This work investigated the removal of phenol from petroleum wastewater by the electro‐oxidation process. The experimental design was developed on a pilot‐scale electro‐oxidation system equipped with a cylindrical shape of graphite electrodes as an anode and stainless‐steel electrodes as a cathode. An initial study was performed based on operating variables such as current density and time on real petroleum

As a measure of water quality, water turbidity might be a source of water pollution in drinking water resources. Henceforth, having a reliable tool for predicting turbidity values based on common water quantity/quality measured parameters is of great importance. In the present paper, the performance of the online sequential extreme learning machine (OS‐ELM) in predicting daily values of turbidity in

The study aimed at biochar production from maize cob and its performance in improving water physiochemical attributes. Three feedstock masses (2kg, 2.5kg, 3kg) were used for biochar production. Nine treatment combinations of T1L1, T1L2, T1L3, T2L1, T2L2, T2L3, T3L1, T3L2 and T3L3 in triplicates were used for biochar performance. Biochar yield of 50% was averagely achieved at slow pyrolysis conditions

Over the last 30 years, a number of biological treatment processes have emerged for treating high‐strength ammonia liquors arising from the dewatering of anaerobic digestate. The AMTREAT® process was the first process to become established and recognised as a viable and reliable process to treat these high‐strength ammonia liquors. The process is a high‐rate activated sludge plant supplied by ACWA

The study assessed water shortages and its effects on sanitation in Senior High Schools using structured questionnaires involving water availability, water use pattern and perception of greywater reuse. Additionally, an observation of the sanitation situation was done to validate the responses. The study found that water availability was an issue as this caused students to use more than an hour round

Reservoirs are the key infrastructure of water resources management. A controlling variable of reservoir operation is evaporation, which in semi‐arid and arid regions may consume a large fraction of reservoir storage annually. This paper assesses the role of evaporation and the choice of evaporation methods on reservoir operation. The operation of the reservoir is calculated with the standard operation

Temporary streams are dynamic ecosystems that shift between wet and dry states and include the ‘winterbourne’ chalk streams of south England. Our understanding of temporary stream biodiversity is biased, with most research to date exploring aquatic invertebrate communities in benthic sediments during flowing phases. We surveyed the invertebrate communities of the Candover Brook chalk stream, comparing

The aim of this study is to reduce the phosphate concentration in treated wastewater using a small amount of the reactive filter media, Filtralite P . Biologically treated wastewater was passed through a filter with 215 g of Filtralite P . In the laboratory, the phosphate removal efficiency was 51% at a flow speed of 0.87 m/h. Under real conditions, in an experimental stand filled with 0.5 m3 of Filtralite

Most existing studies analyze the early decision‐making processes of public−private partnership (PPP) projects from the perspective of the government or investors, as such decisions involve lengthy negotiations and are likely to lead to unfair results. Hence, there is a need for fair and reasonable investment decision‐making methods. This study investigates the investment return system of PPP wastewater

Investigations on the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) express that one of the effective oxidation agents in the degradation of organic pollutants is the aqueous hydroxyl radical. Therefore, the main aim of this work is the determination of the hydroxyl radical rate constant. To this end, three artificial intelligence methods were used to predict this constant for 457 various water pollutants from

Water contamination is a global challenge impacting both the environment and human health with significant economic and social costs. The growing scarcity of usable water resources requires effective treatment of wastewater. In this context, developing cheaper, safer and more efficient wastewater treatment technologies are the need of the hour. One promising approach that several studies have reported

In recent years, as a result of climate change as well as rainfall reduction in arid and semi‐arid regions, modelling qualitative and quantitative parameters belonging to aquifers has become crucially important. In Iran, as aquifers are treated as the most commonly used drinking water resources, modelling their qualitative and quantitative parameters is enormously important. In this paper, for the

Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) schemes is increasingly being used to obtain and drive environmental improvements. This paper describes two PES schemes, designed by Severn Trent Water (STW) to manage metaldehyde; Farm to Tap, and Product Substitution. Data collected over three years of running the schemes indicate that they can reduce the mean metaldehyde concentration at the Water Treatment Works

Coagulation is the most commonly used chemical treatment process that is used to remove contaminants from drinking water. In this study, the Log‐Dose‐Response (LDR) model and theoretical isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were employed to predict the DOC removal in the coagulation process during La Nina events. The six months water samples were collected during an intense La Niña cycle at various

Advances in remote sensing technology enable monitoring and detection of these vulnerable water bodies that bear numerous functions and ecological services beyond their intended use. As such, valuable data and information may be provided for long and short‐term analyses and stored in a database for future projections. This paper initially grouped 18 natural lakes of the Konya Closed Basin of Turkey

Solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and ultrasonic extraction (UE) techniques followed by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) have been modified for qualitative and quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment samples. Percentage recoveries of PAHs ranged from 85 to 121% in water and 82 to 117% in sediment samples. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits

The issue of microplastic pollution has seen an increasing focus over the last decade, both as a scientific research topic and due to intensive media interest. Despite this, there has been, until recently, a relative paucity of data relating to the volume and type of microplastics in the marine environment. The Cell 1 Regional Coastal Monitoring Programme, which covers approximately 300 km of the northeast

The direct discharge of raw bathroom greywater has increased the concentrations of various pollutants in the water bodies. Typically, greywater contains large quantities of xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) owing to an increase in consumption of personal care and bath products. Therefore, it urges for a suitable technology to eliminate these compounds from contaminated waters. Photocatalytic degradation

Discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater into the water bodies is the prime source of degradation of the freshwater ecosystem. Re‐aeration of the river allows the rejuvenation of river water quality by absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere at the air‐water interface. An accurate estimation of the re‐aeration coefficient helps to determine the assimilative capacity of streams and wastewater management

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have unique properties that limit their degradability in the environment. One of these PFAS is an acid (PFOA). Electrochemical oxidation is a promising method for remediation, but energy costs are high. To limit the energy consumption, this study used a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode stack and a combined current density technique that employed 50 mA/cm2 for the

The purpose of this paper is to study stormwater management potential of new permeable pavement with subsurface micro‐detention storage (PPDS) at low‐speed residential suburban area. The main features incorporated permeable pavement of a hollow micro cylinder precast structure with solid hexagon precast concrete as top and bottom covers. The purpose of hollow micro detention design is for rainwater

In this review paper, a physical systems analysis based on thermodynamics has been applied to the observed behaviour of activated sludge as a physical system. The origin of the microecology of activated sludge and its relationship to biofilms and the metabolic consequences of the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) formation are explained for the first time. Feast‐famine conditions are shown to be the

The impact of external mass transport on the biodegradation rate of phenol in a packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) was studied. A potential bacterial species, Bacillus flexus GS1 IIT (BHU), was isolated from the petroleum contaminated soil. Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) immobilized with the Bacillus flexus GS1 IIT (BHU) was used as packing material in the PBBR. The PBBR was operated by varying the inlet

Disinfection practices reduce the incidence of water‐borne diseases but may result in formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in raw water that are reported to be carcinogenic. Central composite design (CCD) was employed in the present study for optimization of disinfectant dose and contact time with the rationale to evaluate if an optimal balance could be achieved between minimal DBPs formation

Hydroponics is a method of crop production that has been successfully used for the growth of vegetables and flowers. It uses a nutrient solution and generally controlled environmental conditions which makes it more energy intensive, yet more productive than conventional agriculture. Hydroponic systems can be used as a treatment process for partially treated wastewater or reclaimed water (RW) before

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are only partially removed by convectional wastewater treatment plants. This study aimed at assessing the post‐treatment degradation of selected antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs by direct UV photolysis and advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2 and UV/Cl2) using low‐pressure mercury lamp. The rate of degradation largely followed pseudo first‐order reaction

Biofilters are promising technologies that widely applied in the treatment of urban stormwater. However, the microbial removal capacity performance depends greatly on the design of biofilters. Hence, this laboratory study attempts to investigate the influence of filter media depths (i.e. 150, 250, 350 and 450 mm) and the variation of native plants, that is, Cow Grass (Axonopus compressus ) and Pearl

We propose an innovative magnetic separation technique to separate a very important toxic inorganic pollutant (nitrate) from wastewater, using a recyclable magnetic adsorbent system. Our recyclable adsorbent system is a novel magnetic hydrogel composite, based on cross‐linked polyacrylic acid (MNP‐pAAc). The as‐synthesized magnetic hydrogel composite has very well controlled properties related to the

Comprehensive assessment of the virtual water trade of Germany with the world is performed and the national water footprint through the trade of crop and livestock products from 1991 to 2016 is assessed. Virtual water flows based on 328 products with more than 200 countries indicate Germany as a net virtual water importer. Average virtual water import was 100.5 Bm3/y, virtual water export was 60.2 Bm3/y

The Freezing Melting (F/M) is considered one of the most sustainable desalination techniques in terms of energy consumption compared with commercial desalination. However, it presents some problems, especially salt trapping in the ice. In this paper, an experimental analysis is carried out to achieve a better understanding of saline ions displacement observed during the freezing of saline water. Different

Most bottling companies in Ethiopia use polyethylene terephthalate bottles to package. However, less attention is given to toxic chemicals that could migrate from packaging material into the water. This study aims to assess leaching and toxicological conditions in PET bottled water due to prolonged storage and exposure to direct sunlight. Allium cepa test was used to determine mitotic index (MI) and

In this study, a metal‐phosphate layered/activated carbon (KMSP@AC) composed of potassium (K), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn) and phosphorous (P) was prepared by the solvothermal method. The proposed nanocomposite was used as an effective adsorbent to remove Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and V(III) from water samples in oil‐rich areas prior to ICP‐OES analysis. The KMSP@AC was fully characterized using

A variety of biosensing strains for monitoring of aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants have been developed but only a few have been applied to the field due to their lower survival rate and susceptibility to toxic pollutants. Immobilization is one of the solutions to protect strain from toxic pollutants. Synthetic and natural matrices were screened for the immobilization of three strains, which were able

The formation of CaCO3 of groundwater has important implications in the industry. Many conventional scale inhibitors are considered environmentally unfriendly. In this study, we investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Paronychia arabica (PA) as new green antiscalant agents on the precipitation of CaCO3 in an arid desert region. The antiscaling properties of these extracts towards CaCO3 formation

Water quality index (WQI) is used for aggregate assessment of water pollution level. The method is used in the United States of America (USA) and some other countries including Vietnam, but it has several limitations: the weight of a parameter is subjectively defined by the experts' criteria; the hierarchical rating scale is self‐regulated and fixed; the individual index of WQI is calculated based

The nutrient removal efficiency of two integrated constructed wetlands (ICWs) installed at commercial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Norfolk, UK, is assessed – the River Ingol ICW (1 year old) and the River Mun ICW (5 years old). Analysing water samples collected across the ICWs between February and September 2019, significant reductions in both effluent nutrient concentration and load were

FeSO4 was used to activate K2S2O8 mixed with paper sludge to condition activated sludge, and its effect on sludge dewaterability was investigated. Interaction effects of various parameters on sludge dewaterability were investigated and analysed by considering the moisture content of cake, specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and capillary suction time (CST) as indicators and the Box–Behnken design

The presented study concerns the efficiency of removing nutrients, organic compounds and metal cations from municipal sewage by a cylindrical photobioreactor (PBR) with the biomass of microalgae growing on pine bark. The study was conducted in two cylindrical PBRs fed with municipal wastewater for 42 days. PBRs were internally illuminated with red and blue light at night. The sewage was additionally

In this study, a lab‐scale sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 h was established to treat 50 mg/L 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP), and the temporal responses of 4‐CP on the performance and the expression level of related functional genes in sludge were explored. Results showed that after the SBR was acclimated with the cometabolic carbon sources of 4‐CP and methanol, the

In this study, a multiobjective optimization approach was adopted to optimize pumping operations by minimizing energy cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while considering water quality either as an additional objective or as a constraint. When water quality was not included, a trade‐off between energy cost and GHG was found. Including water quality as a constraint led to an overall increase in

In this study, batch and column experiments were conducted to adsorb Aluminium (Al3+) from aqueous solution. The study examined the possibility of using proposed reactive filter bed media (packed with hematite or hematite sand mixture) for contaminated water treatment. Batch experiments were carried out at pH 7 ± 0.5 and initial Al3+ concentration of 1.5 mg/L. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in

Treatment of wastewater containing hexavalent chromium is the issue in this research. Supported liquid membrane with in situ electrochemical reaction in stripping section helps to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium by forming chromium‐iron complex. Iron plate acts as anode in stripping section. The chromium‐iron complex is an useful value added product that can be used for various purposes

Reliable estimates of quantiles associated with mid‐to‐large return periods are required in the everyday practice of Hydrologic Engineering. However, the usually small samples pose numerous challenges for inferring such quantiles. Therefore, augmenting sample sizes via extension techniques could be beneficial for statistical inference. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive assessment of the

In this study, mixed microalgal culture dominated by Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus armatus was grown in Anaerobic Liquid Digestate (ALD) at different NaCl concentrations ranging between 0 and 100 mM. Highest lipid and carbohydrate amounts were observed as 38.4 and 36.2%, respectively, when the salinity was 50 mM NaCl. However, the protein content was drastically decreased to 12.8% with increased

Bipolar electrocoagulation with aluminum sacrificial electrodes was designed to simultaneously remove Cr(VI), phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and turbidity from both tanning, domestic and industrial wastewater. The experimental setup was demonstrated in a semi‐industrial scale for the remediation of effluents released from Fez city (Morocco), which exhibited highly variable composition and pH. The

Catchment‐scale river reconnection programmes require barrier inventories for restoration planning, yet barrier inventories are variable in extent and quality internationally. To test the degree to which barrier databases, in this case for England, are fit for purpose, we made a comparison of the national database (mostly originating from desk‐study) for two catchments, the Wear and the Tees, against

This article presents the review of the research papers concerning nanobubble generation. In main section of this article, numerous methods of nanobubble generation have been discussed pinpointing the differences in results obtained in similar experimental setups. Different generation methods have been tabularized to present the composition of phases, the diameter of generated bubbles as well as the

Low temperature environment was one of the difficulties in sewage treatment. In this study, the removal efficiency of multistage AO process was analysed under different hydraulic residence time (12 h, 8 h and 6 h) and inlet flow distribution ratio(5 : 4 : 4, 3 : 2 : 1 and 25 : 15 : 6), the rules of pollutant migration and transformation were compared and analysed under different control parameters

Crawling ciliates play important role in activated sludge as they improve flocculation and remove loosely attached bacteria from the flocs. However, there are discrepancies concerning their influence on nitrifying bacteria and nitrification efficiency. We conducted a five weeks experiment in six bioreactors simulating the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process using activated sludge from a plant in

This study applies a choice experiment to evaluate the value of ecological water and investigate public preferences in the Shiyang River Basin, which is an ecologically fragile region in China. The four ecological attributes were ecological water quantity in the upper sub‐basin, ecological water quantity in the middle sub‐basin, ecological water quantity in the lower sub‐basin, water quality in Hongyashan

Many industries including distilleries continue to contribute to environmental pollution due to significant release of organic and inorganic pollutants as wastewater. This wastewater contains heavy metals and other toxic chemicals that lead to health‐related problems. Despite the advancement in treatment technologies, major treatment methods such as conventional treatment methods are still battering

Water service providers are being urged to incorporate customer preferences into their investment plans with the relative merits of different elicitation techniques being exposed to greater scrutiny. Though elicitation can be undertaken with a range of methods, there is little understanding of their comparative performance in terms of being able to generate consistent or commensurable outcomes. This

Surface and core sediments were investigated in the lower Han River Basin, a tributary of Changjiang River in China to evaluate the nitrogen (N) pollution of sediments and N fluxes as well as their influencing factors at the sediment‐water interface. Two methods of sediment pollution assessment were applied and the results showed that the sediment at site H9 was the most contaminated and that at site

In changing climatic conditions with rising surface air temperatures mountain regions with their characteristic environment and accumulated snow deserve special attention and sustainable management. To investigate the sensitivity of mountain catchments to global warming, this study explores potential trends for hydro‐climatic variables between 1957 and 2016 (60 years). Based on the Mann‐Kendall test

The paper presents a methodological approach to preliminary flood risk assessment, which is conceptually based on the regional typing and integrated flood risk assessment. From the above conceptual bases, two key tasks arise: (1) establishing a basic spatial unit for preliminary flood risk assessment and (2) specifying its attributes in relation to the flood hazard and vulnerability (negative consequences)

Simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process for treating anaerobic digester liquor of swine wastewater (ADLSW) was achieved successfully in a continuous ‐flow biofilm reactor by gradually increasing the influent ammonium ( ) concentration whilst controlling the low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. After 180 days of operation, the average removal efficiencies of

This study evaluates and models the impacts of employing biofilm carriers in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). A neural network (NN) was used to predict contaminants in the effluent and analyse the importance of operating parameters. With a hydraulic retention time of 7 h, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) were 85, 82, and

We investigated the relationship between cyanobacteria and geosmin occurrence in the Paldang Lake watershed, South Korea, by examining samples from the Bukhan and Namhan Rivers weekly from 2011 to 2015. Cyanobacteria were detected in summer, when water temperatures reached 20°C or more. Merismopedia, non‐nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria, dominated the Namhan River, which had high nitrogen concentrations