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Epigenetic Integrity of Orthodox Seeds Stored under Conventional and Cryogenic Conditions Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Beata P. Plitta-Michalak; Mirosława Z. Naskręt-Barciszewska; Jan Barciszewski; Paweł Chmielarz; Marcin Michalak
The level of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in DNA has been observed to change in plants in response to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Little information has been reported on alterations in DNA methylation in orthodox tree seeds in response to storage conditions. In the current study, epigenetic integrity was analyzed in seeds of Pyrus communis L. in response to conventional and cryogenic storage. The
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Wood Chip Storage in Small Scale Piles as a Tool to Eliminate Selected Risks Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Miloš Gejdoš; Martin Lieskovský
Massive use of wood biomass is usually associated with its long-term, large-scale storage in power plants and heating plants. Long-term storage of wood biomass (more than 3 months), in large volumes, brings risks from the point of view of human health or property treatment. This work aimed to verify how the long-term storage of wood chips from beech wood in small piles affects their energy properties
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Evaluation of Human Disturbance on the Activity of Medium–Large Mammals in Myanmar Tropical Forests Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Giacomo Cremonesi; Francesco Bisi; Lorenzo Gaffi; Thet Zaw; Hla Naing; Kyaw Moe; Zarni Aung; Alessandra Gagliardi; Lucas A. Wauters; Damiano G. Preatoni; Adriano Martinoli
The effects of human disturbance represent one of the major threats for wildlife conservation. Many studies have shown that wildlife avoids or reduces direct contact with human activities through changes in activity patterns, and by minimizing spatiotemporal overlap. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of human presence on the temporal activity of medium-to-large mammals using two areas
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Deep Subsoil Storage of Trace Elements and Pollution Assessment in Mountain Podzols (Tatra Mts., Poland) Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Joanna Beata Kowalska; Michał Gąsiorek; Paweł Zadrożny; Paweł Nicia; Jarosław Waroszewski
Research highlights: this article refers to the deep storage of trace elements as a result of the podzolization process under different types of vegetation cover. This is also an attempt to trace differentiation in the distribution of trace elements in mountain soils under the podzolization process. Background and objectives: we focused on estimating whether the podzolization process of soils under
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Drainage and Stand Growth Response in Peatland Forests—Description, Testing, and Application of Mechanistic Peatland Simulator SUSI Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Ari Laurén; Marjo Palviainen; Samuli Launiainen; Kersti Leppä; Leena Stenberg; Iñaki Urzainki; Mika Nieminen; Raija Laiho; Hannu Hökkä
Drainage is an essential prerequisite in peatland forest management, which generally, but not always, increases stand growth. Growth response depends on weather conditions, stand and site characteristics, management and biogeochemical processes. We constructed a SUSI-simulator (SUoSImulaattori, in Finnish), which describes hydrology, stand growth and nutrient availability under different management
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Classification of Handheld Laser Scanning Tree Point Cloud Based on Different KNN Algorithms and Random Forest Algorithm Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Wenshu Lin; Weiwei Fan; Haoran Liu; Yongsheng Xu; Jinzhuo Wu
Handheld mobile laser scanning (HMLS) can quickly acquire point cloud data, and has the potential to conduct forest inventory at the plot scale. Considering the problems associated with HMLS data such as large discreteness and difficulty in classification, different classification models were compared in order to realize efficient separation of stem, branch and leaf points from HMLS data. First, the
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A Deep Learning Approach to Downscale Geostationary Satellite Imagery for Decision Support in High Impact Wildfires Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Nicholas F. McCarthy; Ali Tohidi; Yawar Aziz; Matt Dennie; Mario Miguel Valero; Nicole Hu
Scarcity in wildland fire progression data as well as considerable uncertainties in forecasts demand improved methods to monitor fire spread in real time. However, there exists at present no scalable solution to acquire consistent information about active forest fires that is both spatially and temporally explicit. To overcome this limitation, we propose a statistical downscaling scheme based on deep
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Place Attachment and Concern in Relation to Family Forest Landowner Behavior Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Jessica Leahy; Patrick Lyons
Contemporary approaches to studying family forests have identified distinct subgroups of landowners through segmentation analysis. Our study expands on this approach, incorporating the concept of place to provide a novel perspective on how the cognition and emotions that create place attachment and landowner concerns influence certain landowner behaviors. We specifically modeled legacy planning and
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Accumulated Heating and Chilling Are Important Drivers of Forest Phenology and Productivity in the Algonquin-to-Adirondacks Conservation Corridor of Eastern North America Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Michael A. Stefanuk; Ryan K. Danby
Research Highlights: Forest phenology and productivity were responsive to seasonal heating and chilling accumulation, but responses differed across the temperature range. Background and Objectives: Temperate forests have responded to recent climate change worldwide, but the pattern and magnitude of response have varied, necessitating additional studies at higher spatial and temporal resolutions. We
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Investigation of Feller-Buncher Performance Using Weibull Distribution Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Ebru Bilici
With the advancement of technology in forestry, the utilization of advanced machines in forest operations has been increasing in the last decades. Due to their high operating costs, it is crucial to select the right machinery, which is mostly done by using productivity analysis. In this study, a productivity estimation model was developed in order to determine the timber volume cut per unit time for
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The European Heat Wave 2018: The Dendroecological Response of Oak and Spruce in Western Germany Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Burkhard Neuwirth; Inken Rabbel; Jörg Bendix; Heye R. Bogena; Boris Thies
The European heat wave of 2018 was characterized by extraordinarily dry and hot spring and summer conditions in many central and northern European countries. The average temperatures from June to August 2018 were the second highest since 1881. Accordingly, many plants, especially trees, were pushed to their physiological limits. However, while the drought and heat response of field crops and younger
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Phenological Analysis of Sub-Alpine Forest on Jeju Island, South Korea, Using Data Fusion of Landsat and MODIS Products Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Sang-Jin Park; Seung-Gyu Jeong; Yong Park; Sang-hyuk Kim; Dong-kun Lee; Yong-won Mo; Dong-seok Jang; Kyung-min Park
Climate change poses a disproportionate risk to alpine ecosystems. Effective monitoring of forest phenological responses to climate change is critical for predicting and managing threats to alpine populations. Remote sensing can be used to monitor forest communities in dynamic landscapes for responses to climate change at the species level. Spatiotemporal fusion technology using remote sensing images
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Differences in Growth and Log Quality of Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Provenances Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Peter Smolnikar; Robert Brus; Kristjan Jarni
Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) is a non-native conifer from western North America that was introduced into European forests at the end of the 19th century. Plantations of Douglas-fir in Europe have shown good performance, quality, and resilience to exacerbating climatic conditions. However, all these qualities strongly depend on provenance. A total of 1061 surviving trees of fifteen
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Allelopathic Effects of Three Herb Species on Phytophthora cinnamomi, a Pathogen Causing Severe Oak Decline in Mediterranean Wood Pastures Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 Manuela Rodríguez-Romero; Belén Godoy-Cancho; Isabel M. Calha; José António Passarinho; Ana Cristina Moreira
The ability of three herbaceous plants (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC., Eruca vesicaria L. and Raphanus raphanistrum L.) from Iberian wood pastures to reduce Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands pathogen populations through allelopathic relationships is studied. The inhibitory capacity of their aqueous root extracts (AREs) on mycelial growth and production of P. cinnamomi reproductive structures is analysed
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Heuristic Optimization of Thinning Individual Douglas-Fir Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 Todd West; John Sessions; Bogdan M. Strimbu
Research Highlights: (1) Optimizing mid-rotation thinning increased modeled land expectation values by as much as 5.1–10.1% over a representative reference prescription on plots planted at 2.7 and 3.7 m square spacings. (2) Eight heuristics, five of which were newly applied to selecting individual trees for thinning, produced thinning prescriptions of near identical quality. (3) Based on heuristic
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Applying Machine Strength Grading System to Round Timber Used in Hydraulic Engineering Works Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 Michela Nocetti; Giovanni Aminti; C. Brand Wessels; Michele Brunetti
Round timber is often used for hydraulic engineering works, but the strength grading of round logs is not as well developed as that of sawn timber. The advantages of using defined strength classes, as well as the proper selection of the raw material, could be applicable to hydraulic works as well. In this study, the methods and rules developed for sawn timber were applied to the mechanical selection
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Effects of Intra-Seasonal Drought on Kinetics of Tracheid Differentiation and Seasonal Growth Dynamics of Norway Spruce along an Elevational Gradient Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-27 Dominik Florian Stangler; Hans-Peter Kahle; Martin Raden; Elena Larysch; Thomas Seifert; Heinrich Spiecker
Research Highlights: Our results provide novel perspectives on the effectiveness and collapse of compensatory mechanisms of tracheid development of Norway spruce during intra-seasonal drought and the environmental control of intra-annual density fluctuations. Background and Objectives: This study aimed to compare and integrate complementary methods for investigating intra-annual wood formation dynamics
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Copy Number Variations of Glycoside Hydrolase 45 Genes in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Their Impact on the Pathogenesis of Pine Wilt Disease Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 Xiaolei Ding; Qingtong Wang; Yunfei Guo; Yulong Li; Sixi Lin; Qingwei Zeng; Feijian Sun; De-Wei Li; Jianren Ye
The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus parasitizes millions of pine trees worldwide each year, causing severe wilt and the death of host trees. Glycoside hydrolase 45 genes of B. xylophilus are reported to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from fungi and are responsible for cell wall degradation during nematode infection. Previous studies ignored the possibility of copy number
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Forest Landscape Restoration under Global Environmental Change: Challenges and a Future Roadmap Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 Florent Noulèkoun; Sylvanus Mensah; Emiru Birhane; Yowhan Son; Asia Khamzina
The adverse impacts of ecosystem degradation have raised the need for forest landscape restoration (FLR) to be included in international sustainability agendas. However, the path towards successful FLR implementation faces numerous biophysical, socioeconomic and governance challenges because FLR operates within complex socioecological systems. In the present study, we review and discuss FLR challenges
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Comparative Analysis and Phylogenetic Implications of Plastomes of Five Genera in Subfamily Amyridoideae (Rutaceae) Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 Kuo Sun; Qiao-Yun Liu; Ao Wang; Yong-Wei Gao; Liang-Cheng Zhao; Wen-Bin Guan
In the most recent classification of Rutaceae, Amyridoideae is the largest and most diverse subfamily. In Amyridoideae, the genera Phellodendron, Tetradium, Toddalia and Zanthoxylum were proposed as “proto-Rutaceae”due to substantial phytochemical similarities. In this study, we investigated the plastome varia-tions in eight species representing these four genera and Melicope. All plastomes exhibited
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Climate Variability, Land Cover Changes and Livelihoods of Communities on the Fringes of Bobiri Forest Reserve, Ghana Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 Frank Baffour-Ata; Philip Antwi-Agyei; Elias Nkiaka
Climate variability coupled with land use and land cover changes have resulted in significant changes in forest reserves in Ghana with major implications for rural livelihoods. Understanding the link between climate variability, land use and land cover changes and rural livelihoods is key for decision-making, especially regarding sustainable management of forest resources, monitoring of ecosystems
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Can Payments for Watershed Services Help Advance Restoration of Longleaf Pine? A Critically Engaged Research Approach Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 R. Sean Sellers; Melissa M. Kreye; Tyler J. Carney; Lauren K. Ward; Damian C. Adams
Private forests in the southeastern US are critical for providing a variety of ecosystem services, including timber production and water resource protection. Restoration of longleaf pine (LLP) forests and savannas tends to enhance some ecosystem services, including water supply, over timber production. A variety of payments for watershed services (PWS) strategies have emerged to address the market
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Exploring the Use of Ecosystem Services Conceptual Models to Account for the Benefits of Public Lands: An Example from National Forest Planning in the United States Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Lydia Olander; Katie Warnell; Travis Warziniack; Zoe Ghali; Chris Miller; Cathleen Neelan
A shared understanding of the benefits and tradeoffs to people from alternative land management strategies is critical to successful decision-making for managing public lands and fostering shared stewardship. This study describes an approach for identifying and monitoring the types of resource benefits and tradeoffs considered in National Forest planning in the United States under the 2012 Planning
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Interactions between Different Organosilicons and Archaeological Waterlogged Wood Evaluated by Infrared Spectroscopy Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Carmen-Mihaela Popescu; Magdalena Broda
The goal of the study was to characterise chemical interactions between waterlogged archaeological wood and organosilicon compounds applied for its conservation to shed lights on the mechanism of wood dimensional stabilisation by the chemicals. Two alkoxysilanes (methyltrimethoxysilane and (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane) and a siloxane (1,3-bis(diethylamino)-3-propoxypropanol)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane)
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Automated Marker-Free Registration of Multisource Forest Point Clouds Using a Coarse-to-Global Adjustment Strategy Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Wuming Zhang; Jie Shao; Shuangna Jin; Lei Luo; Junling Ge; Xinyue Peng; Guoqing Zhou
Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are two effective platforms for acquiring forest point clouds. TLS has an advantage in the acquisition of below-canopy information but does not include the data above the canopy. UAVs acquire data from the top viewpoint but are confined to the information above the canopy. To obtain complete forest point clouds and exploit the application
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The Influence of Forest Management and Changed Hydrology on Soil Biochemical Properties in a Central-European Floodplain Forest Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Martin Valtera; Jiří Volánek; Ladislav Holík; Václav Pecina; Jitka Novotná; Vojtěch Slezák; David Juřička
Anthropogenic modifications to water regimes are one of the main factors threatening the stability and existence of floodplain forests. This study presents an analysis of topsoil biogeochemistry within three floodplain forest stands with different levels of human alteration. Decreasing contents of soil organic carbon (OC) and microbial biomass were observed along the gradient from natural to plantation
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Partial Harvest in Paludified Black Spruce Stand: Short-Term Effects on Water Table and Variation in Stem Diameter Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Samuel Roy Proulx; Sylvain Jutras; Alain Leduc; Marc J. Mazerolle; Nicole J. Fenton; Yves Bergeron
The boreal forest is considered to be a low productivity forest due to its cold climate and poorly drained soils promoting paludification. These factors create conditions favouring accumulation of undecomposed organic matter, which causes declining growth rates of forest stands, ultimately converting mature stands into peatlands. Under these conditions, careful logging is conducted during winter, which
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Use of Post-Extraction Fir Wood Greenery Residues by the Bioconversion Method with the Production of Feed Additives Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Olga O. Mamaeva; Elena V. Isaeva
The effectiveness of forest resources depends on the comprehensiveness and rationality of their consumption and processing into finished products. This article discusses the problem of using solid fir wood greenery residues generated during the industrial production of essential oils. Bioconversion is considered to be the most promising use. The objective of this research was to study the chemical
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Revisiting the Functional Zoning Concept under Climate Change to Expand the Portfolio of Adaptation Options Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Samuel Royer-Tardif; Jürgen Bauhus; Frédérik Doyon; Philippe Nolet; Nelson Thiffault; Isabelle Aubin
Climate change is threatening our ability to manage forest ecosystems sustainably. Despite strong consensus on the need for a broad portfolio of options to face this challenge, diversified management options have yet to be widely implemented. Inspired by functional zoning, a concept aimed at optimizing biodiversity conservation and wood production in multiple-use forest landscapes, we present a portfolio
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Dendrogeomorphology of Different Landslide Types: A Review Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Karel Šilhán
The dating of past landslide events is one of the most crucial aspects of landslide research, leading to a better understanding of past landslide activity. Landslides can be extremely dangerous natural hazards, and thus, solving the relationships between their activity and climate variations is of high importance. For these purposes, data about past landslide activity are fundamental for such analyses
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Captures of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Adults in Post-Invasion White Ash Sites with Varying Amounts of Live Phloem Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Molly A. Robinett; Therese M. Poland; Deborah G. McCullough
Emerald ash borer (EAB), (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), first identified in 2002 in southeast Michigan, has caused catastrophic ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality in forests within the core of the invasion and has spread to 35 states and five Canadian provinces. Little is known about persistence and densities of EAB populations in post-invasion sites after most ash trees have died. We monitored EAB populations
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Intermediate Epicotyl Physiological Dormancy in the Recalcitrant Seed of Quercus chungii F.P.Metcalf with the Elongated Cotyledonary Petiole Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Xi-Qing Sun; Yi-Gang Song; Bin-Jie Ge; Xi-Ling Dai; Gregor Kozlowski
Control of seed germination and dormancy is important in seed plant adaptation and evolution. When studying seed dormancy of Quercus species, we observed a substantially delayed shoot emergence following a fast root emergence in Quercus chungii F.P.Metcalf. Since epicotyl physiological dormancy (PD) has not been reported in Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis, we examined seed morphology and germination
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Does Differentiation by Certified Raw Wood Change the Average Price at the Tama Roundwood Market Center in Tokyo, Japan? Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Shohei Kameyama; Katsuaki Sugiura
It is important to understand price premiums related to certified raw wood to predict the future of forest certifications from the perspective of forestry enterprises. We focused on identifying the trading roundwood market data in the economic center of power in Tokyo. This study aimed to clarify Tama-certified raw wood prices under the local area certification scheme, forest-certified raw wood prices
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Incidence and Severity of End-Splitting in Plantation-Grown Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. in North Borneo Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Manuel Espey; Paridah Md. Tahir; Seng Hua Lee; Adlin Sabrina Muhammad Roseley; Roger Meder
Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. is currently the predominant tree species deployed for tree plantation establishment in some parts of Borneo, particularly Sabah state, Malaysia. Its low disease susceptibility, good growth and form, and desirable wood properties make E. pellita particularly suitable for plantation development in the wet tropical regions of south-east Asia. In spite the many positive traits
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The Effect of LiDAR Sampling Density on DTM Accuracy for Areas with Heavy Forest Cover Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Mihnea Cățeanu; Arcadie Ciubotaru
Laser scanning via LiDAR is a powerful technique for collecting data necessary for Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generation, even in densely forested areas. LiDAR observations located at the ground level can be separated from the initial point cloud and used as input for the generation of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) via interpolation. This paper proposes a quantitative analysis of the accuracy of DTMs
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Tree Rings of European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.) Indicate the Relationship with Solar Cycles During Climate Change in Central and Southern Europe Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Václav Šimůnek; Zdeněk Vacek; Stanislav Vacek; Francesco Ripullone; Vojtěch Hájek; Giuseppe D’Andrea
The impact of solar cycles on forest stands, while important in the development of the forest environment during climate change, has not yet been sufficiently researched. This work evaluates the radial growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the mountain areas of southern Italy and central Europe (Czech Republic, Poland) in correlation to solar cycles (sunspot number), extreme climatic events
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USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory: Acetylation of Wood 1945–1966 Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Rebecca E. Ibach; Roger M. Rowell
The first research on acetylation of wood started in 1928, and the first research done on acetylation of wood at the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) started in 1945. This is a review of the research done between 1945 and 1966 at the FPL. This research was the first to show that acetylated wood was both decay-resistant and dimensionally stable. It was the pioneering research that
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Forest Conservation and Renewable Energy Consumption: An ARDL Approach Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Pablo Ponce; María de la Cruz Del Río-Rama; José Álvarez-García; Cristiana Oliveira
Deforestation shows the constant environmental degradation that occurs worldwide as a result of the growth of economic activity and the increase in population. This research examines the causal link between renewable energy consumption, GDP, GDP2, non-renewable energy price, population growth and forest area in high, middle- and low-income countries. Based on data obtained from World Development Indicators
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Early Performance of Tree Species in a Mountain Reforestation Experiment Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Robert Jandl; Georg Kindermann; Cecilie Foldal; Silvio Schüler; Christina Bouissou
Climate change requires forest managers to explore new concepts in reforestation. High-elevation sites are posing challenges because the range of tree species that can cope with present and future conditions is small and limited experience with candidate species is available. Methods: We selected a mountain site with nutrient-poor silicatic soils. The previous Norway spruce (Picea abies) stand performed
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Transcriptome Analysis for Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. Seedlings from Different Carbon Sequestration Provenances in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Xingtang Zhao; Lei Yu; Zhang Liu; Jianfei Liu; Xintong Ji; Xu Zhang; Mengqi Liu; Yushuo Mei; Fansuo Zeng; Yaguang Zhan
To explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of high-carbon (C) sequestration Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. (F. mandshurica) provenance and the expression profile of F. mandshurica during nitrogen (N) starvation, the foliage and roots of the annual Wuchang (WC) seedlings with greater C amount and Hailin (HL) seedlings with smaller C amount, which were grown in N-deficient nutrition and complete N, were
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A Novel Tree Biomass Estimation Model Applying the Pipe Model Theory and Adaptable to UAV-Derived Canopy Height Models Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Takashi Machimura; Ayana Fujimoto; Kiichiro Hayashi; Hiroaki Takagi; Satoru Sugita
Aiming to develop a new tree biomass estimation model that is adaptable to airborne observations of forest canopies by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), we applied two theories of plant form; the pipe model theory (PMT) and the statical model of plant form as an extension of the PMT for tall trees. Based on these theories, tree biomass was formulated using an individual tree canopy height model derived
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Effect of Thermal Modification Treatment on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pinus oocarpa Wood Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Jhon F. Herrera-Builes; Víctor Sepúlveda-Villarroel; Jairo A. Osorio; Linette Salvo-Sepúlveda; Rubén A. Ananías
This study deals with the effect of heat treatment on Pinus oocarpa specimens from forest plantations in Colombia. The effects of two heat treatments at 170 and 190 °C for 2.5 h in saturated vapor were evaluated based on the color, dimensional stability, air-dry and basic densities, modulus of elasticity (MOE), and modulus of rupture (MOR) in static bending of samples. The evaluations were carried
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Influence of Agisoft Metashape Parameters on UAS Structure from Motion Individual Tree Detection from Canopy Height Models Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Wade T. Tinkham; Neal C. Swayze
Applications of unmanned aerial systems for forest monitoring are increasing and drive a need to understand how image processing workflows impact end-user products’ accuracy from tree detection methods. Increasing image overlap and making acquisitions at lower altitudes improve how structure from motion point clouds represents forest canopies. However, only limited testing has evaluated how image resolution
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In Planta Analysis of the Radial Movement of Minerals from Inside to Outside in the Trunks of Standing Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) Trees at the Cellular Level Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Katsushi Kuroda; Kenichi Yamane; Yuko Itoh
Although the radial movement of minerals in tree trunks is a widely accepted phenomenon, experimental evidence of their movement in standing trees and underlying mechanisms is very limited. Previously, we clarified that cesium (Cs) artificially injected into the outer part of the sapwood of standing Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) trunks moved to the inner part of the sapwood, including
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Oreos Versus Orangutans: The Need for Sustainability Transformations and Nonhierarchical Polycentric Governance in the Global Palm Oil Industry Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Gabriel B. Snashall; Helen M. Poulos
While the myriad benefits of palm oil as a food, makeup, and cleaning product additive drive its demand, globally, the palm oil industry remains largely unsustainable and unregulated. The negative externalities of palm oil production are diverse and devastating to tropical ecosystem integrity and human livelihoods in palm oil nations. Given the current trend in increasing sustainability and transparency
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Tree Shape Variability in a Mixed Oak Forest using Terrestrial Laser Technology: Implications for Mating System Analysis Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Vlăduț Remus Tomșa; Alexandru Lucian Curtu; Mihai Daniel Niță
The accuracy of the description regarding tree architecture is crucial for data processing. LiDAR technology is an efficient solution for capturing the characteristics of individual trees. The aim of the present study was to analyze tree shape variability in a mixed oak forest consisting of four European white oak species: Quercus petraea, Q. frainetto, Q. pubescens, and Q. robur. Moreover, we tested
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Airborne Cupressaceae Pollen and Its Major Allergen, Cup a 1, in Urban Green Areas of Southern Iberian Peninsula Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Concepción De Linares; Maria Pilar Plaza; Ana M. Valle; Purificación Alcázar; Consuelo Díaz de la Guardia; Carmen Galán
Cupressaceae pollen is responsible for winter respiratory allergies in the Mediterranean area. Pollen grains of this diverse family share the same characteristics under light microscopy. Consequently, the partial contribution of each Cupressaceae species to the airborne pollen spectrum cannot be determined with conventional aerobiological methods. Studies on major aeroallergens offer better information
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Effect of Deadwood Decomposition on the Restoration of Soil Cover in Landslide Areas of the Karpaty Mountains, Poland Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Wojciech Piaszczyk; Jarosław Lasota; Grzegorz Gaura; Ewa Błońska
Disturbances play an essential role in the shaping of temporal and spatial heterogeneity in natural community structures. The aim of this study was to provide an assessment of the deadwood influence on the chemical and biochemical properties of soils in a landslide area. The samples used to determine soil properties were collected from the entire landslide area, with locations distributed on a regular
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Analysis of the Influence That Parameters Crookedness and Taper Have on Stack Volume by Using a 3D-Simulation Model of Wood Stacks Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Felipe de Miguel-Díez; Eduardo Tolosana-Esteban; Thomas Purfürst; Tobias Cremer
The influence that parameters crookedness and taper have on the stack volume was analyzed by using a 3D-simulation model in this study. To do so, log length, diameters at the midpoint and both ends, crookedness, bark thickness, taper and ovality were measured in 1000 logs of Scots pine. From this database, several data sets with different proportions of crooked and tapered logs in stack as well as
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High Rainfall Inhibited Soil Respiration in an Asian Monsoon Forest in Taiwan Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Jui-Chu Yu; Po-Neng Chiang; Yen-Jen Lai; Ming-Jer Tsai; Ya-Nan Wang
Soil respiration represents the second largest carbon flux, next to photosynthesis of the terrestrial biosphere, and thus plays a dual role in regional and global carbon cycles. However, soil respiration in Asian monsoon forests with high rainfall has rarely been studied. In this study, we continuously measured soil respiration using a 12-channel automated chamber system in a 61-year-old Japanese cedar
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Detection of Scots Pine Single Seed in Optoelectronic System of Mobile Grader: Mathematical Modeling Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Arthur Novikov; Viсtor Lisitsyn; Mulualem Tigabu; Paweł Tylek; Sergey Chuchupal
The development of mobile optoelectronic graders for separating viable seeds by spectrometric properties with high detection accuracy represents a very relevant direction of development for seed handling operations. Here, the main parameters of the radiation source and receiver for detecting a single seed in the diagnostic system of a mobile grader were modeled based on the principles of technical
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Changes in the Tree-Ring Width-Derived Cumulative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index over Northeast China during 1825 to 2013 CE Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Ruoshi Liu; Yi Song; Yu Liu; Xuxiang Li; Huiming Song; Changfeng Sun; Qiang Li; Qiufang Cai; Meng Ren; Lu Wang
Vegetation coverage is very important in terrestrial ecosystems and climate systems. However, the observational record of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which started in the 1980s when satellites became widely used, is too short to investigate the history of variation in vegetation coverage beyond the modern observation period. Here, we present a 189 y vegetation coverage series
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The Impact of a CO2 Laser on the Adhesion and Mold Resistance of a Synthetic Polymer Layer on a Wood Surface Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Ladislav Reinprecht; Zuzana Vidholdová
In the wood industry, laser technologies are commonly applied for the sawing, engraving, or perforation of solid wood and wood composites, but less knowledge exists about their effect on the joining and painting of wood materials with synthetic polymer adhesives and coatings. In this work, a CO2 laser with irradiation doses from 2.1 to 18.8 J·cm−2 was used for the modification of European beech (Fagus
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Energy Balance Closure in the Tugai Forest in Ebinur Lake Basin, Northwest China Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Dexiong Teng; Xuemin He; Lu Qin; Guanghui Lv
A persistent problem in surface flux research is that turbulent fluxes observed by eddy covariance methods tend to be lower than the available energy. Using 7 years of eddy covariance flux observations in the Ebinur Lake National Wetland Nature Reserve (ELNWNR) in Xinjiang, Northwest China, this study analyzes the surface–atmosphere energy transfer characteristics at the station to explore variation
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Carbon Losses from Decomposing Windrowed Sitka Spruce Woody Debris Over a 16-Year Chronosequence Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Brian Tobin; Giovanni Pastore; Maarten Nieuwenhuis
Meeting the reporting requirements of the Kyoto Protocol has focused attention on the potential of forests in sustainably sequestering carbon (C) to mitigate the effects of rising levels of atmospheric CO2. Much uncertainty remains concerning the ultimate effect of management on such sequestration effects. The management of woody debris (WD) and other deadwood stocks is an example of a management intervention
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Land Use Spatial Optimization for Sustainable Wood Utilization at the Regional Level: A Case Study from Vietnam Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Nguyen Dang Cuong; Köhl Michael; Mues Volker
Forest landscape restoration is a widely accepted approach to sustainable forest management. In addition to revitalizing degraded sites, forest landscape restoration can increase the supply of sustainable timber and thereby reduce logging in natural forests. The current study presents a spatial land use optimization model and utilizes a linear programming algorithm that integrates timber production
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Seasonal Stabilities of Soil Nematode Communities and Their Relationships with Environmental Factors in Different Temperate Forest Types on the Chinese Loess Plateau Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-21 Na Huo; Shiwei Zhao; Jinghua Huang; Dezhou Geng; Nan Wang; Panpan Yang
The bottom-up effects of vegetation have been documented to be strong drivers of the soil food web structure and functioning in temperate forests. However, how the forest type affects the stability of the soil food web is not well known. In the Ziwuling forest region of the Loess Plateau, we selected three typical forests, Pinus tabuliformis Carrière (PT), Betula platyphylla Sukaczev (BP), and Quercus
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Drought and Pathogen Effects on Survival, Leaf Physiology, Oxidative Damage, and Defense in Two Middle Eastern Oak Species Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-21 Ehsan Ghanbary; Omid Fathizadeh; Iman Pazhouhan; Mehrdad Zarafshar; Masoud Tabari Kouchaksaraei; Shahram Jafarnia; Ghasem Ali Parad; Martin Karl-Friedrich Bader
The charcoal disease agents, Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Obolarina persica are two latent, ascomycetous oak pathogens in the Middle Eastern Zagros forests, where they have devastating effects, particularly during drought. Under greenhouse conditions, we investigated the effects of the two charcoal disease agents individually and in combination with drought on survival, growth, foliar gas-exchange
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Mixed Regional Shifts in Conifer Productivity under 21st‑Century Climate Projections in Canada’s Northeastern Boreal Forest Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-21 Tyler Searls; James Steenberg; Xinbiao Zhu; Charles P.-A. Bourque; Fan-Rui Meng
Models of forest growth and yield (G&Y) are a key component in long-term strategic forest management plans. Models leveraging the industry-standard “empirical” approach to G&Y are frequently underpinned by an assumption of historical consistency in climatic growing conditions. This assumption is problematic as forest managers look to obtain reliable growth predictions under the changing climate of
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Aboveground Biomass Allocation of Boreal Shrubs and Short-Stature Trees in Northwestern Canada Forests (IF 2.221) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Linda Flade; Christopher Hopkinson; Laura Chasmer
In this follow-on study on aboveground biomass of shrubs and short-stature trees, we provide plant component aboveground biomass (herein ‘AGB’) as well as plant component AGB allometric models for five common boreal shrub and four common boreal short-stature tree genera/species. The analyzed plant components consist of stem, branch, and leaf organs. We found similar ratios of component biomass to total
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