During 2018–19, unusually higher incidences of inner cotton boll rot were reported in farmers’ fields from cotton growing tracts of Maharashtra. Extensive survey was conducted to investigate these instances of boll rot. An unusual emerging problem in cotton has been associated with reduced boll development and yield. Green bolls with and without any sign of damage were collected from farmers fields

Chinese prickly ash is an ecologically and economically important tree species. In southwestern China, its yield is low due to severe fruit and flower drop related to the relatively low nutrient status of shoots and/or flowers caused by a lack of nutrient supply. Therefore, studies on flower bud differentiation are of great importance to improve the yield of Chinese prickly ash. An orthogonal experimental

Tomato flowers are self-fertile, but require pollinators’ intervention to increase fruit setting. In this review paper, we present and discuss the current state of knowledge on tomato pollinators. Information on tomato pollinators was extracted from 49 scientific publications, 6 doctoral thesis documents, 4 books, 3 technical sheets, a compilation of conference abstracts and 3 internet publications

With an emphasis on the role of parks in urban environments, studies on soundscape, which assess sound quality, have focused on human perception. In particular, various studies have been conducted on the relationship between human behavioral characteristics and their sound environment. However, there is still insufficient research on human behavioral characteristics in the context of urban parks. The

This erratum is published as Third author name should be read as Elza Iouko Ida instead of Elza IoukoIda.

Water-soaked large spots on leaves, severe rot on the head and tissue collapse symptoms were observed on field-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in one of the most important lettuce growing areas in central Anatolia during 2018–2019. Bacteria were isolated from symptomatic lettuce plants. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on a curly lettuce variety, and the pathogenic strains were examined with biochemical

Potato ring rot and its causative pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) have been studied in Georgia for the first time. The samples were collected in the fields and potato storage facilities in various potato producing regions of Georgia. Potato tubers were also collected at agrarian markets and the border checkpoints, from which potatoes are imported from neighboring countries

Urban green infrastructure provides ecosystem services that are essential to human wellbeing. A dearth of national-scale assessments in the Global South has precluded the ability to explore how political regimes, such as the forced racial segregation in South Africa during and after Apartheid, have influenced the extent of and access to green infrastructure over time. We investigate whether there are

Salicylic acid (SA) is a phytohormone with a central role in plant protection against various types of stresses. Exogenous application of SA in plants often requires a fine adjustment of the pH in the applied solution as well as frequent foliar sprays with a rigorous handling of doses. This work investigates the preparation and characterization of nanocomposites composed of bentonite clays (Bent) and

Variation in susceptibility of 28 Prunus rootstock genotypes to the causal agents of Armillaria root rot, Armillaria mellea, A. solidipes, and Desarmillaria tabescens, were studied by conducting in vitro root screening assays. Root segments with wounded and intact periderm were placed next to and on the top of the fungal cultures. At day 21, the percent success of fungal penetration and the circumferential

Macrophomina phaseolina is a typical soilborne fungal pathogen causing crown and root rot in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) worldwide. M. phaseolina has become a major problem for strawberry growers parallel to the phase-out of methyl-bromide since 2004 and is considered the most destructive soilborne pathogen of strawberry since then. Global warming is characterized by extreme weather conditions

In this study, 1921 flower were pollinated, 484 hybrid seeds were sown, of which 41 plants were cultivated only on 6 crossing combinations. The analysis of the formed hybrid fruits and seeds of Gr. reclinata ×R. nigrum showed that the fruit weight varies between 3.5–4.5 gr, the shape is round-oval, the diameter is more than 20 mm, and the color is maroon. The number of seeds per berry varies from 6

The aim of the present study was to determine macro- and micro-elements of fruits commonly available on the Czech market and estimate their daily reference intake. The locally produced Czech fruits (grape wine, apples, pears, plums and peaches) and exotic fruits (physalis, kiwifruit, fig and avocado) were analysed. The determination of mineral elements was carried out with the validated Atomic Absorption

Since the 1980s, “new urbanism” and “smart growth” have been advocated in the United States, which promote compact urban forms to cope with the environmental and ecological problems caused by urban sprawl. However, there is no uniformity in terms of the spatiotemporal characterization of urban forms. Lack of detailed 3-D urban landscape information makes it difficult to evaluate urbanization trajectories

Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is the most widely cultivated mushroom globally. Wet bubble disease (WBD), mainly caused by Mycogone perniciosa, is a major threat to A. bisporus production worldwide. In the current study, it was expected to select safe fungicides that can successfully control WBD on mushroom due to the biological similarity of A. bisporus and M. perniciosa. The in vitro sensitivity

Condition and care are key expressions of landscape stewardship and are especially important in managing vacant urban lands. In this context, visible signs of stewardship have been associated with increased neighborhood sense of place whereas signs of physical disorder reflect perceived and actual crime. To date, assessments of condition/care and disorder using neighborhood audits have shown good reliability

Indigenous planning scholars have called for a planning framework that prioritizes Indigenous and community values and traditions while incorporating western planning techniques. Geodesign, an interdisciplinary planning method that uses systems thinking, geospatial technologies, and community participation to address environmental, social, and governance issues throughout the planning process, offers

Ginseng, a semi-shade perennial plant, is greatly affected by light. However, light quality has only been studied in a few papers involving growth tests under monochromatic light or based on hairy root cultures. A plant factory with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may provide high precision and standardization of ginseng seedlings for transplanting, and plant responses to light quality should be investigated

Pecan bacterial leaf scorch (PBLS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa has been reported in Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. Accurate methods are critical for the early detection of X. fastidiosa, but the validation of current diagnostic tools for pecan has yet to be investigated. Collected petioles, leaflets, and shoots from pecan and other Carya relatives in Texas, Indiana

Huanglongbing disease affects the Rutaceae family and is associated with three phloem-limited bacterium species: Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, africanus and americanus. These species are considered quarantine pathogens in the world, and pose major risks for citrus production and industry. Due to the low titer and the uneven distribution of the bacteria within its host plant, conventional PCR detection

A total of 377 lines from Sorghum Association Panel (SAP) grouped into 10 subpopulations based on eight phenotypic traits, including flag leaf width, terminal branch length, flag leaf height, and flowering time and genetic data were evaluated for grain mold resistance by inoculating them with Alternaria alternata alone, a mixture of A. alternata, Fusarium thapsinum, and Curvularia lunata, and untreated

Golden-leaf privet (Ligustrum × vicaryi) is widely used as a horticultural shrub because of its upper golden leaves, but its lower leaves are green. However, the putative mechanisms of its upper golden leaves and the leaf color changes in response to light shifts have not been well studied so far. Here, chlorophylls (Chl), carotenoids, and Chl precursors from both golden and green leaves grown in full

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the mycotoxins produced by its causal agents in oats (Avena sativa L.) have become a growing problem in northern countries over the last decades. The development of resistant cultivars would offer a highly needed and economical solution to the problem. To tackle the high genotype×environment interaction of FHB, a combined analysis was carried out on eight greenhouse and

Buxus spp. are possibly endangered by fungal pathogens of the genus Calonectria. The first documented occurrence of the pathogen Calonectria pseudonaviculata in the Czech Republic, in 2010, was on young plants in a plant production nursery. In 2017 and 2018, Calonectria spp. were monitored on established landscape plants in 27 historical gardens. Leaf spots and dieback of the plants were recorded in

Fungal pathogens secrete effector molecules into host plant cells to suppress host immunity to colonize plants. Ongoing efforts are being made to identify and characterize effector proteins in many fungal plant pathogens. Nevertheless, the precise biological and biochemical functions of many effectors, such as their trafficking from the pathogen to the host, have yet to be fully understood. In this

The increase in the supply of public rental housing since 1989 has mitigated the low-income housing shortage and contributed to stabilizing the housing market in South Korea. However, despite this policy-driven achievement, the living environment quality of public rental housing and its relationship to residents’ social capital and health have not been thoroughly examined. Using survey data from 3009

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a useful technique for the non-destructive analysis of fruit quality. The key quality parameters of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) that affect consumer preference are the soluble solids content (SSC), pH, firmness, and seedlessness. This research focused on using NIR spectroscopy for assessing the quality of ‘Kyoho’ table grapes, as a non-destructive analysis under

Viral pathogens reduce the quality and yield of apple (Malus domestica) fruits by 30–50%. A mass production system of virus-free apple plantlets is needed to meet the demand of the domestic fruit tree industry. In this study, we compared the production of virus-free plants in different in vitro culture systems, including a temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB), a continuous immersion bioreactor, and

Development of a sustainable agriculture is a current trend searching for alternative and more environmentally friendly strategies to control crop diseases. The necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould, affects crops pre- and post-harvest and cause huge economical losses. Microorganisms and microbially-derived elicitors are known to induce plant defences. Here, we study

Eleven coelomycetous fungi were isolated from diseased leaves of Lasia spinosa (Araceae) in Guangxi Province, China. These isolates produced sporodochial and myrothecium-like conidiomata. Multi-gene analyses (ITS, LSU, cmdA, rpb2, tub2 and tef1) showed that these isolates belonged to Xepicula group with a close relationship to X. leucotricha, but formed an independent branch with high bootstrap support

Needle nematodes are polyphagous root-ectoparasites parasitizing a wide range of economically important plants not only by directly feeding on root cells, but also by transmitting nepoviruses. This study deciphers the diversity of the complex Longidorus goodeyi through integrative diagnosis method, based on a combination of morphological, morphometrical, multivariate analysis and molecular data. A

Urban biotic homogenization is expected to be especially important in residential yards, where similar human preferences and management practices across environmentally heterogeneous regions might lead to the selection of similar plant species, closely related species, and/or species with similar sets of traits. We investigated how different yard management practices determine yard plant diversity

In mountain landscapes, agricultural abandonment is taking place in the most vulnerable areas, while intensification increases in the most productive lands. These contrasting processes, which have different impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES), are related to changes in the farming system component of these landscapes. Farming systems are identified based on farmer’s decisions on, for

Wilderness has recently re-emerged as a key landscape quality in the public debate in Europe, experiencing renewed appreciation in terms of tourism and nature conservation. At the same time, wilderness has turned into a critical matter of conflict, calling for a better understanding of the public’s varied views on wilderness and the spatial localisation of areas of potential conflict. In this paper

Pythium myriotylum is a destructive soil-borne phytopathogen, causing yield losses in ginger and many other crops. Environmental and regulatory concerns drive the need to find biological alternatives to conventional pesticides used to manage P. myriotylum. Trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) alone, and fermentation broth from strains of symbiotic bacteria of eight species of entomopathogenic nematodes alone

Extensive plum production in Serbia has led to a reduction in yield, quality and economic profitability, a transition to intensive production is necessary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different generative (Prunus cerasifera, Prunus cerasifera +Prunus spinosa) and vegetative (WaVit, WeiWa) rootstocks in a dense planting system (4 m × 2 m). The experiment was conducted

Symptoms of severe stunting, little leaf, yellowing and axillary shoot proliferation were recorded on chickpea plants in three northern states of India (New Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan) during January–March, 2017–2018 with disease incidences of 6–56%. Nested PCR assays with phytoplasma-specific universal primer pairs (P1/P7 and 3Far/3Rev) and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the association

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) is an important soil-borne disease of cucumber in several parts of the world. In this study, we employed amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers along with bulked segregant analysis (BSA), in order to identify structural markers linked to the Foc gene that governs resistance to FOC races 1, 2 and 3 in the resistant cv

The increasing threat of terrorist attacks requires the protection of urban spaces. The protective function of currently available protection systems is often clearly visible, which can even increase the perceived threat. This is acceptable for temporary solutions, but in the long run it contradicts the idea of a modern and open society. For continuous use, new solutions should be considered that are

The effects of nature interactions on multiple aspects of human subjective wellbeing are increasingly well understood. Although nature experience has been shown to be positively associated with life satisfaction, it remains unknown whether the diversity of nature experiences contributes to increased life satisfaction and whether the relationship is mediated by a person’s strength of connection with

This study investigated whether the impacts of a commonly used wellbeing intervention, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), are enhanced when combined with the benefits of exposure to a natural environment. Participants (n = 99) were randomly assigned to a weekly one-hour MBSR in one of three different environments (i.e. natural outdoor, built outdoor and indoor environments) over a six-week

The associations between petal pigments and scent compounds of Rosa hybrida were determined in eight commercial cultivars with different petal-colors, visually classified as four petal-color groups: ‘Beast’ and 'Marilyn Monroe' in white (W), ‘Good Time’ and ‘Penny Lane’ in yellow (Y), ‘Ahoi’ and ‘Pink Condor’ in pink (P), and ‘Pearl Red’ and ‘Vital’ in red (R). The petal pigments were distinct by visual

This study was performed to evaluate the waterlogging tolerance of Cornell-Geneva (G11, G202, G214, G935, CG4814, and CG5087), M26, and M9 apple rootstocks. After grafting ‘Fuji’ scions on each type of rootstock, grafted trees were planted in 17-L pots and grown in a greenhouse under well-irrigated conditions. Sixteen weeks after planting, grown trees were divided into two groups: one group was drip-irrigated

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a representative root crop of the Brassicaceae family and is important to the vegetable seed industry in East Asia. Due to its agronomic importance, various molecular markers, genetic maps, genomic resources, and genome assemblies of radish have been developed during the past decade. Marker integration and comparative mapping using these resources will accelerate genetic

Phytopathogens causing mycotoxicoses in maize are a potential threat to grain quality and availability in many maize producing countries including South Africa. The use of natural biological agents for controlling maize fusariosis and many other such plant diseases, as opposed to the more traditional use of chemicals, is growing in popularity globally, as a greater emphasis gets placed on public health

Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.), is a fruit species of Prunus in the subgenus cerasus in Rosaceae (Rosaceae) family. It is closely related to the sweet cherry, but it has a more acidic fruit. Two major cherry tree varieties are grown in Turkey. One of them is ’Kutahya’ cherry which suitable for use with all types of fruit and the other one is ‘Hungarian Cherry’ cultivation has spread to all regions

Fire blight disease, caused by plant pathogenic bacteria Erwinia amylovora represents a global threat for pome fruit industry, affecting yield and causing serious economic damage. During six year period (2011–2016), a total of 45 isolates typical for E. amylovora were isolated from four different host plants (apple, pear, quince and medlar) in 21 localities within four Serbian regions (Southeast, Central

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Pratylenchus brachyurus parasitism on the vegetative and nematological parameters of soybean, as well as on the productivity, composition, isoflavone profile and antioxidant capacity of the grains. A completely randomized design with four nematode inoculum levels (0, 500, 1000 and 2000) was used. Plants without P. brachyurus presented higher productivity

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between nitrogen source and calcium on tomato. A soilless culture experiment was accordingly carried out using four different ratios of NO3:NH4 (N1 = 1:0, N2 = 3:1, N3 = 1:1, N4 = 1:3) and three concentrations of Ca (2, 4, and 8 mmol/l) to grow the tomato fruits. The results showed that the Ca application increased the Ca levels in the fruits, yield,

The soilborne oomycete pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum causes damping-off and root rot in a wide range of economically important crops and vegetables. Effective P. aphanidermatum disease management is hindered by the lack of accurate pathogen detection methods. We developed a TaqMan-based real-time PCR tool for efficient detection and quantification of P. aphanidermatum presence in plant and soil samples

Genetic linkage map of pear ((Pyrus pyrifolia × P. communis) × P. pyrifolia) was constructed to validate the effectiveness of the two-enzyme approach in GBS library preparation. In addition, allele inheritance was analyzed to investigate the usefulness of the pear pseudo-BC1 in genetic analysis. A total of 905 GBS-SNPs and 69 SSRs were anchored in 17 linkage groups with total genetic distance of 1760

This study compared the physicochemical properties and sensory quality of fresh lotus seeds of ‘Mantianxing’ and ‘No.36 space lotus’. The results showed that along with the maturation of seeds, the seed shell color changed from green to brown and that of the plumule turned from yellow to green. In addition, the moisture content decreased, the hardness significantly increased, and the plumpness remained

In an attempt to improve growth and flowering of Hippeastrum ‘Apple Blossom’ grown in areas of tropical climate, the effect of root-zone cooling on root growth and flowering was investigated. Hippeastrum bulbs were harvested and transplanted to grow in planting-beds using expanded clay as the growing medium. The root-zone cooling methods were conducted using three treatments, namely T1) no cooling

Urbanization leads to land-use changes and landscape fragmentation, impacting natural habitats and their connectivity. In principle, many local decision-makers are obliged to adopt a mitigation hierarchy whereby development projects must be designed to avoid impacts on biodiversity, reduce, and ultimately compensate for the remaining impacts to reach the goal of no net loss (NNL) of biodiversity. In

Recently, more and more new fungal pathogens have been described as causal agents of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), which lead to increasingly significant economic losses in viticulture worldwide. The genus Neofabraea consists of species mainly known as important plant pathogens causing perennial canker and bull’s eye rot, a common postharvest disease of apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis)

Viral pathogens significantly affect pear growth and reduce annual production across the world. This study aimed to examine whether conventional virus elimination methods, including thermotherapy (0, 7, 14 and 21 d at 38 °C), meristem culture (less than 0.2 mm, between 0.2 to 0.7 mm and larger than 0.7 mm) and adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants can lead to virus-free pear seedlings

The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) in the penetration, development, and multiplication of P. brachyurus in maize. For this, maize seedlings cv. AL Bandeirantes, after 10 days of germination, were inoculated with 800 nematodes. Part of the plants were treated with ASM sprayed at the dose 0.25 g a.i. L−1, while another part were inoculated but not treated

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is one of the most destructive wheat diseases worldwide. F. graminearum is the dominant pathogen of FHB in Henan Province. Epoxiconazole is a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide, and is the main fungicide for controlling FHB in China. In this study, 118 F. graminearum isolates were collected from different regions