-
Using an omnidirectional video logger to observe the underwater life of marine animals: humpback whale resting behaviour Behav. Processes (IF 1.846) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Takashi Iwata; Martin Biuw; Kagari Aoki; Patrick James O’Malley Miller; Katsufumi Sato
Animal-borne video loggers are powerful tools for investigating animal behaviour because they directly record immediate and extended peripheral animal activities; however, typical video loggers capture only a limited area on one side of an animal being monitored owing to their narrow field of view. Here, we investigated the resting behaviour of humpback whales using an animal-borne omnidirectional
-
Domestic dogs and water-availability effects on non-volant mammals in a protected area, south-eastern Brazil Wildlife Res. (IF 1.669) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Priscila Stéfani Monteiro-Alves; Atilla Colombo Ferreguetti; Marina Mello Allemand; Juliane Pereira-Ribeiro; Maja Kajin; Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha; Helena Godoy Bergallo
Context: Urbanisation and human population growth can generate conflicts, threatening biodiversity. Resource availability and vegetation complexity owing to human influence may increase the potential that a habitat would lose its species. Conservation biology aims to understand how to soften human influence and maintain viable in situ populations. Aims: We evaluated the non-volant mammal’s richness
-
Hierarchical distance sampling reveals increased population size and broader habitat use in the endangered Bahama Oriole Avian Conserv. Ecol. (IF 2.541) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Michael Rowley; Richard Stanley; Janine Antalffy; Jennifer Christhilf; Daniel Stonko; Scott Johnson; Shelley Cant-Woodside; T Sillett; Matthew Fagan; Colin Studds; Kevin Omland
The Caribbean is home to over 20 passerine species listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered. The Bahama Oriole (Icterus northropi) is listed as critically endangered and is now restricted to Andros, a single island complex in The Bahamas. We investigated this species' habitat use and produced the first statistically robust estimate
-
Corrigenda: An updated checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila) of Pennsylvania, United States of America. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 77: 1–86. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.77.49622 J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Shelby Kerrin Kilpatrick; Jason Gibbs; Martin M. Mikulas; Sven-Erik Spichiger; Nancy Ostiguy; David J. Biddinger; Margarita M. López-Uribe
not applicable
-
Missing for almost 100 years: the rare and potentially threatened bee, Pharohylaeus lactiferus (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 James B. Dorey
The Australian endemic bee, Pharohylaeus lactiferus (Colletidae: Hylaeinae) is a rare species that requires conservation assessment. Prior to this study, the last published record of this bee species was from 1923 in Queensland, and nothing was known of its biology. Hence, I aimed to locate extant populations, provide biological information and undertake exploratory analyses relevant to its assessment
-
Simultaneous percussion by the larvae of a stem-nesting solitary bee – a collaborative defence strategy against parasitoid wasps? J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Andreas Müller; Martin K. Obrist
Disturbance sounds to deter antagonists are widespread among insects but have never been recorded for the larvae of bees. Here, we report on the production of disturbance sounds by the postdefecating larva (“prepupa”) of the Palaearctic osmiine bee Hoplitis (Alcidamea) tridentata, which constructs linear series of brood cells in excavated burrows in pithy plant stems. Upon disturbance, the prepupa
-
Assessment and conservation status of an endemic bee in a diversity hotspot (Hymenoptera, Melittidae, Dasypoda) J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Guillaume Ghisbain; Vladimir G. Radchenko; Diego Cejas; Francisco P. Molina; Denis Michez
Wild bees represent a global group of highly diversified insect pollinators, nowadays concerningly well known for their widespread observed patterns of decline. Amongst them is the genus Dasypoda, a widespread Palearctic clade of solitary bees generally poorly represented in entomological collections. Among the 39 accepted species of the genus, 35 are known by both sexes, and a large number of taxa
-
Comparative ecology of two specialist bees: Dasypoda visnaga Rossi, 1790 and Dasypoda maura Pérez, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Melittidae) J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Insafe El Abdouni; Patrick Lhomme; Laila Hamroud; Thomas Wood; Stefanie Christmann; Pierre Rasmont; Denis Michez
Many wild bee species are declining globally. To design efficient mitigation strategies to slow down or reverse these trends, we urgently need to better understand their basic ecological requirements. In this context, we studied two specialist species for which ecological data are scarce: Dasypoda visnaga and Dasypoda maura. We provide for the first-time detailed information on their phenologies, morphological
-
Four new species of the genus Carinostigmus Tsuneki (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae) from Oriental China, with an updated key to the Chinese species J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Nawaz Haider Bashir; Qiang Li; Li Ma
The taxonomy of the apoid wasps of the genus Carinostigmus from China is studied, with description of four new species, namely Carinostigmus capiconvergens Bashir & Ma, sp. nov., Carinostigmus longivertex Bashir & Ma, sp. nov., Carinostigmus rugipunctatus Bashir & Ma, sp. nov., and Carinostigmus triangularis Bashir & Ma, sp. nov. An updated key to the Chinese species of Carinostigmus is provided.
-
Amiseginae and Cleptinae from northeastern Brazil, with the description of four new species (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Daercio A.A. Lucena; Eduardo A.B. Almeida; Fernando C.V. Zanella
The diversity of two subfamilies of cuckoo wasps in northeastern Brazil is reviewed. Four new species are described and illustrated: Amisega boyi Lucena, sp. nov., A. sertaneja Lucena, sp. nov., and Duckeia dudui Lucena, sp. nov. (Amiseginae), and Cleptidea nordestina Lucena, sp. nov. (Cleptinae). These new species of Amisega and Duckeia represent the first records of both genera in the core zone of
-
New species of Hybristodryinus Engel (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar, with notes on their possible hosts J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Massimo Olmi; Hua-Yan Chen; Chungkun Shih; Patrick Müller; Leonardo Capradossi; Dong Ren; Evgeny E. Perkovsky; Adalgisa Guglielmino
Two new species of Hybristodryinus Engel, 2005, are described from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar: H. castaneussp. nov. (based on one male) and H. zaifuisp. nov. (based on one female). Keys to the females and males of Hybristodryinus species are modified to include the two new taxa. A syninclusion, a nymph of Cixitettiginae (Perforissidae), present in the same amber piece containing H. zaifui
-
A bilateral gynandromorph of Discoelius dufourii (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Zethinae): morphology and mating behaviour J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Anna Budrienė; Eduardas Budrys; Svetlana Orlovskytė
A gynandromorph is an organism combining both female- and male-type tissues. While the vast majority of studies have described the morphology of gynandromorphs, their sexual behaviours remain under-explored. We studied a predominantly bilateral gynandromorph specimen of the predatory wasp Discoelius dufourii (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Zethinae) reared from a trap-nest. In addition to describing the morphology
-
A survey of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera) on six crops in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Srwa K. Bandyan; Ralph S. Peters; Nawzad B. Kadir; Mar Ferrer-Suay; Wolfgang H. Kirchner
In this study, we surveyed aphids and associated parasitoid wasps from six important crop species (wheat, sweet pepper, eggplant, broad bean, watermelon and sorghum), collected at 12 locations in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. A total of eight species of aphids were recorded which were parasitised by eleven species of primary parasitoids belonging to the families Braconidae and Aphelinidae. In addition
-
A new species of Grotea Cresson, the first record of Labeninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in the Greater Antilles J. Hymenopt. Res. (IF 1.322) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Marissa Sandoval; Bernardo F. Santos
Grotea ambarosasp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared to currently described species of the genus. The new species is characterized mainly by having the mesosoma 2.9× as long as high; genal projection distinct and apically subquadrate; pleural carina distinct only anteriorly to anterior transverse carina; mesosoma almost entirely amber-orange and legs with complex dark brown and white marks
-
The evolutionary diversity of barnacles, with an updated classification of fossil and living forms Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.824) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Benny K K Chan; Niklas Dreyer; Andy S Gale; Henrik Glenner; Christine Ewers-Saucedo; Marcos Pérez-Losada; Gregory A Kolbasov; Keith A Crandall; Jens T Høeg
We present a comprehensive revision and synthesis of the higher-level classification of the barnacles (Crustacea: Thecostraca) to the genus level and including both extant and fossils forms. We provide estimates of the number of species in each group. Our classification scheme has been updated based on insights from recent phylogenetic studies and attempts to adjust the higher-level classifications
-
Fragmentation does not affect gene flow in forest populations of the dusky pipistrelle bat on the eastern seaboard of South Africa J. Mammal. (IF 1.891) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Moir M, Richards L, Rambau R, et al.
AbstractThe Eastern Cape Province harbors almost half of the indigenous forest in South Africa, but these forests are threatened by large-scale agricultural and urban development planned for the coming decade. Additional anthropogenic development is likely to cause further fragmentation and degradation of forests inhabited by the dusky pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus hesperidus). We used eight microsatellite
-
ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: prospects for interactive and dynamic graphics in the era of data-rich animal science1 J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Morota G, Cheng H, Cook D, et al.
AbstractStatistical graphics, and data visualization, play an essential but under-utilized, role for data analysis in animal science, and also to visually illustrate the concepts, ideas, or outputs of research and in curricula. The recent rise in web technologies and ubiquitous availability of web browsers enables easier sharing of interactive and dynamic graphics. Interactivity and dynamic feedback
-
Lactation performance of Awassi ewes fed diets containing either Atriplex halimus L. or olive cake Ital. J. Anim. Sci. (IF 1.805) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Ahmed E. Aljamal; Belal S. Obeidat; Mohammed D. Obeidat
Abstract The objective of the two studies was to evaluate t effects of feeding on lactating Awassi ewes (study 1) and lambs (study 2), fed on a diet of Atriplex halimus L. (ATR) or olive cake (OC), as a foraging source substitute for wheat straw. In study 1, 33 newly lambed ewes and their lambs were randomly assigned one of three diets: The control diet (CON), 250 g/kg of OC, or 250 g/kg of ATR dry
-
“How not to judge a deer by its cover”: a personality assessment study on captive adult red deer males (Cervus elaphus) Behav. Processes (IF 1.846) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Bruno Esattore; Vedrana Šlipogor; Laura Saggiomo; Martin Walter Seltmann
Personality is not a uniquely human characteristic and it has been documented in a wide range of organisms, from mammals to birds, reptiles, fish and invertebrates. However, personality is still poorly understood in Cervids. Therefore, our study aimed to fill this gap by i) investigating personality and ii) exploring its links to dominance hierarchy, assessed by behavioral observations in 11 captive
-
Neuroendocrine patterns underlying seasonal song and year-round territoriality in male black redstarts Front. Zool. (IF 2.57) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Camila P. Villavicencio; Harriet Windley; Pietro B. D’Amelio; Manfred Gahr; Wolfgang Goymann; René Quispe
The connection between testosterone and territoriality in free-living songbirds has been well studied in a reproductive context, but less so outside the breeding season. To assess the effects of seasonal androgenic action on territorial behavior, we analyzed vocal and non-vocal territorial behavior in response to simulated territorial intrusions (STIs) during three life-cycle stages in free-living
-
Insights into marine otter (Lontra felina) distribution along the Peru coastline Mar. Mamm. Sci. (IF 1.651) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Clara Ortiz‐Alvarez; Joanna Alfaro‐Shigueto; Jeffrey C. Mangel
The marine otter (Lontra felina) has a patchy distribution associated with rocky coastlines along the Pacific coast of South America. In Peru marine otters are found from La Libertad (8°04′S) to Tacna (18°09′S), however, few studies have assessed its population and conservation status. To assess marine otters' current distribution along the Peru coastline, we conducted visual surveys and collected
-
Annelids of the eastern Australian abyss collected by the 2017 RV ‘Investigator’ voyage Zookeys (IF 1.137) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Laetitia M. Gunton; Elena K. Kupriyanova; Tom Alvestad; Lynda Avery; James A. Blake; Olga Biriukova; Markus Böggemann; Polina Borisova; Nataliya Budaeva; Ingo Burghardt; Maria Capa; Magdalena N. Georgieva; Christopher J. Glasby; Pan-Wen Hsueh; Pat Hutchings; Naoto Jimi; Jon A. Kongsrud; Joachim Langeneck; Karin Meißner; Anna Murray; Mark Nikolic; Hannelore Paxton; Dino Ramos; Anja Schulze; Robert Sobczyk;
In Australia, the deep-water (bathyal and abyssal) benthic invertebrate fauna is poorly known in comparison with that of shallow (subtidal and shelf) habitats. Benthic fauna from the deep eastern Australian margin was sampled systematically for the first time during 2017 RV ‘Investigator’ voyage ‘Sampling the Abyss’. Box core, Brenke sledge, and beam trawl samples were collected at one-degree intervals
-
The museum conscience [originally published in: Museum Work 4:62–63, 1922] J. Mammal. (IF 1.891) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Joseph Grinnell
AbstractThe Eastern Cape Province harbors almost half of the indigenous forest in South Africa, but these forests are threatened by large-scale agricultural and urban development planned for the coming decade. Additional anthropogenic development is likely to cause further fragmentation and degradation of forests inhabited by the dusky pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus hesperidus). We used eight microsatellite
-
Cryptic species in Glossophaga soricina (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): do morphological data support molecular evidence? J. Mammal. (IF 1.891) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Adriana Calahorra-Oliart; Sandra M Ospina-Garcés; Livia León-Paniagua
Cryptic species, defined as those that are morphologically indistinguishable but phylogenetically distinct, are common in bats and correspond to the majority of newly described species. Such seems to be the case of Glossophaga soricina, a generalist, glossophagine bat that is broadly distributed throughout the Neotropics. Several studies have found high levels of molecular variation within G. soricina
-
Functional diversity vs monotony: The effect of a multi-forage diet as opposed to a single forage diet on animal intake, performance, welfare, and urinary nitrogen excretion J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 K Garrett; M R Beck; C J Marshall; A E Fleming; C M Logan; T M R Maxwell; A W Greer; P Gregorini
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of offering animals a multi-forage choice of fresh herbages on dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain and animal welfare, in comparison with a monotonous diet of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Twenty ram lambs [30.5 ± 0.9 kg initial live weight; mean ± standard error of the mean], were randomly allocated to either a diet consisting of diverse
-
ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: Applications of machine learning for livestock body weight prediction from digital images J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Zhuoyi Wang; Saeed Shadpour; Esther Chan; Vanessa Rotondo; Katharine M Wood; Dan Tulpan
Monitoring, recording, and predicting livestock body weight (BW) allows for timely intervention in diets and health, greater efficiency in genetic selection, and identification of optimal times to market animals because animals that have already reached the point of slaughter represent a burden for the feedlot. There are currently two main approaches (direct and indirect) to measure the BW in livestock
-
ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: Mathematical modeling in animal nutrition: training the future generation in data and predictive analytics for sustainable development. A Summary J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Luis O Tedeschi; Dominique P Bureau; Peter R Ferket; Nathalie L Trottier
Data analytics and mathematical modeling (MM) are essential to understand complex systems related to science and society (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2019). Mathematical modeling can be defined as an abstraction and simplification of reality to capture and integrate interactions within a system. It has been a vital tool in animal nutrition for over 100 yr (France and
-
ASAS-NANP symposium: digestion kinetics in pigs: the next step in feed evaluation and a ready-to-use modeling exercise J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Walter J J Gerrits; Marijke T A Schop; Sonja de Vries; Jan Dijkstra
Growing importance of upcycling agricultural by-products, food waste, and food processing by-products through livestock production strongly increased the variation in the nutritional quality of feed ingredients. Traditionally, feed ingredients are evaluated based on their measured extent of digestion. Awareness increases that in addition to the extent, the kinetics of digestion affects the metabolic
-
ASAS-NANP SYMPOSIUM: Review of systems thinking concepts and their potential value in animal science research J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Emma C Stephens
Worldwide, our collective research and policy institutions, including the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), are calling for more systems-based research and analysis of society’s most pressing and complex problems. However, the use of systems analysis within animal science remains limited and researchers may not have the tools to answer this call. This review thus introduces important concepts
-
The Blonde d’Aquitaine T3811>G3811 mutation in the myostatin gene: association with growth, carcass, and muscle phenotypes in veal calves J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-06 Aurélie Vinet; Claire Bouyer; Lionel Forestier; Ahmad Oulmouden; Véronique Blanquet; Brigitte Picard; Isabelle Cassar-Malek; Muriel Bonnet; Dominique Rocha; Gilles Renand
The mutation T3811 → G3811 (TG3811) discovered in the myostatin gene of the Blonde d’Aquitaine breed is suspected of contributing to the outstanding muscularity of this breed. An experiment was designed to estimate the effect of this mutation in an F2 and back-cross Blonde d’Aquitaine × Holstein population. By genotyping all known mutations in the myostatin gene, it was ensured that the TG3811 mutation
-
Measurement of the three-axis vibration, temperature, and relative humidity profiles of commercial transport trailers for pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-28 Benjamin K Morris; R Benjamin Davis; Edwin Brokesh; Daniel K Flippo; Terry A Houser; Francisco Najar-Villarreal; Kari K Turner; Jamison G Williams; Alexander M Stelzleni; John M Gonzalez
The objective of this study was to collect and interpret three-axis acceleration, temperature, and relative humidity data from six locations within commercial transport trailers shipping market-weight pigs. Transport was observed in Kansas (n = 15) and North Carolina (n = 20). Prior to loading, three-axis accelerometers were affixed to six locations on the trailers: top fore (TF), top center (TC),
-
Associations between immune competence phenotype and feedlot health and productivity in Angus cattle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Brad C Hine; Amy M Bell; Dominic D O Niemeyer; Christian J Duff; Nick M Butcher; Sonja Dominik; Laercio R Porto-Neto; Yutao Li; Antonio Reverter; Aaron B Ingham; Ian G Colditz
Genetic strategies aimed at improving general immune competence (IC) have the potential to reduce the incidence and severity of disease in beef production systems, with resulting benefits of improved animal health and welfare and reduced reliance on antibiotics to prevent and treat disease. Implementation of such strategies first requires that methodologies be developed to phenotype animals for IC
-
Milk feeding quantity and feeding frequency: effects on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves Ital. J. Anim. Sci. (IF 1.805) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Azam Jafari; Arash Azarfar; Gibson M. Alugongo; Gholam R. Ghorbani; Mehdi Mirzaei; Amir Fadayifar; Hossein Omidi-Mirzaei; Zhijun Cao; James K. Drackley; Morteza Hossieni Ghaffari
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between milk feeding quantity (FL) and feeding frequency (FF) on intake, growth performance, rumen development and blood metabolites in dairy calves. A total of 48 Holstein calves (n = 12 calves per treatment: 6 males and 6 females) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, including (1) two low plane of milk feeding (2 meals/d
-
Natural variation in social conditions affects male mate choosiness in the amphipod Gammarus roeselii Curr. Zool. (IF 2.351) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Konrad Lipkowski; Sophie Steigerwald; Lisa M Schulte; Carolin Sommer-Trembo; Jonas Jourdan
The extent of male mate choosiness is driven by a trade-off between various environmental factors associated with the costs of mate acquisition, quality assessment and opportunity costs. Our knowledge about natural variation in male mate choosiness across different populations of the same species, however, remains limited. In the current study, we compared male mate choosiness across ten natural populations
-
Multilayer network analysis: new opportunities and challenges for studying animal social systems Curr. Zool. (IF 2.351) Pub Date : 2021-01-30 Matthew J Hasenjager; Matthew Silk; David N Fisher
Many behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary processes are closely intertwined with patterns of social interactions, such as the evolution of cooperation (Croft et al. 2006), information and disease transmission (VanderWaal et al. 2014; Aplin et al. 2015), predator–prey dynamics (Ioannou et al. 2012), and dispersal decisions (Blumstein et al. 2009). Even in species where individuals are traditionally
-
Multilayer network analyses as a toolkit for measuring social structure Curr. Zool. (IF 2.351) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Kelly R Finn
The formalization of multilayer networks allows for new ways to measure sociality in complex social systems, including groups of animals. The same mathematical representation and methods are widely applicable across fields and study systems, and a network can represent drastically different types of data. As such, in order to apply analyses and interpret the results in a meaningful way the researcher
-
A framework to evaluate whether to pool or separate behaviors in a multilayer network Curr. Zool. (IF 2.351) Pub Date : 2020-12-26 Annemarie van der Marel; Sanjay Prasher; Chelsea Carminito; Claire L O'Connell; Alexa Phillips; Bryan M Kluever; Elizabeth A Hobson
A multilayer network approach combines different network layers, which are connected by interlayer edges, to create a single mathematical object. These networks can contain a variety of information types and represent different aspects of a system. However, the process for selecting which information to include is not always straightforward. Using data on 2 agonistic behaviors in a captive population
-
Genetic Differentiation of Wild Boar Populations in a Region Endangered by African Swine Fever J. Wildl. Manage. (IF 2.215) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Gerald Reiner; Martin Rumpel; Karl Zimmer; Hermann Willems
For areas at risk for African swine fever (ASF) introduction from neighboring regions, it is important for epidemic control to know how wild boar (Sus scrofa) dispersion dynamics could be used to combat the spread of ASF. In this regard, long‐term information based on population genetic data makes an important contribution. We selected our study area as Rhineland‐Palatinate, Germany, because it had
-
From Arge to Zenarge: adult morphology and phylogenetics of argid sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae) Zool. J. Linn. Soc. (IF 2.824) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Leonardo A Malagón-Aldana; David R Smith; Akihiko Shinohara; Lars Vilhelmsen
The Argidae is the second most diverse family of the ‘Symphyta’ with more than 900 described species. Here we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic study for the family. We compare the adult skeleton anatomy of representatives of 57 described argid genera from different biogeographic regions. We score 223 characters for 117 terminal taxa, and apply maximum parsimony inference to reconstruct
-
The enduring—and evolving—museum conscience J. Mammal. (IF 1.891) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Link E Olson
AbstractThe Eastern Cape Province harbors almost half of the indigenous forest in South Africa, but these forests are threatened by large-scale agricultural and urban development planned for the coming decade. Additional anthropogenic development is likely to cause further fragmentation and degradation of forests inhabited by the dusky pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus hesperidus). We used eight microsatellite
-
Optimum grape pomace proportion in feedlot cattle diets: ruminal fermentation, total tract nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and blood metabolites J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 James R Vinyard; Cheyanne A Myers; Gordon K Murdoch; Pedram Rezamand; Gwinyai E Chibisa
Because of its high content of polyphenolic compounds, the dietary inclusion of grape pomace (GP) in ruminant diets can reduce reactive nitrogen (N) and methane emissions and enhance the shelf life and beneficial fatty acids (FAs) content of meat. However, the dietary inclusion of GP beyond a threshold that is still to be determined for feedlot cattle can also compromise nutrient supply and, thus,
-
Advancements in sensor technology and decision support intelligent tools to assist smart livestock farming J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-06 Luis O Tedeschi; Paul L Greenwood; Ilan Halachmi
Remote monitoring, modern data collection through sensors, rapid data transfer, and vast data storage through the Internet of Things (IoT) have advanced precision livestock farming (PLF) in the last 20 yr. PLF is relevant to many fields of livestock production, including aerial- and satellite-based measurement of pasture’s forage quantity and quality; body weight and composition and physiological assessments;
-
Effects of protein source and lipid supplementation on conservation and feed value of total mixed ration silages for finishing beef cattle J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Gustavo Lazzari; Amanda C O Poppi; Juliana Machado; Antonio V I Bueno; Ana L M Gomes; Clóves C Jobim; João L P Daniel
The objective of this study was to examine the conservation process and feed value of total mixed ration (TMR) silages. In exp. 1, we evaluated the fermentation pattern and aerobic stability of TMR silages containing different protein and lipid supplementations. In exp. 2, we compared the performance of finishing beef heifers fed those TMR silages. In both experiments, treatments were as follows: ensiled
-
A dynamic mammary gland model describing colostrum immunoglobulin transfer and milk production in lactating sows J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Uffe Krogh; Hélène Quesnel; Nathalie Le Floch; Aude Simongiovanni; Jaap van Milgen
The physiology of the sow mammary gland is qualitatively well described and understood. However, the quantitative effect of various biological mechanisms contributing to the synthesis of colostrum and milk is lacking and more complicated to obtain. The objective of this study was to integrate physiological and empirical knowledge of the production of colostrum and milk in a dynamic model of a single
-
Interactions of amino acids and hormones regulate the balance between growth and milk protein synthesis in lactating rats fed diets differing in protein content J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-30 Lianbin Xu; Mark D Hanigan; Xueyan Lin; Xiuli Li; Mengmeng Li; Wei Liu; Zhiyong Hu; Qiuling Hou; Yun Wang; Zhonghua Wang
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL) play important roles in milk protein synthesis, and their plasma concentrations were reported to be affected by dietary protein intake. To investigate the relationship between circulating amino acid (AA) and concentrations of these hormones, 18 Wistar rats aged 14 wk were assigned to a low (LP; 9% protein), standard (SP;
-
Feeding oxidized chicken byproduct meal impacts digestibility more than performance and oxidative status in nursery pigs J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-29 Carl A Frame; Elisabeth Huff-Lonergan; Brian J Kerr; Mariana Rossoni Serao
Rendered products from the meat industry provide quality proteins in diets for companion animals. These proteins are exposed to extreme temperatures during processing leading to the potential for decreased diet digestibility and subsequent growth performance. While this would impact production efficiency in livestock species, oxidized ingredients in companion animal diets may impact health and longevity
-
Nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics, microbiota, and metabolites in dogs fed human-grade foods J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-29 Sungho Do; Thunyaporn Phungviwatnikul; Maria R C de Godoy; Kelly S Swanson
Human-grade (HG) pet foods are commercially available, but they have not been well studied. Our objective was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of HG pet foods and evaluate their effects on fecal characteristics, microbiota, and metabolites, serum metabolites, and hematology of dogs. Twelve dogs (mean age = 5.5 ± 1.0; BW = 11.6 ± 1.6 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin
-
Technical Note: Coccygeal vein catheterization for sampling of reproductive tract-derived products from the uterine–ovarian drainage J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-27 Sydney T Reese; Gessica A Franco; Ramiro V Oliveira Filho; Reinaldo F Cooke; Michael F Smith; Ky G Pohler
Blood sample collection from the caudal vena cava at the site of uterine–ovarian drainage provides a more exact evaluation of the concentration and pattern of secretion of uterine or ovarian secreted products for studies of reproductive processes in cyclic and pregnant cattle compared with samples collected from general circulation. This paper describes a thorough and updated procedure for cannulating
-
Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation affect concentrations of amino acids in maternal serum and allantoic fluid of beef heifers J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Ana Clara B Menezes; Kacie L McCarthy; Cierrah J Kassetas; Friederike Baumgaertner; James D Kirsch; Sheri Dorsam; Tammi L Neville; Alison K Ward; Pawel P Borowicz; Lawrence P Reynolds; Kevin K Sedivec; J Chris Forcherio; Ronald Scott; Joel S Caton; Carl R Dahlen
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplement and (or) rate of gain (GAIN) during early gestation on amino acid (AA) concentrations in allantoic fluid (ALF) and amniotic fluid (AMF) and maternal serum. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement
-
Comparison of models for missing pedigree in single-step genomic prediction J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Yutaka Masuda; Shogo Tsuruta; Matias Bermann; Heather L Bradford; Ignacy Misztal
Pedigree information is often missing for some animals in a breeding program. Unknown-parent groups (UPGs) are assigned to the missing parents to avoid biased genetic evaluations. Although the use of UPGs is well established for the pedigree model, it is unclear how UPGs are integrated into the inverse of the unified relationship matrix (H-inverse) required for single-step genomic best linear unbiased
-
Improvement, identification, and target prediction for miRNAs in the porcine genome by using massive, public high-throughput sequencing data J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Yuhua Fu; Pengyu Fan; Lu Wang; Ziqiang Shu; Shilin Zhu; Siyuan Feng; Xinyun Li; Xiaotian Qiu; Shuhong Zhao; Xiaolei Liu
Despite the broad variety of available microRNA (miRNA) research tools and methods, their application to the identification, annotation, and target prediction of miRNAs in nonmodel organisms is still limited. In this study, we collected nearly all public sRNA-seq data to improve the annotation for known miRNAs and identify novel miRNAs that have not been annotated in pigs (Sus scrofa). We newly annotated
-
The use of live yeast to increase intake and performance of cattle receiving low-quality tropical forages J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Mariano C Parra; Diogo F A Costa; Andre S V Palma; Karine D V Camargo; Lais O Lima; Karen J Harper; Sarah J Meale; Luis F P Silva
The objective was to evaluate the effects of a specific strain of live yeast (LY) on growth performance, fermentation parameters, feed efficiency, and bacterial communities in the rumen of growing cattle fed low-quality hay. In experiment (exp.) 1, 12 Droughtmaster bull calves (270 ± 7.6 kg initial body weight [BW]) were blocked by BW into two groups, allocated individually in pens, and fed ad libitum
-
Assessment of milk yield and nursing calf feed intake equations in predicting calf feed intake and weaning weight among breeds J. Anim. Sci. (IF 2.092) Pub Date : 2020-12-29 Phillip A Lancaster; Luis O Tedeschi; Zach Buessing; Michael E Davis
Nutrition models are important tools in management decisions, but improvements are needed for cow–calf producers to accurately predict nursing calf performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the ability of published milk yield (MY) and forage intake equations to predict calf feed intake and weaning weight (WW) using an independent, multi-breed dataset. A dataset with 406 nursing
-
Effects of different plant extracts at various dietary levels on growth performance, carcass traits, blood serum parameters, immune response and ileal microflora of Ross broiler chickens Ital. J. Anim. Sci. (IF 1.805) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Samantha Sigolo; Chrysostomos Milis; Mahmoud Dousti; Ebrahim Jahandideh; Ali Jalali; Noorouddin Mirzaei; Behrouz Rasouli; Alireza Seidavi; Antonio Gallo; Giulia Ferronato; Aldo Prandini
Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different plant extracts (common nettle, coriander, dill and thyme) at various dietary levels (0, 150, 300 and 450 mg/L) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood serum parameters, immune response and ileal microflora of 650 male Ross chickens (13 treatment groups; five replicates/treatment group; 10 birds/replicate) in a 42-day trial. Plant
-
Optimisation of broilers performance to different dietary levels of fibre and different levels and sources of fat from 0 to 14 days of age Ital. J. Anim. Sci. (IF 1.805) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Fatemeh Aziz-Aliabadi; Ahmad Hassanabadi; Abolghasem Golian; Saeed Zerehdaran
Abstract Central composite design (CCD; 3 levels and 3 factors) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to evaluate the average daily body weight gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broiler chicks to different levels of dietary sugar beet pulp (SBP), tallow (T) and soybean oil (SO). A total of 60 battery brooder cages of 7 birds each were assigned to 15 diets of CCD containing 3
-
Visibility Bias of Waterbirds During Aerial Surveys in the Nonbreeding Season Wildl. Soc. Bull. (IF 1.359) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Andrew D. Gilbert; Christopher N. Jacques; Joseph D. Lancaster; Aaron P. Yetter; Heath M. Hagy
Aerial surveys for waterfowl and other waterbirds provide abundance estimates that are commonly used by state and federal agencies for waterfowl and wetland management. However, most existing surveys provide an index of abundance and are uncorrected for visibility bias, which may limit their use in accurately determining local population size. We used concurrent ground and aerial surveys to estimate
-
Weaning, parturitions and illnesses are recorded in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) dental cementum microstructure Am. J. Primatol. (IF 2.067) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Paola Cerrito; Leonardo Cerrito; Bin Hu; Shara E. Bailey; Rachel Kalisher; Timothy G. Bromage
-
On the trail of primate scent signals: A field analysis of callitrichid scent‐gland secretions by portable gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry Am. J. Primatol. (IF 2.067) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Alice C. Poirier; John S. Waterhouse; Mrinalini Watsa; Gideon A. Erkenswick; Laís A. A. Moreira; Jia Tang; Jacob C. Dunn; Amanda D. Melin; Andrew C. Smith
-
Food availability, plant diversity, and vegetation structure drive behavioral and ecological variation in Endangered Coimbra‐Filho's titi monkeys Am. J. Primatol. (IF 2.067) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 João P. Souza‐Alves; Renata R. D. Chagas; Marina M. Santana; Sarah A. Boyle; Bruna M. Bezerra
-
Effects of two dietary fiber levels on nutrient digestibility and intestinal fermentation products in captive brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) Am. J. Primatol. (IF 2.067) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 Lucas de Andrade Carneiro; Tatiane B. Moreno; Barbara D. Fernandes; Camilla M. M. Souza; Tais S. Bastos; Ananda P. Félix; Chayane da Rocha
Contents have been reproduced by permission of the publishers.