In forests affected by heavy fires and continuous grazing of exotic herbivorous mammal species, Nothofagus pumilio (lenga) cannot recover naturally. The main factors that hinder the natural recovery of these forests and the feasibility of native tree plantations are the exotic herbivorous pressure, like that produced by Lepus europaeus (European hare), and the environment degradation degree by anthropic

Planting mallee-form eucalypts amongst crops has the potential to remedy environmental degradation caused by land clearing in low rainfall regions, whilst also providing income through carbon-sequestration or periodic coppicing. Management options can be supported by models of biomass and coppice recovery, and this paper presents the first empirical coppice growth model for mallee eucalypts. Uncoppiced

Morpho-physiological characteristics in Eucalyptus species can determine N (NUE) and P (PUE) use efficiency and, consequently, the plant's responses to fertilization. The study aimed to evaluate whether morphological and physiological characteristics of seedlings from Eucalyptus species affect the N and P use efficiency. For this, in a greenhouse, Eucalyptus grandis (GPC 23) and Eucalyptus saligna

The study of vegetative phenology is important to understand adaptation to different environments and potential trade-offs with growth traits. Crown leaf-out and leaf-fall phenology was evaluated on 168 open-pollinated families from 19 Cedrela odorata provenances in an eleven-year-old provenance/progeny trial established in the state of Veracruz, Eastern coast of Mexico. The objectives were: (a) to

Flood tolerance and growth rate of seedlings are often deciding criteria for wetland and riparian restoration plantings; however, these efforts often result in inadequate survival and growth of planted tree species. In an attempt to determine if parental seed source ecotype and seedling greenhouse preconditioning could influence survival and growth of two common restoration tree species, seeds from

Fast-growth plantation forestry is relatively new in many Southeast Asian countries, and there is a clear need for monitoring and assessment of plantation forest soils in this region. In this study, we used miniature plots to estimate and explain site productivity for three widely planted hardwood tree species: Acacia mangium, Falcataria moluccana and Eucalyptus pellita. Miniature plots investigate

Recent temperature rise caused by human activities has led to profound changes in the forest ecosystem. Shrubs play an important role in the boreal forest. However, it is not clear how shrub growth responds to climate change, especially whether there is a difference in the response of shrub at different altitudes to climate change. Here, we developed three ring-width chronologies of Pinus pumila along

Micronutrients participate in various plant metabolic pathways, including the synthesis of carbohydrates, lignin, and phenols, which are necessary for plant growth and defense against pests and pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the effects of nutrient solutions deplete in B, Cu, or Zn on the nutrition, growth, and production of biochemical compounds in Eucalyptus urophylla cuttings. The experiment

In temperate monsoon climate zones, which feature low precipitation in winter and spring, summer planting of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. seedlings may improve site restoration. The application of moderate water stress to improve seedling drought resistance may be an option to harden summer-plant seedlings. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of watering intensity and duration of acclimation

Cork oak (Quercus suber), native to Mediterranean areas, is a plant of ecological and economical relevance, nevertheless, the effects of soil salinization on this species are currently unknown. We have investigated the physiological and biochemical impact of a high-salinity episode on young cork oak (Q. suber) plants. Besides the control (plants only irrigated with water), two experimental groups (irrigated

Climate change is driving the impetus for carbon sequestration. Compared to other countries, little is known about C sequestration after grassland conversion to plantation forestry in South Africa. To this aim 27 sites were studied in the Weatherley catchment in the north eastern part of the Eastern Cape Province. About half of this 160 ha grassed catchment was planted to Pinus elliottii, Pinus patula

A user-friendly and affordable broad-band digital Near Infrared (NIR) camera (Canon PowerShot S110 NIR) was compared with a narrow-band reflectance spectrometer (USB2000, Ocean Optics) at leaf scale for monitoring changes in response to drought of three ecologically contrasting Quercus species (Q. robur, Q. pubescens, and Q. ilex). We aimed to (a) compare vegetation indices (VIs; that is: NDVI, Normalized

The stock of biomass and nutrients has been the basis of many studies in the forest area, mainly those that evaluate the nutritional sustainability of the system. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the biomass and nutrients for the hybrid Eucalyptus urograndis and Acacia mearnsii in monospecific and mixed-species stands at the age of 9 years. For this, the study was carried out in an

Soil fertility management and N-fixing species can support the ecosystem-level restoration of disrupted biogeochemical cycles in tropical degraded environments. However, the effectiveness of N-fixers during tropical forest restoration remains unclear. We hypothesized that tree legumes adjust growth, nonstructural carbohydrate allocation and foliar nutrients under different fertilization regimes. We

African mahoganies can be an alternative for wood production in agroforestry systems and/or mixed-species plantations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the growth, yield and stem form of Khaya grandifoliola C. DC. and Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. established in successional agroforestry systems and in mixed plantations of both species. A randomized block experiment was set up with the following treatments:

The forestry sector has been able to sustainably satisfy the increasing global demand for forest products, thereby positively impacting the economy, while mitigating climate change. It is therefore necessary to continue developing technologies to support vegetative propagation activities that consider the diverse genetic resources and their optimal production environments. This study aimed to investigate

Previous studies have reported that phosphorus transporters are involved in glyphosate uptake by plants, so phosphorus fertilization might act as an attenuator of glyphosate effects on a possible drift. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus fertilization on the initial growth of Pinus taeda genotypes submitted to glyphosate subdoses applied during two growing seasons

Plant functional traits have been shown to vary with environmental conditions. However, we lack empirical data on how plant functional traits of different plant life forms respond to environmental factors. We studied the influence of environmental conditions on the distribution of plant functional traits in a Quercus wutaishanica forest with the aim of exploring the patterns of functional traits across

Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden (Dunn’s white gum) is a fast-growing tall tree with a restricted natural distribution in south-east Australia and favorable wood properties for pulp production. In this study, selected and native forest family seedlots of E. dunnii were evaluated in 17 open-pollinated progeny trials located in Australia, Uruguay, China, Argentina, and Spain for diameter at breast height and

Assessment of potentially suitable geographic areas in China and their response to climate change can provide a reference for sustainable development of Eucalyptus grandis plantations. Under current and future conditions, the potentially suitable areas for this species were predicted using MaxEnt modelling from known successful plantings of E. grandis in China. The dominant environmental factors affecting

The increase in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events affects populations of tree species. As a result, many forests around the world have suffered massive mortality due to extreme droughts. Therefore, it is important to understand the potential adjustments of dominant woody species of temperate forests to climate change. The objective was to show in seedlings inhabiting the most contrasting

Pinus pinea is an interesting species for its valued pine nuts. Despite the high demand for this nut, the species is mostly harvested from natural forests, because the time elapsed until the trees come into production hinders advances toward a more intensive cultivation. The grafting technique has been used to favor an earlier production in native Mediterranean habitats. In Chile, stone pine has been

As tropical deforestation and forest degradation accelerate, carbon-credit trading could provide a financial incentive to preserve and regenerate forests. Since carbon trading relies on the accurate quantification of carbon stocks, allometric equations are urgently needed to derive above-ground dry biomass (AGB) from easily measured variables. Few allometric equations have been published for regenerating

Afforestation of pasture sites results in a net reduction in atmospheric CO2. Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) is well suited to carbon forestry due to its rapid growth and long-lived decay-resistant heartwood. We sought to identify redwood cultivars (clones) suitable for afforestation and rapid growth on pasture sites. Our common garden experiment replicated at three sites tested performance of

Permanent landscape attributes such as topography (elevation [m]) and microtopography (local variation in elevation [cm]) can increase the risk of cold air drainage down-slopes and in microtopographic depressions, causing important temperature gradients that generate localized growing-season frosts. Since most studies on growing-season frosts are restricted to the northern parts of the boreal forest

Poplars play important role in global forestry. Besides being cultivated as an agro-forestry crop, they provide mankind with fuel wood, timber wood, plywood, sports goods, raw material for paper industry and recently, they are being used as a potential biofuel source. However, a number of biotic and abiotic stresses reduce poplar yield and productivity. Further, there is a strong felt need of paper

Forest tree seedling production technologies impact reforestation success determined with survival and quality of seedlings. Five Abies alba seedling production technologies were tested: (1) bare-root seedling, three years in the open (3/0); (2) bare-root seedling, two years under a shading net (40% of full light), a year in the open (2/g); (3) ball root seedling, two years under a shading net (40%)

Poplar productivity is negatively affected by excess or deficit of water availability and by insect and pathogens that cause defoliation. Some foliar diseases, like leaf rust, produce defoliation at the end of the summer. The interaction between water stress and defoliation is poorly understood. Hence, the aim of this work was to test if defoliation would have a stronger effect on growth, biomass and

Pruning can encourage the early formation of knot-free wood with high economic value. However, few studies have assessed the costs and benefits of production in order to determine the optimal pruning design. The concept of a functional crown provides reasonable guidance for pruning, but there is no objective method of determining the functional crown. Semimonthly measurements of leaf traits and photosynthetic

In the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in central-western Mexico, drought stress causes the decline of two of the most ecologically and economically important conifers: Abies religiosa and Pinus pseudostrobus. Since P. pseudostrobus is distributed immediately below the lower elevation limit of A. religiosa, it would be a logical choice of species to fill gaps that may be created by the decline of A. religiosa

Although its economic importance, bauxite mining causes the loss of natural ecosystems. In this sense, the Technosols building from materials made or modified by man, such as mine tailings, is necessary for recovering degraded areas. Additionally, the Technosols management, such as subsoiling and liming, increases chances of plants establishment and growth. In this study, a degraded area by bauxite

Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson was introduced in Chile as a promising species for the diversification of the forest productivity and to optimize the soil productivity in areas where the traditional species have failed to develop satisfactorily; however, the introduction of exotic species in a new environment requires the selection of appropriate source of seeds as a first step for long-term breeding

With continued global change as a result of land use changes, invasive species and changing climatic patterns, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the adaptability of Senegalia senegal provenances to maximize resilience in managed and natural populations of this species. The objective of this study is to investigate Senegalia senegal genotypic differences in water use efficiency (WUE)

Biomass-based carbon (C) stock estimation is the most accurate method for estimating the C stock in forestry. To accurately estimate the Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) C stock, the provenance effect on C traits was evaluated using 20 F. mandshurica provenances planted in 2 test sites in Northeastern China. A total of 360 trees were destructively sampled. The results showed that provenance

Pericarp structure and permeability in Tilia miqueliana were explored using anatomy, paraffin section detection, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging. The pericarp of intact T. miqueliana seeds comprised an exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The exocarp was densely covered with villi and consisted of irregular thin-walled cells. The mesocarp was highly lignified and impermeable

As part of the 2015 Paris climate agreement and under its Green Deal, the EU proposes to strongly rely on forests for offsetting its carbon footprint. However, planting trees should be avoided in wildfire prone and drought prone habitats, which are expanding significantly as climate warms across Europe. In favorable habitats, tree planting remains a controversial solution and the risk of using inappropriate

Cork is a renewable resource mainly produced in Mediterranean countries thanks to sustainable management of cork oak (Quercus suber) stands. The infection caused by the ascomycete fungus Diplodia corticola promotes the occurrence of cankers that reduce cork regeneration devaluating the stands. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that the trees are susceptible to the fungus during a limited period

Micropropagation has several advantages over conventional vegetative propagation methods, but it is limited by genotype responsiveness. We assessed the effect of age of the mother-tree and the time of explant collection on culture initiation, as well as the multiplication ability and effect of different nutrient media and plant growth regulators on silver birch genotypes. Explants collected from 1‐year‐old

During seed development, plant hormones are involved in processes such as the accumulation of reserves, cellular activity and physiological responses. The present study aimed to analyze levels of abscisic acid, gibberellins, auxins, salicylic acid and their role in the physiological responses during development of A. angustifolia seeds in two years of production. Seeds were collected in the stages

Mixed plantations composed of Eucalyptus intercropped with a high diversity of native tree species are a promising option for combining biodiversity recovery with wood production during forest landscape restoration. The viability of this approach relies not only on its potential to offset implementation costs but also on the capacity of native trees to perform well when intercropped with Eucalyptus

Climate change is predicted to cause northward migration of boreal tree species. However, the success of such a migration will be determined by trees’ ability to acclimate to the environmental conditions at the potential new site. This study was aimed to assess the interactive effects of changes in photoperiod associated with northward migration and soil warming on the ecophysiological traits of jack

Relatively few studies have documented the impacts of afforestation, particularly production forestry, on belowground carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes to the atmosphere. We evaluated the changes in the soil CO2 efflux—a proxy for soil respiration (Rs)—for three years following a native grassland conversion to eucalypt plantations in southern Brazil where minimum tillage during site preparation created

Accurate, cost-effective monitoring and management of young forests is important for future stand quality. There is a critical need for a rapid assessment tool for forest monitoring and management. This study uses a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to complete a tree height and tree density assessment in a newly forested Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook) planting (15 sample plots)

The East Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L), one among the valued timber species in the global market due to its sweet-scented heartwood, is facing a drastic decline of its natural populations over the past three decades. The major constraint in the regeneration of sandal is the slow, staggered, and poor germination of the seeds. The germination may continue even up to one year. The present investigation

Worldwide, multiple ecosystems are currently affected by global change because of important anthropogenic disturbances which have quickly increased levels of abiotic (e.g. climate) and biotic stress (e.g. diseases, pests, herbivory). In particular, oak-dominated systems have experienced a general decline as a consequence of habitat destruction, mismanagement and extreme climate events along with the

Unfortunately, there is information missing in Fig. 3. This figure represents all 4 poplar genotypes and black locust, which are differentiated by the letters (a) to (e).

Manganese (Mn) is a nutrient that can cause phytotoxicity if above a threshold concentration. Acid soils are prone to excessive Mn levels that under certain environmental conditions may increase availability and exacerbate deleterious effects on plants. Apart from oxidative stress, excess Mn usually affects photosynthetic apparatus. Nonetheless, some plants are known to tolerate high Mn contents without

In Europe, the non-native Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is widely recommended for future cultivation. However, outside its natural range, Northern red oak has to date been insufficiently studied both in terms of silviculture and genetics. To clarify this, we studied the architecture of 92 (pre-) dominant Northern red oak trees in five German federal states using the non-destructive terrestrial

Woodlands in Iceland are characterized by shrub-like birch, a result of introgressive hybridization between diploid dwarf birch, Betula nana, and tetraploid downy birch, B. pubescens. Introgression occurs via triploid hybrids. We evaluated the fertility of triploid birch by examining pollen viability and seed germination. Pollen samples were collected from woodlands throughout Iceland from 99 plants

Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.), is the most important tree species for afforestation in the Mediterranean basin due to its drought tolerance and fast growth rate. Cold damage to trees caused by harsh winter conditions is common on many sites in Turkey. Adaptation to climate change has been investigated primarily through the movement of species from warmer and drier climates, such as the Mediterranean

Short rotation coppices play an important role in providing biomass for energetic use. Mixing fast-growing tree species in short rotation coppices may show complementarity effects and increased yield. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of species interaction in mixed short rotation coppices with fast-growing Populus spp.-hybrids and the N-fixing Robinia pseudoacacia. Four different Populus-hybrids

Increases in drought frequency and insect defoliation are emerging threats that typically affect the plantation production of Populus yunnanensis, which is an endemic dioecious tree species in China. Nevertheless, it is difficult to predict which sex of P. yunnanensis will be more affected by the combined effects of water limitations and defoliation. In this study, we examined the combined effects

In commercial plantations, mass propagation and deployment of identified and tested clones has potential economic benefits. However, the major challenge is the adventitious rooting ability of high yielding genotypes. In Eucalyptus, large-scale plantations of hybrid clones with enhanced productivity are well documented. However, the understanding of genetic architecture of adventitious rooting traits

Understanding forest regeneration in relation to land-use legacies is an important goal of research on global environmental changes and future ecosystem patterns. Recent findings on spruce regeneration on abandoned agricultural land showed it to be linked to land-use legacies involving increased soil fertility by fertilization. We argue that indirect drivers like land-use changes from arable land to

Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis) has had an extensive impact across North America. It is currently present in Minnesota, USA but has not been observed in northern portions of the state where the vast majority of black ash (Fraxinus nigra) trees are located. Unlike other ash forest communities, the black ash forest type occurs in wetlands and is dominated by black ash with few associate

The genus Picea has wide geographical range and includes species with great economic and ecological value in the northern hemisphere. Growth traits, gas exchange parameters and needle morphology and anatomy vary greatly among Picea species, but the instrinsic relationship among these traits has not been well studied for the genus Picea. We thus conducted a common garden experiment to study the relationship

In the tropical low deciduous forest, seed size has been recognized as a functional trait that can contribute to the development of restoration strategies due to its influence on the processes of germination, survival and growth of seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed size on the seedling emergence and establishment of seedlings of Ceiba aesculifolia in pastures

The influence of scions donor tree age on the morphological variability of needles, shoots, and branching pattern was studied in 7-year-old grafted scions of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). We analyzed clones of four age groups: seedlings (4–7 years), young trees (38–62 years), mature trees (238–376 years), and old trees (549–700 years). The results showed that during the first 7 years

Planting of seedlings is the most reliable and speedy way of forest restoration. Routine spring planting of bareroot seedlings is frequently unsuccessful in central Europe. In this study, the effects of planting time and a spring-pre-planting application of ectomycorrhiza-hydrogel additive Ectovit and hydrogel Stockosorb on the development of bareroot and container Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings