Chemical additives of magnesium chloride (MaC) and ferrous sulfate (FS) were investigated in sewage sludge composting. A treatment without chemical additive was used as the control group (CK). The effects of MaC and FS on ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O and CH4) emissions were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of MaC and FS promoted the degradation of organic matter and increased

Pipeline network facilitates transportation of hazardous materials over long distances and is considered a relatively safer mode of transportation. However, a significant number of incidents occurred over the last few years that has increased the need for development of an accurate predictive model for incidents. Pipeline incident databases have been collecting a wide range of data regarding the incidents

In this study, thermal characterisation of stoichiometric azodicarbonamide/potassium periodate (C2H4O2N4/KIO4) fuel/oxidizer mixtures were systematically carried out for potential application as non azide non-toxic airbag gas generants. The onset temperature of the mixture was found to be 190 °C. The thermo-kinetic studies of the mixture and pure azodicarbonamide compositions at different heating rates

This study focuses on chemical recycling of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), which constitutes a problematic waste fraction due to the presence of brominated flame retardants. An auger reactor has been designed and used for this study. Real WEEE material provided by Stena Technoworld has been pyrolyzed under different temperature conditions. The performance of the reactor

Mixed plastics from municipal solid waste are usually recycled in suitable Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) following separate collection. These plants allow the sorting of individual plastics with variable performance depending on the technologies adopted. The evaluation of the performance of MRFs is also conducted with different approaches, even in terms of timescales, making the results difficult

The incidence of large-scale fires continues to rise, and the effects of radiation from these fires contributes to their continued spread. Water sprays have been widely used as an effective method to contain thermal radiation from fires. Results from previous studies on the sizes of water droplets in the spray barrier have limitations due to the significant computational time or complex analytical

Due to the presence of refractory organic pollutants and toxicity compounds, the choice of the best alternative for the landfill leachate treatment becomes a challenge. In this study the integration of aerobic membrane bioreactor with nanofiltration (MBR-NF) and hybrid Fenton-microfiltration process also with nanofiltration (FMF-NF) were compared for the treatment of landfill leachate. The roles of

The Treated Patellidae Shells (TPS) packed in a fixed bed column for the removal of emerging contaminant such as bifenthrin provides novel insights into waste valorisation, application of environmentally harmless sorbents and removal of bifenthrin pesticide with extension possibilities for larger applications. The biosorbent was characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, TGA-DTA, pHPZC, and BET analysis

The use of hydrogen enriched fuel blends, e.g. syngas, offers great potential in the decarbonisation of gas turbine technologies by substitution and expansion of the lean operating limit. Studies assessing explosion risks or laminar flame properties of such fuels are common. However, there is a lack of experimental data that quantifies the impact of hydrogen addition on turbulent flame parameters including

Co-pyrolysis of plastic/lignocellulosic biomass mixtures produces an extremely complex assortment of pyrolyzates. In the present work, co-pyrolysis of PVC with cellulose or xylan or milled wood lignin was conducted by employing pyrolysis–two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Py-GC × GC-TOFMS) with the aim of achieving high throughput and comprehensive analysis of the

Degradation of dimethoate (DM), an organophosphorus pesticide, present in aqueous solution considered as simulated wastewater was investigated using different approaches based on hydrodynamic cavitation. Initially, the effect of initial concentration of DM was investigated over the range of 20-75 ppm at a constant condition of 4 bar as inlet pressure. The maximum extent of degradation (25%) was observed

In order to reveal the propagation characteristics and hazards of a gas explosion in urban drainage pipeline, the dynamic evolution of a methane deflagration in a closed water-containing pipeline was numerically simulated based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The interaction mechanism between water oscillation and flame development during the methane deflagration was such revealed. The results

Point-of-use (POU) water filters nowadays are widely used worldwide to get highly purified potable water. In this study, people opinions about household water filters were obtained via well-constructed questionnaire distributed to 1200 participants in the state of Kuwait. Analyses revealed that respondents installed multiple household filtration systems due to the doubts that municipal water could

Mixtures exhibiting maximum flash point behavior (MaxFPB) have the potential to reduce the fire and explosion hazard of liquids, such as waste solvent and liquid fuel. Commercial mixtures generally contain multiple components. However, existing research on MaxFPB is limited mainly to binary mixtures. Accordingly, the present study extends the literature by examining the MaxFPB of three ternary mixtures

The treatment of acid mine wastewater containing Fe(II) and Mn(II) has been a hot topic in a long time. This paper studied the treatment of acid mine wastewater by the electro-Fenton process. First, the effect of key parameters including initial current intensity (50−300 mA), plate spacing (0.5–3.0 cm), and initial pH (3.0–5.0), aeration rate (0−200 mL/min) were studied. Based on these results, the

This work assesses the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on an artificial neural networks (ANN) – genetic algorithm (GA) in the prediction of the behavior and optimization of the treatment of sulfate wastewaters with Bromophenol blue dye using an electro-oxidation (EO) process. Trials were made with a filter press-type reactor with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. The ANN

In this study, an adsorptive ceramic membrane coated by new layer of cage-like mesoporous silica SBA_16 which was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was employed to remove (Cr (VI)) ions from aqueous solution. The morphologies and physiochemical properties of SBA_16 and modified SBA_16 (NH2-SBA_16) adsorbents as well as adsorptive membranes were characterized through thermal gravimetric

In large-scale regional evacuation, public pre-evacuation time estimation is an important link of evacuation analysis and emergency management. This paper redefines the concept of “pre-evacuation time” based on the characteristics of unconventional emergencies. A new prediction model of traffic loading rate for large-scale evacuations based on a real case survey was proposed. The model takes into account

Green synthesis provides new avenues of nanoparticle synthesis using plants. In the present study, we attempted to synthesise ZnO nanoparticles via precipitation using different ratios of ZnO solution to leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus (3:1, 5:1, and 9:1). The modified ZnO was characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The

Bioleaching ability of two acidophiles, viz. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, a gammaproteobacteria, and Acidiphilium acidophilum, an alphaproteobacteria in pure and mixed strains was comparatively evaluated for the recovery of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) of computer at pulp density in the range of 7.5-15 g/L. Results indicated a variation in metal leachability, showing improved

In this work, para-amino benzoate ferroxane nanoparticle (PABFNP) was employed as a key functional nanoparticle to improve the polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration membrane, and PABFNPs blended with PES (PES/PABFNPs) nanofiltration membranes were thus prepared via phase inversion method. PABFNPs may have good compatibility with PES polymer due to intermolecular attractions including hydrogen bonding

The high energy consumption of the microalgae dewatering process results in microalgae being less economically feasible as a new bioenergy material. As an energy-saving method, forward osmosis (FO) filtration can be applied in microalgae dewatering to reduce membrane fouling and energy consumption. In this study, a novel hybrid dead-end/cross-flow FO system was proposed to obtain highly efficient microalgae

The self-heating effect and pressure-blasting potential of a C/LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (NMC) lithium battery were evaluated using adiabatic calorimetry. Such batteries are widely used in electric vehicles. Various states of charge (SoCs) of NMC battery modules connected in series and parallel circuits were examined to investigate the exothermic characteristics and thermal explosion energy under an open-circuit

Adsorption is a cost-efficient and a well-established method to treat a large volume of wastewater. Most of the adsorption studies have been carried out in batch and continuous (packed and fluidized bed column) reactors. In most of the continuous operations, a solid adsorbent is held in batch mode and the liquid phase is continuous. In a counter-current liquid-solid adsorber, both the liquid and solid

With the ambition to cut emissions from transport hydrogen fuelled vehicles and marine vessels are now being introduced several places in the society. To support this development there is a need for infrastructure to produce and transport gaseous and liquid hydrogen. The properties and safety challenges related to the use of hydrogen are very different from those of conventional fuels, thus safe design

In this study, recycling of spent tubular lights comprising about 40 % rare earth (Y, La, Ce, Eu, Tb) elements are explored. In this study, two different processing routes comprising leaching followed by microwave treatment, and vice versa are investigated. Leaching of Eu-Y values followed by microwave treatment of leach residue with sodium hydroxide was found promising for rare earth extraction. Different

The decomposition of many hazardous materials goes through autocatalytic mechanisms. Due to the unpredictably sudden heat evolution companied with the decomposition of these materials, it is of great importance to identify autocatalytic decompositions and treat them with caution. In this work, a kinetic-parameters-free criterion is proposed to determine the autocatalytic decomposition using adiabatic

A novel approach is proposed in this study for degrading aqueous glyphosate (GLYP) efficiently via electro-oxidation (EO) using a novel copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)-dispersed activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrode. Green synthesis of the CuPc-ACF electrode was achieved by electro-sorption process through oxidation-reduction of the Cu species, using cyclic voltammetry, also for the first time. The prepared

Solar energy has become one of the most developed renewable energy sources in recent years. As with any energy source or product, there are health risks associated with the manufacturing of solar cells. And even though the photovoltaic industry uses far lesser amounts of toxic and flammable substances than many other industries, the use of hazardous chemicals can present occupational and environmental

Coal seam mining, especially during roadway driving with narrow coal pillars, can cause air leakage along the gob side and increase the risk of spontaneous coal combustion. To explore the oxygen distribution and spontaneous coal combustion risk zone in an adjacent gob of a fully mechanized mining face, a temperature-programmed experiment, a secondary oxidation experiment, gas monitoring, and numerical

The 100-year global warming potential of methane is 28 times higher than the value of carbon dioxide. Accurate gas content measurement is a precondition of coal mine reconstruction and extension designs for reducing methane emission due to that in these scenarios the stress and gas pressure distributions were unpredictably disturbed by previous mining activities. Longer roadway exposure time induce

Biopurification has been employed to purify PH3 offgas. However, the removal efficiency is not very high owing to the PH3 biotoxicity. In this study, the reactive oxygen scavenger was introduced for the first time to enhance the PH3 biopurification. The process could be divided into two main stages, biosorption and bioconversion. The capacity of PH3 adsorption was 0.062 mg per gram of biomass; however

Kick is a downhole phenomenon which can lead to blowout, and so early detection is important. In addition to early detection, the need to prevent false alarm is also useful in order to minimize wastage of operation time. A major challenge in ensuring early detection is that it increases the chances of false alarm. While several data-driven approaches have been used in the past, there is also ongoing

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) has become a safety topic and has been widely debated. This study investigated the inhibiting effect on CSC by using a series of novel ionic liquids (ILs) as chemical inhibitors. The microstructure and thermokinetic characters were observed and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and synchronous thermal analyser. The results indicated that ILs could

Present research study shows the evacuated tubes coupled with solar still to enhance the yield. Basin area of 1-meter square taken for the experiments and 14 evacuated tubes have been used at a lower side of the still. Calcium stones as sensible heat storage material (SHSM) have also been utilized to enhance the yield in present work. Three modes of experiments have been performed namely conventional

The organic acid rich acidogenic liquid produced from waste sludge anaerobic fermentation was used as a potential feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production, which is a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable PHA production system. To analyze the effect of substrate on monomer composition of PHA, different acidogenic liquid generated from waste sludge fermentation in varied initial

Spontaneous combustion of coal has become an important disaster that threatens the safety of coal mines. FeS2 is the main component of pyrite, which is suspected to be a major contributor to coal spontaneous combustion (CSC). So, it has important significance to FeS2 on the characteristics of coal oxidation for prevention and treatment. This study used coal samples mixed with different proportions

To accurately guide the quantitative injection of carbon dioxide for extinguishing the fire or diluting the accumulated toxic gases, 26 sensing devices used for detecting the multiple environmental parameters were firstly laid inside and outside of 210 m3 large sealed space, then each signal output from the sensing devices was transmitted successively to the A/D conversion module and the server with