Electric arc furnace dust is a waste by-product of electric arc furnaces in steel production. This material is hazardous to the environment due to the presence of metals, such as chromium, lead, and cadmium; in addition to these, there is zinc in its composition. One of the main ways of recovering zinc from the electric arc furnace dust is carried out in rotary kilns called Waelz kilns. This work aims

This paper experimentally examines the performance of solar air heater (SAH) having a newly designed tubular absorber comprising adjacent parallel tubes called tubular SAH (T_SAH) via energy, exergy, and enviroeconomic standpoints. A comparative performance assessment between T_SAH and flat plate solar air heater (F_SAH) at diverse air mass flow rates (MFRs) of 0.075, 0.05, and 0.025 kg/s is performed

The technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM), i.e., 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra in waste petroleum scale, sludge, and produced water in Ma’rib Refinery - Yemen - were measured using spectroscopy with HPGe detector. To determining the radiation hazard of TENORMs in waste petroleum, The radium equivalent activity (Raeq), gamma-ray index (Iγ), external radiation hazard index

The use of Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) diesel synthesised from coal in automobiles can alleviate petroleum shortages and promote clean utilisation of coal. Because F–T diesel does not contain oxygen, in this study, we added TiO2 nanoparticles and n-octanol to the F–T diesel to serve as oxygenated enhancers to increase the oxygen content and reduce the particulate matter emission of F–T diesel. To achieve

Gas and coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) compound disasters have become a common mode of serious accidents in coal mines. This study is aimed at revealing the characteristics of such compound disasters in the gob of Y-type ventilation fully mechanized top coal caving face with a high-level drainage roadway (HLDR) (hereafter referred to as “Y+HLDR” working face) and providing a theoretical basis for

The consumption rise and environmental impact of diesel fuel led to the use of non-edible oils as alternative fuels. Different extraction processes as screw, soxhlet, solvent and hydraulic were investigated to show their effects on the properties and fatty acid composition of the oil from Egyptian jatropha seeds. Screw press extraction was characterized because of its higher oil yield and improved

Hydrocarbon pool fires can cause serious fire accidents. This study focused on the flame-merging behavior and pulsation frequency of annular hydrocarbon pool fires with various inner and outer diameters. Experiments were performed with annular pool fires having outer diameters (D) in the range of 0.15–0.55 m and inner diameters (d) in the range of 0.05–0.45 m. The fuel used was n-heptane. The flame-merging

Impinging jet fire of high exit momentum is frequently reported to induce the domino effect in industry fires. Less literature is available for the flame extension area and temperature distribution over a vertical plate impinged by the horizontal jet flame. Thus, this paper conducts a systematic experiment to reveal the effect of nozzle exit velocity, exit diameter and exit-plate spacing on the horizontally

Offshore drilling is a complex and hazardous operation. The safety of the drilling operation is a strong function of many time-dependent parameters. The traditional risk analysis model fails to capture the impact of spatial and temporal variations of these parameters. This paper presents a Bayesian Network (BN) model for the offshore drilling operation. The model uniquely considers the evolution of

The major functions of the subsea Christmas tree include production management, wellhead pressure control, chemical reagent injection, and oil/gas production safety control. It is necessary to investigate the reliability and safety of the tree for safe and stable operation of subsea production systems. A fault tree and a dynamic Bayesian model are used to assess reliability and safety and to consider

The ability to reuse boron and minimize the volume of radioactive waste could be accomplished with modified reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. RO membranes were fabricated via polyethylenimine (PEI) grafting to separate silicon and radionuclides from boron-containing radioactive wastewater. The positively charged RO membrane promoted more efficient removal of nuclides and silicon while the rejection of

COVID-19 is a new member of the Coronaviridae family that has serious effects on respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological systems. COVID-19 spreads quickly worldwide and affects more than 41.5 million persons (till 23 October 2020). It has a high hazard to the safety and health of people all over the world. COVID-19 has been declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO)

Supplying treated greywater within buildings delivers continuous additional resilience and improvements in water efficiency. This includes the making available (by substitution) of greywater resources suitable for non-potable purposes such as flushing toilets. Thereby, the overall daily consumption of pristine potable water for flushing and other lower quality uses is reduced. The empirical measurement

Gas explosion is one of the fatal accidents in underground coal mine, threatening the lives of miners and causing significant economic losses. Gas explosion characteristics are affected by many factors, including flexible obstacles such as flexible duct systems (DS) and line brattices (LB) in the auxiliary ventilation system. In order to explore the influence of flexible obstacles in the tunnel on

With the wide application of natural gas, in order to increase the sustainability of buried utility tunnel and prevent the explosion of the gas pipeline cabin from threatening process safety, the performance of the partition wall (slab) of the cabin against gas explosion should be investigated. This paper presents the protective effect of unbonded prestressed ultra-high performance reinforced concrete

In this research, an ultrasound assisted CO2 absorption system using different absorbents has been investigated. Ultrasonic atomization technology is one of the efficient methods to increase gas-liquid interfacial area, thereby absorption rate. First of all, the significance of each operational parameter on the absorption rate was investigated by applying the experimental design methodology. The response

The development of bio-based nanocomposites is of extreme significance in the current environmental situation and hence the progression as well as modification of lignin based nanocomposites is gaining potential research interest. Often treated as a wood waste, lignin is generated as an unwanted component during the production of ethanol and paper. Being a biopolymer with cross-linked structure and

Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) poses a serious occupational risk, and represents a frequent cause of incidents, accidents, and fatalities, mostly in confined spaces and laboratories. Besides these working environments, there is a large spectrum of industries that need to manage the asphyxiation risk caused by extensive inert gas uses. In such a context, mathematical models represent a valuable tool

Chemical accidents occur frequently in China owing to inadequate process safety risk management and control in warehouses. Real-time dynamic risk assessment can identify stored process risks and reduce the accident probability. The support vector machine (SVM) is an effective dynamic risk assessment method. To improve the dynamic risk assessment performance of the SVM model, the electrostatic discharge

Solar energy is one of the most promising green energy sources. On-grid photovoltaic installations supply energy to consumers as a support energy source, but in isolated areas, it comes as the unique source. The decision-maker must dimension the installation, maintaining system performance with reasonable investments. In some scenarios, the utility manager can handle the energy delivered to consumers

Despite the widespread process safety management (PSM) implementation among major hazard installations (MHI) in Malaysia, an assessment on current PSM implementation maturity had never been conducted. This study aims to provide such assessment, through the utilisation of PSM elements under the OSHA PSM standard. The study first involved the measurement of PSM implementation achievement grades as well

To analyze the secondary oxidation of the active structures of pulverized coal and reduce risks of coal spontaneous combustion, free radical theory and functional group analysis were combined to study the effects of particle size and oxidation temperature on the active structure of coal molecules. This process was based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR)

We investigated the thermal hazard of triacetone triperoxide (3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexoxonane, TATP) due to the influence of ionic liquid (IL). First, cyclic TATP was purified with a solvent mixed with methanol and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]). Second, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were utilised

Raw material selection is very important in industrial production, and technical, environmentally sustainable and economic criteria must be taken into account. Purified flue gas and useless polyethylene waste are proposed for use as sustainable raw materials, thus minimizing wastes and emissions and protecting the environment. The use of flue gas in this way could reduce CO2 emissions by 1.9 106 kmol/a

Water mist is one of the important substitutes of halon fire extinguishing agents with the advantages of clean and environmental protection. However, there will be a short time of flame intensification in the fire extinguishing progress of water mist, which threatening the safety of surrounding combustibles and fire fighters. The main objective of this study is to assess the suppression performance

Coal-to-methanol enterprises in China face many risk factors that pose a serious threat to the safety of the company's production. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct risk assessments of coal-to-methanol plants. A failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a significant analysis method in risk evaluation. However, due to the uncertainty in the risk analysis process, the assessment results may not

Alarm messages in industrial processes are designed to draw attention to abnormalities that require timely assessment or intervention. However, in practice, alarms are arbitrarily and excessively defined by process operators resulting numerous nuisance and chattering alarms that are simply a source of distraction. Countless techniques are available for the retrospective filtering of alarm data, e.g

The effect of the sludge retention time (SRT) on the stability and performance of an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) sequencing-batch reactor (SBR) on the simultaneous organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus removal from simulated domestic wastewater was assessed in a long-term study (392 days). Operated under alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions, the reactor was subjected to four experimental conditions:

The safety aspects of pipelines conveying hazardous materials are included neither under the umbrella of Seveso Directives aiming at preventing major accidents at industrial facilities, nor in other EU legislations, such as the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED). Starting from evidence that in the last decades the international natural gas market has been growing at a very high rate and continues to

In a deep geological nuclear waste repository gas can be generated by different processes. Understanding the gas transport mechanisms across the engineered and natural barriers in a repository is relevant for its security assessment, both in terms of mechanical stability and of radionuclide transport. The engineered barrier may be composed of compacted blocks of bentonite and the interfaces between

Inherently safer design (ISD) is a component of industrial safety that focusses on the elimination and reduction of hazards using four principles – minimization, substitution, moderation and simplification. Process hazard analysis (PHA) has been identified as an opportunity to explicitly consider ISD and enhance the implementation of ISD within process safety management (PSM) frameworks. The PHA technique

This work investigates the effects of blending waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel with gasoline and kerosene on diesel engine performance, combustion characteristics and emissions compared to fossil diesel. The properties of WCO biodiesel derived through transesterification process, are consistent with the standard limits. Kerosene and gasoline additives are added to biodiesel at ratios of 5 and 10

This paper focuses on the dispersion behavior of gas released from underwater soil by using experimental and numerical approaches. A small-scale experimental system is developed and a number of release scenarios are carried out. The results indicate that the released gas breaks through the sand layer after consuming a certain amount of initial energy and enters the water in the form of bubble plumes

The management of reactivity hazards has long been a problem in chemical process and the indexing approach is believed to be an effective solution. However, while most of the reactivity indexes do not consider the runaway scenario and are often quite rough, the assessment criteria used to judge thermal runaway does not take the type of scenario or the severity of the consequences into account. At present

The pyrolysis kinetics of two types of sewage sludge (municipal sludge and pharmaceutical sludge) were studied by thermogravimetry. The collected samples were pretreated and tested with nitrogen as carrier gas at different heating rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 °C/min) using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Model-free methods and master plots method were used to calculate the pyrolysis kinetic parameters of

According to previous research, it has been proved that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can retain more than 90 % of the MPs contained in wastewater. However, a significant fraction of the MPs removed in WWTPs is retained in the sludge floc and this may lead to an environmental issue since biosolids can be used as fertilizers. The purpose of this research was to evaluate how the presence of polyethylene

One of the possible applications of available hard coal resources is their underground gasification directly in the deposit. The gas obtained in this way is discharged to the surface for use in chemical synthesis or energy purposes. The environmental risk of the technology is mainly related to the potential negative impact of the process on groundwater and surface water, due to the need to remove process

In this paper, an optimisation-based approach to obtain safe multi-floor process plant layout designs using the domino hazard index (a sub-index of the integrated inherent safety index) is presented. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to obtain the economically optimal multi-floor layout design considering connection by pipes, horizontal and vertical pumping of process fluids

The pitting corrosion of pipelines subjected to the spatio-temporal earthquake was evaluated to illustrate the failure probability of multiple loading conditions. The pipeline vibration was modeled as a coupled 3D vibration equation considering the uncertain soil parameters. Using a combination of the Gamma process and Gaussian copula function implemented time-dependent corroded growth of single defect

In the age of big data, intelligence, and Industry 4.0, intelligence plays an increasingly significant role in management or, more specifically, decision making; thus, it becomes a popular topic and is recognised as an important discipline. Hence, safety intelligence (SI) as a new safety concept and term was proposed. SI aims to transform raw safety data and information into meaningful and actionable