-
Studies of the Effects of Pyrogenic Exposure on the Enzymatic Activity of Chestnut and Chernozem Soils Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 S. Ya. Semenenko, N. V. Morozova, S. S. Marchenko
Abstract Combustion and fire have a negative impact on the natural environment and its natural components. Long and complex recovery processes occur in the soil cover due to the burning of the surface fertile layer that had formed over time. We judged the intensity of the vital activity of soil microorganisms, and, consequently, the intensity and nature of the process of soil restoration by the enzyme
-
F. A. Höfft’s Caucasian Herbarium Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 A. V. Scherbakov, Yu. Reyer, O. S. Grinchenko
Abstract The history of the botanical studies by F.A. Höfft in the northern Caucasus, as well as the location and size of storage of his herbarium collections and the means of their obtainment in different herbaria of Russia and Europe are outlined. It is established that the herbarium of F.A. Höfft, which is estimated at 7000–8000 samples (including the Caucasian section of 1800–2100 samples) is the
-
Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni Levels in Tissues and Organs of the Main Representatives of the Lower Volga Ichthiofauna Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 G. K. Bulakhtina, A. A. Bakaneva, A. V. Kudryashov, N. I. Kudryashova
Abstract This article presents the results of studies of the content of heavy metals (zinc, copper, lead, cadmium, and nickel) in the muscles and liver of the main commercial fish of different levels of the trophic chain, e.g., pike, perch, roach, and bream, caught in the Astrakhan region, Chernoyarsk district in the water of the Volga River. The distribution of metals in the body of hydrobionts is
-
Trans-Volga–Trans-Ural Steppes of the Northern Subzone of the Steppe Zone: Features of Modern Formation Diversity Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 I. N. Safronova, O. G. Kalmykova, N. Yu. Stepanova
Abstract A significant part of the natural Trans-Volga–Trans-Ural Steppes in the northern subzone has been destroyed by plowing. At the same time, they are represented over a rather large area by deposits of different ages. It is known that communities of many formations are distributed throughout the steppe zone. The differences in the structure of undisturbed communities in different subzones are
-
Dynamics of Modern Vegetation for Pasture Use in the Northwestern Pre-Caspian Region Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 V. G. Lazareva, V. A. Bananova, Nguyen Van Zung
Abstract This article presents the results of long-term studies of the process of desertification (degradation) of the dry lands of the northwestern Pre-Caspian region. Modern vegetation is considered to occur as a result of pasture overload with livestock. The authors consider this process to be “unification,” which leads to a decrease in species diversity in communities and, as a consequence, to
-
Characteristics of Spring–Summer Drought in Dry and Wet Periods in the South of European Russia Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 A. N. Zolotokrylin, T. B. Titkova, E. A. Cherenkova
Abstract The distribution pattern of the characteristics of spring–summer droughts during periods of increased and decreased annual wetting in 12 administrative entities of the south of European Russia in 1901–2018 are studied. During this time, four periods of different humidification conditions (alternating wetter, dry, wet and again dry periods) of different durations are well traced according to
-
Increasing the Efficiency of Plant-Cover Restoration in the Modern Focus of Deflation on Pastures of the Northwestern Caspian Region Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 A. S. Manaenkov, L. P. Rybashlykova
Abstract The change in the use of forage lands in the Black Lands and the Kizlyar pastures of the Caspian Sea region in the second half of the 20th century from winter to year-round, their overload with livestock, and plowing for forage crops led to the degradation of natural ecosystems, an outbreak of light-soil deflation, and the formation of large foci (with an area of hundreds or thousands of
-
Ecological and Biological Features of the Distribution of the Siberian Apricot ( Prunus sibirica L.) in the Southern Part of the Selenga River Basin Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 S. N. Bazha, T. G. Baskhaeva, E. V. Danzhalova, Yu. I. Drobyshev, L. A. Ivanov, L. A. Ivanova, S. V. Migalina, Yu. A. Rupyshev, V. I. Ubugunova, E. A. Bogdanov, S. Khadbaatar, E. G. Tsyrempilov, G. Tserenkhand, T. Shinekhuu
Abstract The features of the distribution of the Siberian apricot (Prunus sibirica L.) in the southern (Mongolian) part of the Selenga river basin is discussed. It was found that there is a clear trend in the successional change of pine forests to shrubby vegetation represented by Siberian apricot communities. This trend is facilitated by the reduction in forest area after fires, felling, and grazing
-
Floristic Diversity of Insular Pine Forests of the Trans-Volga–Kazakh Steppe Province Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 E. A. Eremeeva, N. B. Leonova
Abstract The insular pine forests of the Trans-Volga–Kazakh province of the Black Sea–Kazakh steppe region have high biodiversity and are relict in nature. The problems of their study and conservation are relevant in the context of increasing anthropogenic impact and climatic changes. A comprehensive analysis was performed for the floristic composition of communities of pine forests from the Burabai
-
Chernozems of Western Transbaikal: Distribution, Chemical Fertility, Organic Matter, Humus, and Yields Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 G. D. Chimitdorzhieva
Abstract Along with the chestnut soils, Transbaikal chernozems are intensely involved in regional crop farming. The latter are deficient in humus (4.2%), feature a light granulometric composition, occur in patches commonly along various slopes, and are exposed to deflation. The biological activity is low due to deep freezing (4 m) and slow thawing. Microorganisms are distributed in the topsoil. The
-
Use of Salt-Transfer Parameters in Forecast Decisions Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 A. P. Belousova
Abstract The article discusses methods to assess the reliability of salt-transfer parameters that were previously calculated with models of the microdispersion, macrodispersion, and dissolution of salts, with a view to their further use in predictive assessments of the development of salt-transfer processes in irrigation systems. The evaluation included statistical methods with the Fisher and Student
-
Evaluation of Estimation Methods for Monthly Reference Evapotranspiration in Arid Climates Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 M. Nazari, M. R. Chaichi, H. Kamel, M. Grismer, S. M. M. Sadeghi
Abstract Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) plays a key role in irrigation system design as well as water management of agricultural ecosystems under irrigated and rainfed conditions. While many methods for estimating the ET0 have been developed during the past several decades, method selection essentially depends on the availability of measured climatic variables. The FAO-56PM method recommended by
-
Biological Features of the Northwest Pre-Caspian Saiga Population at Different Sizes Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 T. Yu. Karimova, A. A. Lushchekina, V. M. Neronov, N. Yu. Pyurvenova, Yu. N. Arylov
Abstract The abundance of the saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica tatarica L., 1766) in the Northwest Pre-Caspian region has remained at an extremely low level over the past 20 years. Comparison of some biological parameters of the population for periods with different numbers of animals made it possible to reveal a number of low-population features. Thus, along with a decrease in the number of saigas (from
-
Medical and Geographical Assessment of the National Park Area for Tourist and Conservation Activities Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 T. V. Dikareva, E. G. Koroleva, S. S. Tupov
Abstract The potential risk of natural focal infections for tourists and park visitors has been analyzed and assessed based on the example of Karkaraly National Park (NP), which is located in central Kazakhstan. The medical and geographical characteristics of the area were carried out with three approaches: (1) assessment of natural preconditions for the emergence and existence of natural foci of infections
-
Field and Remote Studies and Mathematical Modeling of Mountain-Steppe Ecosystems on a Landscape Basis Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 A. K. Cherkashin, A. Yu. Bibaeva
Abstract The research, development, and informational support of ecosystem models based on spatial data with the use of landscape GIS technologies are discussed. The construction of models to describe the degradation of mountain ecosystems in the coastal zone of Lake Khubsugul (Mongolia) under the effect of natural and anthropogenic factors is analyzed, with allowance for the altitudinal differentiation
-
Structure of the Botanical Diversity of the Utrish–Tuapse Variant of the Crimean-Novorossiysk Orobiom Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 G. N. Ogureeva, M. V. Bocharnikov, E. G. Suslova
Abstract A regional assessment of the Crimean-Novorossiysk orobiome, which is considered a reference unit for the inventory and analysis of mountainous biodiversity, is based on the concept of ecosystem diversity. The altitudinal zonal structure of the vegetation cover is studied on the example of the Utrish–Tuapse geographic variant of the orobiome associated with the northwestern Caucasus, in accordance
-
Variability of Soil Salinity and Phytodiversity in Areas of Different Ages of the Caspian Sea Plain Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 M. V. Konyushkova, Yu. D. Nukhimovskaya, Z. U. Gasanova, N. Yu. Stepanova
Abstract The article discusses the results of soil and geobotanical studies at the plots on the coastal plain of the Caspian Sea (Northern Dagestan) of different ages: 1340 ± 36 years calBP (Kaspii-1) and 293 ± 13 years calBP (Kaspii-2). Changes in the biodiversity of the vegetation cover and the soil-salinity variation over time are assessed. It is shown that the variability of soil salinity (range
-
Forage Selectivity of Semi-Free-Roaming Bison ( Bison bison ) in Sod-Forming Cereal Steppes in the Western Manych River Valley Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 V. V. Dzhapova, O. G. Bembeeva, E. Ch. Ayusheva, V. D. Kazmin, R. R. Dzhapova, B. D. Abaturov
Abstract Materials on the composition of forage plants in the bison diet were obtained within the enclosure of nonconsumptive use at the Rostov Nature Reserve in the summer and autumn seasons of 2018. The described area is located in the sod-forming cereal-grass steppes in the Western Manych River valley. Data on the seasonal dynamics of the composition of forage plants in the bison diet were produced
-
Long-term Dynamics of Vegetation Restoration in the Technogenic Landscapes of the Bylym Arid Depression (Central Caucasus) Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 V. A. Chadaeva, N. L. Tsepkova, A. Zh. Zhashuev
Abstract The main trends in the dynamics of vegetation restoration on unevenly aged terraces of the Tyrnyauz Combine tailings dam in the conditions of the Bylym Arid Depression over a 50-year period are revealed. The steppe meadow regenerates on young upper terraces for 20 years. The slowest process is the self-growth of old-growth terraces at the dam foot (50 years). Conversely, the processes of soil
-
Analysis of the Structure of the Metacommunity of Plankton and Bottom Organisms in Rivers of the Lake Elton Basin Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-10-28 T. D. Zinchenko, V. K. Shitikov, L. V. Golovatyuk, E. V. Abrosimova
Abstract A statistical analysis was performed on hydrochemical and hydrobiological data obtained from samples of macrozoobenthos, meiobenthos, and zooplankton in 2013 and 2018 from different biotopes of the five highly mineralized rivers of the basin of the hyperhaline Lake Elton. The general trends in the formation of the species structure of the metacommunity of aquatic organisms are considered based
-
Rice Straw Decomposition by Woodlice (Isopoda, Oniscidea) and Millipedes (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) in the Soils of Kalmykia in a Laboratory Experiment Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 Yu. M. Lebedev; K. B. Gongalsky; A. Yu. Gorbunova; A. S. Zaitsev
AbstractRice crop residues are one of the recalcitrant agricultural wastes in arid conditions. A laboratory experiment was conducted to decompose rice straw with woodlice and millipedes living in the dry steppes of Kalmykia in Russia. Five individuals of two species of woodlice (Armadillidium vulgare and Protracheoniscus kryszanovskii) or two species of millipedes (Brachydesmus assimilis and Cylindroiulus
-
Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection and Prediction in the Yasouj City Suburbs in Kohgiluyeh Va Boyerahmad Province in Iran Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 M. Armin; M. Majidian; V. Ghorbannia Kheybari
AbstractLand cover change has direct effects on ecological functions and processes of landscape and natural resources. Forest degradation affects watershed processes and biochemical cycles and leads to soil erosion and water shortage; therefore it is necessary that the spatial dimensions of land use and land cover are identified regularly so that the policy makers and researcher are enabled to make
-
Analysis of Climatic Conditions in the Republic of Kalmykia for 1966–2017 Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 N. A. Shumova
AbstractThe study is based on an analysis of the dynamics of the air temperature, the precipitation, and the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov for the period of 1966–2017 based on data from the Yashkul meteorological station (Republic of Kalmykia). The construction and analysis of difference integral curves made it possible to identify periods with increased (in comparison with the average) and
-
Change in Vegetation on Meliorated Solonetcic Soils of the Peri-Yergenian Plain over 10 Years (Republic of Kalmykia) Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 N. M. Novikova; N. A. Volkova; S. S. Ulanova; M. M. Chemidov
AbstractObservations of the course of natural restoration of vegetation were repeated at nine sites of the Arshan–Zelmensky Scientific Station with the same methodology after 10 years on similar dates in May. The land-reclamation works lasted 20 years and was stopped almost 50 years ago. Comparison of the data from field work in the two observation periods (2008 and 2018) showed that the changes made
-
Role of the Regime of Ecosystem Use in the Variability Structure of Some Seed Productivity Traits of Mongolian Milkvetch, an Endemic Plant of the Republic of Dagestan Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 A. D. Khabibov; M. M. Mallaliev
AbstractA comparative analysis and an evaluation of the structure of variability have been carried out for eight (dimensional, numerical, weight, and index) seed productivity traits of two populations of Mongolian milkvetch (Astragalus fissuralis Alexeenko (Fabaceae)) growing at two different altitudes (1100 and 1750 m above sea level) in the middle mountain belt of the Inland Mountain Dagestan. This
-
Climatic Fluctuations in Dry Steppes and Their Role in the Demutation Process Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 A. M. Pugacheva
AbstractThe water availability in dry steppes during various active growing seasons is analyzed for the first time. Climatic fluctuations are examined, and their specific features are determined. Contrary to the popular opinion that the maximum precipitation in the steppe zone occurs during the summer period and that this is a distinctive feature of the steppe zone that is applicable to all its subzones
-
Geoecological Zoning of the Northeastern Caspian Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 A. S. Tabelinova
AbstractThe article analyzes the role of the landscape structure of the northeastern Caspian region in the development of geoecological processes. The goal of the study was to conduct geoecological zoning of the northeastern Caspian based on a study of the main factors determining the nature and intensity of the development of modern landscapes and the main geoecological processes: the altitudinal
-
Ontogenetic Structure of Rare Plant Species on the Usturt Plateau in Uzbekistan Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 T. Rakhimova; N. K. Rakhimova; Kh. F. Shomurodov; O. S. Abduraimov
AbstractThe article assesses the state of the ontogenetic structure of some rare species (Rosa laxa Retz., Crataegus korolkowii L. Henry, Artemisia terrae-albae Krasch. and Salsola arbusculiformis Drob.) growing on the Karakalpak part of Ustyurt. The study shows that the studied cenopopulations are normal and mostly incomplete under the ecological and cenotic conditions of Ustyurt. The ontogenetic
-
State of Desert Phytocenoses in the Republic of Kazakhstan at Crash Sites of Launch Vehicles Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 S. A. Lednev; I. N. Semenkov; T. V. Koroleva; A. V. Sharapova
AbstractThe article describes the vegetation cover that formed at three crash sites of launch vehicles fueled by toxic unsymmetric dimethylhydrazine 4–12 years after the accident. A launch-vehicle crash is accompanied by chemical, mechanical, and thermal (or pyrogenic) effects on the vegetation cover that extend out from the impact site to different distances, thereby forming characteristic, technogenically
-
Priorities in the Development of the Research Strategy for Arid Lands of the World Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 Z. G. Zalibekov; S. A. Mamaev; M. E. Kotenko; R. A. Magomedov
AbstractThe assessment of the situation of global desertification emphasizes the need for information characterizing the global progress of arid degradation and the damage caused by it. Amid the current climate warming, more regions will be affected by droughts, which compromise the sustainability of degrading lands. Concurrently, the drought frequency intensely increases in arid regions. The efforts
-
Composition of Macrocomponents and Trace Elements in Macrophytes from the Freshwater Part of the Volga Mouth Area Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-08-08 A. V. Savenko; V. F. Brekhovskikh; O. S. Pokrovsky
AbstractThe concentrations of macrocomponents (Na, K, Mg, Ca, and P) and trace elements (Rb, Cs, Be, Sr, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ag, Sn, Sb, Al, Ga, rare earth elements, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, U, Nb, Ta, B, V, Cr, Ge, As, Mo, and W) were measured in 12 macrophyte species selected in the freshwater part of the Volga mouth area. Close correlations between the average specific contents were established:
-
Evaluation and Adaptation of the Land Degradtion Neutrality Approach to Land Classification Resources in the Kyrgyz Republic Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 T. S. Bobushev; K. E. Sultanaliev
AbstractWork on the study and adaption of the concept and methodological basis of land degradation neutrality (LDN) in the Kyrgyz Republic was launched in 2016 as part of a corresponding project. The Secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) provided the country with a comprehensive set of indicators and information derived from an analysis of global satellite data
-
Ecological Problems of Agricultural Land Use in Stavropol Krai Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 D. A. Shapovalov; P. V. Klyushin; S. V. Savinova
AbstractThe article provides material on the monitoring and analysis of the state and dynamics of the development of erosion processes of agricultural land over a 16-year (2000–2016) period in the districts of Stavropol krai. Currently, the spontaneous decline in agricultural production, which is primarily associated with the agricultural crop, not only contributes to the restoration of natural biological
-
Geoinformational Analysis of Desertification of the Northwestern Caspian Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 K. N. Kulik; V. I. Petrov; V. G. Yuferev; N. A. Tkachenko; S. S. Shinkarenko
AbstractAnalysis of the dynamics of modern desertification of the Northwestern Caspian with the use of geoinformation technologies and aerospace data showed that the area of degraded and desertified lands in the region increases due to an increase in the anthropogenic factor (pasture load). With a relatively stable number of animals, the role of climatic factors increases, which leads to an increase
-
Land Degradation of the Republic of Kalmykia: Problems and Reclamation Methods Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 E. B. Dedova; B. A. Goldvarg; N. L. Tsagan-Mandzhiev
AbstractThe Republic of Kalmykia is located in the European part of the arid belt of the Russian Federation, in which the desertification of a significant part (up to 80%) of its territory is a serious environmental and socioeconomic problem. Thus, of the 6 264 000 ha of agricultural land, 77.9% are subject to various types of degradation, of which 93 960 ha are waterlogged, 526 180 ha are eroded,
-
Land Degradation Dynamics in Rostov Oblast Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 O. S. Bezuglova; O. G. Nazarenko; I. N. Ilyinskaya
AbstractRostov oblast, which is located in southwestern European Russia, is characterized by a temperate continental climate with unstable moisture, dry and hot summers, relatively little snowy winters, and constant winds. The climatic and geomorphological features of the territory, as well as the high agricultural development of land resources, result in the development of a number of degradation
-
Climate-Determined Changes of Organic Carbon Stocks in the Arable Chernozem of Kursk Region Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 O. E. Sukhoveeva; A. N. Zolotukhin; D. V. Karelin
AbstractTwo biogeochemical simulation models describing carbon turnover in soil, the DeNitrification–DeComposition (DNDC) model and the Rothamsted Long-Term Field Experiment Carbon (RothC) model, have been parameterized in accordance with the conditions of arable leached chernozems of Kursk region and validated based on soil СО2 emission measurement data at Kursk Biosphere Station, Institute of Geography
-
Land Degradation Neutrality: the Modern Approach to Research on Arid Regions at the National Level Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 G. S. Kust; O. V. Andreeva; V. A. Lobkovskiy
AbstractThe results of the application of the concept of land degradation neutrality (LDN) and the methodology to assess LDN indicators for arid regions of Russia are presented for the first time. It is shown that the LDN state has not been achieved in any of the arid regions of our country, since the proportion of degraded lands is positive everywhere and ranges from 9 to 67%. The concept of the LDN
-
Assessment of the Spatial and Temporal Variability of Arid Ecosystems in the Republic of Buryatia Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 E. Zh. Garmaev; A. A. Ayurzhanaev; B. Z. Tsydypov; Zh. B. Alymbaeva; B. V. Sodnomov; S. G. Andreev; M. A. Zharnikova; V. S. Batomunkuev; N. Mandakh; T. K. Salikhov; A. K. Tulokhonov
AbstractClimate change and anthropogenic activity in the Republic of Buryatia aggravate the processes of desertification and land degradation. The territory of Buryatia was zoned according to the aridity index based on ENVIREM climate data with a high spatial resolution. Long-term changes in the vegetation cover in arid and humid zones are quantitatively assessed based on a combined study of the time
-
Change of Land Use in Altai Krai: Problems and Prospects for the Achievement of Land Degradation Neutrality Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 D. V. Zolotov; D. V. Chernykh; R. Yu. Biryukov; D. K. Pershin; N. S. Malygina; A. V. Gribkov
AbstractThe article describes the existing climate trends for western Siberia and Altai krai; Forecasts based on two global climate models are made up to 2030. The dynamics of arable and forested areas in Altai krai under conditions of climate siccation (aridization) is analyzed based on the results of the processing of remote-sensing data and official statistics. The trends in the development of the
-
Microelementary Composition of Soils and Steppe Phytocoenoses in the Western Transbaikal Region Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 V. K. Kashin; L. L. Ubugunov
AbstractThe average concentrations of 17 microelements and their variation ranges have been determined in chestnut soils (Kastanozems) and the vegetation of steppe arid ecosystems in the western Transbaikal region. The average concentrations of Li, B, Al, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, and Zr in the soils are consistent with their clarke values, which are accepted as environmental–geochemical standards. The concentrations
-
Adaptation of International Indicators of Land Degradation Neutrality for the Assessment of Forest Ecosystems in Arid Conditions in Russia Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 A. V. Ptichnikov; A. A. Martynyuk
AbstractThis paper addresses a large-scale problem: the degradation of protective forest plantings on arid lands in southern Russia. The degradation is primarily caused by a drastic reduction in the scope of forest-maintenance works carried out by forestry authorities due to cutbacks in funding and changes in ownership rights to lands with field-sheltering forest belts. The deterioration of forest
-
Atmospheric Moisture as a Factor of Land Degradation Neutrality in Forest–Steppe Landscapes Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-05-13 T. M. Kuderina; S. B. Suslova; V. N. Lunin; A. V. Kudikov
AbstractAnalysis of data from meteorological observations near the Kursk Biosphere Station, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, for the past 40 years shows a steady increase in temperature against the background of an increasing deficit of precipitation in this area. At the same time, the precipitation is characterized by a high instability and a contrast distribution by year, as well
-
Landscape Approach to the Modeling of Land-Cover Dynamics with Remote Methods Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 T. I. Kharitonova; N. V. Surkov
AbstractThe article discusses remote methods for the description of the intraseasonal dynamics of soil and vegetation moisture. The field moisture content of the soil and vegetation cover is described by an integral indicator that takes into account the moisture content of the upper soil horizon (5–10 cm), grass phytomass, and leaves of trees and shrubs. The integrated field moisture demonstrates a
-
Meliorative Efficiency of Shrub Coulisses in Arid Pastures of Southern Russia Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 N. V. Tyutyuma; G. K. Bulakhtina; A. V. Kudryashov; N. I. Kudryashova
AbstractThe paper describes a long-term experiment (2008–2018) on the influence of shrub coulisses on the vegetation cover of semidesert, degraded pastures. Changes in the height of the snow cover in winter, the reserve of productive moisture in the soil, the species composition, and the productivity of arid pastures in the dynamics of growth and development of shrub coulisses were studied. The experiments
-
Development of Methodological Approaches for the Assessment of the Status of Irrigated Lands in the South of the European Part of Russia Based on Space-Surveying Materials Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 I. N. Gorokhova; E. I. Pankova; I. N. Chursin
AbstractThe article outlines the main provisions of the methodological approach to the assessment of the condition of irrigated lands in the south of the European part of Russia based on satellite imagery from Landsat-8 satellite and ground-based observations. The visual and automated methods based on it were used to decipher irrigated lands from satellite images, and their possible determination with
-
Evolution of Agricultural Technologies: from “Gray” to “Green” Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 E. M. Gusev
AbstractThe evolution of agricultural technologies in the development of human civilization is considered. Based on this example, it is shown that a new stage in soil cultivation technology began in the 20th century. It is associated with the transition from extensive “gray” technologies for the management of natural resources, which are strictly oriented only by momentary economic feasibility, to
-
Timing and Causes of the Origin of the Solonetz Process in the Desert–Steppe Soils of the Southeastern Russian Plain Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 A. V. Borisov; A. O. Alekseev
AbstractThe article discusses the time frame and the role of the anthropogenic factor in the solonetz process in soils of the desert–steppe zone of the southeastern Russian Plain. Based on the study of soils of different ages buried under the mounds of the Bronze and Middle Ages (6200–700 years ago) within the Salsko–Manych ridge, it was established that the soils of the region did not bear signs of
-
Population and Community Structure Pattern of Juniperous polycarpos K. Koch with Climate Change Effect in the Cold Desert Trans Himalayan Region, India Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 A. Singh; S. S. Samant
Juniperus polycarpos L. is one of the most threatened and livelihood plant species of the Himalayan region. The present study provides information about monitoring of its populations and proliferation rate in high altitude regions of Trans-Himalaya. The survey revealed comprehensive information on J. polycarpos such as distribution range, habitat characteristics, composition, structural pattern, population
-
Soil-Assimilation Potential as a Component of the Soil Passport and the Assimilation Potential of Landscapes Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 N. M. Ismailov; S. I. Nadzhafova; F. Keyseruchskaya; A. S. Gasymova
AbstractThe study object is represented by the dominant soil types of different bioclimatic landscape zones of Azerbaijan. The main research methods were comparative soil-biological. The mean annual assimilation of hydrocarbon contaminants in soils of various bioclimatic landscape zones of Azerbaijan is evaluated for the first time. The results of the studies show that it is possible and necessary
-
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the State of Microbial Communities in Soils of the Steppes of the Volga–Don Interfluve Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 T. S. Demkina
AbstractSoil microorganisms are an integral part of the soil. Almost all of the processes taking place in it are associated to some degree with the vital activity of microorganisms. Therefore, the characteristics of the microbial community are among the most important diagnostic indicators reflecting the conditions of soil formation. Paleosols retain a number of properties from the moment of burial
-
Preserved Sections of Steppes as the Basis for the Future Ecological Framework of Belgorod Oblast Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 A. A. Tishkov; E. A. Belonovskaya; N. I. Zolotukhin; S. V. Titova; N. G. Tsarevskaya; Yu. G. Chendev
AbstractBelgorod oblast is a region of ancient economic development with the highest level of agricultural land use in Russia and, accordingly, the highest level of anthropogenic transformation of zonal vegetation and soils (chernozems). Despite all of the efforts of recent years to improve the conservation of territorial nature in the region, all categories of specially protected territories make
-
Halophilic Microbial Communities and Their Biodiversity in the Arid Regions of the Caspian Lowland Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 E. A. Khalilova; S. Ts. Kotenko; E. A. Islammagomedova; R. Z. Gasanov; A. A. Abakarova; D. A. Aliverdiyeva
AbstractThe spatial distribution of halophilic microbial communities of saline soils and highly mineralized lakes in the arid regions of the Caspian Depression been studied. It is shown that the main components of microbial flora of the Terek-Kumskaya and Terek-Sulakskaya provinces are chemoorganotrophic bacteria of the genera Virgibacillus, Bacillus, Halomonas, and Salimicrobium from the phyla Firmicutes
-
Changes in the Flora Composition of the Volga–Akhtuba Floodplain after Regulation of the Flow of Volga River Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-03-23 V. B. Golub; A. V. Chuvashov; V. V. Bondareva; K. A. Gerasimova; L. F. Nikolaichuk
AbstractStudies were carried out on four stationary transects laid in the Volga–Akhtuba floodplain by the Caspian expedition of Moscow State University in 1954—1955. The transects were reexamined in 1982 and in 2008–2013. The occurrence of the most common plant species in each of the three study periods was assessed. It was established that xerophytization and ruderalization of the flora occurred on
-
Characteristics of Variability in the Water Consumption by Forest and Meadow Ecosystems of the Arid Region of Central and South Ningxia Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-01-27 Li Jinyan
AbstractThe state and development of vegetation cover is an important criterion for the improvement of the ecological environment of arid regions; therefore, the study of the ecological water use of vegetation has become a pressing problem in ecology and hydrology. This study covered eight counties in the central and southern parts of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, which are located from north to south
-
Main Tendencies in the Dynamics of Floodplain Ecosystems and Landscapes of the Lower Reaches of the Syr Darya River under Modern Changing Conditions Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-01-27 Zh. V. Kuz’mina; S. S. Shinkarenko; D. A. Solodovnikov
AbstractThe Aral disaster led to the almost complete loss of the Aral Sea. After the construction of the Kokaral dam in 2005, it became possible to rescue the northern part of the Aral Sea (the Little Aral). Due to natural (climatic) and anthropogenic causes, the flow of the Syr Darya River increased in the beginning of the 21st century, its hydrological regime changed dramatically, spring-summer floods
-
Spatial Organization of the Vegetation and Landscapes of the Sub-Mediterranean Forest and Woodland Belt on the Abrau Peninsula (Northwestern Caucasus) Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-01-27 M. V. Bocharnikov; M. N. Petrushina; E. G. Suslova
AbstractThe article describes patterns in the spatial organization of landscapes and vegetation on the Abrau Peninsula within the Utrish State Nature Reserve and the adjacent territory. The use of ecological and topological profiling and large-scale mapping of the vegetation and landscapes made it possible to evaluate the spatial diversity of unique sub-Mediterranean ecosystems with respect to geological
-
Phytodiversity of Pyrogenic Formations of the Usman Forest (Voronezh Oblast) Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-01-27 A. Ya. Grigor’evskaya; T. A. Devyatova; Yu. S. Gorbunova; N. A. Sorokina
AbstractPostfire (2010) formations of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula (51°48′30.1′′ N, 39°23′58.4′′ E) have been studied. This article presents the results of these studies for 2015–2016. Descriptions of these formations have been carried out since 2012. Methods for the analysis of the structures of plant communities are of especial importance, both for an understanding of their annual ecological
-
Variations in the Botanical Diversity of Forbs–Bunchgrass Steppes of Eastern Mongolia over an 11-Year Period (2008–2018) Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-01-27 G. N. Ogureeva; L. Zhargalsaikhan; T. Yu. Karimova; I. M. Miklyaeva
AbstractThe dynamics of the botanical diversity of plain forbs–bunchgrass steppes is analyzed for the period of 2008–2018 based on materials from the biomonitoring of plant cover at the Tumentsogt experimental station (Eastern Mongolia) as part of the scientific program of an integrated Russian–Mongolian biological expedition. Eight permanent test plots of 100 m2 were laid along the transect on the
-
Assessment of Natural Hazards in the Ile-Balkhash Nature Reserve (Kazakhstan) Arid Ecosyst. Pub Date : 2020-01-27 E. G. Koroleva; T. V. Dikareva; V. A. Dikarev
AbstractThis paper provides a medical–environmental and biogeographical assessment of potential natural hazards in the Ile-Balkhash State Nature Reserve (Republic of Kazakhstan) with consideration of the tourism activities planned there. The exposure factors were analyzed for allergenic and poisonous plants and natural disease foci. The medical–geographical risks are caused by the existence of five
Contents have been reproduced by permission of the publishers.