Carbonaceous constituents in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are often associated with adverse health effects in humans. Although air filtration technology is widely used for preventing exposure to PM2.5, the trapped PM2.5 still has hazardous property if not treated subsequently. Thus, this study aimed to realise detoxification of PM2.5 with a photocatalytic decomposition of carbonaceous compounds

Waste generation from healthcare facilities now has become a concerning issue as it contain plastic and metals. Medicine wrappers are one of the major portions of healthcare solid waste, which impel intensive solid waste management practice due to fewer possibilities of deriving by-products. However, it can be recycled and used as an electrode material in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). An electrode material

To preparation of ultra-clean gasoline fuel, a new amphiphilic nanocomposite (TBA-SiWMn@PVA) has been successfully synthesized by supporting sandwich-type silicotungstate polyoxometalate ((n-C4H9)4N)7H5Si2W18Mn4O68 (TBA-SiWMn) on polyvinylalcohol (PVA) as an efficient catalyst for catalytic oxidative desulphurization (CODS) of gasoline. The synthesized materials were characterized by means of elemental

Recycling of end-of-life polyamide-based thin film composite (TFC) membranes is gaining interest in academic and industrial contexts. The effects of chlorine exposure on the performance of polyamide membranes result in an increase in membrane permeability, whereas the solute rejection decreases. Therefore, the controlled chemical conversion of old reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has been reported by

Vegetable oils (VOs) can be used as plasticizers or as biodegrading additives for commercial polymers. According to the literature, the use of concentrations higher than 5% of oils added to polymers or their mixtures indicated loss of mechanical properties on the final product. However, VOs can be used as a compatibilizer for the mixture of synthetic polymers with biopolymers (PM) under concentrations

Roughing filters have been successfully employed as a pretreatment method in rural water supply, but few studies have reported the performance of up-flow roughing filters (URFs) packed with ceramic media. In this study, two pilot-scale URFs filled with ceramic media were designed. Filter performance, height profiles and head loss development were fully investigated. The average DOC, UV254 absorbance

Ammonia and Nitrate Bio-removal Over Nitrite (ANBON) is a new biological process, which couples denitratation with Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) to carry out simultaneous removal of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the performance of ANBON process was investigated. The results showed that the optimal HRT was about 0.7 h and the nitrogen

A major constraint in the microalgal technology is the economics involved in cultivation and harvesting. This work is focussed on the optimization of nutrients for cultivation and harvesting using 'Scenedesmus sp'. Response surface methodology (RSM) using 'Face centered central composite design' (FCCD) available in Design expert 10.0.4 was used to develop the regression model for optimization of nutrients

Sorption and degradation are considered two primary modes of pollutant removal by microorganisms, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been shown to play an important role in these biological processes. However, their role in removing refractory organic pollutants the effects of intracellular substances in microorganisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated both the removal mechanism

After designing and constructing an electrochemical reactor with concentric electrodes and tangential feed (RECT), it is necessary to characterize it and to study its performance. The experimental study of the residence time distribution (RTD) was conducted for flow rates of 2.78 × 10-6 m3 s-1, 8.33 × 10-6 m3 s-1 and 13.9 × 10-6 m3 s-1. According to the values obtained from the Pe number (0.67-1.52)

Bioaugmentation in the acid-phase of a two-phase anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating primary sludge was investigated as a means for targeting and improving hydrolysis and acetogenesis. Bioaugmentation was carried out using a proprietary bioculture blend containing a mixture of hydrolytic, acidogenic, and acetogenic microorganisms. This mixture was added on its own and in combination with

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential application of agricultural waste coconut (Cocos nucifera) fibre in its purified form for decolorization of dye-containing effluent from a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted by varying adsorbent dose, solution pH, contact time and temperature. The results showed that the adsorption percentage of colour

Many water and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are fitted with a UV system that provides post treatment disinfection before the water is released to receiving water. This paper presents a study on expected removal for the pharmaceutical venlafaxine (VEN) in a typical UV unit at a municipal WWTP with analysis of removal rates of an advanced oxidation process using UV irradiation with injection of

In the present study, the use of the rice husk biomass as an alternative biosorbent for treating the estrone, 17 β-estradiol, and estriol hormones in monocomponent and multicomponent systems was investigated. The high-performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC-UV) was applied in order to quantify the hormones, validating this method according to ANVISA and INMETRO. The biosorbent presented functional

Copper smelter flue dust is a residue, rich in zinc, originating from the pyrometallurgical process of copper, and constitutes a potential raw material for zinc production. In order to valorise this waste by hydrometallurgical processes, its leaching with sulphuric acid at constant pH is studied. Experimental conditions (temperature, pH, and pulp density) are optimised by design of experiments in order

In this study, cattail (Typha latifolia) was used to remove Na+ and Cl- from polluted soil (PS) in a solid waste open dumping site. Hydroponic system was also evaluated to remove Na+ and Cl- from landfill leachate. The results indicated that the cattail grown in PS had higher biomass yield of 44.4 ± 3.29 g compared to that of control (35.3 ± 4.28 g). Nitrogen and phosphorous contents of cattails grown

Serratia sp. strain SU.ISM.1 was isolated from Noamundi iron ore mines for the first time and was observed for hexavalent chromium reduction, and growth kinetics modelling was applied for bacterial chromium reduction. For 4-8 ppm of hexavalent chromium concentration, complete reduction was observed within 36 h when the selected isolate was applied, and for 12-20 ppm chromium concentration, complete

Graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials are used extensively in a wide range of commercial applications. With GO production growing rapidly, it is expected that GO eventually could reach sensitive environmental systems, including subsurface formations, where montmorillonite, one of the most common minerals, is in abundance. This study examines the interaction of GO with quartz sand and montmorillonite (MMT)

This study evaluated the removal of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), coated with different stabilizers, from aqueous media using the electrocoagulation technique. The AgNPs dispersions were synthesized by chemical reduction with silver nitrate as precursor, sodium borohydride as reducing agent and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as stabilizers

The present research work is aimed at providing an economically feasible solution for the farmers to exploit the mixed organic wastes (MOW) as resources for the generation of biogas based electrical power and utilize the same for irrigation purpose to reduce the dependence on electricity board. A full scale biomethanation plant has been installed based on anaerobic gas lift reactor (AGR) technology

One of the main analytical variable to indicate the evolution and the phases of the composting process is temperature, whose constant monitoring is fundamental for decision making. However, studies usually perform collection of temperature data with a daily frequency due to the operational difficulty in obtaining this information from manually collected samples. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine

The red microalga Porphyridium cruentum is exploited industrially for its exopolysaccharides (EPS) and pigments production. EPS produced by P. cruentum are partially released and dissolved into the surrounding environment, they can be recovered from the culture medium after removing the cells. This paper presents a parametric study of the ultrafiltration of EPS solutions on organic membrane. The EPS

The removal of fluoride is essential for water contaminated with fluoride before being utilized since the unsafe concentration of fluoride with respect to the permissible limits. In the present study, there are 61 bacterial strains belonging to fluoride tolerance were isolated from the contaminated soil of Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India and they were evaluated for different characterization

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ashes are hazardous waste since they contain organic pollutants, heavy metals and an important amount of various soluble salts. However their chemical composition is interesting for their valorization in cement production. The objective of this paper is to assess the possibility of MSWI fly ashes reuse as cement raw meal, after pre-treatment, at a laboratory

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and then modified with Au to produce an effective adsorbent (Fe3O4/Au) for aqueous Hg(II) in contaminated water. Rietveld refinement on the XRD pattern confirmed that the Fe3O4/Au was synthesised. Mössbauer spectra exhibited broad and asymmetric resonance lines with two sextets which can be assigned to tetrahedral Fe3+; and octahedral

ABSTRACTMoving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process is an ideal preference for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) attributing to the longer sludge age and aerobic/anoxic microenvironment along biofilm. However, conventional carriers generally exhibit negative charge and surface hydrophobicity, which are unbeneficial for biofilm formation. In this study, novel surface-modified carriers

A prototype pilot plant testing for a novel complete treatment strategy for landfill leachate aimed to decrease its environmental impact was studied. Pre-treatment of leachate was performed by means of a membrane biore-actor (MBR) decreasing inorganic carbon concentration by 92 ± 8% and achieving N removals of 85%. Suspended solids removal in the MBR >99.9% conditioned leachate for the next membrane

This paper demonstrates modelling of the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process with the pseudo-analytical solutions (PAS) of a biofilm model. A MATLAB programmed graphical user interface platform was developed to facilitate the model calculation and access. Model calibration and validation were carried out through using experimental data collected from a granular sludge sequencing batch reactor operation

UV-C and UV-C/peroxydisulfate (PS) treatments of 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP), a model industrial pollutant, were comparatively investigated in two different water matrices namely distilled water (DW) and simulated treated urban wastewater (SWW). The treatment performance of the selected treatment processes was comprehensively examined by following changes in 3,5-DCP, dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) plays an important role in many chemical processes and in soil organic matter accumulation. Large amounts of WEOM can be released by green manure when being incorporated into soil. However, the characteristics of WEOM extracted from different green manures (GMs) are unclear. In this study, WEOM samples were extracted from Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus

Four household slow sand filters were made out of PVC and operated in continuous and intermittent flows, with and without using a float to control the maximum level of water inside the units. The efficiency was evaluated as a function of Escherichia coli reduction and turbidity in water from the study prepared with kaolinite and E. coli suspension. The correlation of the efficiencies with the following

Biomass-based carbon was modified and used as an efficient bisphenol A (BPA) sorbent. The simple and environmentally friendly modification method produced sorbent with a capacity of 41.5 mg/g. The raw material was modified with FeCl3 (Fe-CR), treated with hydrochloric acid (H-CR) or modified with CaCl2 (Ca-CR). Batch sorption experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of the initial pH, sorbent

Most of South America lacks studies on rainwater composition. The present study evaluates rainwater composition and bulk deposition inside Barcarena power station, located at the mouth of the Tocantins River with Amazon River in Brazil. In 2012, 24-h rainwater samples were collected inside the ELETRONORTE power plant (n = 93), and pH, EC, cations and anions were analyzed. In order of abundance, the

Wheat straw and animal wastes are important feedstock for biogas production in Europe. Yet, the high content of lignocellulosic and refractory materials causes the process to be relatively slow. Therefore, pretreatment methods have been proposed to shorten the hydrolysis phase. The present study examined the effectiveness of alkali pre-treatment (AP), ultrasonic pre-treatment (UP), and alkali-ultrasonic

The goal of this study was to establish a system for co-culturing microalgae and crop plants with biogas digestate. We examined growth performances of E. gracilis and L. sativa co-cultured using a commercial liquid fertilizer designed for soilless culture supplemented with vitamins and ammonium. This solution simulated the filtrate of nitrified biogas digestate derived from the organic fraction of

The wide application of fullerene C60 nanoparticles would inevitably lead to their release into the environment. In order to evaluate the environment risks of C60 and the subsequent effects on ecosystem health, a reliable quantitative methodology of C60 should be established. In this study, a rapid pretreatment method called low-density solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME)

In this research, we are reporting the treatment of tequila vinasse by a coagulation-flocculation process coupled with heterogeneous photocatalysis using two types of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, i.e. (1) commercial nanoparticles, and (2) nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel. The efficiency in the elimination of phenol, which is one of the most harmful contaminants in tequila vinasse, was also included

A sequencing batch biofilm reactor under intermittent micro-aerobic or anaerobic conditions was investigated to remove pyridine at various concentrations from synthetic wastewater. The results showed that over 98% of pyridine (influent concentration ≤200 mg L-1) was degraded under intermittent micro-aerobic condition, while about 21% of pyridine was removed under anaerobic condition. Additionally,

Cocoa bean skin is a waste of chocolate industries that mostly contains hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. This material shows to be a promising feedstock for the production of liquid smoke and charcoal. The study was aimed to analyse the influence of temperature and heating rate of cocoa bean skin pyrolysis to the production of liquid smoke. Optimization of pyrolysis process variables, i.e. by

In Beijing, particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere, especially PM2.5 and PM10, have attracted public attention because of its adverse effects. A series of studies have investigated the sources and spatial-temporal variation of PM. Wetland has been reported to own the capacity of resolving air problem. To examine the characteristics of the particulate matter in wetlands, the diurnal variation of

Phenol removal from environmental solutions has attracted much attention due to phenol's high toxicity, even at low concentrations. This study aims to reveal the phenol biodegradation capacity of Scenedesmus regularis. Batch system parameters (pH, amount of algal cell, phenol concentration) on biodegradation were examined. After 24 h of treatment, 92.16, 94.50, 96.20, 80.53, 65.32, 52 and 40% of phenol

TiO2-PILCs and iron-doped TiO2-PILCs were employed in order to destroy toxic microcystin-LR in the presence of H2O2 under the UV light. While less than 5% of the initial microcystin-LR and TOC disappeared in 240 min with the TiO2-PILCs, almost complete conversion of microcystin-LR could be achieved in 180 min on the 10 wt% iron-doped TiO2-PILC-A. On the exterior surface of the iron-doped TiO2-PILCs

Biosorption is an emerging technology for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater by natural or modified biomass. In this study, we proposed a novel protocol for making full use of seaweeds. Brown seaweed Sargassum carpophyllum residue (SCR) and green seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera residue (CLR) were obtained after extraction of the bioactive polysaccharides. The obtained residues were

The present investigation is focused on development of aerobic biofilm on tire derived rubber (TDR) media and then evaluation of such system for bioremediation of Methylene blue (MB) dye for 9 weeks. After 9 weeks of operation, the COD, BOD, ammonia and color values have been declined by 89.2, 98.3, 99.61 and 99.81% respectively, While SEM-EDX results showed a variance in weight percent of various

Bioflocculant producing bacteria were isolated from various water reservoirs and sediments of water treatment plant. Four promising strains were identified by standard biochemical methods and 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Bioflocculants were produced in batch bioreactor of 3L under optimized conditions. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to

Grapes are one the world's leading fruit crops, with close to 77 million tonnes harvested per year. Grapes are commonly used to produce wine; a process which generates different wastes such as grape mark waste (skins, seeds and stalks), lees and other residues. This study evaluates the treatment of winery waste derived from ecological cultivation by anaerobic digestion to produce energy in the form

The objective of this research was to study a novel ozone-air flotation microalgae harvesting method and evaluate its effect on the recovery of biomass and biocomponents (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins). Best processing conditions were established using a response surface methodology (RSM). Microalgae separation and biocomponent recovery were evaluated according to changes in gas concentration (13

Pyrene exerts toxic effects on methanogens during anaerobic digestion of sludge, thus affecting the efficiency of sludge treatment. This study evaluated the facilitated direct interspecific electron transfer (DIET) between bacteria and methanogens when bio-nano FeS or magnetic carbon is added into anaerobic reactors. Results showed that adding 200 mg/L bio-nano FeS or magnetic carbon clearly reduced

It is a challenging environmental issue to develop a cost-efficient approach for the removal of low-concentration refractory organics in industrial wastewater. In this study, the Fenton-coagulation process was utilised to remove the organics from the industrial effluent. The operational conditions of the Fenton-coagulation process were optimised, and then, the molecular weight (MW) and resin fraction

There has been an increase in the discovery and usage of sensors for the detection of chemical compounds in the field of analytical chemistry since the last several years. This has led to progressive research in nanotechnology for developing efficient nanomaterials for bio-chemical sensing applications. Thereby, a deft synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) under microwave irradiation was achieved

The effects of three side stream phosphorous recovery volume on the performance and microbial structure of biological phosphorous removal system were investigated. Results showed that the removal of COD and nitrogen had no significant impacts by side stream operation, but the removal of phosphorous were gradually enhanced with the increase of side stream volume (SSV). The secretion of extracellular

Mature landfill leachate usually contains high levels of both recalcitrant organic matters and nitrogen compounds, which are hard to be removed simultaneously. In view of the difficulty, this study explored an innovative alternative that treated organic matters and nitrogen compounds separately by combining ferric trichloride (FTC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) coagulation with activated coke adsorption

As classical traffic noise prediction models lack a deeper consideration of the impact of the gradient, the characteristics of longitudinal gradients from multiple roads were collected as data in the mountain city of Chongqing county, which was chosen as the entry point, to study the noise characteristics for a wide range of road gradients and to build a traffic noise prediction model based on artificial

Advanced oxidation processes have gained colossal attention owing to the prospect of accessible mineralization, but by-product formation and its toxicity evaluation are still inconclusive. The present study demonstrated the performance of electrochemical oxidation process supported with graphite electrodes for the oxidation of phenol from modulated coke oven wastewater. The results suggested that the

This paper investigates the fate of natural organic matter (NOM) during the full-scale drinking water treatment plant supplied by Danube river bank filtration. After the recent reconstruction of the plant, special attention was devoted to the effects of ozone dose and granulated activated carbon (GAC) filtration on the formation and behaviour of oxidation by-products (carbonyl compounds and bromate)

Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (SCR) with loaded urea is a method for removing NO under oxygen-rich and low-temperature conditions, which can solve the inhibitory effect of oxygen on the catalyst and the slip of ammonia. In present study, a series of activated carbon (wo-AC, co-AC, cs-AC and nu-AC) supported metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn) oxide catalysts with loading urea were prepared

This paper outlines the development of a novel, low-cost, hybrid material from chitosan-methyl esterified sericite-tannin. The adsorbent material is then successfully utilized for the efficient removal of lake nutrients and harmful algae. In a FT-IR analysis, peaks related to -OH stretching, carbonyl and carboxylic groups, and CH stretching were newly created or expanded, and microcapsules were found

Two kinds of clinoptilolite-rich tuffs from the state of Sonora (Mexico), previously treated with NaCl solution and then modified with thiourea, were investigated to remove Cd2+ from aqueous solution in a fixed-bed column system. Experiments were conducted with a 30 mg L-1 Cd2+ solution at a pH value of 5 and three-bed heights of sodium- and thiourea-modified clinoptilolite-rich tuffs. The experimental

One of the methods of sludge disposal in cities is its use as an amendment in adjoining agricultural soil. Contaminants in sludge can, however, nullify the benefits. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants, if present, can pose health risks by virtue of their carcinogenic potential and persistence in soil. The present study deals with profile analysis of

This research uses tap water to absorb carbon dioxide from mixed gas (N2 and CO2) in an absorption apparatus coupled with a water-film-forming-unit (WFFU). The objective is to assess the benefits of using a WFFU to enhance CO2 removal efficiency at low pressure conditions. Based on our results, the WFFU significantly improves CO2 capture at 0.30 MPa in a water absorption system with two WFFUs. The