and storage. Many integrated assessment modeling studies assume

Among Oxygen Carrier Materials (OCM) for Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) using solid and gaseous fuels, copper oxide supported on alumina is one of the most promising systems. This work presents a comprehensive study on redox and chemo-mechanical performance of this material through thermogravimetry analysis, micro fixed bed reactor and a 3 kW circulating fluidized bed reactor. Chemical looping with

The Solid Sorbent Technology (SST) is a breakthrough technology which separates CO2 from flue gas in a continuous Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) fluidized bed process using solid adsorbent. The technology simultaneously delivers > 90% CO2 capture efficiency and > 95% CO2 purity with low to no process related emissions and at lower capture costs compared to state-of-the-art liquid amines technology

A potential risk of injecting CO2 into storage reservoirs with marginal permeability (≲ 10 mD (1 mD = 10−15 m2)) is that commercial injection rates could induce fracturing of the reservoir and/or the caprock. Such fracturing is essentially fluid-driven fracturing in the leakoff-dominated regime. Recent studies suggested that fracturing, if contained within the lower portion of the caprock complex,

A novel concept for online monitoring of nitrosamines, solvent amines and their degradation products in amine absorber emissions to air was demonstrated at the Tiller CO2-lab pilot facility. The monitoring concept is based on SINTEF patent No. PCT/EP2011/073557. The measurement method applies gas sampling by capture of analytes in a condensate stream from a single stage condensate collector unit. An

Injecting supercritical CO2 (scCO2) into brine-filled fracture-dominated reservoirs causes brine displacement and possibly evaporite precipitations that alter the fracture space. Here, we report on isothermal laboratory experiments on scCO2-induced flow-through drying in a naturally fractured granodiorite specimen under effective normal stresses of 5-10 MPa, where two drying regimes are identified

Oilfields are major sites for the implementation of carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and sequestration technology. The Jurong oilfield is located in the Subei Basin, which is an important petroleum exploration region in southern China. This study focused on evaluating the CO2 leakage risks and injection capacities of the exploration wells in the Jurong oilfield. A three-dimensional geological model

Carbon capture and storage technologies are key to remove carbon dioxide emissions from hard-to-decarbonise industries, such as steel, cement and refining sectors. A multi-echelon mixed integer linear programming model is developed for the optimal design of carbon capture and storage supply chains from industrial sources at a European level. The model is based on exact coordinates and comprises all

Capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from atmospheric air has a great potential to reduce the greenhouse effect, which is of significance to the global campaign against climate change. Due to the extremely low concentration of CO2 in the air, the current carbon absorption technology has the problems of high consumption of both electrical energy to lead the airflow and water evaporation. In this study, a

Bleaching patterns along a faulted succession provides new insight into fluid migration pathways controlled by the fault zone and mechanical stratigraphy. In order to investigate this effect, we logged stratigraphic layers in Humbug Flats, Utah, USA both in host rocks and faulted rocks, where a 40 m offset normal fault cuts through the Entrada Sandstone. We measured petrophysical and mechanical properties

Within the framework of the STEMM-CCS project, a controlled CO2 release experiment was conducted under real-life conditions in the Goldeneye complex area, a depleted gas field located in the UK sector of the North Sea. Here, the viability of water column monitoring for the detection of the injected CO2 is evaluated. Real-time pH and pCO2 measurements were taken in the water column during the CO2 release

There have been many studies carried out in the past decade to evaluate the long-term integrity of seals in CO2 storage sites. These seals (caprock and faults) are often dominated by shale and may act as a capillary barrier against the CO2 migration. Thus, geochemical reactions, mineral transformations, surface wettability alteration and reduction of capillary pressure that may take place in a geological

Recently, there has been a renewed focus in the gasification research community on the development of small-scale modular gasifiers that can take advantage of local solid feedstocks, and modular-scale synthesis reactors, which can generate local fuels, chemicals, and fertilizers. To fully realize the benefits of modular-scale systems, however, it is crucial for the cost of the required CO2 capture

Carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage (CGS) is considered as one of the feasible choices for large-scale CO2 emission reduction worldwide, and the primary issue in CGS is how to select areas favorable for storing CO2. The research conducted by Chinese scholars on CO2 geological storage in the Ordos Basin has mainly focused on numerical simulations of CO2 storage, the estimation of the CO2 storage

We describe a geological assessment for the development of a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project in the atmospherically polluted area of Tula de Allende, State of Hidalgo in Central México. This study targets a deep saline reservoir system (Soyatal and El Abra formations of Cretaceous age) by performing the first detailed analysis of the geological structure and petrophysical properties of the

Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in geologic formations is an attractive means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The main processes controlling the migration of CO2 in geological formations are related to convective mixing and geochemical reactions. The effects of heterogeneity on these coupled processes have been widely discussed in the literature. Recently, special attention has been devoted to fractured

The ability to detect and monitor any escape of carbon dioxide (CO2) from sub-seafloor CO2 storage reservoirs is essential for public acceptance of carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a climate change mitigation strategy. Here, we use repeated high-resolution seismic reflection surveys acquired using a chirp profiler mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), to image CO2 gas released into

The onshore Cretaceous Zululand Basin of South Africa was investigated for CO2 storage potential using NZA, ZA, ZB, and ZC boreholes drilled by Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa in the 1960s for hydrocarbon exploration. Basin fill comprises clastic sedimentary rocks, pyroclastic deposits and carbonates of the Makatini, Mzinene and St. Lucia formations. Digital image analyses showed

Developing and deploying commercial-scale carbon dioxide (CO2) storage at a site requires operational strategies to manage pressure and CO2 plume distribution. In the natural gas storage and oil and gas industries, fluid extraction has been successfully implemented as a strategy to manage pressure and control fluid distribution (i.e., hydrocarbon recovery and natural gas storage efficiency, respectively)

Mineralization of freshwater-dissolved gases, such as CO2 and H2S, in subsurface mafic rocks is a successful permanent gas storage strategy. To apply this approach globally, the composition of locally available water must be considered. In this study, reaction path models were run to estimate the rate and extent of gas mineralization reactions during gas-charged freshwater and seawater injection into

The atmospheric corrosion due to pure amines emitted from carbon capture plants was investigated. Amine exposure was found to initially inhibit the corrosion of steel, by its film formation and alkalinity, but reduce corrosion product layers and lead to freezing point depression, which could in turn increase the corrosion. Very high amine doses were observed to dissolve the metal without the establishing

Although CO2 capture by chemical absorption can achieve highly efficient removal of CO2 from flue gas, the energy consumption of absorbent regeneration is high, and the CO2 after desorption need to be compressed, transported and sequestrated. To reduce energy consumption and sequestrate CO2 at low cost, an CO2 desorption process was developed, in which the CO2-rich solutions was regenerated and CO2

Solvent-based absorption/desorption is a promising CO2 capture technology, but its wide industrial implementation is prohibited by the high energetic requirements incurred by conventional amine solvents. Such challenges can be addressed by phase-change solvents that have been shown to enable both lower energy consumption and capture costs. Despite their clear advantages, the limited availability of

We present porosity and free gas estimates and their uncertainties at an active methane venting site in the UK sector of the North Sea. We performed a multi-disciplinary experiment at the Scanner Pockmark area in about 150 m water depth to investigate the physical properties of fluid flow structures within unconsolidated glaciomarine sediments. Here, we focus on the towed controlled source electromagnetic

Two purpose-built monitoring wells monitoring wells at the Cranfield Field Phase III CO2 Storage Project were studied in detail using time-lapse well integrity logging, cased-hole sidewall core sampling, and point pressure testing to study the effect of CO2 on the materials used to construct wells for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects. The wells were constructed using conventional

Monitoring operations at the seafloor above a storage complex area are required to demonstrate that offshore storage of CO2 in the deep subsurface is safe and effective. Within the framework of the STEMM-CCS project, the Goldeneye area was identified as an offshore experimental site for CO2 storage. In this work, the physico-chemical characteristics of the water column at the Goldeneye site were determined

A method for risk assessments of geological carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) projects was created and the results of three risk assessments for potential CCUS projects at depleted oil fields in Ohio are presented. The risk framework described uses the bow-tie method with features, events, and processes (FEPs) to identify and assess risk posed by potential loss of integrity of legacy wells

The dynamics and plume development of injected CO2 dispersion and dissolution through sediments into water column, at the STEMM-CCS field experiment conducted in Goldeneye, are simulated and predicted by a newly developed two-phase flow model based on Navier-Stokes-Darcy equations. In the experiment, CO2 gas was released into shallow marine sediment 3.0 m below the seafloor at 120 m water depth in

Fractures along interfaces between host rock and wellbore cement have long been identified as potential CO2 leakage pathways from subsurface CO2 storage sites. As a consequence, cement alteration due to exposure to CO2 has been studied extensively to assess wellbore integrity. Previous studies have focused on the changes to either chemical or mechanical properties of cement upon exposure to CO2-enriched

Process modelling is invariably the basis for the quantitative design and evaluation of chemical processes in general and CO2-capture processes in particular. Several points need to be resolved in order to establish the validity and accuracy of the model. How good are the underlying data and models? Where are they weak and where are they strong? Which data are most important to develop reliable models

CO2-formation water-rock geochemical reactions can occur, affecting the reservoir physical properties and CO2 trapping forms during the CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) process. In this paper, based on the properties of the reservoir and fluids in a high-temperature oil reservoir, a comprehensive model, including formation water evaporation, dissolution, diffusion of CO2 in water, CO2-water-rock

CO2 geological storage is an effective way of reducing atmospheric CO2 concentration. The physical characteristics of the reservoir and the feasibility of CO2 flooding were analyzed based on the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) project in Yanchang Oilfield, China. The heterogeneity of the reservoir indicates variation in the shape of the CO2 plume. A CO2 storage monitoring method based