The indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides has led to the emergence of resistant populations of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), hindering its control and causing economic damage to brassica production. Thus, in order to seek control alternatives, this study aimed at assessing the bioactivity of the ethanolic extracts of Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae), Annona coriacea

A pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of salicylic acid on qualitative and quantitative attributes of tomato plants under salinity stress at Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar during the summer season 2016. The experiment was conducted in a shade house and laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) having 12 treatments and replicated thrice. After 15 days of transplantation

Herbizide Wirkstoffe werden in kommerziellen Produkten manchmal mit Safenern kombiniert, um die Verträglichkeit des Herbizids für die Kulturpflanze zu gewährleisten. Dabei regen Safener meist die Metabolisierung von Herbiziden in der Kulturpflanze an. Das Herbizid Isoxaflutole (IFT) wird in Mais mit dem Safener Cyprosulfamid (CSA) als Co-Formulierung angewendet. In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob

Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a substantial pest of Okra crop, Abelmoschus esculentus, that caused substantial losses through sucking cell sap. On the basis of susceptibility, a field experiment was carried out to assess the different genotypes of A. esculentus during growing season (July–August) against B. tabaci. Plant genotype resistance and vigor were also evaluated in this

Considering that some bioactive compounds are more soluble in ethanol than in water, we tried to evaluate the bioactivity of the ethanolic extracts of Alibertia edulis, Alibertia intermedia and Alibertia sessilis leaves at concentrations of 1 and 3% on the biological characteristics of parental and F1 generations of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Thus, the ethanolic

Deficiencies in water and nitrogen (N) can lead to poor crop growth and production. This study was carried out during 2012–2014 to determine (1) the effect of drip irrigation regimes and N fertilizer rates on root length density (RLD) of corn (Zea mays L. cv. Single cross 704) and soil moisture dynamics and (2) the relationship between root development and water availability. The experiment was arranged

Salinization of the agricultural soil, caused by natural factors or human activities, is one of the greatest challenges facing food production in the current time, as it negatively affects soil construction along with growth and yield of crops. In this study, an experiment was conducted on mallow plants (Corchorus olitorius L.) growing in pots to determine the effect of Na2SO4 stress on growth, physio-biochemical

Tropical soils are mostly poor in phosphorus and sometimes in nitrogen and potassium. Arbuscular mycorrhizae increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizers applied to crops, and this work is part of this framework. NPK (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) was applied at 100 kg per ha and 200 kg per ha alone or in combination with inoculum from sorghum or leek in soil (pH 4.28). The trial was conducted

Crude plant extracts have been used as insecticides from ancient times. Keeping in view the environmental issues related to the excessive use of insecticides, plant derived products have been intensively investigated for their insecticidal potential. Alpinia galanga, a medicinal plant belonging to family Zingiberaceae exhibits a wide range of biologicial activities. Thus, the present study aims to

The use of composts appears to be a promising strategy to promote plant growth performance and to enhance soil fertility under field conditions. The objective of the present study was to select the best organic amendment able to enhance garlic growth, yield, physiological and biochemical parameters, as well as to improve soil fertility. The experiment was carried out under field conditions using three

The efficacy of forty treatments of inorganic salts as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides for suppressing damping-off of cotton seedlings was evaluated. Seed treatments at rates of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g salt per kg seeds were applied. The results showed that potassium phosphate monobasic (2 g per kg seeds) was the least effective salt in controlling the disease, while ammonium phosphate dibasic

Studies on residual efficacy of insecticides with reduced risk are necessary for strategies on their use and application frequency. Within these insecticides, insect growth regulators, such as pyriproxyfen, have been successfully used to control stored grain pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual efficacy of pyriproxyfen in larvae of the stored grain pests Oryzaephilus surinamensis

The tomato is an important fruit, both fresh and processed, for human nutrition worldwide, and plays a significant role in agriculture. Especially in the agricultural system where chemical fertilizers are not used, there may be significant differences in the quantity and quality of tomatoes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of four types of fertilizer applications (microbial

In den Jahren 2017 und 2018 wurden im Landkreis Leer im Nordwesten Niedersachsens neun Versuche zum Einfluss von Untersaaten auf die Unkrautvegetation im langjährigen Maisanbau durchgeführt. Es wurden drei Versuchsglieder getestet, in denen der Mais ohne Untersaat oder mit zwei verschiedenen Gräsern (Lolium spp., Festuca rubra) als Untersaat angebaut wurde. Die Unkrautbekämpfung mit Herbiziden wurde

Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) are essential micronutrients for both human and plants, but their deficiency is prevalent in the world, especially in developing countries including India and Pakistan. Therefore, zinc and iron biofortification of wheat and other cereal crops is being urgently addressed and highly prioritized as a research topic. Thus, a field study was planned in a silty-loam soil under conventional

Chromium (Cr) is a toxic metal usually found in soil and water, causing environmental pollution. Silicon (Si), however, has excelled in alleviating the stress caused by toxic elements in plants, and its beneficial role was mainly based on external and internal plant mechanisms. This study investigates whether and how Si influences the alleviation of Cr toxicity in wheat at the physiological and biochemical

Lilies are one of the most important bulbous plants as cut flowers. In the present study, the effect of foliar sprays of different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) (0.00, 0.25, and 0.50 mM) and salicylic acid (SA) (0.00, 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mM) was investigated at four stages of pre-harvest on qualitative and quantitative traits of Lilium ‘Navona’. The studied traits included number of buds, number

The ability of some medicinal plants was explored to control bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. The plants tested included Peganum harmala, Allium sativum, Withania somnifera, Melia azedarach, Calotropis procera, Mentha piperita and Nerium oleander. Aqueous extracts of P. harmala and M. piperita proved to be very effective under in vitro conditions

Charcoal rot incited by Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the major diseases of green gram and black gram in Pakistan reducing yields up to 40%. As there are no long-term control strategies for this seed- and soil-borne pathogen, therefore, in the present study, seven indigenous species of Trichoderma were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo effectiveness against M. phaseolina with the objective

Anaerobic digestion (AD) produces bioenergy and bio-fertilizer. However, weed seeds can contaminate the substrates for biogas production. This work assesses seed viability of four weeds species origin from Germany and China under AD conditions at 37, 42 and 52 °C with different retention times. All investigated seeds were inactivated after 12 h at 52 °C, 128 h at 42 °C and 512 h at 37 °C under AD treatment

In this study the positive effects of Glomus intraradices symbiosis on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. “Crimson Sweet” and “Charleston Gray” in response to chilling stress were investigated. When subjected to chilling stress, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-inoculated watermelon seedlings exhibited significantly higher root and shoot dry mass

The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a well-known pest of vegetables and ornamental cash crops including tomato plant. Tomato plant disorders, in many instances, are related mostly with the silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) feeding. It is well thought out that tomato plant is one of the most favorable host plants for the whitefly. Thus we aimed to study distinctive morphological characteristics of

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most widely consumed fruit vegetables throughout the world. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid (0.00, 0.001, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mM) and two methods of its application (foliar spraying or seed priming) were investigated on morphological and physiological traits of greenhouse cucumber cv. Dream. The application

The present study deals with the eco-synthesis and effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on pea (Pisum sativum L.). AgNPs were synthesized by using gelatine/glucose mixture as a reducing/stabilizing agent for silver nitrate. The AgNPs were characterized and their effects on early growth and cytotoxicity on cell division and chromosomes have been studied. Seeds of Pisum sativum cv. Master B were soaked

Erratum to: Gesunde Pflanzen 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00481-7 Unfortunately the authors have forgotten to add the “Acknowledgments” section to this paper. The section should be as …

This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of ethanolic extracts from different parts of some Annona species (A. montana, A. muricata and A. sylvatica) against T. absoluta. In the initial screening, the ethanolic extracts from leaves and seeds of A. muricata promoted pronounced lethality and growth inhibition of T. absoluta larvae by means of residual contact and translaminar action. However, these

Aqueous extracts and green manures of different parts of Adhatoda vasica, a wild medicinal shrub plant, were tested in vitro and in vivo for the control of bacterial wilt (BW) in tomato. Higher concentration (14%, w/v) of aqueous extracts of leaf, succlent shoot and stem were more effective than the lower concentrations and inhibited the in vitro growth of the pathogen by 94, 89, and 65% respectively

The current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as an alternative strategy for the sustainable control of Nilaparvata lugens. Three species of EPF, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii, were tested against N. lugens with two suspensions of each tested EPF applied in different treatments. The observed mortality of N. lugens adults

Soil is a medium for plant growth and provides support, minerals and water to the plant for survival. Soil salinity declines availability of water to the plant, affect microorganisms growth, and water drainage capacity of soil, which adversely affect plant growth and development. In the present work the effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on growth and yield of salinity stressed tomato (Lycopersicon

Coccinella septempunctata L. is a dominant predator of herbivorous pest insects (e.g. aphids) in various crops in Pakistan. A series of bioassays were conducted to determine the sublethal and residual activities of six insecticides, which are commonly used in canola crop (Brassica napus L.) in Pakistan on adult and fourth instar larvae of Coccinella septempunctata L. in laboratory conditions. We measured

Eine Voraussetzung für die Verhinderung der weiteren Ausbreitung des invasiven Neophyten Beifußblättrige Ambrosie (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) aus Nordamerika ist ein effektives Monitoring zum Auffinden von Nestern und Einzelpflanzen in den entsprechenden Naturräumen. Berührungslos arbeitende Kamerasensoren an landwirtschaftlichen, kommunalen und Luft-Fahrzeugen sind ein geeignetes Mittel, um große

Erratum to: Gesunde Pflanzen 2019 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00469-3 Unfortunately there was a technical problem with the conversion of the formulas in the PDF file of this article. The hyphen between chlorophyll‑a and chlorophyll‑b, as well as between pheophytin‑a and pheophytin‑b was not inserted …

Phytopathogenic fungi infect plants during growth, development, and harvest and their products during postharvest storage and transport. Fungicides are applied indiscriminately to combat these pathogens, posing a serious threat to humans, animals, and the environment. Some filamentous fungi also produce mycotoxins, which pose further problems. In this study we evaluated the antifungal activity of Saussurea

The aim of this study was to identify a Mexican native basidiomycete strain with antagonistic potential against phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal activity of fifteen isolates against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum sp., Stemphylium solani, Botrytis cinerea, Epicoccum nigrum, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria solani was studied in

The traditional methods of propagation of hazelnuts are time-consuming and not satisfactory at the commercial level. Therefore, the goal of current investigation was to optimize micropropagation of three commercial cultivars of hazelnut including ‘Gercheh’, ‘Gerdooyi’ and ‘Pashmineh’. In the present experiment, the effects of four levels of Benzylaminopurine (BAP; 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 and 4.00 mg L−1)

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of deficit irrigation and mulching on morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of 15-year-old Konservolia olive trees in Dallaho Olive Research Station in Kermanshah province, Iran, in 2014 and 2015. The experiments were conducted in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor included irrigation

Two pot experiments were directed under open field conditions where green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants cv. Valentino were irrigated with four levels of salinity (1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm) combined with two anti-salinity agents (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi [AMF] Glomus irradicans 10% w/w, Bacillus megaterium [10 ml/pot] and non-inoculated plants as control) to counteract the negative effect

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 10 and 20 min seed soaking in Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus polymixa suspension culture on seed germination, seedling growth and essential oil yield of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Up to day 13, 20 min of B. polymixa suspension culture soaking seeds had shown germination more than 20%, whereas control seeds did not begin germination until day

A greenhouse-based in vitro investigation was carried out to determine the adaptation of Commelina communis L. to water stress and its deleterious influence on growth and seed production of C. communis. Plant height and number of leaves were regressed for two experiments (degree of water stress and durations of water stress) using three parameter sigmoid model. Different degree of water response for

In the past few years, a considerable decrease in growth and development of landscape plants was recorded, possibly due to chronic exposure to toxic pollutants, with dust probably playing a major role. In the current study, Murraya paniculata were grown in a greenhouse for a period of 4 months, during which roadside dust was sprinkled daily on the slightly damp leaves at different concentrations:

In the current study, the beneficial role of proline (Pro) and glycinebetaine (GB) in alleviating high temperature (HT) stress was investigated in Brassica napus L. (rapeseed) seedlings. Ten-d-old rapeseed seedlings were treated with and/or without 2 mM Pro and 2 mM GB and exposed to 38/28 °C day/night (16 and 8 h) temperature for 24 and 48 h. Heat stress induced high amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

Alternaria leaf spots caused by Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata are a major foliar disease of potatoes. Reduced sensitivity of A. solani and A. alternata towards Quinone outside inhibitors (QoI) fungicides has been observed in Europe. QoI-insensitive A. alternata isolates carry a G143A amino acid exchange caused by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the cytochrome b gene. A. solani

In this study, field and laboratory experiments were carried out in order to develop a biological control strategy against mustard aphid by using extracts of five tobacco varieties (Beeri wala, Balkhi, Pattay wala, Desi Tobacco and Hazropattar). Two extraction methods were used: extraction through boiling of leaves (ETBL) and extraction through overnight water soaking of leaves (ETOWSL). Mustard variety

The herbicidal potential of nine phenolic acids including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic, syringic, vanillic, gallic, salicylic, ferulic, p-coumaric and caffeic acid were evaluated against Corchorus olitorius and Phalaris minor weeds at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mM. The effectiveness of phenolic acids on germination depended on target seed, specific phenolic acid and concentration.

In this study, the effect of industrial air pollution on developmental stages and pollen germination, pollen tube growth and fruit set of the apple cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Golab’ was studied. For this purpose, the flowers of the apple cultivars used were collected in early spring among the trees of the same age from Astaneh region as the non-polluted region, the region around the refinery

Heat shock stress causes alteration in the physiological and molecular characteristics in plants due to the generation of reactive oxygen species which cause reduction in plant growth. In this study, four maize hybrids (Sc122, TWC 321, TWC 324 and TWC 352) were grown under normal temperature (25 °C) and after 12 days, a set of the four hybrids with three replicates was exposed to heat shock (45 °C)

Alternaria burnsii is the causal agent of cumin blight, a seed-borne disease of economic concern for all cumin growing areas. Current detection and identification methods for the pathogen are based on visual examination of morphological features, which are time-consuming and laborious. The present study describes conventional and real-time PCR assays for rapid and accurate detection of A. burnsii in

Biocontrol potential of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) was investigated under laboratory conditions against maize stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Three dose rates of B. bassiana (1 × 104, 1 × 106 and 1 × 108 conidia/ml) and one of B. thuringiensis (0.75 µg/g) were applied alone and in combination against 2nd and 4th larval

There is a remarkable diversity among sorghum species; hence it requires a powerful marker system for genome characterisation. RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) is a very favourable technique used to distinguish the sorghum genotypes due to its clarity and speed. We observed genetic diversity among 30 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes using RAPD markers. Sixteen RAPD markers produced

Phytoinsecticides are considered as an effective and environment friendly alternative to synthetic chemicals for integrated pest management. Asteraceae, the largest plant family is well known for its enormously diverse characteristic content of sesquiterpene lactones. In this study the biological activity of hexane extract of Inula racemosa (Hook) was evaluated against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)

The study deals with the effect of low pressure dielectric barrier discharge (LPDBD) plasma and plasma activated water (PAW) produced with Ar, O2 and Air on germination and growth in rapeseed. Although H2O2 concentration showed no significant changes, α‑amylase activity (germination inducer) significantly increased in seeds due to LPDBD plasma. In addition, the activity of SOD and CAT was significantly

The objective of this study was to investigate the drought-related adaptation strategies of two quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars grown under controlled conditions. After 34 days of growth, water was withheld until plants were severely wilted, then they were re-watered and left to recover. 20 days later the experiment was reproduced. We analyzed growth, biomass, stomatal density, leaf water

Alfalfa is the most forage crop cultivated in Mediteranean area where salinity is one of the main limiting factors for its production. Thus, a consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) isolated from the Aoufous palmeraie, Morocco, and autochthonous rhizobia strain (RhLO1) or their combination (AM + RhLO1) were tested for their efficiency to improve alfalfa tolerance to salinity. The grass waste

The need to preserve and enhance biodiversity in agricultural landscapes is widely accepted. In the case of maize, there is a chance to combine production and biodiversity in the same field by microsegregation: wildflowers are sown between the future maize rows after harvest of the last main crop. These wildflower strips provide flowers and vegetation structure within fields and favour biodiversity

Verhalten und Lebensweise des Ackerbohnenkäfers wurden während der Vegetationsperioden 2016–2018 im Freiland und Labor studiert. Der Fokus der Beobachtungen lag vor allem auf Bewegungsmuster der Imagines, Eientwicklung, Ernährung, Mortalität der Käfer und ihrer Entwicklungsstadien. Zusätzlich erfolgten Studien zur Biologie.Bereits zu Flugbeginn dominierten die Männchen, später existierte ein ausgewogenes

Physalis peruviana L. belongs to the family Solanaceae and is considered as plant used for treating various diseases. The protective mechanism of Physalis consists of the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to enhance the antioxidant system in the human body. The ethanolic extract of Physalis peruviana fruits contains valuable and active compounds such as carotenoids, phenols, flavonoids

Sensorgestützte Sprühgeräte ermöglichen es, die Applikation von Pflanzenschutzmitteln im Obstbau besser an den Bestand anzupassen. Dadurch kann Pflanzenschutzmittel eingespart und die Abdrift reduziert werden. Bisher werden dazu überwiegend im Verbund angeordnete Infrarotsensoren eingesetzt, um den Bestand abzutasten und die Applikation zu steuern. Auf der Suche nach alternativen Sensorsystemen wurde

Unter der Annahme, dass keine unbeabsichtigten Leckagen Beizstaub freisetzen, sind die Säschare hinsichtlich der Beizstaubemission von besonderer Bedeutung. Bislang sind keine Untersuchungen bekannt, die gezielt die Freisetzung von Staub im Bereich der Säschare untersuchen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein Messaufbau untersucht, mit dem die Staubfreisetzung von einzelnen Säscharen bewertet werden

Application of bio-fertilizers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers is a step towards sustainable agriculture and healthy agricultural production. The current experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications in a research greenhouse. The treatments consisted of five different nutritional plans, i. e. bio-fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, bio-fertilizer

Der Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln soll in Deutschland auf das notwendige Maß begrenzt werden. Dadurch wird die Umwelt entlastet und die Anwendungskosten für Pflanzenschutzmaßnahmen gesenkt (BMEL 2013). Einen Beitrag dazu liefert die Fahrgassenabschaltung bei Feldspritzgeräten, wodurch eine Aussparung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln in der Fahrgasse während der Applikation ermöglicht wird. Ziel des Projekts