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Endogenous Plant Hormone Profiles in Growing Campbell Early Grape Berries Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Kiyohide Kojima; Hiroya Ikarashi; Daigo Andou; Tatsuya Matsumoto
To elucidate the profiles of plant hormones involved in growth and ripening of grape fruit at various stages, grape bunches of Campbell Early grape bunches (Vitis labrusca ‘Bailey’) which were harvested from 14 to 63 days after full bloom (DAFB) were divided into skin, pulp and seeds. Endogenous plant hormones, which included indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), trans-zeatin (Z), isopentenyl
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Characterization of the Recombinant UDP:flavonoid 3-O-galactosyltransferase from Mangifera indica ‘Irwin’ (MiUFGalT3) involved in Skin Coloring Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Ayako Katayama-Ikegami; Zion Byun; Suzuka Okada; Masahiro Miyashita; Takane Katayama; Tomoaki Sakamoto; Asuka Ichihi; Kosuke Shimizu; Shinya Kanzaki
Red mangos (Mangifera indica L.) accumulate appreciable amounts of cyanidin-based anthocyanins in the skin, and previous studies showed that these anthocyanins contain galactose as a sugar moiety. To date, two UDP:flavonoid 3-O-glycosyltransferase (UFGT)-like genes named MiUFGT1 and MiUFGT3 (MiUFGalT3) have been isolated from mango ‘Irwin’ peel as anthocyanin-related UFGT genes, but the function of
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Effect of Irrigation Amount on Flower Bud Growth and Fruit Set in Japanese Apricot ‘Nanko’ Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Yasuhisa Tsuchida; Noriaki Jomura
Yield optimization of young Japanese ‘Nanko’ apricot (Prunus mume Siebold et Zucc.) trees requires adequate and timely irrigation. Here, different irrigation amounts (5, 10, 15, and 20 mm) were applied to three-year-old trees from July (initiation of flower bud differentiation stage) to March (fruit setting stage), when the pF meter reading was 2.7. Then, the effects on flower buds and fruit setting
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The Effect of Co-occurring Heat and Water Stress on Reproductive Traits and Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Chinedu Felix Amuji; Linda J. Beaumont; Brian J. Atwell
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) productivity is negatively impacted by extreme weather events such as heatwaves, flooding and drought. This study evaluated the individual and additive effects of heat and water stress on reproductive traits and yield in the commercial tomato variety ‘Roma-VF’. Five weeks after sowing, five stress treatments were introduced consisting of combinations of heat and/or moderate
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Substrate Reactivity of Polyphenol Oxidase and Browning Inhibition of Fresh-cut ‘Nam Dok Mai Si-Thong’ Mangoes by Protein-based Sericin Coating Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Chalida Chimvaree; Thanakorn Cumsingnok; Chalermchai Wongs-Aree; Suriyan Supapvanich; Theppanya Charoenrat; Racha Tepsorn; Panida Boonyaritthongchai
Recent studies aimed to investigate five phenolic substrates’ reactivities in terms of PPO activity compared with browning symptom occurrence, as well as the efficiency of sericin extracted from ‘Nam Dok Mai Si-Thong’ mango in vitro on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and the efficiency of sericin coating on browning inhibition of fresh-cut ‘Nam Dok Mai Si-Thong’ mango during storage. The specificity
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Application of a Vis-NIR Spectroscopic Technique to Measure the Total Soluble Solids Content of Intact Mangoes in Motion on a Belt Conveyor Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Sneha Sharma; Panmanas Sirisomboon; Pimpen Pornchaloempong
To date, different approaches have been applied to measure the internal parameters of mangoes by destructive and non-destructive techniques. Recently, real-time evaluation of the internal parameters has become important assessment for fruits in high demand. This research aims to develop an online prototype system to measure the total soluble solids (TSS) in mangoes using a fiber optic diode array Visible-Near
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Genome-wide Association Study of Strawberry Fruit Quality-related Traits Using a MAGIC Population Derived from Crosses Involving Six Strawberry Cultivars Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Takuya Wada; Masao Tsubone; Miyuki Mori; Chiharu Hirata; Shiro Nagamatsu; Koichiro Oku; Soichiro Nagano; Sachiko Isobe; Hideyuki Suzuki; Katsumi Shimomura; Noriko Baba; Keita Hirashima; Takayuki Sueyoshi; Ko-ichi Obu; Hidetoshi Ikegami; Yosuke Uchimura; Tatsuya Hayashida
Cultivated strawberry is one of the important commercial fruits not only in Japan, but around the world. Even so, analyzing regions responsible for fruit quality traits of cultivated strawberry has been very challenging due to the alloploidy and octoploidy of genome conformation. In order to solve this problem, we previously developed a strawberry multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC)
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Morphological Study on the Incidence of Intumescence Injury in Tomato Plant Leaves Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Katsumi Suzuki; Chiaki Ozawa; Yoshikazu Kiriiwa
Intumescence injury of tomato leaves is a physiological disorder in which white surface spots rise on the abaxial side of the leaf and then turn brown; when it worsens, the leaf dies. Scanning electron microscope observations showed individual cells were enlarged and raised due to intumescence injury. Vein epidermal cells and stomatal guard cells were also enlarged. Hypertrophy was observed by light
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Tomato Rootstock Breeding: Evaluation of Tomato Interspecific Hybrid Rootstocks Under Greenhouse Conditions Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Ahmed Mohammed Aly Mahmoud
Tomato grafting is an important agricultural technique to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses and increase plant growth and productivity. Breeding and selection of resistant and vigorous rootstocks are necessary to achieve grafting goals. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate eight tomato interspecific hybrids between accession Solanum lycopersicum L. LA1221 ‘VFNT cherry’, as the female
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A Comparative Study on the Growth and Bulb Development of Several Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars Sown in Spring in the Northeast Region of Japan Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Hiroki Ikeda; Takehiko Yamamoto; Takafumi Kinoshita; Hikaru Tsukazaki; Atsushi Yamasaki
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide. In Japan, it is grown using two different cultivation methods (spring-sowing and autumn-sowing). The traditional cultivation method for onion in the Tohoku region in northeast Japan has been autumn sowing; however, onion productivity has been low. Recently, spring sowing of onion has been established in this region to improve
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Cloning and Molecular Characterization of CfMYBs Associated with the Regulation of Methyl Jasmonate Biosynthesis in Cymbidium faberi Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Yanqin Xu; Junjiang Zhou; Song Lu; Songtai Wang; Yin Zhou
Cymbidium is one of the largest orchid genera and it is famous for its ornamental, cultural, and economic value. Many Cymbidium species have an elegant flower fragrance, including C. faberi, C. goeringii, C. ensifolium, C. kanran, C. sinense, and so on. Although the components of the flower fragrance have been identified in many orchids, the molecular mechanism of their formation and regulation has
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Delay of Flowering at High Temperature in Chrysanthemum: Duration of Darkness and Transitions in Lighting Determine Daily Peak Heat Sensitivity Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Yoshihiro Nakano; Tomoyuki Takase; Katsuhiko Sumitomo; Shihori Suzuki; Kana Tsuda-Kawamura; Tamotsu Hisamatsu
Heat-induced flowering delay of Chrysanthemum morifolium is a major problem affecting the production of cut flowers in Japan. Understanding the delay mechanism is indispensable to achieve stable production. Heat sensitivity has been shown to fluctuate throughout the day, as if it is regulated by a circadian clock. This paper studied the involvement of a circadian clock and photoperiod in the fluctuation
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Effects of Melatonin and AVG on Plant Growth of Three Pilea Species in Darkness Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Diying Xiang; Chi D. Nguyen; Jayson Opgenorth; David Clark; Heqiang Huo
Ornamental foliage plants are valued for their catchy leaves with diverse shapes and colors, but dark-induced plant senescence or deterioration during transport greatly limits the quality of foliage plants. Melatonin is an important signaling molecule that affects pleiotropic developmental progress in plants. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) is a potent inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis and is extensively
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Reduced Expression of C-class Genes Is Associated with the Multiple-petal Phenotype in Nelumbo nucifera Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Yumiko Kashiwamura; Rikuto Matsuzawa; Yusei Ishikawa; Michio Shibata; Yohei Higuchi
The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is an aquatic basal eudicot that is widely cultivated for food, medicine, and ornamental use. Ornamental lotus cultivars form flowers of various colors and shapes. The ABCE model for flower development has been proposed for model core eudicots such as Arabidopsis and snapdragon, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of floral organ specification and
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Effects of Trehalose and Sucrose on Gene Expression Related to Senescence of Cut Astilbe (Astilbe × arendsii Arends) Flowers Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Kazuki Yamazaki; Tomohiro Suzuki; Masayuki Iigo; Haruna Aiso-Sanada; Takeshi Kurokura; Kenji Yamane
Cut astilbe (Astilbe × arendsii) inflorescences have many small florets with low ethylene sensitivity, and a short vase life. The senescence of flowers is complex and probably regulated by programmed cell death, but specific senescence-related genes have not been widely studied, apart from ethylene-sensitive species. In this study, we investigated the effects of continuous treatments with 4% sucrose
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DNA Markers and Molecular Breeding in Pear and Other Rosaceae Fruit Trees Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 Toshiya Yamamoto
Pear (Pyrus spp.) is one of the most important edible fruits belonging to the family Rosaceae. DNA markers, molecular genetics and genomics, and molecular breeding of pear have greatly progressed over the last few decades. The development of reliable DNA markers, such as simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms, has allowed DNA profiling of pear accessions, assessment of the genetic
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Plant Hormone Changes in Growing Small Watermelon Fruit Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Kiyohide Kojima; Daigo Andou; Masatake Ito
To elucidate the phytohormone profiles associated with various stages of growing and ripening of small watermelon fruits, small watermelon fruits were collected 7 to 35 days after flowering (DAF) and divided into rind, pulp, and seeds. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), trans-zeatin (tZ), isopentenyl adenine (iP), jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), gibberellin1 (GA1), and gibberellin4
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SSR Marker Development and Genetic Identification of Pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) Collected in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Kenji Nashima; Fumiko Hosaka; Yohei Shimajiri; Masato Matsumura; Kazuhiko Tarora; Naoya Urasaki; Moriyuki Shoda; Chikako Nishitani; Yutaka Sawamura; Toshiya Yamamoto
Pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) is a tropical fruit grown in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. In this study, we developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to assess the genetic diversity of pitaya accessions collected in Okinawa prefecture. SSR markers were developed with next-generation sequencing, using the Roche 454 GS FLX+ platform. Seventy primer sets were tested for the genetic identification of pitaya
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Expression Analysis of Endodormancy and Flowering-related Genes in Greenhouse-cultivated Flowering Disorder Trees of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) ‘Kosui’ Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Akiyoshi Tominaga; Syo Kinose; Mizuki Tai; Masaki Yahata; Hisayo Yamane
The emergence of flowering disorder, specifically the bud break disorder observed in flower buds, has become a serious problem for Japanese pear ‘Kosui’ greenhouse production in southern Japan. To understand the mechanism behind this problem, the expression of genes related to endodormancy and flowering were investigated in “flowering disorder trees” (FDTs). In 2017 and 2019, remarkably warm temperatures
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De novo Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Wingpod Purslane, Portulaca umbraticola, and Its Application to the Discovery of Genes Related to Flower Senescence and Opening Rhythm Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Tawanda Elias Maguvu; Yohei Higuchi; Shogo Sugiura; Honoka Ito; Michio Shibata
Portulaca umbraticola, an important ephemeral summer bedding plant, may be a model system for studies on flowering behavior under heat stress. Herein, we report the first comprehensive transcriptome analysis of P. umbraticola by RNA-sequencing. We generated 22.15 G bases which were assembled into 68,928 unigenes, and a total of 43,880 coding sequences (CDS) were detected. We also detected 13,603 simple
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Relationship Between Water Supply and Sugar and Capsaicinoids Contents in Fruit of Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 R. M. S. M. B. Rathnayaka; Minemo Minami; Kazuhiro Nemoto; Sudasinghe Sathya Prabandaka; Kenichi Matsushima
Environmental factors influence the contents of taste components, such as capsaicinoid compounds, in the fruit of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum). The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of water supply and harvesting date after flowering on sugar and capsaicinoid contents in fruit of the Japanese chili pepper cultivars ‘Botankosho’, ‘Fushimiamanaga’, ‘Manganji’, and ‘Sapporo Oonaga
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Expression of α-l-Arabinofuranosidase Genes at Ripening Initiation Potentially Contributes to the Difference in Flesh Juiciness Between Processing and Fresh Tomatoes Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Fumika Miyohashi; Yukihisa Sawada; Aiko Kaminishi; Ayaka Soga; Makoto Yoshida; Yusuke Kamiyoshihara; Akira Tateishi
Reconstruction of cell wall polysaccharide is necessary for fruit development and ripening. Arabinose is the one of neutral sugars constituting wall polysaccharides and arabinose-containing polysaccharides play an important role in cellular attachment. In this study, expression patterns of α-l-arabinofuranosidase genes were examined in three tomato cultivars, the processing type ‘OSKAR’, fresh market
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Effects of Short Day Cycles on Flowering Time and Nutritional Status of Vanda Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Soraya Ruamrungsri; Takonwan Sirisawad; Kanokwan Panjama; Nuttha Potapohn; Chaiartid Inkham
In order to solve the problems of commercial orchid growers, who need to force Vanda flowering for both blooming on demand and uniformity, an appropriate environment to control flower development is a key factor. However, little research has been conducted on this topic. This research aimed to determine the effects of short day cycles on the flowering of Vanda ‘Manuvadee’, which usually has high productivity
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Evaluation of Crown Gall Disease Resistance in Hybrids of Rosa ‘PEKcougel’ and Tetraploid of R. multiflora ‘Matsushima No. 3’ Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Weijun Wu; Masaki Ochiai; Takashi Nakatsuka; Kunio Yamada; Hirokazu Fukui
Crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes economic loss in ornamental production in Japan. To breed a resistant rootstock, we used crown gall resistant Rosa ‘PEKcougel’ to hybridized with tetraploid of R. multiflora ‘Matsushima No. 3’. In this study, we investigated the crown gall resistance characteristics in their progenies. In the needle prick test, eight tested progenies showed
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Enlarging Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) Heads by Extending the Growing Period and Sparse Planting to Increase Floret Yield Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Megumu Takahashi; Manato Ohishi; Fumio Sato; Kunihiko Okada; Hidekazu Sasaki
The demand for broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is rapidly growing in Japan, and a new production system to increase broccoli yield is required. During processing, broccoli florets are separated from the head, and floret yield may be increased by enlargement of heads beyond existing retail standards. Therefore, we conducted four cultivation tests over two years and investigated floret yields
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Interaction Between Ethylene and Abscisic Acid and Maturation in Highbush Blueberry Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Manabu Watanabe; Ryota Goto; Masanobu Murakami; Sadao Komori; Akira Suzuki
The aim of the present study was to clarify the interaction between ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) and maturation in highbush blueberry. We investigated the berry quality, ethylene evolution, and ABA concentration of berries treated with ethephon, an ethylene-generating compound; aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an ethylene synthesis inhibitor; ABA; and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), an ABA synthesis
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Characterization of Parthenocarpic Fruit of ‘Miyazaki-wase No. 1’, a Tropical Squash (Cucurbita moschata L.) Cultivar Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Rihito Takisawa; Megumi Ogawa; Eri Maai; Kazusa Nishimura; Ryohei Nakano; Tetsuya Nakazaki
Parthenocarpy is a trait in which fruit set and development are induced without fertilization, thereby contributing to labor saving in fruit production. In Cucurbita species, parthenocarpic cultivars have been reported in Cucurbita pepo, but not in Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata. In this regard, the identification of parthenocarpic cultivars and clarification of their characteristics will
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Genetic Relationships Among Hirado azalea Cultivars and Their Putative Parents Inferred from Flavonoid 3', 5' Hydroxylase Gene Sequences Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Sunisa Meanchaipiboon; Nobuo Kobayashi; Akira Nakatsuka
The putative parents of the Hirado azalea (Rhododendron × pulchrum) are R. scabrum, R. ripense, R. × mucronatum, and other related cultivars. Hirado azalea shows a wide range of flower color variation, but the genetic basis for this color variation is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the anthocyanin pathway gene, flavonoid 3', 5' hydroxylase (F3'5'H), by genomic DNA analysis, cDNA
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Parthenocarpy Induced Fluctuations in Pungency and Expression of Capsaicinoid Biosynthesis Genes in a Japanese Pungency-variable Sweet Chili Pepper ‘Shishito’ (Capsicum annuum) Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Fumiya Kondo; Kanami Hatakeyama; Ayana Sakai; Mineo Minami; Kazuhiro Nemoto; Kenichi Matsushima
The pungency-variable sweet chili pepper ‘Shishito’ (Capsicum annuum) is widely cultivated in Japan. While ‘Shishito’ is generally used as a vegetable because of its relatively low pungency, it sometimes exhibits high pungency depending on cultivation conditions. Although the occurrence of pungent ‘Shishito’ fruits is a problem in retail distribution and utilization, the responsible mechanism is largely
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Two Independent Spontaneous Mutations Related to Anthocyanin-less Flower Coloration in Matthiola incana Cultivars Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-24 Latifa Nuraini; Fumi Tatsuzawa; Masaki Ochiai; Katsumi Suzuki; Takashi Nakatsuka
Matthiola incana is a popular winter-flowering plant, and white is considered a valuable flower color for marketed cultivars. In this study, we aimed to identify the genes responsible for white flower coloration in six commercial cultivars of M. incana used as cut and potted flowers. The expression levels of chalcone synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase
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Girdling Treatment to Reduce Vigor and Increase Production of High-quality Yellow-skinned ‘Koukou’ Apples Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Kazuhiro Matsumoto; Saki Sato; Tomomichi Fujita; Taishi Hayashida
The production of yellow-skinned apples has increased in recent years; however, they are less acceptable to consumers than red-skinned apples. Therefore, the production of high-quality fruit is essential. In the present study, we applied a girdling treatment at 1) different times (June or August), and 2) different widths (2 cm, 5 cm, and 8 cm). We compared the effect on tree growth, flower bud formation
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Evaluation of Fruit Anthocyanin Composition by LC/MS in Interspecific Hybrids Between Haskap (Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis (Turcz. ex. Herder) Hultén) and Miyama-uguisukagura (Lonicera gracilipes Miq.) Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Ryohei Fujita; Shigeki Jin; Takahiro Hayasaka; Kotaro Matoba; Yoichiro Hoshino
Haskap (Lonicera caerulea subsp. edulis) is a deciduous shrub that produces blue-black edible berries with a sour-sweet taste. By expanding fruit color variation, the value of agricultural products is enhanced. Interspecific hybrids were obtained from crossings between Haskap and red-fruit bearing Miyama-uguisukagura (Lonicera gracilipes). The fruit color of the interspecific hybrids obtained was red-purple
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Temperature Effects on Fruit Development and Quality Performance of Nagami Kumquat (Fortunella margarita [Lour.] Swingle) Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Yung-Chiung Chang; Tian-Cih Lin
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different temperature treatments on kumquat fruit development and qualities. Kumquat trees were placed in growth chambers at day/night temperatures of 36°C/28°C, 28°C/20°C, and then 20°C/12°C two weeks after the first physiological fruit drop. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between temperature and fruit drop. The total
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Suppression of Anthracnose in Strawberry Using Water Extracts of Lamiaceae Herbs and Identification of Antifungal Metabolites Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Hasib Ahmad; Yoh-ichi Matsubara
The present experiment was conducted to determine whether water extracts of lemon balm and oregano could suppress anthracnose in strawberry and to identify the important secondary metabolites responsible for such activity. Runner plants of three strawberry cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Sachinoka’, ‘Akihime’, and ‘Tochiotome’) were treated with water extracts (20%, w/v) of lemon balm (Melissa
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Pattern and Trigger of Fruit Self-thinning in Japanese Pears Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Ayako Nakamura-Yamaguchi; Nobutaka Kitahata; Chikako Nishitani; Norio Takada; Shingo Terakami; Yutaka Sawamura; Tomoki Matsuyama; Tadao Asami; Takeshi Nakano; Toshihiro Saito; Toshiya Yamamoto
In fruit production, fruit thinning is required to maximize fruit quality and to protect the mother trees. However, thinning is troublesome and laborious work. Fruit self-thinning is the spontaneous elimination of pollinated flowers or fruits within a week to a month after pollination. Since the fruit self-thinning trait has the potential to improve fruit trees, a number of studies using fruit crops
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Relationship Between Shoot Growth and Fruit Production of ‘Masui Dauphine’ and ‘Houraishi’ Fig Trees at Various Plant Densities Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Akihiro Hosomi
This study aimed to determine the optimal shoot vigor to produce large fruit and high yields of the fig (Ficus carica L.) cultivars ‘Masui Dauphine’ and ‘Houraishi’. Fruit production of the two cultivars was compared for seven years on shoots of various vigor induced by different plant densities: 20, 61, 400, 667, and 2000 trees per 1000 m2, and all shoots occupied equal-sized basal areas (0.5 m2 for
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Relationship Between the Limonoid Content in Different Parts of the Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and the Ligand Activity of a Bile Acid Receptor, TGR5 Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Fatema Tuz Zohra; Yuri Tominaga; Yomi Matsumoto; Naoko Taguchi; Ai Okubo; Susumu Mitsutake; Nobuhiro Kotoda
Limonoids, a group of highly oxygenated triterpenoids mostly found in the Rutaceae and Meliaceae families, have many biological and physiological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and insecticidal ones. Recent studies suggest that some types of limonoids bind to a bile acid receptor, TGR5 (Takeda G protein–coupled receptor 5), and confer anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects. TGR5
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Dynamics of N Derived from 15N-labeled Rye in Soil–tomato System as Influenced by Cover Crop Residue Management Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Rafael A. Muchanga; Yoshitaka Uchida; Toshiyuki Hirata; Ryusuke Hatano; Hajime Araki
The nitrogen (N) contribution of rye (Secale cereale L.) to tomato production may increase when grown and applied with hairy vetch (Vicia villosa R.) to the soil. To examine the uptake and recovery efficiency by tomatoes and retention in the soil of N derived from 15N-labeled rye applied as a monoculture and biculture with hairy vetch, a Wagner pot examination was conducted under plastic high tunnel
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Production of High Soluble Solids Fruits Without Reducing Dry Matter Production in Tomato Plants Grown in Salinized Nutrient Solution Controlled by Electrical Conductivity Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Mizuho Itoh; Chisato Goto; Yasunaga Iwasaki; Wataru Sugeno; Dong-Hyuk Ahn; Tadahisa Higashide
We investigated dry matter production and fruit characteristics of high-Brix tomatoes when plants were pinched above the third truss and electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution was gradually increased by changing the amounts of nutrients and NaCl. In the salinized treatment, fruit fresh weight was significantly decreased, and fruit Brix was significantly increased, relative to the non-salinized
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Molecular Characterization of Begomoviruses Associated with Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae Crops from Northern Sumatra, Indonesia Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Elly Kesumawati; Shoko Okabe; Munawar Khalil; Gian Alfan; Putra Bahagia; Nadya Pohan; Sabaruddin Zakaria; Sota Koeda
Begomoviruses, transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), have emerged as serious constraints to the cultivation of a wide variety of vegetable crops worldwide. Leaf samples from Solanaceae (tomato, tobacco, and eggplant) and Cucurbitaceae (cucumber and squash) plants exhibiting typical begomoviral yellowing and/or curling symptoms were collected in Northern Sumatra, Aceh province, Indonesia. Rolling
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Modeling and Prediction of Dry Matter Production by Tomato Plants in Year-round Production Based on Short-term, Low-truss Crop Management Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Mizuho Itoh; Chisato Goto; Yasunaga Iwasaki; Wataru Sugeno; Dong-Hyuk Ahn; Tadahisa Higashide
We investigated dry matter (DM) and fruit production of tomato plants, the effects of CO2 levels on DM production, and light-use efficiency (LUE) in a tomato production system based on short-term, low-truss crop management during six consecutive periods over one year in a commercial greenhouse. The CO2 concentration, total dry matter production (TDM), and LUE differed significantly among the periods
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Prediction and Improvement of Yield and Dry Matter Production Based on Modeling and Non-destructive Measurement in Year-round Greenhouse Tomatoes Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Takeshi Saito; Yasushi Kawasaki; Dong-Hyuku Ahn; Akio Ohyama; Tadahisa Higashide
We validated a model for predicting dry matter (DM) production in growing plants without the need for destructive sampling with three tomato cultivars in a one-year experiment. In an attempt to improve DM, we managed the temperature and CO2 concentration in the greenhouse as well as the leaf area index (LAI) of the tomato plants to meet targets determined based on model predictions. In the model, leaf
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Combination Effects of Sowing and Transplanting Time on Harvest Time in Some Onion (Allium cepa L.) Cultivars with Different Photoperiod Requirements in Hokkaido Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Shizuyuki Tanaka; Masaki Iritani; Hajime Araki
The combination effect of sowing and transplanting time on harvest time, yield, and external bulb quality was investigated to achieve earlier shipment of onions in northeastern Hokkaido, Japan. A total of five cultivars with different levels of photoperiodic responses for bulb formation were used in both the 1996/97 and 1997/98 trials. The seeds were sown on a monthly basis in a soil bed in an unheated
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Estimation of Leaf Area and Light-use Efficiency by Non-destructive Measurements for Growth Modeling and Recommended Leaf Area Index in Greenhouse Tomatoes Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Takeshi Saito; Yuya Mochizuki; Yasushi Kawasaki; Akio Ohyama; Tadahisa Higashide
We aimed to monitor greenhouse tomato growth without destructive sampling and investigated an empirical growth model in which dry matter production was obtained as a product of light intercepted by plants and light-use efficiency. The intercepted light values were non-destructively determined on the basis of leaf width and length, and the number of leaves. Light-use efficiency was expressed as a function
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Effect of Salinity on Photosynthesis and Distribution of Photosynthates in the Japanese Tomato ‘CF Momotaro York’ and the Dutch Tomato ‘Endeavour’ with Low Node-order Pinching and a High-density Planting System Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Kazuya Maeda; Masahumi Johkan; Satoru Tsukagoshi; Toru Maruo
In this study, we investigated the effect of salinity on photosynthesis and the distribution of photosynthates in the Japanese tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar ‘CF Momotaro York’ and the Dutch cultivar ‘Endeavour’. Although significant differences were not observed in fresh yield among the cultivars, there were significant differences between the control and salinity in terms of fresh yield,
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Multiple Non-pungent Capsicum chinense Accessions with a Loss of Function CaKR1 Allele Originating from South America Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Sota Koeda; Ryutaro Nakano; Takaya Sawaki; Kosuke Sato; Yoshiyuki Tanaka; Shinya Kanzaki
In Capsicum, loss of function mutation of acyltransferase (Pun1), putative aminotransferase (pAMT), putative ketoacyl-ACP reductase (CaKR1), and R2R3-MYB transcription factor (CaMYB31) have been reported to be the genetic causes of non-pungency. In the present study, 245 C. chinense accessions were initially screened for non-pungency attributes. Six candidates with identification numbers, No. 3327
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Adding Ascorbic Acid to Reduce Oxidative Stress During Cryopreservation of Somatic Embryos of Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f.) Stein, an Endangered Orchid Species Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Sutthinut Soonthornkalump; Shin-ichi Yamamoto; Upatham Meesawat
Paphiopedilum niveum (Rchb.f.) Stein, an endangered species, has been listed in CITES Appendix I and its germplasm conservation is required. To improve the regeneration of cryopreserved somatic embryos (SEs), adding 0.1 mM ascorbic acid (AsA) at a critical step during cryopreservation was investigated. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were also assessed during five
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Evaluation of 29 Lisianthus Cultivars (Eustoma grandiflorum) and One Inbred Line of E. exaltatum for Resistance to Two Isolates of Fusarium solani by Using Hydroponic Equipment Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Takashi Onozaki; Mamoru Satou; Mirai Azuma; Masato Kawabe; Kyoko Kawakatsu; Naoko Fukuta
Fusarium root rot of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) caused by Fusarium solani is one of the most important and damaging lisianthus diseases. It occurs commonly in Japan and worldwide and causes serious crop losses. However, little effort has been made to breed lisianthus for resistance to this disease. We initiated a breeding program for resistance to F. solani in 2014. Twenty-nine lisianthus cultivars
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Mutation of CYCLOIDEA Expands Variation of Dorsal–ventral Flower Asymmetry Expressed as a Pigmentation Pattern in Torenia fournieri Cultivars Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Mariko Kondo; Natsu Tanikawa; Takaaki Nishijima
We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the pigmentation patterns of the dorsal petals in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind. ex Fourn.) cultivars. ‘Piccolo Mix’ consists of lines exhibiting different pigmentation patterns in the limb of the dorsal petal, i.e., entirely pigmented (all-pigmented line), picotee with a pigmented margin (half-pigmented line), and entirely pale (pale line). In
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Relation Between Floral Initiations on Apical Buds of Basal Shoots After the Autumn and Cultivar Differences in Unseasonal Flowering of Hydrangea Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Yoshikuni Kitamura; Takashi Fudano; Yoko Kawanishi
Typically, hydrangea (Hydrangea spp.) plants produce flowers from early to mid-summer. However, their basal shoots often continue to produce flowers from late summer to autumn, and we call this unseasonal flowering. The flowering frequencies and flowering period durations of basal shoots were studied using 23 hydrangea cultivars and lines in 2017, 2018, and 2019. The flowering frequencies of basal
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ClO2 Dipping Treatment Inhibits Gray Mold on Cut Rose Flowers During Storage Hort. J. (IF 1.176) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Young-Boon Lee; Wan-Soon Kim
This study investigated the antifungal effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) dipping on Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of gray mold, on cut rose flowers (Rosa hybrida L.). In vitro, the spore germination of gray mold was inhibited 100% by instant dipping with ClO2 solution (5 to 10 μL·L−1). In particular, ClO2 at 5 μL·L−1 was found to be ideal for hindering spore activity without causing any damage
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