The effect of weed control in chickpea crop was assessed during 2011–12 and 2012-–13 in two-year experimentation at Ahmad Wala Research Station district Karak, Pakistan. Both experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with split-split-plot arrangement, each treatment replicated four times. Five chickpea varieties were selected for this research as factor A that included three Desi

The goal of the present study was to determine whether grafting of watermelon on gourd rootstocks could improve alkalinity tolerance and to investigate the physiological and morphological response mechanisms of the grafted plants under different pH levels. The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber to investigate growth, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area, stem length, shoot and root

To assess whether grafting could improve the nitrogen (N) efficiency of potato cultivars and to determine which physiological and morphological characteristics are predominantly contributing to N efficiency, a hydroponic experiment was conducted. Two contrasting potato cultivars (Agria: N‑efficient and Van Gogh: N‑inefficient) were grafted reciprocally onto each other. Grafted and non-grafted control

Vegetables in the tropics are grown continuously throughout the year due to the favorable climate. Unfortunately, leafy vegetables are often damaged because of slugs and snails. These mollusks and other herbivores cause different levels of defoliation to plants which can significantly impact their growth, production, and quality of the harvested product. A study was carried out in order to artificially

Globally, rationalizing and converting each drop of irrigation water into food is a crucial act in agricultural production, particularly with climatic change concerns. Thus, the current study seeks to find an integral practice between irrigation pattern and weed control for saving the irrigation water in peanut fields with improving the nutritional value of the seeds. In sandy loam soil, under two

A factorial split-plot experiment (2015–17) was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Karaj, Iran, to investigate the quantitative and qualitative responses of rapeseed genotypes to the exogenous application of salicylic acid at various plant densities. Three plant densities (40, 50, and 60 plants m−2) and two levels of application of salicylic acid (non-application

The two-location field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of Thiobacillus and different levels of sulfur fertilizer on growth and physiological indices in the replacement intercropping of sesame and mung bean. A factorial experiment was performed based on a randomized complete block design in 3 replications in 2018. The experimental factors consisted of cropping ratio at five levels:

Foliar application of micronutrients and plant growth regulators (PGRs) is one of the strategies of plant-feeding direct through leaves to allow rapid uptake irrespective of soil condition. This is the best way to enhance nutrient balance and its accumulation in the crops that, in turn, lead to improved crop yield and quality. This research studied the effect of boron (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) and

In this experiment, Jimai 22 was used as test material to investigate the impacts of acetochlor on the growth characteri*stics of dryland wheat and its residue in wheat grain and soil under field conditions. The results showed that acetochlor at a dosage of 750 g hm−2 could effectively control weeds in wheat fields and benefit the growth of wheat in dryland. The plant height, ear length, number of

The use of herbicides and growth regulators in agricultural crops to reduce vegetative growth is widely studied worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic traits of upland rice subjected to low doses of glufosinate-ammonium applied at different development stages. The treatments consisted of five low doses (0; 15; 30; 60; and 100 g a.i. ha−1; a.i.: active ingredient) of glufosinate-ammonium

Schwellenwerte im Pflanzenschutz sollen einen Anhaltspunkt geben, bei welcher Schaderregerdichte eine Bekämpfung mit Pflanzenschutzmitteln erfolgen soll bzw. wirtschaftlich sinnvoll ist. Für zahlreiche Ackerbaukulturen sind in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten Schwellenwerte erarbeitet bzw. festgesetzt worden. Wirtschaftliche Schadensschwellen, Bekämpfungsschwellen sowie Bekämpfungsrichtwerte sind Begriffe

Management of plant nutrition using fertilizers is an approach to deal with drought and to increase water productivity in paddies. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and drought stress on water use efficiency (WUE) and physiological traits of Gilaneh rice in split-plot experiments based on a randomized complete block design with three

Combining tillage with herbicides is an economical and efficient method for weed management and yield improvement in wheat. A two-year study was conducted having three tillage levels viz. 2″ tillage (shallow tillage, ST), 4″ tillage (conventional tillage, CT) and 6″ tillage (deep tillage, DT). The weed control treatments were five including three herbicides i.e. bromoxynil + MCPA (a broad-leaf weed

Die acht allgemeinen Grundsätze des integrierten Pflanzenschutzes (IPS) sind als über die Kulturarten allgemeingültiger Leitfaden zur Umsetzung des IPS auf den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben gedacht. Sie greifen vorbeugende und aktiv eingreifende Methoden zur Verminderung des Schädlingsdrucks an den Kulturpflanzen auf und zeichnen ein derzeitiges Idealbild des Pflanzenschutzes. Eine Betrachtung der

A six-year experiment was carried out with natural variation in temperature and rainfall during grain filling period between 2011–17 growing seasons to investigate the effects of different environments and cultivars on quantity and quality of bread wheat. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design arranged with three replicates. Eight wheat cultivars (Pishgam, Sirvan, Parsi

Cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis) is considered one of the most destructive agricultural pests in Egypt. It is overcome by the producer by using chemical pesticides, but that leads to the appearance of new generations and causes environmental pollution. So in the present investigation six soybean genotypes (Giza-82, Giza 22, Giza 83, Giza 21, Giza 35 and Giza 111) were planted under natural

Root-knot nematodes are mainly controlled by using synthetic nematicides, but their excessive use is prohibited due to associated health hazards which demand for suitable alternatives. The overreliance on nematicides can be curtailed by using biological control agents possessing nematicidal or nematostatic properties. Therefore, in the present study, effectiveness of seven indigenous species of Trichoderma

Our research was carried out to determine the effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the yield and quality parameters of tomato plants in organic farming conditions. In our study, Bacillus megaterium M‑3, Paenibacillus polymxa, Burkholderia cepacia, Azospirillum sp-245 bacterial strains were applied by three different applications methods such as to the soil, root region and leaves

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00528-0

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00526-2

Winter triticale (Triticale) cv. Dinaro and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. Dańkowskie Diament were grown in 2012 and 2013 in a field-plot experiment in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn (NE Poland). The experiment consisted of 7 treatments: absolute control (without fertilizers or the growth stimulator), control-NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer + micronutrients applied alone or in combination (4 treatments)

During the past few decades, extensive use of herbicides has created ecological and environmental problems such as dominance of minor weeds due to their resistance to herbicides, and human health hazards. Recognising these problems, an experiment was conducted in two consecutive wheat seasons during 2012–2014 in Central Bangladesh to evaluate five weed control methods: (i) control (weedy check), (ii) one

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forages and legume crops in the Mediterranean region, where extensive soil exploitation and low soil fertility are among the factor limiting its production. In this study, a field experiment was carried out in the semi-arid area of Morocco, in order to assess the influence of the individual and combined application of autochthonous arbuscular

Origanum is one of the most important medicinal plants used worldwide due to the economic importance, quantity and quality of essential oil and antioxidant properties. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that cause deleterious damage to plants. As a bio-elicitor, chitosan prevents severe damage to plants under stress conditions by triggering plant defense mechanisms. To investigate the effects

The present work aimed to study the effect of compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil physicochemical parameters on garlic (Allium sativum L.) growth, physiology, biochemical traits, and yield under environmental conditions. The application of AMF or compost increased both carbonic and mineral contents in soil. An improvement of 92% and 35% was observed in case of total organic carbon

Maximizing the utilization of water unit is of paramount importance in arid zones and worldwide. This is even more significant when plants are subjected to both thermal and water stress. Hence, a two-year (2014 and 2015 seasons) field trial was carried out to study the effect of three sowing dates (April 21, May 21, and June 21); two irrigation levels (I100 and I85) and two ascorbic acid rates, ASA

In this study, an experiment was conducted to describe the effects of using microwaves and chemical fertilization (isolated and combined) on the number of bacteria and fungi in the soil and on the growth of cowpea plants Vigna unguiculata L. Several times of exposure to microwave radiation (0, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 s) and several concentrations of chemical fertilizer NPK (0, 0.9, 1.8 g 3 kg−1 soil) were

Stink bugs are considered limiting pests to important crops worldwide. In Brazil, the green-belly stink bug, Dichelops melacanthus Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), has become a key pest to the young phase of corn crop, being a problem especially when it succeeds soybean in the field. Injuries caused by this species vary from holes on new leaves to plant death in severe attacks. The main control technique

Nanoparticles are regularly released into our atmosphere, and the study of their effect on edible crop plants is of great interest today. This study accounts the enviro-friendly production of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using Sarcococca saligna (D.Don) Muell.-Arg. leaf extract and the effect of these SNPs on growth and biochemical attributes of soybean (Glycine max L.). The nanoparticles obtained were

The whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Horváth (Homoptera: Delphacidae), is a serious pest of rice crop in Pakistan. In the current study the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Akanthomyces lecanii was evaluated against whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) under laboratory and field conditions. There were two concentrations of entomopathogenic fungi

Cucumber and other Cucurbitaceae plants have a high transpiration rate and sensitivity to water deficit stress. Ascorbic acid (AsA) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) participate in a variety of plant processes and increase plant resistance to different stresses. The current study was aimed to assess the efficacy of the foliar application of AsA (100, 200 and 300 mg l−1) and GABA (20 and 40 mM) on

To determine the effect of plant density and humic acid on canola yield, a 2-year field experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot during the 2014–2016 cropping years. The factors included two humic acid levels (humic acid solution at 3/1000 [v/v] concentration and distilled water) and three plant densities (40, 60, and 80 plants per m2) in the main plots and six canola genotypes (Ahmadi, Okapi

Quinoa is a traditional Andean seed crop highly tolerant to abiotic stresses. Since most seed crops cultivars are sensitive to drought stress, quinoa is considered as a valuable candidate for severe environmental conditions to which the plant is exposed. In this study we focused on the impact of hydropriming on drought tolerance in three quinoa cultivars (Q26, Q29 and Titicaca) in two arid regions

Weeds infestation poses huge threat to agricultural crop production systems and their management in modern agriculture. It is imperative to reduce yield losses and ensure food security. In order to minimize herbicide application, a study was carried out to evaluate the allelopathic potential of leaves extracts tested on weed suppression in wheat crop under rainfed conditions. Leaves extracts of Moringa

The superiority of the dynamic ripening and analysis (DRA) system based on a filter for all directions of use compared to the currently valid ripening system with the usage-specific ripening figures separated into silage and grain maize in Germany is demonstrated in a system-biological way. The silage maize ripeness index (SRI) as the sole indicator for the fixation of the harvest time, the evidence

Plants exposed to suboptimal temperatures suffer damage to physiological processes, growth, development and yield. Acting as enhancers of physiological and metabolic performance of plants, biostimulants have been used to mitigate crop damage caused by abiotic stresses. This study aimed to determine which formulation and dosage of FH Attivus® biostimulant have the best effects on the development of

Farmers are facing severe problems with weed competition in cereal crops. Grass-weeds and perennial weed species became more abundant in Europe mainly due to high percentages of cereal crops in cropping systems and reduced tillage practices combined with continuous applications of herbicides with the same mode of action. Several weed populations have evolved resistance to herbicides. Precision weed

The indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides has led to the emergence of resistant populations of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), hindering its control and causing economic damage to brassica production. Thus, in order to seek control alternatives, this study aimed at assessing the bioactivity of the ethanolic extracts of Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae), Annona coriacea

A pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of salicylic acid on qualitative and quantitative attributes of tomato plants under salinity stress at Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar during the summer season 2016. The experiment was conducted in a shade house and laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) having 12 treatments and replicated thrice. After 15 days of transplantation

Herbizide Wirkstoffe werden in kommerziellen Produkten manchmal mit Safenern kombiniert, um die Verträglichkeit des Herbizids für die Kulturpflanze zu gewährleisten. Dabei regen Safener meist die Metabolisierung von Herbiziden in der Kulturpflanze an. Das Herbizid Isoxaflutole (IFT) wird in Mais mit dem Safener Cyprosulfamid (CSA) als Co-Formulierung angewendet. In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob

Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a substantial pest of Okra crop, Abelmoschus esculentus, that caused substantial losses through sucking cell sap. On the basis of susceptibility, a field experiment was carried out to assess the different genotypes of A. esculentus during growing season (July–August) against B. tabaci. Plant genotype resistance and vigor were also evaluated in this

Considering that some bioactive compounds are more soluble in ethanol than in water, we tried to evaluate the bioactivity of the ethanolic extracts of Alibertia edulis, Alibertia intermedia and Alibertia sessilis leaves at concentrations of 1 and 3% on the biological characteristics of parental and F1 generations of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Thus, the ethanolic

Deficiencies in water and nitrogen (N) can lead to poor crop growth and production. This study was carried out during 2012–2014 to determine (1) the effect of drip irrigation regimes and N fertilizer rates on root length density (RLD) of corn (Zea mays L. cv. Single cross 704) and soil moisture dynamics and (2) the relationship between root development and water availability. The experiment was arranged

Salinization of the agricultural soil, caused by natural factors or human activities, is one of the greatest challenges facing food production in the current time, as it negatively affects soil construction along with growth and yield of crops. In this study, an experiment was conducted on mallow plants (Corchorus olitorius L.) growing in pots to determine the effect of Na2SO4 stress on growth, physio-biochemical

Tropical soils are mostly poor in phosphorus and sometimes in nitrogen and potassium. Arbuscular mycorrhizae increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizers applied to crops, and this work is part of this framework. NPK (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) was applied at 100 kg per ha and 200 kg per ha alone or in combination with inoculum from sorghum or leek in soil (pH 4.28). The trial was conducted

Crude plant extracts have been used as insecticides from ancient times. Keeping in view the environmental issues related to the excessive use of insecticides, plant derived products have been intensively investigated for their insecticidal potential. Alpinia galanga, a medicinal plant belonging to family Zingiberaceae exhibits a wide range of biologicial activities. Thus, the present study aims to

The use of composts appears to be a promising strategy to promote plant growth performance and to enhance soil fertility under field conditions. The objective of the present study was to select the best organic amendment able to enhance garlic growth, yield, physiological and biochemical parameters, as well as to improve soil fertility. The experiment was carried out under field conditions using three

The efficacy of forty treatments of inorganic salts as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides for suppressing damping-off of cotton seedlings was evaluated. Seed treatments at rates of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g salt per kg seeds were applied. The results showed that potassium phosphate monobasic (2 g per kg seeds) was the least effective salt in controlling the disease, while ammonium phosphate dibasic

Studies on residual efficacy of insecticides with reduced risk are necessary for strategies on their use and application frequency. Within these insecticides, insect growth regulators, such as pyriproxyfen, have been successfully used to control stored grain pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual efficacy of pyriproxyfen in larvae of the stored grain pests Oryzaephilus surinamensis

The tomato is an important fruit, both fresh and processed, for human nutrition worldwide, and plays a significant role in agriculture. Especially in the agricultural system where chemical fertilizers are not used, there may be significant differences in the quantity and quality of tomatoes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of four types of fertilizer applications (microbial

In den Jahren 2017 und 2018 wurden im Landkreis Leer im Nordwesten Niedersachsens neun Versuche zum Einfluss von Untersaaten auf die Unkrautvegetation im langjährigen Maisanbau durchgeführt. Es wurden drei Versuchsglieder getestet, in denen der Mais ohne Untersaat oder mit zwei verschiedenen Gräsern (Lolium spp., Festuca rubra) als Untersaat angebaut wurde. Die Unkrautbekämpfung mit Herbiziden wurde

Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) are essential micronutrients for both human and plants, but their deficiency is prevalent in the world, especially in developing countries including India and Pakistan. Therefore, zinc and iron biofortification of wheat and other cereal crops is being urgently addressed and highly prioritized as a research topic. Thus, a field study was planned in a silty-loam soil under conventional

Chromium (Cr) is a toxic metal usually found in soil and water, causing environmental pollution. Silicon (Si), however, has excelled in alleviating the stress caused by toxic elements in plants, and its beneficial role was mainly based on external and internal plant mechanisms. This study investigates whether and how Si influences the alleviation of Cr toxicity in wheat at the physiological and biochemical

Lilies are one of the most important bulbous plants as cut flowers. In the present study, the effect of foliar sprays of different concentrations of benzyladenine (BA) (0.00, 0.25, and 0.50 mM) and salicylic acid (SA) (0.00, 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mM) was investigated at four stages of pre-harvest on qualitative and quantitative traits of Lilium ‘Navona’. The studied traits included number of buds, number

The ability of some medicinal plants was explored to control bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. The plants tested included Peganum harmala, Allium sativum, Withania somnifera, Melia azedarach, Calotropis procera, Mentha piperita and Nerium oleander. Aqueous extracts of P. harmala and M. piperita proved to be very effective under in vitro conditions

Charcoal rot incited by Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the major diseases of green gram and black gram in Pakistan reducing yields up to 40%. As there are no long-term control strategies for this seed- and soil-borne pathogen, therefore, in the present study, seven indigenous species of Trichoderma were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo effectiveness against M. phaseolina with the objective

Anaerobic digestion (AD) produces bioenergy and bio-fertilizer. However, weed seeds can contaminate the substrates for biogas production. This work assesses seed viability of four weeds species origin from Germany and China under AD conditions at 37, 42 and 52 °C with different retention times. All investigated seeds were inactivated after 12 h at 52 °C, 128 h at 42 °C and 512 h at 37 °C under AD treatment

In this study the positive effects of Glomus intraradices symbiosis on growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) cv. “Crimson Sweet” and “Charleston Gray” in response to chilling stress were investigated. When subjected to chilling stress, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-inoculated watermelon seedlings exhibited significantly higher root and shoot dry mass

The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a well-known pest of vegetables and ornamental cash crops including tomato plant. Tomato plant disorders, in many instances, are related mostly with the silver leaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) feeding. It is well thought out that tomato plant is one of the most favorable host plants for the whitefly. Thus we aimed to study distinctive morphological characteristics of

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most widely consumed fruit vegetables throughout the world. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid (0.00, 0.001, 0.01, 0.10, and 1.00 mM) and two methods of its application (foliar spraying or seed priming) were investigated on morphological and physiological traits of greenhouse cucumber cv. Dream. The application