Abstract A simple, rapid and sensitive screening method by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for the identification of 7 macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin, oleandomycin, spiramycin, tilmicosin, troleandomycin and tylosin) and 8 quinolones (ciprofloxacin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, flumequine, moxifloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and ofloxacin) in meat

Abstract The binding of rhodamine B (RB) to human serum albumin (HSA) in the absence and presence of Cu2+ or Fe3+ under simulated physiological conditions was studied by using various biophysical methods for the first time. The results showed that the interaction between HSA and RB could spontaneously result in the formation of HSA-RB complex (namely, static quenching mechanism) through hydrophobic

Abstract Fertiactyl® is a foliar fertilizer with the potential to minimize the phytotoxicity effects caused by glyphosate drift in eucalyptus plants. As the interactions of the glyphosate and Fertiactyl® in tank mix on the plant behavior are not yet known, the objective was to evaluate the absorption and translocation of 14C-glyphosate, applied isolated and mixed in tank with Fertiactyl®, in young

Abstract Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising technique for rapid detection of pesticide residues. However, conventional SERS substrates require extraction processes which are time consuming and they also lack selectivity, stability and reproducibility. Herein, we present a multifunctional stable zero-valent iron based core-shell substrate. It combines magnetic separation, selective

Abstract The study’s objective was to identify typical aerobic isolates from commercial, corn-soybean meal poultry diets utilizing 16S rDNA, assign them their corresponding taxonomy, and compare the data with the previously published WGS analysis of these same isolates. Ten grams of a commercial corn-soybean meal poultry diet was homogenized in 100 mL of tryptic soy broth for 2 min, serially diluted

Abstract In the present study, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activity of capsaicin and piperine from the ethanolic extract of Capsicum chinense (EECch) and Piper nigrum (EEPn) fruits were investigated. Results revealed that EECch exhibited the highest phenolic (154 mg GAE/100 g of tissue) and flavonoid content (75 mg RtE/100 g of tissue) in comparison with EEPn. The

Abstract The persistence of chlortetracycline in the aquatic environment, including the generation and dissipation of its metabolites, were investigated over a period of 90 days using microcosm experiments, with a view to establishing the metabolites generated and their persistence under conditions closely resembling the actual aquatic environment in terms of chemical and microbial composition. The

Abstract The marsh slug, Deroceras laeve (Müller), is a generalist pest of agricultural crops. Slugs are mainly managed with synthetic pesticides that can also have high toxicity toward vertebrates and nontarget arthropods. Besides, they are not labeled for use in organic crop systems. Bordeaux mixture (BM) is an alternative product often used in organic crops for controlling plant diseases. The molluscicidal

Abstract This study aimed to assess, in a microcosm condition, the efficacy of electrostatic spraying of herbicide imazamox in the control of Salvinia molesta and the effects of decomposition of plant material on water quality. The herbicide rates used were 600, 700, 800, and 900 g ai ha−1 and spray volume of 50 L ha−1 in electrostatic application. Control effectiveness was assessed at 7, 15, 30, 45

Abstract Sugarcane straw may work as a physical barrier for pre-emergent herbicides and interact with their molecules, increasing sorption process. Adjuvants may change herbicides dynamics in the environment and improve their efficiency for weed control. The objective of this work was to evaluate sorption and desorption of pendimethalin alone and in mixture with adjuvant in soil and sugarcane straw

Abstract Large volumes of produced water are generated as a byproduct in activities of oil and gas exploitation, which can be reused in agriculture after a treatment process. Activated sludge treatment has been successfully used to remove oil from wastewater, but systematic studies on the toxicity of this effluent using this treatment are scarce in the literature. In this study, it was investigated

Abstract Enzyme inhibition assay was used as a biomarker for detection of organophosphates pesticides in food and environmental samples. The aim of the present study was to optimize the time of enzyme–inhibitor reaction for quantitative determination of fenitrothion organophosphate based on cholinesterase inhibition. The results showed that this method provides a time-efficient, best linearity and

Abstract The enzymatic electrochemical biosensor has the advantages of simple operation, speed, and integration in the detection of organophosphorus pesticide (OPs) residues. It has the potential to become the best alternative to the traditional OP detection technology. This article introduces the OP identification principle of different enzymes, the OP detection mechanism of several common sensors

Abstract Mefenpyr-diethyl is a safener used for protection of cereal plants under applications of ACCase and ALS inhibitor herbicides. Current studies are describing safeners using a new approach, relating these products to stimulation action on plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the stimulation action of mefenpyr-diethyl on soybean, wheat, and signal grass plants. The experiment was

Abstract Flonicamid is a novel, selective, systemic pyridinecarboxamide insecticide that effectively controls hemipterous pests. Sulfoxaflor, a sulfoximine insecticide, effectively controls many sap-feeding insect pests. Ensifer meliloti CGMCC 7333 transforms flonicamid into N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycinamide (TFNG-AM). Resting cells of E. meliloti CGMCC 7333 (optical density at 600 nm [OD600] = 5)

Abstract Several components of mushroom compost (wheat straw, chicken manure) can be contaminated with mycotoxins posing food health risks to mushroom consumers. To assess the relevance of such contaminations high-throughput analytical methods are needed. In this study, two sample preparation approaches, dilute & shoot (D&S) and modified citrate buffered Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe

Abstract Plant growth can be stimulated by low doses of glyphosate. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of low doses of glyphosate and sowing season on the growth of the early cycle common bean. Two experiments were conducted in the field, the first in the winter and the second in the wet season, with the early cycle common bean cultivar IAC Imperador. The experimental design was

Abstract Pesticide registration ensures the safety of agricultural products; however, the backlog of field samples often requires lengthy storage periods. Thus, the stability of pesticide residues in stored samples is required information for pesticide registration. We monitored the degradation rates of fluroxypyr and halosulfuron-methyl in maize straw, mature maize grain, and fresh corn matrices to

Abstract Twenty-two strains of Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum species complex [THSC], Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum, Trichoderma pleuroti, and Trichoderma pleuroticola) causing green mold disease on edible mushrooms (button mushroom, shiitake and oyster mushroom), collected during 2004–2018 from four countries (Serbia, North Macedonia, Croatia, and Hungary) were examined. Based on their ITS

Abstract A series of ferrocenyl chalcones using acetylferrocene, with ferrocenyl group at the keto carbonyl group, and different aldehydes were synthesized and their bioefficacy evaluation was done against Sclerotium rolfsii, Alternaria solani and Meloidogyne incognita. In continuation of our quest for potent crop protection products, in the present study, a series of 18 substituted ferrocenyl chalcones

Abstract This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil (EO) and its effect in vivo against Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum in postharvest of grapes and in a vineyard. Moreover, grapes collected from de field experiments were used to evaluate the impact of the alternative control on the alcoholic fermentation and wine composition. The major

Abstract Glyphosate is the main herbicide used in soybean crops, and Brazil is one of the major soybean producers around the world. GLY and AMPA were evaluated in 124 surface waters samples of twenty one micro basins in Paraná Basin 3 (State of Parana, Brazil) over six subsequent weeks. A simple and economical routine methodology was established, based on lyophilization as a pre-concentration method

Abstract Dexamethasone (DEX) is a glucocorticoid highly effective as an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant and decongestant drug. In the present study, a preliminary acute toxicity test was assayed in order to determinate DEX median-lethal, lowest-observed-effect and the no-observed-effect concentrations (LC50, LOEC and NOEC, respectively) on the common toad embryos (Rhinella arenarum). Also, morphological

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the risk assessment, median lethal concentration LC50-96h, development, and mortality of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus larvae exposed to atrazine after stress management. An LC50-96h trial was carried out using fish (n = 147; 8.5 ± 1.0 mg; seven larvae/aquarium), which were allocated randomly in 21 aquaria (1 L) and exposed to five concentrations of

Abstract Clarias gariepinus juveniles were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 0 (control), 2.5, 25, 250 and 500 μg L−1 atrazine in a quality-controlled 28-day laboratory procedure. Findings revealed a significant decrease in the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin relative to control (p < 0.05). Atrazine reduced the levels of testosterone while

Abstract The present study investigated integrated effects of two allelopathic plant water extracts (WE) (Ambrosia artemisiifolia [AMBEL] and Xanthium strumarium [XANST]) and a herbicide (mesotrione) on morphological (height and fresh weight of plants) and physiological (pigments content) parameters of Abutilon theophrasti and Chenopodium album. Also, the study aimed to identify the main components

Abstract The application of glyphosate to coffee crops can cause injuries to plants. Fertiactyl® foliar fertilizer reduces injuries when mixed with glyphosate; however, it is important to establish which mechanisms are responsible for this protective action. This study aimed to evaluate the absorption and translocation of glyphosate applied separately and in mixture with Fertiactyl® in coffee seedlings

Abstract Trichlorfon is widely used to control pest insects and various parasitic infestations in agriculture, aquaculture and human medicine. However, the long-term widespread use and overuse of trichlorfon poses risks to public and environmental health. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interference of trichlorfon on gene transcription patterns in the brain of Rana chensinensis with

Abstract In the current scenario of overuse of pesticides (resulting in soil and water pollution and ultimately leading to biomagnification), a research project was carried out to study biodegradation of Triazophos. For this purpose, three bacterial strains (Pseudomonas kilonensis MB490, Pseudomonas kilonensis MB498 and Pseudomonas sp. MB504), isolated from cotton fields of Mianwali, Pakistan were

Abstract The phytotoxic potential of the leaves and twigs of Schumannianthus dichotomus, discarded in the mat-making industry against four test plants (lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)) was investigated and found strong phytotoxic activity. An assay-guided fractionation of S. dichotomus extarcts

Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have entered the ecosystem principally through the application of organic fertilizer. However, factors influencing the contributions made by the prescribers and users thereof with respect to VAs in poultry manure have not been investigated. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to identify factors associated with the VA prescription and usage as well as to measure the

Abstract Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) have entered the ecosystem principally through the application of organic fertilizer. However, factors influencing the contributions made by the prescribers and users thereof with respect to VAs in poultry manure have not been investigated. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to identify factors associated with the VA prescription and usage as well as to measure

Abstract Sorption to roots is one of several mechanisms by which plant-assisted attenuation of antibiotics can be achieved. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the sorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by cattail and switchgrass roots, (2) determine the kinetics of SMX sorption by cattail and switchgrass roots, and (3) characterize the temperature-dependency of SMX sorption. A batch sorption

Abstract Poultry litter soil application contributes to sustainability of agricultural systems and is in accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG). Poultry litter recommended rates are based on crop nitrogen (N) needs, however, their application can be a potential source of antibiotics and trace elements overload. The aim of the study was to estimate the role of poultry

Abstract Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are major players in cellular responses to xenobiotic compounds and toxins. However, their functions in organophosphate-induced cytotoxicity remain unclear. This study investigated the involvement of miR-96-5p in the non-cholinergic toxicity of malathion in normal human kidney cells (HK-2 cells). Malathion decreased HK-2 cell viability and the expression of miR-96-5p in

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides levels in water samples collected in secondary water bodies in agricultural area planted with coffee and plantain. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A validated method for microwave-assisted extraction and gas chromatography with electron microcapture detector (MAE-GC-μECD) was

Activated biocarbons were prepared using biomass wastes: sugarcane bagasse, coconut shell and endocarp of babassu coconut; as a renewable source of low-cost raw materials and without prior treatments. These activated biocarbons were characterized by textural analysis, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. Textural analysis results

Considering the increase in agricultural production in Tocantins and in the use of pesticides for such production, this work investigates the levels of pesticide residues in different environmental compartments (soil, sediment, and water samples) of the Formoso River in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. The presence of pesticides of the triazine, triazole, and benzimidazole classes was analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS

Herbicide use, mainly glyphosate, has been intense in worldwide agriculture, including in the Brazilian Amazon region. This study aimed to validate a method for determining glyphosate and its degradation product, AMPA, and glufosinate by HPLC-FL in 58 water samples collected at the Santarém plateau region (Planalto Santareno), in the western of Pará state, Brazil. The method involves filtration and

Organophosphorus pesticides induce gender-specific developmental neurotoxicity after birth, especially in adolescents and adults. However, whether and when the selectivity occurs in fetus remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed chlorpyrifos (CPF)-induced neurotoxicity in the early fetal brains of male and female mice. The gestational dams were administered 0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/(kg.d) CPF during gestational

The use of vegetable waste and its screening for potential cytotoxicity is of utmost importance to ensure its safe use in the feed industry for fish and other animals. We evaluated aqueous and ethanolic extracts of cooked Araucaria angustifolia seed coats. The Stiasny index for the aqueous and ethanolic extracts was 2.87% ± 0.03% and 60.53% ± 4.79%, respectively. Condensed tannins were 11-fold higher

Fumigation is required as an appropriate biosecurity measure to exterminate insect pests in shipping containers. The aim of this study was to determine if ethyl formate (EF) + nitrogen could be safely applied as an in-transit fumigant for containers transported on land and then by sea. In-transit fumigation trials were conducted in four 20 ft shipping containers during a four-day journey in December

The present study was carried out with the objectives to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk and identification of associated risk factors from three different types of animal farming systems. A total of 189 pooled raw milk samples were tested for AFM1 with enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) as screening and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus parasiticus are toxic and carcinogenic metabolites. The biosynthesis of this mycotoxins is a complex process and involves at least 30 genes clustered within an approximately 82 kB gene cluster. In the present study, the effect of Capsicum chinense and Piper nigrum fruits on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production were studied in relation to the expression

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar on the growth and uptake of Pb and Zn by tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum, L.) cultivated in two highly contaminated Kosovo soils, A and B. Plants were cultivated in the biochar amended and unamended soils. As expected, the biochar addition to the two polluted soils has contributed to significantly improve the crop yields

Tylosin fermentation dregs (TFDs) are biosolid waste of antibiotics tylosin production process which contain nutritious components and may be recycled as soil amendments. However, the specific ecological safety of TFDs from the perspective of bacterial resistance in soil microenvironment is not fully explored. In the present study, a series of replicated lab-scale work were performed using the simulated

Abstract Bentazone degradation efficiency and mineralization in water solutions using chlorine dioxide treatment were evaluated. Double distilled water and a river water sample spiked with bentazone were studied and compared after chlorine dioxide treatment. Degradation efficiency was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Daphnia magna toxicity testing and total organic carbon

Abstract The oxidation activity of multicopper-oxidases overlaps with different substrates of laccases and bilirubin oxidases, thus in the present study an integrated approach of bioinformatics using homology modeling, docking, and experimental validation was used to confirm the type of multicopper-oxidase in Myrothecium verrucaria ITCC-8447. The result of peptide sequence of M. verrucaria ITCC-8447

Abstract Application of municipal biosolids in agriculture present a concern with potential uptake and bioaccumulation of pharmaceutical compounds from biosolids into agronomic plants. We evaluated the efficacy of biochar as a soil amendment to minimize uptake of antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, triclocarban, and triclosan) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and carrot (Daucus carota) plants. Biochar

The present study addresses the herbicidal activity and biological effects of the metribuzin (MET) and tribenuron-methyl (TBM) herbicides used to control various weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus, Sinapis arvensis, and Leucanthemum maximum). The effects of the free herbicides and the herbicides embedded in granules of degradable polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] blended with birch wood flour

Adsorption of molecules to the cell walls of microorganisms plays an important role in helping to prevent animal exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic effects of aflatoxins (AFs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of LAB strains, isolated from brewers’ grains, to adsorb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). All LAB were able to reduce the bioavailability of AFB1 from phosphate buffered-saline (PBS)

Abstract Adsorption of molecules to the cell walls of microorganisms plays an important role in helping to prevent animal exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic effects of aflatoxins (AFs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of LAB strains, isolated from brewers’ grains, to adsorb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). All LAB were able to reduce the bioavailability of AFB1 from phosphate buffered-saline

Abstract The present study addresses the herbicidal activity and biological effects of the metribuzin (MET) and tribenuron-methyl (TBM) herbicides used to control various weed species (Amaranthus retroflexus, Sinapis arvensis, and Leucanthemum maximum). The effects of the free herbicides and the herbicides embedded in granules of degradable polymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] blended with birch

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine bixafen and fipronil residues in domestic and industrial wastewater, soil and mint samples by binary dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (BDLLME) prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Extraction efficiency for the selected analytes was improved by optimizing the parameters such as solvent type, ratio and volume, dispersive

Abstract In the present work, persistence and degradation of cyantraniliprole, a leading anthranilic diamide pesticide against sucking insect pests, in inceptisol soil has been studied. Effect of various factors like light source (UV-light, sunlight and dark), temperature (5, 25 and 37 °C), moisture regime (dry, field capacity and submerged) and carbon dioxide level (415 and 625 µL L−1) on dissipation

Abstract A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was validated for the simultaneous determination of penconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, deltamethrin, azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl in paddy rice irrigation water. Different SPME fiber coatings and pH values were tested. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and pH 7 were chosen to optimize extraction

Abstract Ipomoea species are troublesome weeds in crop systems through Brazil. Drought stress typically reduces glyphosate efficacy by reducing the foliar uptake of herbicides and their translocation. Using both glyphosate tolerant (GT) and sensitive (GS) plants from Ipomoea grandifolia, I. indivisa and I. purpurea species, this research aimed to (a) correlate amounts of epicuticular wax and tolerance

Abstract Enantioselective biodegradation of racemic dichlorprop in two soils was investigated in the laboratory. Chiral separation of racemic dichlorprop was achieved by using HPLC with Phenomenex Lux Amylose-2. The first-order kinetic model fitted well the dissipation data of racemic dichlorprop and its pure R- and S-enantiomers. S-dichlorprop was preferentially degraded in both soils and enantioselectivity

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in three different ages (half-, 1.5-, 2.5-year-old) for needles and semi permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) at three deployment periods from sea level to 1881 meter above sea level. Individual HCHs concentrations ranged between 1.4 and 129 pg/g fw depending on the age and sampling season while 2.5-year-old needles showed higher HCHs levels compared to

In order to solve the problem of heavy metal-organic compound soil pollution, in this paper, we developed a highly efficient electro kinetic-laccase combined remediation (EKLCR) system. The results showed that the EKLCR system had an obvious migration effect on heavy metals (copper and cadmium) and good migration-degradation effect on phenanthrene. The migration rates of copper and cadmium were 48