The process industry operates in high risks and hazardous environments that impose significant risks on workers' lives, assets-loss, and operational environments. Using the digitalized method for analyzing risk in the process operations to identify and evaluate risk emanated in the working environment is considered as a possible way of providing a warning of deviating conditions in the process environment

OCI Nitrogen seeks to gain knowledge of (leading) indicators regarding the process safety performance of their ammonia production process. The current sub-study raises the question whether major hazard accidents in the ammonia production process can be predicted from organizational factors, also called management delivery systems. This paper links organizational factors to accident processes and their

As a kind of environmentally friendly and non-polluting fracturing fluid, the VES-based fracturing fluid is gradually promoted in the field coalbed methane (CBM) stimulation in recent year. However, the fracturing fluid residue trapped in the reservoir may have a potential negative impact on gas flow in CBM reservoirs. In this study, the fracturing fluid based on surfactant was selected to treat the

The exploration of carbonation routine utilizing BOFs, CRW and CO2 has a significant effect on terminated treatment of metallurgical wastes resourceful disposal at a low cost. This paper investigated the collaborative effect of CRW composition on slag carbonation degree and CRW decalcification rate in CO2 sequestration system, furthermore, the effect of reaction time etc. on both were also discussed

Produced sludge in the hot refining stage of zinc oxide ores recovery plants contains huge amount of MnO2. Aspen Plus modeling assembled based on Taguchi experimental design has been utilized to study a new plan for sodium permanganate (NaMnO4) production from an industrial sludge containing MnO2. The optimized results by Taguchi approach has been applied as the initial data for the modeling and sensitivity

Quantitative risk assessment plays an important role in facilitating deepwater drilling safety. This paper proposes an accident causation network method for risk assessment during deepwater drilling. The method involves four basic steps: risk identification, failure scenarios definition, uncertainty evaluation, and accident path calculation. Risk factors regarding different sources such as the operator

Investigation of past accidents has shown that LPG tank accidents cause significant damage to the industry due to the storage of large volumes of flammable materials in them. This study aimed for developing a predictive accident model for dynamic risk assessment of propane storage tanks of the refinery. Hazards and safety barriers were identified using MIMAH methodology. The basis of MIMAH methodology

Latex foam based upholstered furniture has been widely used in our daily lives. Its high fire risk can be reflected by its extremely thin surface layer together with a cellular structure sponge. Therefore, through this study, an experimental study was carried out to address the fire behaviors of typical latex foams, including cotton, hemp, silk, and blending coated latex foam. The thermal properties

The ground force generated by a BLEVE is a hazard that has been seldom studied, even though BLEVE has been source of many research works in the past decades. However, emergency responders have been asking questions the risk and consequences of a BLEVE on a bridge and other critical infrastructures for a while, with no answer so far. Moreover, a tank truck accident in Bologna in August 2018 has shown

The extrusion load on casing in ultra-deep well is uncertain, which limits the application of safety factor method. Therefore, the evaluation method of collapsing safety and reliability on casing during drilling in ultra-deep wells is put forward. Based on the extrusion load model in ultra-deep well considering the diversity of strength parameters of casing and the integrity of formation-cement sheath-casing

Ventilation is an available measure to dilute the released toxic gas and has been widely applied in offshore facilities to mitigate the adverse impact. However, “available” is never the same as “effective”. Up to now, the mitigation performance of ventilation remains a challenging topic that needs to be further studied. To identify the effectiveness of the mitigation, a systematic approach is proposed

The performance of coalescing filter cartridges (of four different specifications) after a 410-day field operation for the high-pressure natural gas purification has been evaluated in this study. Our evaluation of field-tested filter cartridges showed the increase of the filter pressure drop by a factor of 5.28 and the decrease of the filtration efficiency at various degrees, resulting in 50.3% loss

Nanoplastics in the environment and their effect on the ecosystem has aroused wide concern. This study investigated the effect of polystyrene nanoplastics on activated sludge properties, including nutrient removal, dewaterability, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production potential. The results indicated that the nanoplastics inhibited the ammonia oxidation rate and nitrate generation rate during

The explosion load is a significant escalation factor possibly influencing the potential occurrence of domino accidents in chemical plants. It is not economical to install explosion isolation systems (e.g., extinguishing barrier) for all equipment or process units across a chemical plant. Although shutting down all equipment or process unit can prevent an explosion, it may also cause further economic

The two-phase flow evolution, internal pressure, and thermodynamics responses during a BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion) process with water are assessed. Various initial pressures ranging from 1.7 to 5.7 barg, liquid fills load and different pressure relief ways were tested. Results show that after the pneumatic valve was opened, the rise velocity of the bubble increased first, and then

The world suffers from the potable water shortage problem. Solar still is a simple device used to convert the brackish water into a drinkable water. We proposed a new modification in the design of the pyramid solar still to enlarge the exposure area and decrease the depth of the water film as possible. So, four rotating cylinders were incorporated into the basin of the pyramid distiller. Also, three

An Onsite Sewage System (OSS) is a complex system that takes advantage of nature's biological processes to remove harmful pathogens from wastewater and reintroduces clean water back into the natural water cycle. However, the failure of an OSS can contaminate drinking water, surface water and release hazardous pathogen and chemicals creating hazardous conditions within the local environment. This research

Spontaneous combustion (SPONCOM) of coal is well known to be a serious threat to the safety of mineworkers, mining equipment and to the environment. It is also the biggest reason behind the coal mine fires. In this study, the influence of antioxidants on coal properties and SPONCOM liability of coal samples collected from South African coal mines was investigated. These antioxidants minimized SPONCOM

SCR (selective catalytic reduction) denitrification system can effectively reduce NOx emission by controlling ammonia injection. However, the energy structures, load fluctuations, reactor dynamic characteristics and system delay pose great challenges to the precise ammonia injection. To achieve high-precision NOx emissions prediction, a method that combinations dynamic joint mutual information and

Ceramsite made from BOF (basic oxygen furnace) slag was used in column test to deal with aquatic phosphate. The objective of this study was to identify the phosphorus (P) removal mechanisms of slag ceramsite and to evaluate its potential use in efficient phosphorus adsorption filter. The relationships of Ca2+, pH and phosphorus removal, as well as filler regeneration were investigated. Chemical extraction

This study focuses on the mineral carbonation to capture CO2 using an alkaline industrial waste, the grits, formed during the kraft pulp production process. An indirect mineral carbonation route was adopted, composed by two steps: first the extraction of calcium from the grits and second the precipitation of calcium carbonate. Firstly, four solvents were analyzed (HNO3, CH3COOH, NaOH and NH4Cl). Only

Graphene, emerging as one of the most promising class of adsorptive separation carbon material for its high specific surface area and strong surface chemical activity. Biomass especially sustainable biomass as graphene sources shows great potential at large scales under energy shortage era. In this paper, a kind of subtropical macroalgae (Sargassum Horneri, S.H.) was selected as the precursor, and

To meet the requirements for use as an automotive fuel, motor gasoline must be highly flammable and combustible. In addition, because gasoline is highly volatile, in the event of its leakage from a storage tank, a large amount of vapor is rapidly generated from the surface of the gasoline and mixes with the air, forming a flammable gas mixture in the immediate surroundings. If the flammable gas mixture

A gas explosion is often vented to a safe location by means of a discharge duct. However, the presence of a discharge duct increases the explosion severity in the vessel, inducing a higher explosion overpressure compared to a simply vented vessel. To reduce the explosion overpressure in the vessel, an experimental study was performed to suppress the methane-air explosions in a 5 L vessel connected

This work presents a new probabilistic methodology and model to estimate the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) rate. The proposed methodology considers the variability of the corrosion causing parameters, complex interdependencies of the parameters, and updating the corrosion rate in response to evolving conditions. The proposed method is used to develop a fully parameterized Bayesian network

In this work, a new solar still desalination system named vertical rotating wick solar still (VRWSS) was investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed under different operating conditions. The performance of VRWSS was investigated under different wick belt materials (jute and cotton cloth), belt rotational speeds (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 rpm), and rotating directions (clockwise

We developed an innovative tool to support the simulation of gas dispersion from liquefied natural gas pools in presence of obstacles. For the first time, the systematic evaluation of the influence of atmospheric stability conditions and the variation of the source term on congested dispersion scenarios is carried out, coupling integral models and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The atmospheric

An acid-free leaching process for lithium extraction from waste lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) glass-ceramics was investigated. Lithium was extracted by a water leaching process after calcination with CaO or a CaO-CaCl2 mixture. Compared to extraction using only CaO calcination, the addition of CaCl2 to CaO can significantly reduce the Si:Ca mixing ratio as well as the thermal treatment temperature

Heavy metals are pollutants that are naturally produced by human activities. Due to heavy metals' amount and toxicity in aqueous media, they are considered extremely harmful to human life. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective and efficient methods, as a severe challenge for reducing these pollutants to a permissible level. Among the various removal methods, the adsorption process has received

Although utility tunnels act as an innovative technique for the sustainable development of city’s utilities and limited underground space today, the fire issues in this type of tunnel should be carefully treated as they are different from traffic tunnel fire scenarios. In order to propose an easy-to-use two-dimensional (2D) temperature estimation methodology that is helpful to the designers, operators

The rapid growth of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) necessitates development of compatible treatment techniques. In this study, abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting technology was utilized to crush waste PCBs for the first time. Cutting experiments were mainly performed on waste mobile mainboard, random access memory (RAM), universal circuit board (UCB), and central processing unit (CPU). The results

Underground gas extraction from coal formations has triple-effects involving mining safety, low-carbon gas capture and greenhouse gas control. Air leakage around the drainage borehole is a serious problem that continuously affects gas drainage performance. In this study, mine site measurement of gas drainage data is firstly performed in coal mine, and then a mechanism-based model is proposed to theoretically

In the world's competitive industrial market, the development of existing manufacturing equipment’s such as industrial reheating furnaces (IRFs) increases profitability in terms of higher production, higher quality, and better energy efficiency. In this review, recent progress and current status in IRFs technology have been presented. A special focus has been highlighted on the recent applications

The degradation characteristics of oily sludge in the bioreactor were studied by using Euler-multiphase flow method, in which the gas-liquid two-phase and gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow field dynamics model was established. The working characteristics of the conventional bioreactor and the proposed new bioreactor were simulated via FLUENT software respectively, and the distribution of bubble diameter

Complex electronic systems have a structures that can lead to coupling failure mechanisms and difficulties in collecting measured data. These issues increase the difficulty of reliability analysis. Current reliability research methods cannot effectively solve the above problems. In this paper, we propose a new approach that combines a physics of failure (PoF) method and a copula Bayesian network to

To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms of coal mine safety systems, and to improve the level of system safety, this paper introduces a new method of assessing and managing the system safety of coal mines. A multi-agent modeling and simulation method is used to construct a dynamic evolutionary model of a coal mine safety system based on complex adaptive system theory. The NetLogo platform is used

During the operation of chemical equipment, its technical condition, operating modes and operability change. Such phenomena are typical for the main element of chemical equipment - tubular elements, which must have the required strength, ensure the transportation of the working medium and the transfer of heat between the working medium. During the operation of tubular elements the wall thickness decreases

CO2 geo-sequestration in unminable coal seams is one promising method to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and would be a means of cleaner production. At the same time, the injected CO2 can enhance coalbed methane recovery and offsets the economic cost for CO2 transportation and injection. However, this technology is still at its primary stage and so far, no large scale of field CO2 injection has been

Domino effects are typically high-impact low-probability (HILP) accidents, which pose a serious threat to chemical process industries. Previous researches on domino effects in chemical industries focus more on static analysis at the spatial scale. From the perspective of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the accident, this study proposed a model to analyze dynamic evolution process of domino