Tiger Toilets use a worm-based ecosystem to degrade human waste and have recently been demonstrated as a cost-effective innovation in on-site sanitation. The benefits over traditional pit latrines include slower fill rate, fewer odours, and safer emptying. However, a question remains around how to measure the rate of accumulation of vermi-compost and predict the fill rate into the future. In this study

The porous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Al2O3 composite by supporting activated alumina on the cross-linked network of PVA has been successfully prepared and its property for the removal of phosphate in aqueous solution was also evaluated. The structure of the PVA/Al2O3 was examined by scanning electron microscopy. It showed that the activated alumina particles with average size of 1 μm were evenly dispersed

The evaluation of the contribution of consumption-based carbon (CBCO2) emissions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is crucially important for the design of sustainable environmental policies. Despite its importance, attention to the discussion of the role of environment-related technologies (ERT) in abating CBCO2 emission is limited. The role of ERT and renewable energy in reducing carbon emissions

Hydrogel material is considered to be one of the effective adsorbents widely used to remove organic pollutants. However, the poor mechanical properties of some hydrogels limit their applications. Herein, we prepared composite hydrogels, for which acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) were cross-linked and polymerized as the main substrate with adsorption function, while CdS nanoparticles were mainly

The present work focuses on the synthesis of a proton exchange membrane to be assembled in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) for simultaneous bioelectricity production and domestic wastewater treatment. The indigenous membrane was prepared by ionizing irradiation-induced graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and vinyl acetate (VAc) onto low density polyethylene and subsequently, the prepared

(2020). Environmental technology for the sustainable development goals (SDGs) Environmental Technology: Vol. 41, No. 17, pp. 2155-2156.

Inhalation of bioaerosols has been linked to many health problems. Filter media impregnated with antimicrobial material can provide effective removal and inactivation of bioaerosols. In this study, fibres were spun on a substrate by centrifugal spinning, obtaining filter media denoted 5THY and THY. Thyme essential oil was used as an antimicrobial agent. For 5THY, the thyme essential oil was added to

In this work, we synthesized self-regenerative biosorbent BM-H3PO4-(CuO) by combining the photocatalyst CuO and acid pre-treated biomass (BM-H3PO4), the hybrid material BM-H3PO4-(CuO) was used for the removal of azo dye Direct Red 89 (DR-89). The morphology, texture phase, composition of the samples was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,

UV/persulfate (UV/PS) technologies have gained increased attention as efficient alternatives for removing pollutants from different classes, although processes based on the UVA-driven S2O8 2− (PS) activation have not yet been discussed in the literature for the removal of the nonionic surfactant nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPEO). The present study investigated the simultaneous effect of the initial

Partial water exchange is one of the most common conventional methods used to maintain water quality and aesthetic beauty in recirculating aquarium systems (RASs). However, this method uses substantial amount of water. The ozone-down-flow hanging sponge-up-flow sludge blanket (ozone-DHS-USB) system attempts to be a more responsible method for aquarium maintenance. It eliminates the necessity for water

The novelty of the presented research is the determination of the nitrogen and phosphorus fraction in the liquid fraction of digestate from agricultural biogas plants. This information is important because it can help in proposing possible further liquid fraction management or developing of new technologies for their purification. The research covered digestates from agricultural biogas plants, obtained

The purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of the coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide in the simultaneous denitrification and desulfurization process. The coupled hydrion with biology polysulfide, uncoupled hydrion with biology polysulfide and no polysulfide experiments were performed in wastewater with two kinds of sulfide loads (100 and 200 mg/L). When the concentration of thiosulfate

Persulfate (PS) oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4CP) are mostly catalyzed by relatively expensive metal substrates. In this study, we investigated the influence of nitrogen-doped and non-doped mesoporous carbon materials (NCMK-3 and CMK-3) during persulfate (PS) oxidation of 4CP in water. Batch experiments were conducted such that PS was added to simulated contaminant mixture after 1 hr agitation with

The mixed chelators (MC) of N, N-bis(carboxymethyl) glutamic acid (GLDA) and citric acid (CA), which were biodegradable chelating ligand, were employed to remove heavy metals from sewage sludge. The extraction of Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cr from sludge was studied under different experimental conditions. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of heavy metals from the both sludges were the highest

Dairy operations generate large volumes of polluted wastewater that require treatment prior to discharge. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) is a widely utilized wastewater treatment strategy; but it requires the use of non-biodegradable coagulants that can lead to toxic-byproducts. In this study, chitin from shrimp shell waste is extracted and converted into chitosan. Chitosan was demonstrated

The objective of this paper was to propose a deepened analyze of a microfiltration membrane fouling by two biomolecules: a protein (Bovine Serum Albumin) and a peptide (Glutathione). In addition to an analysis of flux decline, the mass of biomolecules accumulated on the membrane during filtration was quantified and compared to adsorption experiments, using Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy in

The capacity of three inocula (sewer biofilm, mangrove and estuary sediment) to utilize typical fermentation products of municipal solid waste for biological sulfate reduction was investigated. Each inoculum was used in two reactors, one fed a mixture of volatile fatty acids and another fed glucose, to provide a suite of fermentation products via the naturally occurring fermentation. Following 228

Efficient and cost-effective method to destroy complex dyes is warranted to combat increasing water pollution. In the present study, homogeneous photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of Reactive Black 5(RB5) dye was studied using ferric ions (Fe+3) under visible light (VL) irradiation and sunlight (SL). In the presence of 5 mM ferric ions and at pH 2.6, more than80% of initial 20 mg/L RB5 was decolourized

In this paper, the influence of selected amides on the adsorption of p-nitrophenol was investigated. Commercial granulated activated carbon DARCO was used as an adsorbent. Granulations of 20–40 and 12–20 mps were used in the experiments. The presence of N-benzylbenzamide and N-methylbenzamide in the system lowered the adsorption capacity of p-nitrophenol, while N-methylpropionamide did not show influence

Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) can be used in wastewater treatment to simultaneously remove pollutants and produce valuable biomass. In this study, PSB were used to treat lactic acid wastewater and produce high value substances (protein, carotenoid, and bacteriochlorophyll). The results showed that the PSB biomass increase, COD and NH4 +-N removal reached 55%, 89% and 94% in 5 d, respectively. The protein

Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) can be used in wastewater treatment to simultaneously remove pollutants and produce valuable biomass. In this study, PSB were used to treat lactic acid wastewater and produce high value substances (protein, carotenoid, and bacteriochlorophyll). The results showed that the PSB biomass increase, COD and NH4 +-N removal reached 55%, 89% and 94% in 5 d, respectively. The protein

The conversion of renewable resources into value-added products such as bioenergy is one of the growing concerns of bioeconomy strategy. Within this concept, assessing the proper combination of local wastes has major importance. This study set out to assess the feasibility of using spent tea waste as a single and co-substrate on anaerobic digestion and to explore the influence of the amount of microorganisms

Biohydrogen produced from agricultural waste through dark co-fermentation is an increasingly valuable source of renewable energy. Rice straw (RS) and pig manure (PM) are widely available waste products in Asia with complementary levels of carbon and nitrogen that together have a high biohydrogen production potential. However, no research has yet determined the ideal inoculum pretreatment method and

Weed control is a critical factor to ensure productivity and quality for food production. Chemical control is the main method used worldwide, but the demand for healthier food and the farmers’ health and environment concerns have led to an increase in the search for alternative control methods. In this way, the use of biomolecules produced by microorganisms that present phytotoxic activity against

Through the flotation test of pure molybdenite, and analyses of surface tension, XPS spectrum, zeta potential and contact angle, the influence of magnetized water on the flotation efficiency of pure molybdenite and its mechanism was investigated. The results showed that the recovery of coarse fraction was much higher than that of fine fraction, the magnetized water could significantly decrease the

Microbial immobilization is considered as one of the effective denitrification techniques in the treatment of high load wastewater. In this study, the immobilized cells consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were inoculated with Alcaligenes faecalis strain WT14 to treat wastewater with high nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 --N) concentrations. After 48 h of wastewater

Natural clinoptilolite (Clin) was modified with iron oxide using three different methods including precipitation, wet-impregnation and ion-exchange and then the modified adsorbent with highest As(V) removal efficiency was encapsulated into Alginate by a simple cross-linking method to obtain Fe-Clin granules. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the Fe-Clin sorbents were characterized

We reported the preparation of NGO-Fe3O4 by simple hydrothermal-co-precipitation. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was demonstrated that norfloxacin (NOR) could be effectively degraded by the UV/NGO-Fe3O4/PDS system. The degradation efficiency reached 100% within 13 min (the concentration

Exploring an economic and efficient method for simultaneous passivation of As and Cd in soils is of great current significance. In this study, a low-cost composite material, Fe2O3-vermiculite (Fe-V), for effectively passivating As/Cd was synthesized successfully based on hydrophobic aggregation method. The reaction products were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and FTIR, results showed that Fe2O3 was

The objective of the study was to verify whether the method of determining the efficiency of sewage sludge disintegration, i.e. the disintegration degree (DD), can also be used to assess agro-waste disintegration. The following types of agro waste were tested: remains of fruits, sugar beet pulp and sugar beet pulp in the form of pellets. It was shown that DD as used for sewage sludge can also be a

Amino acid cysteine has been used as reducing mediator with the aim of improving dye degradation by homogeneous Fenton processes (Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe3+/H2O2). Through its known Fe3+-reducing activity, this amino acid can enhance the production of reactive oxygen species as HO• (hydroxyl radical) and its pro-oxidant properties have been verified while decolorizing diverse dyes in the present work. Its

Amino acid cysteine has been used as reducing mediator with the aim of improving dye degradation by homogeneous Fenton processes (Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe3+/H2O2). Through its known Fe3+-reducing activity, this amino acid can enhance the production of reactive oxygen species as HO● (hydroxyl radical) and its pro-oxidant properties have been verified while decolorizing diverse dyes in the present work. Its

Giardia and Cryptosporidium are pathogenic protozoa often present in the environment in their infective form(cysts and oocysts). These parasites are very resistant to disinfection, which makes them important target organisms in environmental quality monitoring and sanitation. Viability assessment provides an interpretation of cell inactivation, and it can be evaluated by membrane integrity as well

Glass recycling is a process that faces many obstacles, especially in the closed loop context.Waste glass separation and transportation can become quite expensive,turningglass collection for remanufacture unfeasible. For this reason, it is important that alternative markets for waste glass are sought.This study evaluated crushed recycled glass as tertiary media in subsurface pilot-scale filters for

Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag aggregate, a waste by-product of the steel industry, exhibited a high potential for phosphorus (P) removal and had attracted considerable attention. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of using EAF slag aggregate as an adsorbent for P removal and identify its P removal capacity. A series of batch tests showed that P removal capacity of

In this study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using two species of cyanobacteria, Anabaena variabilis (Kütz) and Spirulina platensis (Gomont) was investigated and evaluated for dye removing capacity. The formation of AgNPs was detected by the change in colour using UV-Vis spectroscopy and further characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier

In industrial electrolytic manganese metal process, the energy consumption closely related to the electrolysis of cathode and anode. The effect of Cl- concentration on electrochemical oscillation at the anode of the electrolytic manganese metal cell was investigated. The results showed that the electrochemical oscillation at the anode was inhibited by Cl-, and the amplitude and frequency of the electrochemical

Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is secreted by many organisms and makes up a significant constituent of natural organic matter in the environment. However, nothing is known about EPS's role in reduction of pollutants by nano-sized zero valent iron (NZVI). This research showed that the degradation kinetics of nitrobenzene (NB) by NZVI with EPS (0.0272±0.006 min-1) were 2.27 times lower than

The high geological background of heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in geochemical anomaly areas in Southwest China and the anthropogenic pollution superposition effect in some typical areas due to mining exploitation have attracted special attention for several decades. The accumulation and migration of Cd in the farmland soil-crop system was worth discussing. In this study, the representative yellow soil

Microbial fuel cells (MFCS) is a promising and expanding technology able to eliminate various pollutants of wastewater while converting its chemical energy into power energy using biocatalysts. The potential application of double-chamber microbial fuel cell (DC-MFC) for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and generated power from wastewater in the different conditions is investigated. DC-MFC is operated

The UV-C light emitting diode (LED) has shown numerous advantages over the traditional UV mercury lamp for water sterilization applications. Multi-chip LED array was used to provide sufficient UV fluence for bacteria inactivation in limited time. According to point light source characteristic of LEDs, arrangement of LEDs in the batch reactor is crucial to optimize the inactivation efficiency. In this

Li-ion batteries (LIB) should be recycled because of the environmental reasons and this type of waste represents an important secondary source of metals. This work aimed to evaluate the recovery of Co and Li from LIBs by hydrometallurgy. The efficiency of three types of leachants was tested: H2SO4 (2 M), fermentation effluent with supplementation of organic acids (lactic, acetic, butyric and propionic

The bacterial cells dwelling within the biofilm usually develop resistance against common disinfectants. In this current study, to improve the effectiveness of photocatalytic treatment, a natural sensitizer in combination with unsupported titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) was used to optimize the absorbance of NPs in the visible region and, to enhance the catalytic activity of the semiconductor

Three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation (3D-ECO) technology is considered as one of the most promising advanced oxidation processes for degrading refractory organic pollutants. However, the preparation of the particle electrodes (PEs) is a key factor for industrial applications. In this study, a new Al2O3-based PE was proposed for 3D-ECO system. The prepared PEs were characterized by scanning electron

Three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation (3D-ECO) technology is considered as one of the most promising advanced oxidation processes for degrading refractory organic pollutants. However, the preparation of the particle electrodes (PEs) is a key factor for industrial applications. In this study, a new Al2O3-based PE was proposed for 3D-ECO system. The prepared PEs were characterized by scanning electron

The results of experimental study on effectiveness of gas-phase total oxidation of toluene towards carbon dioxide and water with the aid of ozone over Co(II)/SiO2 catalyst are presented in this work. The main objective of the work was to determine ozone demand necessary for total mineralization of toluene at the temperature range of 40-100°C chosen to minimize catalyst poisoning by water. Complete

This study reports the comparative removal of an emerging contaminant diclofenac sodium (DCF) by UV-254 nm-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), i.e. UV/S2O8 2-/Fe2+, UV/HSO5 -/Fe2+ and UV/H2O2/Fe2+ processes. The results demonstrated that by applying [DCF]0 = 0.30 mM and [H2O2]0 = [S2O8 2-]0 = [HSO5 -]0 = 3 mM, k app values were 0.082, 0.166, 0.221, 0.485 and 2.014 min-1 for UV-only, UV/Fe2+

In this study, NiFe2O4 and Ag0.1Ni0.95Fe2O4 were successfully prepared by the sol-gel method and applied to catalyze ozone for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) degrading. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. The removal efficiency was compared with different catalyst dosage, pH condition, and initial DBP

Normalizations by TSS or P-PO43- initial concentrations are consistent as they are correlated to the Jar-test performances. Jar-tests results are independent of the wastewater quality variations in terms of TSS and P-PO43- and independent of the WWTP origin of the water. A notable variability in the TSS results indicates that the pollutant's initial load has to be taken into account even with normalizations

This study reports the comparative removal of an emerging contaminant diclofenac sodium (DCF) by UV-254 nm based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), i.e., UV/S2O82–/Fe2+, UV/HSO5–/Fe2+ and UV/H2O2/Fe2+ processes. The results demonstrated that by applying [DCF]0 = 0.30 mM and [H2O2]0 = [S2O82–]0 = [HSO5–]0 = 3mM, kapp values were 0.082, 0.166, 0.221, 0.485 and 2.014 min–1 for UV-only, UV/Fe2+, UV/H2O2/Fe2+

The results of experimental study on effectiveness of gas phase total oxidation of toluene towards carbon dioxide and water with the aid of ozone over Co(II)/ SiO2 catalyst are presented in this work. The main objective of the work was to determine ozone demand necessary for total mineralisation of toluene at the temperature range of 40 -100 °C chosen to minimise catalyst poisoning by water.Completemineralisation

This study investigated the effect of carbon sources (n = 2) on the performance of a microbial community in an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) treating acid mine drainage (AMD). The 1.5 L anaerobic MBBR was operated across a range of hydraulic retention times - HRT's (3-18 days), using different substrates, i.e. brewing wastewater and lactate as sole carbon sources and electron donors

During the cold winter in northern China, the temperature is generally below 8°C, and low water temperature significantly inhibits biological treatment processes, especially the biological denitrification process. To solve this problem, this study proposed an improved two-stage A/O process with built-in submerged biofilm modules. Experimental water was acquired from the Sanbaotun Wastewater Treatment

Anaerobic co-digestion of residual cabbage and cauliflower mixed at a ratio 1:1 (w/w) was investigated in a continuously stirred tank reactor under mesophilic conditions to ensure stability and enhanced methane generation. The experiments, including start-up, inoculum acclimatisation and treatment of the waste mixture, were carried out over a 65-day period. The characterisation results showed that

The increase in the occurrence of the pharmaceuticals in the environmental compartments is becoming emerging concern as it reflects their inefficient treatment in the wastewater treatment plants which are the main sources of these micropollutants. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly prescribed and frequently detected pain medications in wastewater treatment plants

In this study, we constructed a three-chamber microbial fuel cell (TC-MFC) that avoided the adverse effects of H+ diffusion on anode microorganisms in the acidic catholyte and the precipitation of heavy metals in the soil near the cathode side (S4), while also achieving migration of copper from the soil and reduction of Cu2+ in the catholyte. The removal efficiency of acid-soluble Cu from the soil

Most of nitrogen emissions can be ascribed to agro-industrial activities. Since digestate produced by fermentation of agro-industrial residues can be difficult to dispose of due to its high ammonium content, advanced technical- and cost-effective technologies must be developed and applied in order to significantly reduce its impact on the environment. In this study, aerobic granules were successfully

There are several techniques for sizing horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands systems (CWs), and mathematical models have been frequently used for this purpose because they more accurately represent the liquid behavior in these reactors. The P-k-C* model has already been used in the prediction of organic matter removal in CWs, but it has been little explored in the literature. On other hand

The clay soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China is widely distributed and the groundwater table is shallow. In order to accurately analyze the distribution and assess the potentially harmful effects of the pollutants in this region, it's necessary to study the diffusion rate and subsequent concentrations of organic pollutants. Our study area, located in Kunshan in the Jiangsu

Mixturesof fats, oils and grease (FOG) either with dairy manure or with thickened waste secondary sludge (TWSS) were treated using microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW-AOP).For both dairy manure and TWSS mixtures, the maximum increase in soluble COD(SCOD) resulted from the 1:1 mixture by total solids (TS) weight. In the TWSS mixtures, production of volatile fatty acid (VFA) increased with