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Drivers of international fire management personnel deployed to the United States Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Sunniva Bloem, Alison C. Cullen, John T. Abatzoglou, Linda O. Mearns, Erin Belval
Background The rising occurrence of simultaneous large wildfires has put strain on United States national fire management capacity leading to increasing reliance on assistance from partner nations abroad. However, limited analysis exists on international resource-sharing patterns and the factors influencing when resources are requested and deployed. Aims This study examines the drivers of international
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An escape route planning model based on wildfire prediction information and travel rate of firefighters Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Junhao Sheng, Xingdong Li, Xinyu Wang, Yangwei Wang, Sanping Li, Dandan Li, Shufa Sun, Lijun Zhao
Background When firefighters evacuate from wildfires, escape routes are crucial safety measures, providing pre-defined pathways to a safety zone. Their key evaluation criterion is the time it takes for firefighters to travel along the planned escape routes. Aims While shorter travel times can help firefighters reach safety zones faster, this may expose them to the threat of wildfires. Therefore, the
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Spatial and temporal opportunities for forest resilience promoted by burn severity attenuation across a productivity gradient in north western Patagonia Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Florencia Tiribelli, Juan Paritsis, Iván Barberá, Thomas Kitzberger
Background Fire regimes in many biomass-rich ecosystems worldwide are dominated by high-severity fires. Many of these systems lack fire-resistant traits or post-fire regeneration strategies. Understanding under which environmental and weather conditions they experience less severe fire is crucial for maintaining their persistence in the landscape. Aims Understand the spatial and temporal conditions
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Impacts of changing fire regimes on hollow-bearing trees in south-eastern Australia Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Philip Gibbons, Dejan Stojanovic, David B. Lindenmayer, Giselle Owens
Background Many species use hollows or cavities that form in trees. The effect of an increasing fire frequency on hollow-bearing trees is unclear. Aims To predict the effects of increasing fire frequency on the abundance of hollow-bearing trees and identify how to make forests more resilient to these changes. Methods We simulated how increasing fire frequency will affect the abundance of hollow-bearing
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BARA: cellular automata simulation of multidimensional smouldering in peat with horizontally varying moisture contents Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Dwi M. J. Purnomo, Eirik G. Christensen, Nieves Fernandez-Anez, Guillermo Rein
Background Smouldering peatland wildfires can last for months and create a positive feedback for climate change. These flameless, slow-burning fires spread horizontally and vertically and are strongly influenced by peat moisture content. Most models neglect the non-uniform nature of peat moisture. Aims We conducted a computational study into the spread behaviour of smouldering peat with horizontally
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Ingesting GOES-16 fire radiative power retrievals into Warn-on-Forecast System for Smoke (WoFS-Smoke) Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Thomas Jones, Ravan Ahmadov, Eric James, Gabriel Pereira, Saulo Freitas, Georg Grell
Background The record number of wildfires in the United States in recent years has led to an increased focus on developing tools to accurately forecast their impacts at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Aims The Warn-on-Forecast System for Smoke (WoFS-Smoke) was developed to improve these forecasts using wildfire properties retrieved from satellites to generate smoke plumes in the system. Methods
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Factors influencing wildfire management decisions after the 2009 US federal policy update Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Stephen D. Fillmore, Sarah McCaffrey, Rachel Bean, Alexander M. Evans, Jose Iniguez, Andrea Thode, Alistair M. S. Smith, Matthew P. Thompson
Background The decision making process undertaken during wildfire responses is complex and prone to uncertainty. In the US, decisions federal land managers make are influenced by numerous and often competing factors. Aims To assess and validate the presence of decision factors relevant to the wildfire decision making context that were previously known and to identify those that have emerged since the
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Accounting for among-sampler variability improves confidence in fuel moisture content field measurements Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Kerryn Little, Laura J. Graham, Nicholas Kettridge
Background Direct fuel moisture content measurements are critical for characterising spatio-temporal variations in fuel flammability and for informing fire danger assessments. However, among-sampler variability (systematic differences in measurements between samplers) likely contributes to fuel moisture measurement variability in most field campaigns. Aims We assessed the magnitude of among-sampler
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Forest fire progress monitoring using dual-polarisation Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images combined with multi-scale segmentation and unsupervised classification Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Age Shama, Rui Zhang, Ting Wang, Anmengyun Liu, Xin Bao, Jichao Lv, Yuchun Zhang, Guoxiang Liu
Background The cloud-penetrating and fog-penetrating capability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) give it the potential for application in forest fire progress monitoring; however, the low extraction accuracy and significant salt-and-pepper noise in SAR remote sensing mapping of the burned area are problems. Aims This paper provides a method for accurately extracting the burned area based on fully
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Phosphorus chemistry in plant charcoal: interplay between biomass composition and thermal condition Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Yudi Wu, Lois M. Pae, Rixiang Huang
Background Vegetation fire may change Phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems through converting biomass into fire residues. Aim The aim of this study was to understand the chemistry and mobility of P in fire residues to help reveal P thermochemistry during biomass burning and post-fire P cycling. Methods A combination of sequential extraction, liquid 31P NMR and P K-edge XANES was used to
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Associations between Australian climate drivers and extreme weekly fire danger Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Rachel Taylor, Andrew G. Marshall, Steven Crimp, Geoffrey J. Cary, Sarah Harris, Samuel Sauvage
Aims We investigate the associations between major Australian climate drivers and extreme weekly fire danger throughout the year. Methods We use a composite-based approach, relating the probability of top-decile observed potential fire intensity to the positive and negative modes of the El Niño Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, Madden–Julian Oscillation, Southern Annular Mode, split-flow blocking
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The role of people, parks and precipitation on the frequency and timing of fires in a sub-Saharan savanna ecosystem Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Julius R. Dewald, Jane Southworth, Imelda K. Moise
Background The Lupande Game Management Area (GMA) and the adjacent South Luangwa National Park (NP) in Zambia allow comparison of fire regimes in African savannas with different human densities. Aims To investigate humans’ effects on fire regimes within a sub-Saharan savanna ecosystem. Methods We delineated burned areas for the Lupande GMA and South Luangwa NP using 156 Landsat images from 1989 to
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Occupational and environmental factors influencing morale of United States federal wildland firefighters Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Rachel M. Granberg, Ting Shen, Seth W. Pearson, Robin M. Verble
Background Wildland firefighters have physically and psychologically demanding jobs that can result in social, economic and health-related stress. Previous studies have examined the physiological and physical effects of a career in wildland fire, but fewer studies have addressed psychological effects, and to date, none have directly analysed the hiring and work experiences of wildland firefighters
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Using PODs to integrate fire and fuels planning Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 William C. Buettner, Tyler A. Beeton, Courtney A. Schultz, Michael D. Caggiano, Michelle S. Greiner
Background Potential Wildfire Operational Delineations (PODs) were developed as a pre-season planning tool to promote safe and effective fire response. Past research on PODs has identified uses in an incident management context. There has been little research on how PODs are being utilised in non-incident management contexts to align forest and wildfire planning objectives. Aims We sought to understand
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Grasshopper abundance and offtake increase after prescribed fire in semi-arid grassland Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Nicholas Gregory Heimbuch, Devan Allen McGranahan, Carissa L. Wonkka, Lance T. Vermeire, David H. Branson
Background Fire modulates herbivore dynamics in open ecosystems. While extensive work demonstrates the interaction between fire and vertebrate grazers, less research describes how grasshopper herbivory dynamics respond to fire. Aim We examined how fire increased grass crude protein content and increased the density of and offtake by grasshoppers relative to unburned mixed-grass prairie. Methods We
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Drivers of wildfire burn severity in the montane rainforests of northern Vietnam Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-02 Pham T. Trang, Neal J. Enright, Thuan Chu, Margaret E. Andrew
Background Fire impacts and drivers of wildfire burn severity remain poorly understood for tropical forests. Aims To assess variation and environmental drivers of burn severity for nine forest fires in northern Vietnam. Methods Burn severity was estimated from satellite image analyses, and associations with a remotely sensed index of annual fuel production, topographic factors (elevation, slope, aspect)
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Fighting wildfires: predicting initial attack success across Victoria, Australia Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-02 M. P. Plucinski, S. Dunstall, N. F. McCarthy, S. Deutsch, E. Tartaglia, C. Huston, A. G. Stephenson
Background The small portion of fires that escape initial attack (IA) have the greatest impacts on communities and incur most suppression costs. Early identification of fires with potential for escaping IA can prompt fire managers to order additional suppression resources, issue timely public warnings and plan longer-term containment strategies when they have the greatest potential for reducing a fire’s
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Impact of fire suppressant on seed germination and seedling emergence of native and introduced flora from a Western Australian eucalypt woodland Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Zoe Webber, Richard Harris, Shane Turner, Simone Pedrini
Background Phos-Chek WD881A is a short-term retardant used by fire-fighters in Western Australia to suppress and control the movement of fire across the landscape. It is currently applied at a working concentration of 0.1–1%. Aim Our objective was to assess and quantify the impact of the suppressant on seed germination and seedling emergence across eight native and two weed species commonly found in
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Effect of tree wood density on energy release and charcoal reflectance under constant heat exposure Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Alastair J. Crawford, Ted R. Feldpausch, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Edmar A. de Oliveira, Claire M. Belcher
Background Charcoal increases in reflectance with increased intensity and/or duration of heating, and this has been proposed as a potential quantitative metric for fire severity. Because fuel properties also influence reflectance, relationships between heat exposure and reflectance must currently be considered fuel-specific, limiting the application of the method. Aims We assessed the effect of wood
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Delayed effect of thermal treatment on breaking physical seed dormancy: intrapopulation variation and implications for soil seed banks Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Miguel A. Copete Carreño, Elena Copete Carreño, Pablo Ferrandis Gotor, Jose M. Herranz Sanz
Background Many studies have focused on the dormancy-breaking response to heat treatment of freshly matured seeds and immediately after thermal shock. Aims We evaluated whether the full effect of dry heat scarification in freshly matured seeds could be delayed over time and the possible influence of previous storage in the soil. Methods Adenocarpus argyrophyllus was the model species selected to explore
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A high-resolution large-eddy simulation framework for wildland fire predictions using TensorFlow Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Qing Wang, Matthias Ihme, Rod R. Linn, Yi-Fan Chen, Vivian Yang, Fei Sha, Craig Clements, Jenna S. McDanold, John Anderson
Background Wildfires are becoming more severe, so we need improved tools to predict them over a wide range of conditions and scales. One approach towards this goal entails the use of coupled fire/atmosphere modelling tools. Although significant progress has been made in advancing their physical fidelity, existing tools have not taken full advantage of emerging programming paradigms and computing architectures
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Numerical simulation of two parallel merging wildfires Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Rahul Wadhwani, Duncan Sutherland, Khalid Moinuddin, Xinyan Huang
Background Wildfire often shows complex dynamic behaviour due to the inherent nature of ambient conditions, vegetation and ignition patterns. Merging fire is one such dynamic behaviour that plays a critical role in the safety of structures and firefighters. Aim & method The aim of this study was to develop better insight and understanding of the interaction of parallel merging firelines, using a numerical
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Physics-based modelling for mapping firebrand flux and heat load on structures in the wildland–urban interface Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Amila Wickramasinghe, Nazmul Khan, Alexander Filkov, Khalid Moinuddin
Background This study investigates firebrand and heat flux exposures of structures in the wildland–urban interface (WUI). Australian Building Standard AS3959 defines Bushfire Attack Levels (BALs) based on radiant heat flux exposure of properties at the WUI. Despite the fact that firebrands are one of the main causes of house losses in the WUI, firebrand attack levels on houses are still not quantified
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Mapping the probability of wildland fire occurrence in Central America, and identifying the key factors Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Miguel Conrado Valdez, Chi-Farn Chen, Santos Daniel Chicas, Nobuya Mizoue
Background Wildland fires are part of the ecology of forests in Central America. Nevertheless, limited understanding of fire probability and the factors that influence it hinder the planning of intervention strategies. Aims This research combined climatic, anthropogenic and vegetation factors to identify wildland fire probability and determine the most relevant factors. Methods We performed an exploratory
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Numerical simulation of aerial liquid drops of Canadair CL-415 and Dash-8 airtankers Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Corentin Calbrix, Alexei Stoukov, Axelle Cadiere, Benoit Roig, Dominique Legendre
Background Airtankers are able to drop volumes of liquid (suppressant or fire retardant) varying from less than 1 m3 to several tens of cubic metres directly on a fire or with the objective to form barriers of retardant to stop or reduce fire propagation. Aims The objective of this work is to demonstrate that Computational Fluid Dynamics can be used to provide a deep understanding of liquid fragmentation
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Measuring the long-term costs of uncharacteristic wildfire: a case study of the 2010 Schultz Fire in Northern Arizona Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Evan E. Hjerpe, Melanie M. Colavito, Catrin M. Edgeley, Jack T. Burnett, Thomas Combrink, Diane Vosick, Andrew Sánchez Meador
Background: Wildfires often have long-lasting costs that are difficult to document and are rarely captured in full. Aims: We provide an example for measuring the full costs of a single wildfire over time, using a case study from the 2010 Schultz Fire near Flagstaff, Arizona, to enhance our understanding of the long-term costs of uncharacteristic wildfire. Methods: We conducted a partial remeasurement
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Extending methods for assessing fuel hazard in temperate Australia to enhance data quality and consistency Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Bianca J. Pickering, Lauren T. Bennett, Jane G. Cawson
Background Assessments of fuel (vegetation) are needed to predict fire behaviour. Broad visual methods support quick in-field management decisions but can be too imprecise to detect variations in fuel for other purposes. Aims We evaluated the utility of integrating more comprehensive fuel measurement techniques into an existing visual fuel hazard assessment method. Methods We developed an extended
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Transitioning operational satellite grassland curing from MODIS to VIIRS Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Danielle Wright, Leon Majewski
Background: In Australia, grassland curing (senescence) is an essential component in fire danger calculations. In seven (out of eight) states/territories in Australia, operational curing data are derived from the MapVictoria satellite model. From 2013 to 2023, MapVictoria data have been calculated using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from the Terra satellite. Terra has exceeded
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Quantifying the flammability of living plants at the branch scale: which metrics to use? Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 J. G. Cawson, J. E. Burton, B. J. Pickering, V. Demetriou, A. I. Filkov
Background: Plant flammability is an important factor in fire behaviour and post-fire ecological responses. There is consensus about the broad attributes (or axes) of flammability but little consistency in their measurement. Aims: We sought to provide a pathway towards greater consistency in flammability research by identifying a subset of preferred flammability metrics for living plants. Methods:
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Effects of the wildfires in August 2021 on the air quality of Athens through a numerical simulation Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Tobias Osswald, Carla Gama, Ana Patrícia Fernandes, Diogo Lopes, Vassiliki Varela, Ana Isabel Miranda
Background: Air quality deteriorates significantly during wildfire events, which poses a risk for the health of affected human populations. The Mediterranean Basin was strongly impacted by wildfires during the 2021 fire season, particularly in Greece. Aims: This work aims at estimating the impact of the Greek wildfires of August 2021 on the air quality in Athens. Methods: The numerical modelling system
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Exploring the influence of the Keetch–Byram Drought Index and McArthur’s Drought Factor on wildfire incidence in Victoria, Australia Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 M. P. Plucinski, E. Tartaglia, C. Huston, A. G. Stephenson, S. Dunstall, N. F. McCarthy, S. Deutsch
Background: Wildfires are thought to become more prevalent during periods of extended dry weather. This issue is examined using two dryness metrics commonly applied in Australian fire management agencies. Aims: This paper investigated links between wildfire incidence and the Keetch–Byram Drought Index (KBDI) and McArthur’s Drought Factor (DF) across the state of Victoria, Australia. Methods: Weather
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Improved logistic models of crown fire probability in Canadian conifer forests Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Daniel D. B. Perrakis, Miguel G. Cruz, Martin E. Alexander, Chelene C. Hanes, Dan K. Thompson, Stephen W. Taylor, Brian J. Stocks
Background: Crown fires are an ecologically necessary but hazardous process in conifer forests. Prediction of their behaviour in Canada has largely depended on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction System, in which fire weather indices drive primarily fixed fuel type models. The Crown Fire Initiation and Spread (CFIS) system presents a more flexible approach to predicting crown fire occurrence
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Effect of initial generating eddy height on formation and flame geometry of fire whirl Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-15 Congcong Ji, Naian Liu, Jiao Lei, Linhe Zhang, Xiaodong Xie, Yang Zhang
Background: Fire whirl is an extreme fire behaviour in wildland fires, and an essential factor for its formation is the surrounding generating eddy. No systematic experimental study has been conducted on natural fire whirls with varying heights of the initial generating eddy. Aims: The aim of this research was to provide a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of initial generating eddy height
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Predicting burn severity for integration with post-fire debris-flow hazard assessment: a case study from the Upper Colorado River Basin, USA Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-14 Adam G. Wells, Todd J. Hawbaker, J. Kevin Hiers, Jason Kean, Rachel A. Loehman, Paul F. Steblein
Background: Burn severity significantly increases the likelihood and volume of post-wildfire debris flows. Pre-fire severity predictions can expedite mitigation efforts because precipitation contributing to these hazards often occurs shortly after wildfires, leaving little time for post-fire planning and management. Aim: The aim of this study was to predict burn severity using pre-fire conditions of
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FireFormer: an efficient Transformer to identify forest fire from surveillance cameras Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-14 Yuming Qiao, Wenyu Jiang, Fei Wang, Guofeng Su, Xin Li, Juncai Jiang
Background: An effective identification model is crucial to realise the real-time monitoring and early warning of forest fires from surveillance cameras. However, existing models are prone to generate numerous false alarms under the interference of artificial smoke such as industrial smoke and villager cooking smoke, therefore a superior identification model is urgently needed. Aims: In this study
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The threatened Gouldian finch preferentially forages in prescribed burnt savannas Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Sydney J. Collett, Ian J. Radford, Mirjam Kaestli, Tara L. Crewe, Stephen T. Garnett, Hamish A. Campbell
Background: The granivorous finches of Australia’s tropical savannas heavily rely on a sequence of perennial and annual grass seed production to feed throughout the year. An increase in late dry season wildfires has been suggested to detrimentally effect seed production sequence and has been attributed to poor physiological condition and a reduction in fitness of granivorous finches. Early dry season
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On the interaction of wind, fire intensity and downslope terrain with implications for building standards in wildfire-prone areas Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Ali Edalati-nejad, Maryam Ghodrat, Jason J. Sharples
Background: Wildfires can have detrimental impacts on the environment and urban structures when they spread from wildland areas. Aims: In this work, a numerical study was performed to investigate the effect of downslope terrain on fire-induced flows in the presence of a building structure. Fires with intensities of 4 and 15 MW m−1 were considered on inclined terrain with downslope angles varying from
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Future regional increases in simultaneous large Western USA wildfires Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Seth McGinnis, Lee Kessenich, Linda Mearns, Alison Cullen, Harry Podschwit, Melissa Bukovsky
Background: Wildfire simultaneity affects the availability and distribution of resources for fire management: multiple small fires require more resources to fight than one large fire does. Aims: The aim of this study was to project the effects of climate change on simultaneous large wildfires in the Western USA, regionalised by administrative divisions used for wildfire management. Methods: We modelled
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Estimating Mediterranean stand fuel characteristics using handheld mobile laser scanning technology Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Kadir Alperen Coskuner, Can Vatandaslar, Murat Ozturk, Ismet Harman, Ertugrul Bilgili, Uzay Karahalil, Tolga Berber, Esra Tunc Gormus
Background: Accurate, timely and easily obtainable information on stand fuel is of great importance in the prediction of fire behaviour. Aims: The objective of this study is to measure several stand fuel characteristics with handheld mobile laser scanning (HMLS) in six fuel types for Mediterranean region, and compare the results with traditional field fuel measurements (FFM) in 35 different sampling
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Systematising experts’ understanding of traditional burning in Portugal: a mental model approach Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Mayara Emilia Barbosa Souza, Abílio Pereira Pacheco, Jorge Grenha Teixeira
Background: Traditional burning is a practice with social and ecological value used worldwide. However, given the often improper and negligent use of fire, this practice is often associated with rural fire ignitions. Aims: Systematise experts’ understanding of traditional burning and identify its challenges in the Portuguese context. Methods: Twenty-eight Portuguese experts from industry, academia
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A phenology-driven fire danger index for northern grasslands Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Johan Sjöström, Anders Granström
Background: Directly after snowmelt, northern grasslands typically have highly flammable fuel-beds consisting of 100% grass litter. With green-up, the addition of high-moisture foliage leads to progressively decreasing fire hazard. Aims: Our aim was to create a fire-danger index for northern grasslands that incorporated grass phenology. Methods: We made use of 25 years of Swedish wildfire data and
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A conservation-significant threatened mammal uses fire exclusions and shifts ranges in the presence of prescribed burning Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Leticia F. Povh, Nicole Willers, Jill M. Shephard, Patricia A. Fleming
Background: Understanding how animals change their use of space following prescribed burning is essential for effective conservation management, particularly a threatened species such as the quokka (Setonix brachyurus). Aims: To determine how individual quokkas change their home ranges following burns. Methods: The movement patterns of 20 quokkas were tracked before and after prescribed burns between
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Vegetation-derived pyrogenic carbon degradation and stabilisation in UK peatlands Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Oscar J. Kennedy-Blundell, Emma L. Shuttleworth, James J. Rothwell, Gareth D. Clay
Background: Strongly varying timescales of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) degradation have been observed across depositional settings. To date, PyC degradation in UK peatlands has had limited investigation. Aims: This study aims to evaluate how PyC recalcitrance relates to differing production characteristics, fuels and duration of exposure in UK peatlands. Methods: PyC samples produced from key peatland vegetation
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Heading and backing fire behaviours mediate the influence of fuels on wildfire energy Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Joseph D. Birch, Matthew B. Dickinson, Alicia Reiner, Eric E. Knapp, Scott N. Dailey, Carol Ewell, James A. Lutz, Jessica R. Miesel
Background: Pre-fire fuels, topography, and weather influence wildfire behaviour and fire-driven ecosystem carbon loss. However, the pre-fire characteristics that contribute to fire behaviour and effects are often understudied for wildfires because measurements are difficult to obtain. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relative contribution of pre-fire conditions to fire energy and the role
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Calculating fire danger of cured grasslands in temperate climates – the elements of the Grassland Fire Index (GLFI) Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 K.-P. Wittich, C. Böttcher, P. Stammer, M. Herbst
Background: Increasing extreme weather events due to climate change require updated environmental monitoring and prediction systems in Germany. Aim: The Grassland Fire Index (GLFI), developed by the German Meteorological Service ~15 years ago for temperate climates, was revised to improve fire-danger predictions during the fire season. Our paper gives insight into the new model version. Methods: The
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The effect of fuel bed structure on Rothermel model performance Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Zakary Campbell-Lochrie, Michael Gallagher, Nicholas Skowronski, Rory M. Hadden
Background: Fifty years after its initial publication, Rothermel’s model continues to underpin many operational fire modelling tools. Past authors have, however, suggested a possible oversensitivity of the Rothermel model to fuel depth in certain fuel types. Aims: To evaluate Rothermel model performance based on previous observations of the effect of fuel structure on flame spread through porous fuel
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Fireline production rate of handcrews in wildfires of the Spanish Mediterranean region Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Macarena Ortega, Francisco Rodríguez y Silva, Juan Ramón Molina
Background: Handcrews dig handlines to bare mineral soil for fire containment. Increasing the amount of firefighting resources is insufficient to mitigate wildfire damage or decrease the number of large fires. Aims: This study aims to empirically assess handcrew fireline production rates through direct monitoring of suppression actions on active wildfires. Methods: A database was created from information
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Performance of operational fire spread models in California Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 Adrián Cardil, Santiago Monedero, Phillip SeLegue, Miguel Ángel Navarrete, Sergio de-Miguel, Scott Purdy, Geoff Marshall, Tim Chavez, Kristen Allison, Raúl Quilez, Macarena Ortega, Carlos A. Silva, Joaquin Ramirez
Background: Wildfire simulators allow estimating fire spread and behaviour in complex environments, supporting planning and analysis of incidents in real time. However, uncertainty derived from input data quality and model inherent inaccuracies may undermine the utility of such predictions. Aims: We assessed the performance of fire spread models for initial attack incidents used in California through
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Assessing the role played by meteorological conditions on the interannual variability of fire activity in four subregions of Iberia Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Sílvia A. Nunes, Carlos C. DaCamara, José M. C. Pereira, Ricardo M. Trigo
Background: The Iberian Peninsula is recurrently affected by severe wildfires resulting from an interplay of human activities, landscape features and atmospheric conditions. Aims: The role played by atmospheric conditions on wildfire activity in 2001–2020 is assessed in four pyroregions of the Iberian Peninsula. Methods: Wildfire activity is characterised by Fire Radiative Power (FRP) and meteorological
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Evaluating the Drought Code for lowland taiga of Interior Alaska using eddy covariance measurements Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Eric A. Miller, Hiroki Iwata, Masahito Ueyama, Yoshinobu Harazono, Hideki Kobayashi, Hiroki Ikawa, Robert Busey, Go Iwahana, Eugénie S. Euskirchen
Background: The Drought Code (DC) of the Canadian Fire Weather Index System (CFWIS) has been intuitively regarded by fire managers in Alaska, USA, as poorly representing the moisture content in the forest floor in lowland taiga forests on permafrost soils. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the DC using its own framework of water balance as cumulative additions of daily precipitation and substractions
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Severe, large-scale bushfire threatens metapopulation function of quokka (Setonix brachyurus) in south-western Australia Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Karlene Bain, Merril Halley, Adrian Wayne
Background: The risk of large, severe bushfires is increasing in Australia, and little is known about their impact on threatened species. Aims: This study aimed to investigated the abundance, occupancy and metapopulation structure of the quokka (Setonix brachyurus) for 5 years following a large, severe bushfire in Western Australia. Methods: Data collected across spatiotemporally replicated transects
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Parametric evaluation of heat transfer mechanisms in a WUI fire scenario Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Cesare Fiorini, Hélder D. Craveiro, Aldina Santiago, Luís Laím, Luís Simões da Silva
Background: Wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires are becoming more frequent and catastrophic as they are associated with the effects of climate change, demographic pressure, human activities, abandonment of rural areas and activities promoting dangerous fuel continuity. For example, in the central regions of Portugal, Chile and California, severe direct and indirect impacts have been observed, with
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Fire on a tropical floodplain: a fine-scale fire history of coastal floodplains in the Northern Territory, Australia Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Robin Leppitt, Jay Evans, Luke Einoder, Peter M. Kyne, John C. Z. Woinarski, Stephen T. Garnett
Background: The coastal floodplains of northern Australia are fire-prone, but the impact of fire on floodplain biota is not well understood. Aims: In this study, we sought to characterise the fire history of six adjacent floodplains in coastal Northern Territory, Australia. Methods: We built a fine-scale 31-year fire history (1988–2018) to compare fire regimes on floodplains across land tenures and
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Post-wildfire contamination of soils and sediments by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in north-central British Columbia, Canada Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 K. A. Kieta, P. N. Owens, E. L. Petticrew
Background: The Nechako River Basin (NRB) is a large, regulated basin in north-central British Columbia, Canada that has been impacted by numerous landscape disturbances, including a severe wildfire in 2018. Aims: The aims of this study were to quantify the post-wildfire temporal and spatial extent of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of both soils and riverine sediments, and
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Assessment of wildland firefighter opinions and experiences related to incident medical providers Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-15 Mark Hoffman, Valerie Moody, Viktor E. Bovbjerg, Isabella Callis, Zachary Snauer
Background: Medical services for wildland fire incidents are vital and fire personnel need to be comfortable seeking care and have adequate access to care. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine wildland firefighters’ (WLFFs) attitudes towards, opinions of and experiences with the medical services on fire assignments. Methods: A survey was used to collect information from WLFFs. The survey covered:
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Prescribed burning on private land: reflections on recent law reform in Australia and California Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Phillipa C. McCormack, Rebecca K. Miller, Jan McDonald
Background: Prescribed fire is a critical tool for building resilience to changing fire regimes. Policymakers can accelerate the development of effective, adaptation-oriented fire governance by learning from other jurisdictions. Aims: We analyse reforms to prescribed fire governance to highlight improvements for fire hazard reduction and resilience. Methods: We searched legislative registers in New
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Exploring the impact of airtanker drops on in-stand temperature and relative humidity Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Melanie Wheatley, Anne Cotton-Gagnon, Jonathan Boucher, B. Mike Wotton, Colin B. McFayden, Natasha Jurko, Jason Robinson
Background: There has been little quantification of the extent and duration of micrometeorological changes within a forest after airtanker drops of water-based suppressant. It has been speculated that a period of prolonged relative humidity – referred to as a ‘relative humidity (RH) bubble’ – temporarily exists in the canopy understorey post-drop. Aims: We quantify the RH bubble from the drops of five
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Fire and habitat variables explain reptile community abundance and richness in subtropical open eucalypt forests Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Diana A. Partridge, Tom Lewis, Cuong T. Tran, J. Guy Castley
Fire alters habitat structure, thereby influencing fauna reliant on specific habitat features, particularly those with low dispersal capability such as reptiles. We quantified reptile responses to fire regimes in subtropical open eucalypt forests of southeast Queensland, Australia, with differing fire histories to isolate fire parameters that may alter reptile communities. We sampled 15 unique fire
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Effects of a large wildfire on the community composition of medium and large mammals in a neotropical savannah Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Bruna A. Nunes, André Cunha, Emerson M. Vieira
Background: The Cerrado is a neotropical savannah with high mammalian diversity where wildfires are rather common and highly relevant to its ecological patterns and processes. The effects of fire on Cerrado mammals, however, are poorly understood. Aims: We investigated the effects of an unplanned large wildfire (burned area ~66 000 ha) on medium and large mammals in a Cerrado area in Brazil, focusing
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Modelling sorption processes of 10-h dead Pinus pinaster branches Int. J. Wildland Fire (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Sérgio Lopes, Sandra Santos, Nuno Rodrigues, Paulo Pinho, Domingos Xavier Viegas
Background: Forest fuel moisture content (FMC) is an important parameter that determines wildfire risk; therefore, its accurate prediction is of great importance. In the absence of rainfall, dead FMC changes mainly by water vapour sorption processes. Aims: In the present work, sorption processes of 10-h dead Pinus pinaster branches (PPBs) were studied in order to develop a moisture content prediction