ABSTRACT Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are commercially used as a light source to improve plant growth and antioxidants accumulation. Growth and antioxidant system in Chinese kale microgreens illuminated with blue, red and white LEDs and sunlight, as a control, with the same duration of illumination were investigated. The red LED with low light intensity significantly enhanced hypocotyl length and fresh

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoid compounds that provide pigmentation to plant organs, are beneficial components of the human diet and there is an interest in understanding the regulation of their formation in crop plants. The apple cultivar ‘May’ represents an excellent model for the study of anthocyanin metabolism due to the spatial color pattern of its flesh, which transitions sequentially from

Urban life has long been pilloried in history for its negative effects on the human condition and mind. From Thomas Jefferson to Emile Durkheim, high density urban living as an aberration to be rectified has been part of the modern discourse on cities. While empirical studies into the psychiatric effects of unwanted social contact began in earnest after WW2 and we now know much about environmental

Sex determination is a key developmental event in all organisms. The pathway that regulates sexual fate has been well characterized at the molecular level in the model free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This study aims to gain a preliminary understanding of sex-determining pathways in a plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and the extent to which the roles of the sex determination

Increasing urban green spaces and canopy cover requires careful planning of irrigation strategies, especially in arid and semiarid areas. This study investigates how vegetation cover and irrigation affect the water balance and vegetation productivity of a small urban reserve in the Melbourne metropolitan area, Australia. Using a mechanistic ecohydrological model, a series of numerical experiments were

Legal ownership of land defines the formal relationship between a landowner and land. Besides legal ownership, there is also psychological ownership which landowners can develop toward land. Despite the abundant literature on the relationships between landowners and land, it remains unclear under which circumstances a sense of ownership over land occurs and what impacts individual feelings may have

Knowing the patterns of Black Sigatoka development is essential to propose adequate disease management practices and evaluate their effects, which can be achieved through temporal analysis by integrating the evolving interactions of the pathosystem components, expressed by data on cumulative incidence and severity, and summarizing these data in a disease progress curve. Airborne spores are essential

Senna is a diverse and paraphyletic genus in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Fabaceae Lindl.) comprising various species of industrial and medicinal value. To date, the genome-based taxonomic relationship among several Senna species remains enigmatic. Cytogenetic information is invaluable in deciphering phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history. However, insufficient chromosomal research

Here, we describe the current status of energy-saving techniques in greenhouse heating and countermeasures for high summer temperatures, and then introduce an outline and the performance of a newly developed New Root-zone Environmental Control System (N.RECS) and the effects of this system on flower production. Temperature control techniques used in protected horticulture include those that control

To improve the yield of sweet peppers in Japan, we investigated the relationships between plant growth characteristics and fruit yield, with a particular focus on dry matter production. Fruit fresh weight (i.e., fruit yield) was highly correlated with fruit dry weight. Aboveground dry matter production was correlated with both light use efficiency and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation

The effects of End-of-Day (EOD)-cooling on floral differentiation and cut flower characteristics in carnation were verified using both short-term model-based experiments in a growth chamber and long-term demonstrative experiments in a greenhouse. In the model experiment, flower buds were undifferentiated until 43 days after pinching in both control and End-of-Night-cooled plants. In contrast, in the

Japanese cucumbers are unique in terms of their production methods, such as steamed cultivation in which the greenhouse is closed to increase the temperature and humidity. Moreover, Japan has strict standards for fruit size. Therefore, most research on greenhouse cucumbers in Japan has focused on pests, diseases and fruit quality, and few studies have focused on increasing yields. Therefore, we aimed

We used instruments to analyze the texture of compressed samples obtained from the equatorial portion of apples cut in radial and tangential directions. The flesh firmness evaluation of apples using a penetrometer (Magness-Taylor type) showed a year-to-year correlation, and this was highly correlated with mechanical values, including maximum force (N) evaluated using two instruments in both the radial

An in vivo micrografting method was developed to obtain Passiflora latent virus (PLV)-free passion fruit from infected plants. The scion length required to eliminate PLV was ≤ 2 mm. The method required no aseptic handling and the procedure was relatively simple, and resulted in more than 10 micrografts in one hour. Moreover, no special equipment or procedures were necessary, allowing it to be conducted

To prevent the decay of satsuma mandarin fruit during the distribution process, we investigated the effect of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation and temperature treatment (TT) on scoparone (a phytoalexin) production in fruits. To this end, the fruits were maintained at 20°C for 24 h following irradiation, and then the scoparone content was measured after export to Singapore by sea freight or after domestic

Brassica napus L. is an important oil crop in China. Most of the oil from B. napus is stored in oil bodies. In this study, the biogenesis of oil bodies and variations in the gene expression levels of oil body proteins and fatty acid synthesis transcription factors were characterized during embryogenesis using ultrastructural observations and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. When comparing the

The growth and yield of tomatoes in greenhouses covered by heat insulation film were investigated in Ishigaki, a subtropical area of Japan with high temperature and high solar radiation. High-density planting of tomatoes was carried out in June, July, August, October, and November, with a low node-order pinching system. The plants were grown in two greenhouses, one covered by a thermal barrier film

The tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a bipartite begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) that was originally isolated in India, but has become a serious threat to various horticultural crops in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Middle East, and western Mediterranean Basin. In Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the western Mediterranean Basin, ToLCNDV has caused

Bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) contains several functional components such as quercetin glycosides, a type of flavonoid. The quercetin content of bulb onion has been determined at harvest and storage; however, little is known about the changes in quercetin accumulation during development. In this study, two yellow onion varieties, ‘Momiji No. 3’ and ‘Quergold’, which differ in quercetin content at harvest

In this study, we examined sucrose metabolism and expression of invertase, a sucrolytic enzyme, during vegetative and floral development in Eustoma grandiflorum, a widely cultivated ornamental plant. During vegetative growth, sucrose content was relatively lower in roots and unexpanded leaves than in expanded leaves. The activities of cell-wall invertase (CWIN) and vacuolar invertase (VIN) were higher

Many cut flowers are treated with an ethylene action inhibitor, silver thiosulfate (STS), to delay senescence and are shipped by dry transport that involves relatively easy loading. In addition, cut flowers are often treated with a mixture of sugar and germicide to improve their vase lives. Exogenous treatments of these compounds or drying by transport are thought to have various effects on cut flowers

Rapid urban growth poses increasing challenges, but also opportunities, for urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA). This systematic review explores the nexus between UPA and urban growth through a meta-analysis of research on UPA in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. We reviewed 92 empirical articles, reporting on 83 cities, by applying a framework focused on interactions between urban growth, agricultural

ABSTRACT An on-vineyard approach was used to investigate effects of the biodynamic preparations horn manure and horn silica (BD) on the soil structure in five vineyards on different bedrocks and that had been under organic management for different time periods. The underlying hypothesis was that the effects of the biodynamic preparations increase aggregate stability and improve soil structure. The

ABSTRACT The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) at Glu-D1 have a larger contribution to the processing property of wheat flours than those at the Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci and are always expressed in nature. Wheat lines missing one subunit at Glu-D1, either x or y, attract great interest for their potential quality value. Major quality parameters including SDS-sedimentation value, gluten-related

ABSTRACT Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) belongs to family cucurbitaceae and is grown for both fresh and processing purpose. It imparts cooling effect; consumed as salads, pickles;, rich source of vitamins, minerals; can cure jaundice-like diseases; has fragrance and is crispy in nature. To meet the increasing demand of the population, production of vegetable crops has been enhanced. Elite genotypes

Prunus mume is an important woody plant that has high ornamental and economic value, widely distributed and used in landscape architecture in East Asia. In plants, basic (region) leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors play important regulatory roles in growth, development, dormancy and abiotic stress. To date, bZIP transcription factors have not been systematically studied in P. mume. In this

There is growing evidence that people’s interactions with water are beneficial to their health. However, existing studies have focused primarily on natural bodies of water such as seas, rivers, and lakes. Artificial water features such as ponds and fountains have received relatively little attention. This literature review aims to examine existing evidence on the health-related benefits of artificial

Gerade Dauerkulturen, welche über viele Jahre bestehen bleiben, können einen großen ökologischen Wert für Insekten und Spinnentiere darstellen, wenn die negativen Einflüsse durch die Bewirtschaftung durch gezielte Maßnahmen minimiert werden. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes wurde von 2016 bis 2019 an der TH Bingen in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gemeinde Zornheim (Rheinhessen), zwei dort ansässigen Obstbauern

The crop nitrogen and iron status play a key role for crop yield and quality in grapevines and other plant species. These elements are generally assessed by petiole tissue or destructive leaf analysis. Non-destructive estimation of nitrogen and iron sufficiency in grapevine leaves would contribute significantly to sensitive crop management. We therefore were recorded two different data against leaf

Organically produced conventional products have gained great attention in accordance with the increasing awareness on healthy foods as well as improvements in living standards. Environment friendly strategies to extend the quality of grapes after commercial maturity provide healthy and profitable sustainability in market chain. In the present study, possibilities to maintain the quality of grape clusters

Bacteria significantly affect the plant availability of plant nutrients in the soil. This level of influence varies with the bacterial population, activity and viability time. For determination of the effects of bacteria inoculated tuff material on yield and physiological parameters of grape plant, this study conducted. In this study, ‘Sultani’ seedless variety was used as grape variety. This study

In this study, molecular genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Turkish (Aegean region) Punica granatum L. populations was conducted based on ISSR-PCR and chloroplast DNA trnL‑F sequences. Genomic DNA samples were isolated from fresh and green pomegranate leaves. Eight ISSR primers were used to determine genetic diversity between pomegranate populations. For the amplification of the cpDNA trnL‑F

Red-fleshed radishes (RFRs) are economically important root vegetable in the Brassicaceae family that contain high concentrations of radish-red pigment in their fleshy root. However, the yield of the fleshy root is limited and germplasm resources for radish improvement are lacking. Genome doubling is an effective and efficient breeding tool for the rapid creation of new germplasm resources. Therefore

Views contribute to occupants’ visual comfort and health in the workplace—reducing stress, improving concentration, and bolstering creativity. In this work, we introduce two new metrics, based on a 3D simulation in the urban context, to assess potential view access in open floorplans; and using the metrics, we measure the economic impact of views on office rents. We evaluate the view potential in 5

Plum pox virus strain Recombinant (PPV-Rec) is hypothetically considered as homologous recombinant between strains PPV-M and PPV-D. The nucleotide position 8450 up to end of genome is considered to come from PPV-M, and the remaining major genomic part is PPV-D-derived. It is regarded as third major PPV strain due to its wide distribution and prevalence in Europe. However, among over a thousand PPV

The current study was aimed to solve the problem of browning in Iranian seedless barberry in vitro culture by using a variety of different approaches. As such, several experiments were carried out. The results revealed that addition of 225 mg/l citric acid + 50 mg/l ascorbic acid could alleviate phenol browning compared to control. Presoaking of explants in 300 mg/l citric acid solution for 30 min

In this article we compare two traditional aesthetic landscape assessment models, the psychophysical model and the psychological model. Our aim is to determine how close both theoretical frameworks are and to what extent they produce similar results, both thematically and spatially. We conduct the psychophysical model using a mapping procedure based on the use of geographic information systems, and

ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, the high cost of synthetic fertilisers and the need to produce higher quality crops have necessitated research on alternative nutrient inputs. The effects of soil amendments with poultry manure + Tithonia diversifolia compost at 10, 20, 30 t ha−1 (PMC10, PMC20, PMC30), cow dung + T. diversifolia compost at 10, 20, and 30 t ha−1 (CDC10, CDC20, CDC30) poultry manure (PM)

Genetic diversity analysis of worldwide Cucurbita genetic resources preserved in the Japanese Genebank can provide valuable information for breeding. In this study, 612 Cucurbita accessions of six species, including 40 accessions with no identification information, were genotyped with 30 SSR markers; 378 alleles were detected (12.6 alleles per marker; range, 4–24). By cluster analysis, the 40 unidentified

Urban resilience has gained considerable popularity in planning and policy to address cities’ capacity to cope with climate change. While many studies discuss the different ways that academics define resilience, little attention has been given to how resilience is conceptualized across different urban contexts and among the actors that engage in building resilience ‘on the ground’. Given the implications

The relationship between urbanization, the brain, and human mental health is subject to intensive debate in the current scientific literature. Particularly, since mood and anxiety disorders as well as schizophrenia are known to be more frequent in urban compared to rural regions. Here, we investigated the association between cerebral signatures, mental health and land use indicators (Urban Fabric and

Green infrastructure (GI) is increasingly addressed in urban planning and research to enhance urban sustainability and resilience through the provisioning of ecosystem services (ES). Yet, few applications exist of planning models for multifunctional GI in high spatial and thematic detail that simultaneously align with stakeholder interests. We address these gaps by developing and presenting a spatially

Peach bacteria leaf shot hole is a commonly occurring foliar disease of economic importance, which severely affects the host photosynthesis and contributes to substantial losses in yield each year. To date, however, the causal agents of this disease have yet to be conclusively identified. Based on morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, and the results of multi-locus sequence

Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is one of the main diseases affecting tomato plants. Three races (races 1, 2 and 3) of the pathogen have been described around the world, including in Brazil. Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State, is one of the leading tomato producing regions. During summer, farmers have reported severe losses caused by wilt disease. The present work

This study was conducted to determine quality criteria of raisins served to taste of consumers in local bazaars and identify their compliance with the standards. Raisin samples randomly taken from local bazaars in Midyat town of Mardin province and Beşiri town of Batman province were used as the material of the study. A total of 30 samples (15 from each town) were subjected to physicochemical analyses

This study was conducted to determine the pest species of Cicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha (Hemiptera), distribution and densities in vineyards agroecosystems in Erzincan and Tunceli provinces. In determining the species, the impact method, sweep-net capture method, vacuum insect collector (d-vac) method were used. Surveys were carried out at regular intervals (approximately once a month) in vineyard

Mariculture has a profound potential to meet the escalating demand for food. However, so far the understandings of spatiotemporal dynamics of mariculture and indicators of underlying mechanisms are altogether missing in the existing literature. Using high-resolution satellite images, here we provide a first ever detailed analysis to map the spatiotemporal dynamics and explore associated driving factors

Abnormal vertical growth (AVG) causes significant yield losses to the Australian macadamia industry and the cause is unknown. Studies on the spread of AVG and molecular analysis of trees with AVG symptoms suggest the involvement of a slow spreading pathogen that does not produce copious amount of inoculum nor is spread by flying insects. The possibility that Bacillus megaterium, elements of a bipartite

Although people generally have positive evaluations of natural environments and stimuli, theory and research suggest that certain biomes are more preferable than others. Existing theories often draw on evolutionary ideas and people’s familiarity with biome types, with familiarity being the most supported, albeit not conclusively, in existing research. Across three samples (n = 720) we sought to compare

Bremia lactucae is a devastating pathogen causing heavy yield losses in lettuce production worldwide. Long time it was thought to infect various members of the Asteraceae but recent phylogenetic investigations revealed that B. lactucae is restricted to cultivated Lactuca sativa and its wild progenitor Lactuca serriola. Many of the Dm resistance genes in cultivated lettuce were crossbred from L. serriola

A rapidly growing body of literature has explored associations between urban design attributes, which are conducive to walking, and social capital. The current study aimed to build on the limitations of previous research. Specifically, this study estimated the associations between traditional and novel walkable built environment metrics and social capital among a sample of adults in Japan. Data (n = 1010)

Current carnation cultivars have a wide range of flower colors, which is one of the important traits for the flower market. Since large numbers of commercial carnation cultivars bearing various flower colors and flower color patterns have been developed over the last few decades, a comprehensive understanding of the diversity of flower color characteristics has become difficult to achieve. In this

ABSTRACT Given the need to minimise the environmental impact of synthetic agrochemicals in agroecosystems and to increase the sustainability of production systems, it is necessary to identify alternative methods for weed management and crop protection. Regular pruning of evergreen trees, including Ficus retusa L., can provide large quantities of leaf litter and this study aimed to evaluate the use

Under Egyptian conditions, the white rot disease, caused by the soil borne fungus Stromatinia cepivora, causes a major problem in the production of onion and garlic crops. The current study aims to control this disease using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), biologically synthesized by Fusarium oxysporum. In in vitro assays, carried out on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) media

Rust fungi are generally considered low-risk pathogens in terms of resistance to fungicides. However, Puccinia horiana, which causes white rust in chrysanthemum, has developed resistance to various fungicides via mutations in genes encoding the target proteins of fungicides. We investigated cytochrome b haplotypes of 15 Japanese isolates of P. horiana. Among them, two were wild-type, and the others

Meloidogyne graminicola is responsible for large yield losses in flooded rice, a problem that is mainly associated with the limited efficacy of nematode management tactics. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of different products applied by seed treatment in controlling M. graminicola in flooded rice grown from polymer-coated and uncoated seeds. Greenhouse experiments were designed to investigate

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious pine disease present worldwide caused by the ascomycetous fungi Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini. Based on multiplex PCR analysis of 11 microsatellite markers screened on 253 D. septosporum isolates obtained from 32 sites across Slovakia, a total of 137 unique multilocus haplotypes (MLHs) were detected. The majority of MLHs (n = 91) were represented

Bacterial spot is a disease that affects tomato worldwide reducing its yield and quality. It is caused by different Xanthomonas spp., among which is Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Copper-based bactericides are generally used to control this disease, although nowadays sustainable strategies are being searched to efficiently replace their use. Our aim was to select native bacteria from tomato rhizosphere with

S. sclerotiorum is the causal agent of the white mould disease on common bean crops, one of the most threatening fungal diseases occurring across major bean production regions. Currently, there are no commercial cultivars with high levels of genetic resistance to white mould. The aim of this study was to analyse the population structure of 109 isolates of S. sclerotiorum from six dry bean fields in