Using the quantitative method, this paper examined barriers to water‐efficiency behaviour among rural and peri‐urban residents in Eastern Cape, South Africa and identify opportunities for promoting it. The result showed positive associations between water‐efficiency behaviour and income, personal capabilities and poor knowledge of efficient water conservation measures. Rural and periurban households

The concept of environmental flows has been developed to manage human alteration of river flow regimes, as effective management requires an understanding of the ecological consequences of flow alteration. This study explores the concept of macroinvertebrate sensitivity to river flow alteration to establish robust quantitative relationships between biological indicators and hydrological pressures. Existing

A novel three‐stage treatment process corresponding to three reactors (R1, R2 and R3) was developed for advanced defluoridation from industrial wastewater with fluoride concentration as high as 245 mg/L. In the first stage (R1), 90.6 ± 0.8% of fluoride was removed through CaF2 precipitation. Subsequently, the second stage (R2) was operated for advanced defluoridation through fluorapatite (FAP) precipitation

This research assessed the robustness of a new water governance system in Pakistan through Ostrom’s design principles, examined the potential of water commons against climate‐induced water scarcity, the role compliance of Khal Panchayat (KP, watercourse level user association), and problems in their implementation. Data collection included personal interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs) with

The study aims to establishing the possibility of using eco‐friendly natural polymers to formulate scale inhibitor for industrial water applications. The performance of a blend of two natural polymers, chitosan and sodium alginate as scale inhibitor in comparison with a commercially available inhibitor formulation, HEDP (Hydroxyethylidene, 1‐Diphosphonic Acid), is carried out using electrochemical

The performance of novel chitosan‐poly(vinyl alcohol) gel beads was evaluated removing lead, cadmium and chromium from mining influenced groundwater (MIGW) under hydrodynamic conditions employing column sorption experiments. To elicit the efficiency of the synthesized materials, the sorbent bed height within the packed column and volumetric flow were varied; the column configuration was changed using

The anaerobic digestion of pig slurry samples collected from different points of a farm and raw pig slurry pretreated by centrifugation and decantation was first studied. The specific methane production of raw pig slurry and after centrifugation and decantation pretreatment was 158, 24, and 42.34 L kgVS‐1, respectively. Secondly, the anaerobic digestion of the mixture of raw pig slurry and decanted

Simulation of a passively aerated biological filter packed with NWPF was carried out using GPS‐X V.7 software. System was operated at HLR and OLR rates of 11.1 m3/m2. d and 2.5 kg BOD m3.d. Calibration of experimental results indicated excellent correlation between experimental and modelled effluent. Simulation was done by incremental increase of HLR, OLR until break through point. System was very

The virtual water strategy (VWS) provides a theoretically feasible method to transport virtual water (VW) and balance regional differences in water resource endowments. However, the practical implementation of VWS faces selective resistance due to the lack of research in motivation analysis across potential executor regions. Game theory provides a new approach to study the decision‐making mechanism

In this study, a series of laboratory tests were performed on 25 water samples, obtained from the high‐altitude glacier‐fed water resources of Gilgit‐Baltistan Pakistan. The variations in the measured Physico‐chemical parameters were found as follows: conductivity 62‐989(µS/cm), turbidity 0.94‐10.86(NTU), pH 6‐8.4, TDS 40‐830(mg/l), hardness 30‐305(mg/l), Ca2+ 35‐135(mg/l), K+ 2‐12.2(mg/l), Mg2+ 0‐17

In contemporary water‐scarce regions and with increasing pressure on the built environment, access to quality water within the peri‐urban space is of concern. It has been argued that integrated algal pond systems (IAPS) are ideally suited as these systems offer value recovery and water for irrigation. Advanced oxidation (AO) was evaluated as tertiary treatment for inclusion into the IAPS process. Chemical

Effective implementation of drinking water source protection (DWSP) programmes relies on a range of factors working successfully for the effective protection of water quality. The objective of this research is to develop a weighted scoring framework for assessing the controls applied to risk management in DWSP programmes. The proposed scoring framework for DWSP programmes robustness is based on statistical

Research examined constructed wetlands (CWs) in piloting the ‘Sponge City’, a Chinese initiative designed, in part, to curtail extensive urban pluvial flooding. In Yangzhou a small number of exploratory qualitative interviews with relevant professionals elucidated key issues. The interviewees supported the concept of CWs but were uniformly sceptical about their viability. A possible CW in the city

Sediments with and without Potamogeton crispus were simultaneously incubated outdoors to determine the effects of plant growth on the nutrients migration. After 3 months of incubation, the Fe, Mn, Si, Cu and Zn concentrations of the plant roots were significantly higher than those of the shoots (p < .05). Additionally, when P. crispus was present, the nutrient contents varied in the descending order

This study predicts heavy metals removal from aqueous solution by polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) process using machine learning (ML) techniques such as multiple layer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) after data analysis. The removal efficiency (RE) of the PIMs process is predicted for cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) by changing operating conditions

Tanzania has experienced recurring floods causing injuries, deaths and damage of social service infrastructures. The current study assesses the resilience of water supply physical infrastructure (WSPI) against flood. Questionnaires, interviews and physical observations were conducted to evaluate the problems affecting the WSPI. Most components were found vulnerable to flood impacts. The problems align

Constructed farms wetlands (CFWs) are increasingly being used to treat faecally contaminated ‘dirty waters’ from yard areas on livestock farms. The findings of the present study, undertaken at the Pwllpeiran experimental CFW, West Wales, provide empirical data on the effectiveness of CFWs in attenuating faecal indicator organism (FIO) concentrations and fluxes to the receiving waters to which they

Dairy industry effluent will pollute the environment if not properly treated. In the present work, the feasibility of nonthermal plasma (NTP) for the treatment of dairy industry effluent is assessed. The effect of energy yield and plasma intensity on reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal is investigated. Box–Behnken design (BBD) is employed to optimize the operating parameters such as initial

In this study, the Hydrological Simulation Programme‐FORTRAN (HSPF) and the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Programme (WASP), were adopted as a combined tool. The long Feitsui impounding reservoir located in Taiwan was used as a case study. The combined model helped illustrate the total phosphorus (TP) mass balance. Approximately 51.4% of the TP flowed out from the reservoir, while 16.2% of the TP

Sustainable forest management provides a wide range of water‐related ecosystem services (WES) fundamental for human well‐being such as groundwater recharge, runoff and water discharge to streams, soil erosion protection, and recreational opportunities. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) promote sustainable forest management by reducing negative externalities. To implement PES schemes, many stakeholders

This study presents a bench‐scale study on the dynamic removal of arsenic from wastewater by an adsorption membrane consisting of a polycaprolactone matrix with iron‐intercalated montmorillonite filler. A 2K factorial design of experiment was employed to study the effect of different adsorption parameters; namely, flow rate, initial influent concentration, and thickness of adsorbent sheets on breakthrough

Land subsidence induced by rapid groundwater depletion in Fars Province (Iran) has led to serious problems for agricultural lands, structures and infrastructures, also its destructive effects on the Achaemenid Empire monuments has raised national concerns. Over the past three decades, mainly due to the increasing reliance of the economy on agriculture, the number of water wells has grown rapidly (7100

In recent years, dams have received extensive scrutiny for their effects on stream and river systems throughout the United States. Dams vary greatly in size and scale, but investigations often focus on large‐scale dams due to their visibility in the public eye and pronounced impact. This can result in smaller and less impactful impoundments being overlooked, despite the cumulative effects these dams

This work deals with the inhibition of the scaling capacity of Hamma Bouziane (HB) groundwater (Algeria). In this study, the scale inhibition efficiency of gallic acid on calcium carbonate formation was assessed using chronoamperometry and impedancemetry. Owing to its characteristics of non‐toxicity and biodegradability, gallic acid can be classified as a green inhibitor. The obtained results showed

In this study, TiO2/Carbon fibre (CF) composite photocatalyst was prepared by sol‐gel method, and its characterization was analysed by SEM and XRD. Under the ultraviolet light, the effects of various single factors on the removal of ammonia nitrogen from aquaculture wastewater by TiO2/CF were discussed. Orthogonal experiments were performed to determine the most beneficial conditions for ammonia nitrogen

Vortex settling basin is an efficient continuous flushing system to remove the sediment in water and wastewater treatment plants. In the current study, computational fluid dynamics was implemented to study sophisticated flow field within the Vortex settling basin. The performance of 3‐D Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence models including standard k−ε and SST k−ω models and a large eddy simulation

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biochar and wheat straw on nitrogen leaching and corn yield. Field experiment includes CO (control treatment), SM5 and SM10 (wheat straw with a thickness of 5 and 10 mm, respectively), ST5 and ST10 (wheat straw at a rate of 5 and 10 t ha−1 in combination with soil, respectively) and BT2.5 and BT5 (biochar at a rate of 2.5 t ha−1 in combination

Harmful algal blooms represent a major environmental problem that is rapidly growing all over the world. In the present work, the effectiveness of simulated bank filtration (BF), as an economical water treatment option, to remove cyanotoxins under different levels of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) was investigated. Vertical flow‐through columns pre‐acclimated with two levels of nutrients (e.g

Sewage sludge is the essential by‐product of wastewater treatment and approaching 100% of the sludge generated in the United Kingdom is recycled to agricultural land. In collaboration with three major Water Utility companies in the United Kingdom, a critical statistical analysis of historical and contemporary sludge quality data was completed to demonstrate the long‐term patterns and improvements in

The present work intends to study the treatment of olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) by natural flotation followed by anaerobic‐aerobic biodegradation, without dilution. After natural flotation, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and polyphenol decreased by 37.7%, 3.7% and 3.3%, respectively. Whereas, anaerobic treatment removed 23.9% of nitrate, 29.1% of turbidity and 16.2% of polyphenol. However

Hypolimnetic aeration is a viable method to increase the assimilation capacity of lakes. In this study two lakes, one relatively small pond were chosen where aeration equipment was installed and one larger reservoir lake where the required aeration amount was found by calculation. A laboratory‐scale hypolimnetic aeration system (HAS) was designed. A hybrid system using wind and solar energy was implemented

This study evaluated the effect of two biocontaminant surrogates on the activity and performance of activated sludge. In the presence of bacteriophage MS2 at 3.2 × 108 PFU/ml, the peak respiration rates varied between 9.1 and 10.5 mg O2/gVSS/hr, generally similar to the rates observed in negative controls. MS2 did not alter the molar CO2‐produced‐to‐O2 consumed stoichiometry observed during respiration

Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters in the world, displacing millions of people each year and causing severe damage to people's lives and infrastructure. It is the most widespread hydrological hazard worldwide that affects water management, nature protection, economic activities, hydromorphological alterations on ecosystem services and human health. Real‐time monitoring systems

Ipomoea aquatica—an aquatic macrophyte—could remove chromium and manganese from their mixtures after 96 h exposure at a maximum rate of 82.8% and 93.9%, respectively, in microcosms. The removal rates were higher (90.4% and 94.5%, respectively) after 96 h exposure in mesocosms with gravel beds and vertical subsurface flow. The higher removal rates in mesocosm were probably due to a wide range of partitioned

In this research, the efficiency of the integrated fixed‐film activated sludge‐oxic settling anoxic (IFAS‐OSA) system in biological nutrient removal was studied. The oxic‐settling anoxic (OSA) process is known as a cost effective way to reduce the nutrients (nitrogen and Phosphorus). According to the results, the percentages of total nitrogen removal efficiency in the IFAS, IFAS‐OSA2h and IFAS‐OSA4h

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitudes of the water footprints throughout the production chain of silk. This research is divided into two parts: the agriculture of mulberry cultivation and the handwoven silk production process. The research results revealed that the highest water footprint for 2019 was 1710 cubic metric/tonne, which was greater than the highest water footprint

Advanced control strategies are designed for an activated sludge‐based wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) consisting of two anoxic, three aerobic reactors and secondary settler by considering the influent data from an existing WWTP. Four different control strategies (PI/FPI/MPC/FLC) are designed and a systematic procedure is developed to implement these control strategies. The plant performance is evaluated

Agricultural phosphate (PO43−) is a major cause of water quality compliance failures. Filter socks (FS) are a sediment‐control method proven to be effective at removing sediment and sediment bound‐P. Within the water and wastewater treatment industries phosphorous sorbing materials (PSMs) are widely used to remove reactive PO43−. Combining PSMs with FS provides an opportunity to concomitantly remove

The metformin, is an emerging contaminant and one of the most consumed drugs in the world that has a high power of endocrine disruption across species in the ecosystem. The focus of this study was to determine the best photocatalytic processes through the study of TiO2‐based photocatalytic, photo–Fenton and photo–ferrioxalate reactions for the metformin removal. The experimental results demonstrated

The aim of this study was to estimate the socio‐economic determinants of the residential water tariff system for Al‐Bireh city, Palestine. Results confirmed that ~60% of respondents considered that the current water pricing as high in Al‐Bireh. The majority (76.4%) of households would be willing to pay 1%–3% of their monthly income for possible new water tariff in return for services provided for them

Empirical assessment of relationships between land use and land cover and drinking water chemical treatment cost is lacking in developing countries. This study is conducted to assess the impact of forest and non‐forest cover on water purification chemical costs in Ethiopia. A panel fixed effects regression model was applied and analysed at the watershed, upstream parts of the watershed, and different

This study examines the removal of nitrogen from nitrate, which accumulates in the anammox process, during the heterotrophic denitrification (HD) reaction using organic compounds that were originally contained in the influent as electron donors. The experimental system comprises a single partial‐nitritation/anammox (PNA) reactor and HD reactor for biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction that is placed

The purpose of this research was to understand how to minimise the destructive effects of floods by establishing a bio‐shield of natural vegetation. Experiments were conducted in a water flume to determine the flow properties under different vegetation conditions whereas; volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase approach with a standard k‐ɛ turbulence model was developed for a simulation. The study involved

In order to promote the decomposition of pollutants, potassium peroxodisulphate (PDS) has been added to a gas‐liquid dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with rod plate configuration for processing tetracycline (TC) wastewater. The effects of applied voltage, PDS dose, discharge gap, initial pH and TC concentration are discussed. The results show that the addition of PDS can significantly improve

Thirteen bacterial isolates from a bioreactor treating a mixture of municipal and molasses wastewater were investigated for their potential to degrade and decolorize melanoidins. All isolates were initially screened for manganese peroxidase activity and growth potential in the presence of four synthetic melanoidins solutions at concentrations ranging from 3 to 7 g/L/L. Three isolates of potential manganese

Drinking water quality of surface and underground water within 1.34 km from a waste landfill site in Kumasi, Ghana was investigated. Physico‐chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations were analysed to determine water quality and pollution indices. It was found that turbidity of 83% of hand dug wells, 50% of the streams and 33% of boreholes were higher than World Health Organisation (WHO) standards

Klebsiella pneumoniae, ubiquitously found in a variety of environmental sources, is an important pathogen in burn wounds and nosocomial infections. Burn wounds have been commonly treated with silver compounds, which are also used in a multitude of (non)medical products. As the latter increased silver discharge into different environments, we evaluated and compared silver resistance in K. pneumoniae

The COVID‐19 pandemic led to drastically altered working practices. During the UK lockdown, a questionnaire was distributed to water professionals to understand their experiences and perceptions of organisational response. Findings were evaluated on the measures of mitigation, adaptation, coping and learning. Employees’ perceived there were adequate procedures to mitigate a threat, partly due to preparations

In this study, groundwater potential zones and artificial recharge zones were delineated and favourable sites for placing recharge structures were identified. Different thematic layers were generated using ArcGIS and were scrutinized by a multivariate technique called principal component analysis (PCA). Selected thematic layers and their features were assigned suitable weights on Saaty’s 9‐point scale

As a result of the involvement of pollutants in water, there is the need to develop a facile and effective membrane technology that can not only treat dyes, but also kill bacteria in wastewater. In this work, a facile strategy is proposed for the preparation of a nanostructured hybrid membrane based on Polyphenylsulfone containing different ZnO nanoparticle contents. The results confirm that ZnO nanoparticle

Combination of constructed wetland with activated sludge (AS) is one of the application of sustainable development for dealing with environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three system of domestic wastewater treatment, namely AS, combination AS with constructed wetland containing Canna lily (AS‐CWC), combination AS with constructed wetland containing Cyperus

The abilities of three species of freshwater microalgae to grow in, and desalinate untreated and undiluted seawater were investigated. The salinities of the seawater were reduced from 37.5g/L to 26.25 ± 1.33, 27.19 ± 1.33 and 30.0 ± 0.00 g/L by Desmodesmus subspicatus LC172266, Desmodesmus armatus LC172263 and Dictyosphaerium spp. LC172264 on the fourth, eighth and tenth week of the experiment, respectively

Successful operation of reservoir systems to guarantee the optimal use of available water resources has been the subject of many studies. The advent and applications of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) in the field of reservoir operation have led to significant advances in our capacity to improve the planning and management of complex reservoir systems. This study reports a review of the applications

A considerable amount of the plastics produced around the world is now dispersed throughout the environment, and in particular in aquatic ecosystems. This can have damaging consequences for plants, animals and human beings. This study investigates some approaches for detection and monitoring of plastics waste in river habitats through multispectral image classification. The data are acquired using

There is growing interest in the role of trees and forests in reducing the risk of flooding. The establishment of forests and planting of trees changes surface and subsurface hydrology, often delaying peak discharge and reducing overland flow and flood risk. However, it is increasingly recognised that a blanket recommendation to ‘plant trees’ is rarely an efficient approach to flood‐risk management

Phytoremediation technology using aquatic plants combined with microorganisms in constructed ecological floating bed (EFB) is increasingly applied to remediate eutrophic water. Utilizing the hydroponic Chlorophytum comosum, in combination with biofilm developed in polymeric fibrous carriers from sequencing batch reactor (SBR), to fabricate EFB, was implemented to reduce pollution and improve water

This study investigated the effect of different water quality regimes [Freshwater (FW), treated wastewater (TW) and alternating FW and TW (FW‐TW)] on drip‐irrigated table grape yield, quality and microbial contamination. Water and soil samples were analysed. In addition, grape samples were harvested for quantitative and qualitative evaluation. The results showed that the plants irrigated with TW and

The purpose of this study is to optimize the operating conditions in batch mode using Box‐Behnken Design (BBD), for the coagulation‐flocculation line sizing prior the sand filter in the pilot scale. Three coagulants were employed to achieve a high turbidity removal with a low concentration of residual metals. The results showed that the best turbidity removal was obtained with FeCl3. Using BBD (15

This study examined the feasibility of tertiary treatment for the effluent of the wastewater treatment plants through filtration into soil layers and pumping it for reuse. The research adopted experimental measurements and modelling works to simulate treating wastewater effluents by surrounding soil layers. The modelling work investigated the suitable distances for wastewater purifications into different