With continued global change as a result of land use changes, invasive species and changing climatic patterns, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the adaptability of Senegalia senegal provenances to maximize resilience in managed and natural populations of this species. The objective of this study is to investigate Senegalia senegal genotypic differences in water use efficiency (WUE)

Biomass-based carbon (C) stock estimation is the most accurate method for estimating the C stock in forestry. To accurately estimate the Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) C stock, the provenance effect on C traits was evaluated using 20 F. mandshurica provenances planted in 2 test sites in Northeastern China. A total of 360 trees were destructively sampled. The results showed that provenance

Pericarp structure and permeability in Tilia miqueliana were explored using anatomy, paraffin section detection, scanning electron microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging. The pericarp of intact T. miqueliana seeds comprised an exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The exocarp was densely covered with villi and consisted of irregular thin-walled cells. The mesocarp was highly lignified and impermeable

As part of the 2015 Paris climate agreement and under its Green Deal, the EU proposes to strongly rely on forests for offsetting its carbon footprint. However, planting trees should be avoided in wildfire prone and drought prone habitats, which are expanding significantly as climate warms across Europe. In favorable habitats, tree planting remains a controversial solution and the risk of using inappropriate

Cork is a renewable resource mainly produced in Mediterranean countries thanks to sustainable management of cork oak (Quercus suber) stands. The infection caused by the ascomycete fungus Diplodia corticola promotes the occurrence of cankers that reduce cork regeneration devaluating the stands. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that the trees are susceptible to the fungus during a limited period

Micropropagation has several advantages over conventional vegetative propagation methods, but it is limited by genotype responsiveness. We assessed the effect of age of the mother-tree and the time of explant collection on culture initiation, as well as the multiplication ability and effect of different nutrient media and plant growth regulators on silver birch genotypes. Explants collected from 1‐year‐old

During seed development, plant hormones are involved in processes such as the accumulation of reserves, cellular activity and physiological responses. The present study aimed to analyze levels of abscisic acid, gibberellins, auxins, salicylic acid and their role in the physiological responses during development of A. angustifolia seeds in two years of production. Seeds were collected in the stages

Mixed plantations composed of Eucalyptus intercropped with a high diversity of native tree species are a promising option for combining biodiversity recovery with wood production during forest landscape restoration. The viability of this approach relies not only on its potential to offset implementation costs but also on the capacity of native trees to perform well when intercropped with Eucalyptus

Climate change is predicted to cause northward migration of boreal tree species. However, the success of such a migration will be determined by trees’ ability to acclimate to the environmental conditions at the potential new site. This study was aimed to assess the interactive effects of changes in photoperiod associated with northward migration and soil warming on the ecophysiological traits of jack

Relatively few studies have documented the impacts of afforestation, particularly production forestry, on belowground carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes to the atmosphere. We evaluated the changes in the soil CO2 efflux—a proxy for soil respiration (Rs)—for three years following a native grassland conversion to eucalypt plantations in southern Brazil where minimum tillage during site preparation created

Accurate, cost-effective monitoring and management of young forests is important for future stand quality. There is a critical need for a rapid assessment tool for forest monitoring and management. This study uses a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to complete a tree height and tree density assessment in a newly forested Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook) planting (15 sample plots)

The East Indian sandalwood (Santalum album L), one among the valued timber species in the global market due to its sweet-scented heartwood, is facing a drastic decline of its natural populations over the past three decades. The major constraint in the regeneration of sandal is the slow, staggered, and poor germination of the seeds. The germination may continue even up to one year. The present investigation

Worldwide, multiple ecosystems are currently affected by global change because of important anthropogenic disturbances which have quickly increased levels of abiotic (e.g. climate) and biotic stress (e.g. diseases, pests, herbivory). In particular, oak-dominated systems have experienced a general decline as a consequence of habitat destruction, mismanagement and extreme climate events along with the

Unfortunately, there is information missing in Fig. 3. This figure represents all 4 poplar genotypes and black locust, which are differentiated by the letters (a) to (e).

Manganese (Mn) is a nutrient that can cause phytotoxicity if above a threshold concentration. Acid soils are prone to excessive Mn levels that under certain environmental conditions may increase availability and exacerbate deleterious effects on plants. Apart from oxidative stress, excess Mn usually affects photosynthetic apparatus. Nonetheless, some plants are known to tolerate high Mn contents without

In Europe, the non-native Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is widely recommended for future cultivation. However, outside its natural range, Northern red oak has to date been insufficiently studied both in terms of silviculture and genetics. To clarify this, we studied the architecture of 92 (pre-) dominant Northern red oak trees in five German federal states using the non-destructive terrestrial

Woodlands in Iceland are characterized by shrub-like birch, a result of introgressive hybridization between diploid dwarf birch, Betula nana, and tetraploid downy birch, B. pubescens. Introgression occurs via triploid hybrids. We evaluated the fertility of triploid birch by examining pollen viability and seed germination. Pollen samples were collected from woodlands throughout Iceland from 99 plants

Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.), is the most important tree species for afforestation in the Mediterranean basin due to its drought tolerance and fast growth rate. Cold damage to trees caused by harsh winter conditions is common on many sites in Turkey. Adaptation to climate change has been investigated primarily through the movement of species from warmer and drier climates, such as the Mediterranean

Short rotation coppices play an important role in providing biomass for energetic use. Mixing fast-growing tree species in short rotation coppices may show complementarity effects and increased yield. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of species interaction in mixed short rotation coppices with fast-growing Populus spp.-hybrids and the N-fixing Robinia pseudoacacia. Four different Populus-hybrids

Increases in drought frequency and insect defoliation are emerging threats that typically affect the plantation production of Populus yunnanensis, which is an endemic dioecious tree species in China. Nevertheless, it is difficult to predict which sex of P. yunnanensis will be more affected by the combined effects of water limitations and defoliation. In this study, we examined the combined effects

In commercial plantations, mass propagation and deployment of identified and tested clones has potential economic benefits. However, the major challenge is the adventitious rooting ability of high yielding genotypes. In Eucalyptus, large-scale plantations of hybrid clones with enhanced productivity are well documented. However, the understanding of genetic architecture of adventitious rooting traits

Understanding forest regeneration in relation to land-use legacies is an important goal of research on global environmental changes and future ecosystem patterns. Recent findings on spruce regeneration on abandoned agricultural land showed it to be linked to land-use legacies involving increased soil fertility by fertilization. We argue that indirect drivers like land-use changes from arable land to

Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis) has had an extensive impact across North America. It is currently present in Minnesota, USA but has not been observed in northern portions of the state where the vast majority of black ash (Fraxinus nigra) trees are located. Unlike other ash forest communities, the black ash forest type occurs in wetlands and is dominated by black ash with few associate

The genus Picea has wide geographical range and includes species with great economic and ecological value in the northern hemisphere. Growth traits, gas exchange parameters and needle morphology and anatomy vary greatly among Picea species, but the instrinsic relationship among these traits has not been well studied for the genus Picea. We thus conducted a common garden experiment to study the relationship

In the tropical low deciduous forest, seed size has been recognized as a functional trait that can contribute to the development of restoration strategies due to its influence on the processes of germination, survival and growth of seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed size on the seedling emergence and establishment of seedlings of Ceiba aesculifolia in pastures

The influence of scions donor tree age on the morphological variability of needles, shoots, and branching pattern was studied in 7-year-old grafted scions of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour). We analyzed clones of four age groups: seedlings (4–7 years), young trees (38–62 years), mature trees (238–376 years), and old trees (549–700 years). The results showed that during the first 7 years

Planting of seedlings is the most reliable and speedy way of forest restoration. Routine spring planting of bareroot seedlings is frequently unsuccessful in central Europe. In this study, the effects of planting time and a spring-pre-planting application of ectomycorrhiza-hydrogel additive Ectovit and hydrogel Stockosorb on the development of bareroot and container Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings

Defense can be induced in conifer seedlings to reduce pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) damage, by treatment with the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MJ). Few studies have addressed important practical issues regarding the use of MJ such as treatment incidence and timing, seedling age and its compatibility with plant nursery practices. We examined if levels of pine weevil damage depend on seasonal timing

In Turkey, current wood production does not meet the demand of wood-products, and this gap is expected to be larger in the near future. It is necessary to increase the productivity and growth efficiency of current forests and to expand the extension of forest plantations, including areas where drought is the main climatic constraint. Even though researchers are currently working on hybridization programs

There is a growing interest in improving wood properties through clonal selection. However, traditional methods for determining wood properties are difficult to implement at the scale required for large-scale selection programs. In this study, we used rapid phenotyping methods (i.e., drill resistance (DR) and stress wave velocity (SWV)) for assessing wood quality in a 3-year-old clonal trial containing

Enrichment planting can be an effective strategy for increasing the ecological and economic value of timber plantations, but success depends on appropriate matching of under- and overstory species and site conditions. This case study in the Panama Canal Watershed explores the viability of enrichment planting for rehabilitating underperforming teak (Tectonia grandis) plantations, which are common in

The present study is focused on the potential distribution of the Lebanese cedar (Cedrus libani) in the present and in the future throughout the twenty-first century. The location of this work encompasses Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. Twenty-four environmental variables are used and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios for two different time periods are studied: RCP 4.5 2050, RCP

Gene flow from an experimental plot of genetically modified eucalypt was studied by measuring pollen dispersal at various distances from the pollen donor up to a maximum distance of 1592 m. Spontaneous seedling establishment around mother trees, the potential receptors of GM pollen, was also verified. All trees analyzed in this study were identified as compatible for crossing with the pollen donor

Promoting patchy recruitment of shade tolerant tree species into the midstory is an important step in developing structural diversity in second-growth stands. Variable-density thinning (VDT) has been proposed as a strategy for accelerating structural diversity, as its combination of within-stand treatments (harvest gaps, thinning, and non-harvested skips) should create variable overstory and understory

Understanding tree vulnerability to freezing temperatures will help resource managers to mitigate the effects of climatic variability. To test the effectiveness of tissue dehardening curves to represent whole seedling responses, we tested the cold tolerance of 4 conifer species to a range of freezing temperatures, − 15, − 25, and − 35 °C in late March, and − 5, − 10, and − 15 °C in early May. Results

Insufficient winter chilling related to rising temperatures has raised questions about its potential effects on budburst timing (growth initiation) and subsequent tree growth. We quantified budburst timing and growth of seedlings of six Ontario temperate forest tree species after exposure to different levels of winter chilling using controlled forcing experiments. Based on chilling–forcing relationships

Plantations are playing an increasingly important role in providing forest products and improving the ecological environment, but they also face many challenges, such as low biodiversity, severe pest and disease problems, reduced productivity, and diminished soil fertility. Reasonable management strategies are vital for their sustainability. In this study, we took a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata

Cultivation of seedlings in trays requires the use of specifically developed substrates. This study presents the results of the analyses of selected physical and mechanical parameters of a peat–perlite substrate, in which seedlings of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) were grown

Alkaline residues of recycled paper production (ARRP) can be an alternative for correcting soil acidity and adding bases to Pinus taeda L. systems. Our aim was to investigate the effect of increasing doses of ARRP on tree, forest floor (litter and root), and soil composition in a 3-year-old Brazilian pine forest plantation. In 2007, ARRP treatments of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 T ha−1 were imposed. Tree

The quality of forest seeds may be maintained in the course of storage for their use in the restoration of degraded areas and the conservation of genetic resources. In this sense, physiological and biochemical markers were evaluated during the short-term storage of Pityrocarpa moniliformis seeds, a pioneer species native to the Caatinga. Seeds harvested from 25 mother trees were stored in a growth

Competition suppression within loblolly pine plantations (Pinus taeda L.) is typically carried out within the first 2 years of a plantation, but competition control for longer durations could improve productivity. As plantation growth improves with increasing vegetation suppression frequency, it may be necessary to pre-commercially thin stands to reduce intraspecific competition. The effect of these

There is rising global interest in growing more trees in order to meet growing population, climate change, and wood energy needs. Using recently published data on planted forests by country, we estimated relationships between per capita income and planted forest area that are useful for understanding prospective planted forest area futures through 2100 under various United Nations Intergovernmental

Planted forests contribute to maximizing timber production but their role as valuable habitat for diversity is of increasing concern, particularly in tropical montane cloud forest (TMCF) landscapes, which present extremely high diversity and endemism. We compared tree diversity, potential timber productivity and estimated net revenues in planted forests of Pinus patula and mixed TMCF species in southern

Between 1994 and 2017, 137,455 ha of agricultural land were afforested in Andalusia (Spain), using a great diversity of tree species, under the Common Agricultural Policy scheme. Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis were the most used species. In view of the need to know the spatial distribution of survival according to the potential species habitat, the current survival was assessed under current and

Monitoring and assessment reveal important information about restoration areas and can also be useful for understanding ecological processes such as succession and species-area relationships. Herein, we investigated whether the time after restoration determines the similarity between restoration forests and reference ecosystems, and whether the age and width of the forest as well as the surrounding

This study investigated the growth (height, diameter at breast height and volume) of Picea koraiensis families at two sites and explored the genotype × environment interaction (GEI) of growth traits to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of P. koraiensis families. Genetic variation analysis and genetic parameter estimation of growth traits were carried out using 52 families of three provenances

The article [Effect of soil preparation method on root development of P. sylvestris and P. abies saplings in commercial forest stands], written by [Santa Celma, Katrīna Blate, Dagnija Lazdiņa, Kārlis Dūmiņš, Santa Neimane, Toms A. Štāls, Kristīne Štikāne], was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume [#], issue [#], page [#-#], the author decided to opt for

Shrub willow (Salix spp.) has been a focus of international efforts to develop renewable alternatives for fossil fuels and to sequester carbon from earth’s atmosphere. In the central Appalachian region of the eastern U.S., short rotation willow could be grown on the significant amount of reclaimed mine land, which would promote economic opportunities for these lands. The objective of this study was

We examined the association between habitat variables and the relative impacts of topographic microclimates as a valuable tool for restoration and conservation of Abies pinsapo in southern Spain. We used presence–absence data from A. pinsapo and 79 environmental variables and biomod species distribution models to describe the current and future species habitat across the Sierra de las Nieves Natural

Nutrient retranslocation from senescing foliage to perennial organs is critical for nutrient conservation and a mechanism of plant adaptation to low-fertility soils. And it has been well documented for evergreen species and for deciduous broadleaf tree species. Meanwhile, subirrigation (SI) and fertilization are used to improve the production efficiency of seedlings, however, little is known about

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of short rotation alley cropping systems (SRACS) to improve the soil fertility of marginal post-mining sites in Brandenburg, Germany. Therefore, we annually investigated the crop alleys (AC) and black locust hedgerows (ABL) of a SRACS field trail under initial soil conditions to identify the short-term effects of tree planting on the storage of soil

Achieving successful outplanting of trees on increasingly harsher sites is a global concern. In Chile, for example, new Eucalyptus globulus plantations are being targeted to poorer, low fertility sites where additional stresses often negatively affect seedling performance during the first field season. Nitrogen-loading during the later stages of nursery production can, however, significantly improve

Mechanical site preparation (MSP) is often performed prior to planting to improve the growth and survival of planted seedlings. In this study, we compared root development of 5-years-old Quercus petraea and Pinus nigra seedlings planted in plots that had been prepared with different methods, i.e. deep scarification, deep scarification combined with mounding-subsoiling, herbicide and a control without

Resin canal features are associated with significant economic losses to appearance grade Pinus radiata timber. This study investigated the variation in resin canal features in young, 2-year-old, P. radiata. Axial resin canal size, density and relative cross-sectional area were determined in twenty families and ten clones from images of microtomed sections, scanned with polarised light to highlight

Forest restoration is a strategy to reverse forest loss and degradation. We overviewed deforestation in the period 1975–2018 in the Brazilian Amazon and the projects, techniques, and scientific publications conducted to recover forest in the area by 2019. We used GIS to assess forest loss and a systematic data collection gathered from 12 universities, five major environmental agencies, and an ad-hoc

Most Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil are located in regions with low fertility soils and seasonal droughts. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the fine root distribution of Eucalyptus along the soil profile and the vertical distribution of Ca, Mg, S, and K in the soil in response to dolomitic limestone and gypsum application under severe water deficit conditions. The experiment

Pinus pinea produces the most expensive pine nuts worldwide, with a masting habit (variable cone productivity over time) in its native habitat. This study assessed the presence of masting habit in a non-native area, the correlation of annual cone production with climatic variables, and the impact of resource depletion on cone productivity 3 and 4 years after a bumper crop. During 10 years, all cones

The management of high-quality timber plantations prioritizes obtaining high productions with short rotation cycles, which results in high economic and environmental costs, similar to intensive agricultural systems. The suppression of the herbaceous understorey by ploughing, and the use of fertilizers to boost tree growth potentially pose high environmental risks. Managing these plantations as silvopastoral

In post-disturbance areas, salvage logging is a common management practice that can negatively affect ecosystem services and alter successional pathways of natural regeneration. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of salvage logging in post-fire areas on the regeneration and height of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on dry-poor, wet-poor, and peat soils. We used the Poisson generalised

Here we describe for the first time a protocol for the genetic transformation of the holm oak Quercus ilex. Holm oak populations are seriously affected by a disorder known as oak decline syndrome. However, tolerant plants can be obtained by overexpression of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The aim of the present study was to define a protocol for transforming somatic embryos (SEs) of holm oak with