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Assessment of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium sichuanense) infection in spruce trees by using hyperspectral data For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Dianguang Xiong; Huayi Huang; Zezhong Wang; Zhouyuan Li; Chengming Tian
Dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.,Viscaceae) (DM), a hemiparasitic plant, is nutritionally dependent upon its host tree and causes tree mortality in forests worldwide. Dwarf mistletoe infection results in physiological changes in the host, eventually causing the death of the host tree. In this study, we evaluated the changes in leaf reflectance of spruce trees, Picea crassifolia, infected by DM (Arceuthobium
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Resistance evaluation of walnut (Juglans spp.) against Xanthomonas arboricola and the correlation between leaf structure and resistance For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Hanbo Yang; Shan Han; Dan He; Shijiao Jiang; Guangli Cao; Xueqin Wan; Lianghua Chen; Jiujin Xiao; Peng Zhu
Walnut blight caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) is one of the most detrimental diseases affecting walnut quality and production. A screen of 18 walnut genotypes for leaf resistance to Xaj suggested species independent variation and revealed four highly resistant (HR) cultivars (‘96’, ‘91’, ‘Chuanzao2’ and ‘Qingxiang’), while ‘Yanyuanzao’ and ‘Xiangling’ were highly susceptible (HS)
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New microsatellite markers for the population studies of Racodium therryanum, a causal agent of snow blight in Japan For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Ayuka Iwakiri; Daisuke Sakaue; Norihisa Matsushita; Kenji Fukuda
Snow mold fungi cause serious damage to the seedlings of some coniferous species in the boreal region where deep snow covers the seedlings in winter. Racodium therryanum is one of the fungi causing such damage in Japan. Neither sexual nor asexual spores of R. therryanum have been found in the field, and thus, the taxonomy and life cycle of this fungus is unclear. In this study, we developed seven microsatellite
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Non‐linear reduction of photosynthetic ability in oak trees infected with Tubakia koreana causing Quercus leaf blight For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2021-01-03 Minjee Park; Hye Young Yun; Young Ho Kim; Kunhyo Kim; Hyun Seok Kim
Tubakia species are fungi causing leaf spots and blights and are reported worldwide, mainly in Asia, Europe and North America. These diseases often occur on Quercus (oak) trees, which constitute one of the dominant broad‐leaved tree genera in the world, so forest structure, function and dynamics could be affected by Tubakia infection. However, few data about the negative impacts of Tubakia on key leaf
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Transformation of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) tree crowns by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense, Viscaceae) For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 Stephen J. Calkins; David C. Shaw; Yung‐Hsiang Lan
Dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium species) are arboreal, hemiparasitic plants of conifers that can change the structure and function of the tree crown. Hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. tsugense) principally parasitizes western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and effects 10.8% of all western hemlock trees in Oregon, USA. In this study, we climbed 16 western hemlock trees (age 97–321 years
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A critical appraisal on the recurrence of sandalwood spike disease and its management practices For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 Soma Mondal; Ramachandran Sundararaj; H. C. Yashavantha Rao
Sandal (Santalum album) is an important forest tree that has been utilized for centuries, valued for its wood and scented essential oil derived from the heartwood. Sandalwood spike disease (SSD) is one of the most destructive problems that affect Indian sandalwood. In 1969, three research groups confirmed that the causal agent of SSD was a phytoplasma. Although research literature on sandalwood spike
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Xylem characteristics in Ulmus americana cultivars and their potential use as a preliminary screening method for Dutch elm disease resistance For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 Garrett L. Beier; Robert A. Blanchette
Traditional screening of American elm (Ulmus americana) for resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED) often requires many years between initial propagation of trees and inoculation of older trees in the field. Previously published studies have found an association between smaller vessel diameters and increased resistance to DED, but further validation was needed to determine whether it could provide a
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Chemical defence responses of Norway spruce to two fungal pathogens For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 Karolin Axelsson; Amene Zendegi‐Shiraz; Gunilla Swedjemark; Anna‐Karin Borg‐Karlson; Tao Zhao
Constitutive and inducible terpene production is involved in conifer resistance against insects and fungal infestations. To gain knowledge about local defence responses of Norway spruce bark against pathogens and to find potential chemical markers for resistance breeding, we inoculated the stem of 8‐year‐old Norway spruce (Picea abies) clonal trees with both Endoconidiophora polonica (Ep, a common
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Preliminary survey of nematodes associated with broadleaved trees in İzmit Forest Management Directorate, Turkey For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-10-21 Sinan Taşdemir; Süleyman Akbulut; Natsumi Kanzaki; Nuray Öztürk
A survey for Bursaphelenchus species was carried out in broadleaf forest sites of İzmit Forest Management Directorate. Nematodes were extracted from 128 wood samples, and 22 of them were cultured. Nematodes were identified using morphological characteristics and molecular analysis by amplifying D2‐D3 LSU with primers. Only one Bursaphelenchus species, Bursaphelenchus mucronatus kolymensis, was isolated
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Analysis of Swiss needle cast disease on Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca within a Christmas tree plantation in Mexico For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Oscar Javier Salgado‐Feregrino; Juan Velázquez‐Mendoza; María de Jesús Yáñez‐Morales; Marcos Jiménez‐Casas; Iobana Alanís‐Martínez; Jorge Valdez Carrasco
Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii causes Swiss needle cast disease in Douglas‐fir forest trees and ornamental plantations. This study analysed disease and pathogen behaviour from summer 2011 to spring 2012. An untreated plot within a Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca plantation in Valle de Bravo, Mexico was divided into 12 sub‐plots. At each sampling date, needles were collected from four trees per sub‐plot
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The potential diversity of vegetative compatibility types in the population of Cryphonectria parasitica in Turkey For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-08 Birsen Geçioğlu Erincik; Ömer Erincik; Serap Açıkgöz
The diversity of vegetative compatibility (vc) types of chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, has been reported to be very low in all of Turkey, except in the eastern Black Sea Region. However, risk for increase in vc type diversity has been pointed out regarding the emergence of new vc types as recombinants during sexual reproduction. In this study, the potential increase in the diversity
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A framework to evaluate climate effects on forest tree diseases For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Paul E. Hennon; Susan J. Frankel; Alex J. Woods; James J. Worrall; Daniel Norlander; Paul J. Zambino; Marcus V. Warwell; Charles G. Shaw
A conceptual framework for evaluation of climate effects on tree diseases is presented. Climate can exacerbate tree diseases by favouring pathogen biology, including reproduction and infection processes. Climatic conditions can also cause abiotic disease—direct stress or mortality when trees’ physiological limits are exceeded. When stress is sublethal, weakened trees may subsequently be killed by secondary
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Resistance and tolerance of Douglas‐fir seedlings to inoculation with the fungal root pathogen Coniferiporia sulphurascens For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Mike G. Cruickshank; Rona N. Sturrock; Kevin W. Pellow; Isabel Leal
Two‐year‐old interior Douglas‐fir seedlings in a greenhouse were artificially inoculated with Coniferiporia sulphurascens and grown for four years. The study population included 2,261 seedlings from 94 half‐sibling families distributed across four breeding zones. There was little mortality over the 4 years, but there was advanced stain internally at the root collar from infection by the fungus indicating
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Phenolic compound concentrations in Picea abies wood as an indicator of susceptibility towards root pathogens For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-14 Czesław Bartnik; Katarzyna Nawrot‐Chorabik; Stephen Woodward
Quantification of total phenolic compounds in the heartwood of Picea abies using the Folin–Ciocalteu methods showed that concentrations of phenolic compounds in the heart‐ and sapwood of Picea abies varied, depending on the decay class to which boles were allocated. In the heartwood, mean phenolic concentration was 3.28 mg/g, compared with 2.44 mg/g in sapwood. Experiments using different concentrations
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A potential role for Botryosphaeria parva (Anamorph Neofusicoccum parvum) in plane tree (Platanus orientalis) decline in İstanbul, Turkey For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-14 İlker Kurbetli; Mehmet Aydoğdu; Görkem Sülü; Stephen Woodward; Fikret Demirci
Dieback and trunk canker symptoms were observed on centenarian plane trees (Platanus orientalis) in Gezi Park and Dolmabahçe Avenue in İstanbul province of Turkey in August 2015. Reddish‐brown canker lesions covered approximately half of the tree trunk, from roots to top of the trees. The external symptoms were chlorosis, defoliation and dieback, and most of the affected trees were leafless. Three
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First report of Lecanosticta acicola on pine and non‐pine hosts in Turkey For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-15 Funda Oskay; Marili Laas; Martin Mullett; Asko Lehtijärvi; Hatice Tuğba Doğmuş‐Lehtijärvi; Steve Woodward; Rein Drenkhan
Brown spot needle blight, caused by Lecanosticta acicola, is a serious disease of pines worldwide and has become of great concern in Europe over the last decade, with significantly increased outbreaks in pine forests. We examined native and non‐native Pinaceae taxa (four Cedrus and 24 Pinus) in the Atatürk Arboretum, Istanbul, Turkey, for the presence of L. acicola. Needles were sampled from 37 trees
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Diagnostic markers for Teratosphaeria destructans and closely related species For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Minette Havenga; Brenda D. Wingfield; Michael J. Wingfield; Léanne L. Dreyer; Francois Roets; Janneke Aylward
Teratosphaeria foliar pathogens cause leaf and shoot blight on Eucalyptus trees in many parts of the world. Among them, T. destructans is one of the most aggressive pathogens causing defoliation of young Eucalyptus trees in tropic regions. Identification of T. destructans to species level is currently not possible based solely on morphological characteristics or ITS sequence data. The aim of this study
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Occurrence and diversity of Phytophthora species in declining broadleaf forests in western Ukraine For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Iryna Matsiakh; Volodymyr Kramarets; Michelle Cleary
In western Ukraine, forest decline and dieback of several broadleaved tree species have become increasingly evident during recent years, and surveys in some areas have shown symptoms indicative of Phytophthora infections. In this study, we aimed to determine the occurrence and diversity of Phytophthora species associated with several broadleaved tree species (Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Castanea
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New hosts for Lecanosticta acicola and Dothistroma septosporum in newly established arboreta in Spain For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 Nebai Mesanza; Rosa Raposo; Margarita Elvira‐Recuenco; Irene Barnes; Ariska van der Nest; Mónica Hernández; Maria Teresa Pascual; Iskander Barrena; Unai San Martín; Alejandro Cantero; Laura Hernandez‐Escribano; Eugenia Iturritxa
A historical outbreak of needle blight disease was recorded during 2018 to 2019 in plantations of Pinus radiata and Pinus nigra in the North of Spain. The main pathogens involved in this historical outbreak were identified as Lecanosticta acicola and Dothistroma septosporum. Recently, a variety of tree species in three arboreta planted between 2011 and 2013 in the Basque Country as part of the European
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Phylogeography and host range of Armillaria gallica in riparian forests of the northern Great Plains, USA For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-12-02 Brandon C. Alveshere; Shawn McMurtrey; Patrick Bennett; Mee‐Sook Kim; John W. Hanna; Ned B. Klopfenstein; James T. Blodgett; Jared M. LeBoldus
Root disease pathogens, including Armillaria, are a leading cause of growth loss and tree mortality in forest ecosystems of North America. Armillaria spp. have a wide host range and can cause significant reductions in tree growth that may lead to mortality. DNA sequence comparisons and phylogenetic studies have allowed a better understanding of Armillaria spp. taxonomic diversity. Genetic sequencing
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First report of Calonectria cerciana causing leaf blight of Eucalyptus in northern India For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Ratnaboli Bose; Shailesh Pandey; Pooja Joshi; Sabyasachi Banerjee; Amit Pandey; Maneesh S. Bhandari
Eucalyptus spp. and their hybrids are frequently cloned and mass planted across farmland tracts and commercial plantations in northern India. It is a viable feeder species to the paper and pulp industries in this region. In 2018 and 2019, during field surveys conducted in northern India, a serious leaf blight disease was frequently observed in E. tereticornis plantations. Isolation from the blighted
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The influence of time, soil moisture and exogenous factors on the survival potential of oospores and chlamydospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-29 Jamba Gyeltshen; William A. Dunstan; Andrew H. Grigg; Treena I. Burgess; Giles E. St. J. Hardy
The mode of persistence of Phytophthora cinnamomi, a highly aggressive soil‐ and water‐borne pathogen, remains unclear. This study investigated the survival of viable oospores and chlamydospores of P. cinnamomi when present as free propagules in untreated soil, or in soil subject to four exogenous treatments: smoke water, fish emulsion and two fungicides (ridomil and furalaxyl). The exogenous treatments
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Botryosphaeriaceae species causing canker and dieback of English walnut (Juglans regia) in Italy For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Giorgio Gusella; Selene Giambra; Gaetano Conigliaro; Santella Burruano; Giancarlo Polizzi
English walnut (Juglans regia) is an important nut crop worldwide and is currently considered emerging in Italy. Botryosphaeriaceae fungi cause symptoms including cankers, discoloration and dieback, and several species are reported across the world on walnut. In this study, symptomatic trees from an orchard in Southern Italy showing branch dieback, cankers, wood discoloration and gummosis were surveyed
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Screening of Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a) varieties for resistance to Ceratocystis lukuohia For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Blaine Luiz; Elizabeth A. Stacy; Lisa M. Keith
Stands of the landscape‐dominant tree, Metrosideros polymorpha (‘ōhi‘a) on the Island of Hawai‘i, HI., USA, are dying from a phenomenon known as rapid ‘ōhi‘a death (ROD). Approximately 180,000 acres of forest have already been impacted by the disease, the majority of which is attributed to C. lukuohia, the more aggressive of the two Ceratocystis species responsible for ROD. Three isolates of C. lukuohia
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Aqueous leaf extract of Ligustrum vulgare inhibits ascospore germination and mycelial growth of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Valentin Brühwiler; Thomas N. Sieber
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of common ash dieback, possesses a low level of genetic diversity in Europe. The introduction of novel strains of this fungus must be prevented, due to the possible emergence of new virulence alleles, which could result in the infestation of the small proportion of hitherto resistant or tolerant ash trees. More comprehensive knowledge of the host spectrum of
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Agrobacterium pusense, a new plant tumour‐inducing pathogen isolated from Lawson cypress For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Esmaeil Basavand; Nargues Falahi Charkhabi; Pejman Khodaygan; Heshmatollah Rahimian
Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), an important landscape tree, is widely planted in gardens and parks throughout Iran. Crown gall disease on Lawson cypress trees was observed in Sari and Juybar Counties, Mazandaran province, northern Iran, in 2017. Isolation from galls on potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing CaCO3 yielded bacterial colonies, the predominant types of which were purified and
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Occurrence of Dothistroma needle blight in Lithuania and Belarus: The risk posed to native Scots Pine forests For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-08-14 Svetlana Markovskaja; Kristina Raitelaitytė; Audrius Kačergius; Pavel Kolmakov; Vladislav Vasilevich
Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) caused by the ascomycetous fungus Dothistroma septosporum is an important pine disease in Europe. In this study, we determined the distribution and abundance of D. septosporum in local Scots pine forests and plantations in Lithuania and neighbouring Belarus by combining morphological observations and molecular tools. This is the first valid report on the occurrence of
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First detection of Bursaphelenchus abietinus and B. andrassyi in Italy For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 Giulia Torrini; Francesco Paoli; Giuseppe Mazza; Stefania Simoncini; Agostino Strangi; Alessandro Guidotti; Emiliano Mori; Pio Federico Roversi; Leonardo Marianelli
During the annual monitoring surveys for the pinewood nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, conducted in the Tuscany region (Central Italy) from the year 2015 to 2019, a total of 1,025 wood samples were collected from symptomatic plants in coniferous forests. Among the eight Bursaphelenchus species found, Bursaphelenchus abietinus and B. andrassyi were identified through morphological and molecular
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New observations on occurrence and distribution of Bursaphelenchus spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in conifers in Romania For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Monica Mitrea‐Călin; Maria L. Inácio; Claudia Costache; Filomena Nóbrega; Manuel Mota; Stelica Cristea; Helen Braasch
Six species of the genus Bursaphelenchus were recovered as the result of a survey to assess the potential introduction of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus into the conifer forests of Romania. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was not detected in the sampling regions. Bursaphelenchus dietrichi was recovered from one point, representing the first report of this species in the country. The other detected species,
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Taxonomical re‐examination of the genus Phyllosticta—Parasitic fungi on Cupressaceae trees in Japan For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-09-13 Yukako Hattori; Keiichi Motohashi; Kazuaki Tanaka; Chiharu Nakashima
Taxonomical re‐examination of the Phyllosticta species parasitic fungi on coniferous trees (Cupressaceae) in Japan was conducted based on current criteria, such as morphological and cultural characteristics, phylogenetic relationship and pathogenicity. Phylogenetic analyses revealed several clades composed of plant pathogens isolated from a specific host as well as clades composed of endophytic species
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First report of Quambalaria eucalypti in young Eucalyptus plants in field conditions in Brazil For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Gizeli S. Santos; Reginaldo G. Mafia; Talyta G. Zarpelon; Thaissa P. F. Soares; Maria A. Ferreira
The genus Quambalaria includes several important pathogens of Eucalyptus and Corymbia spp., mainly those that cause leaf and shoot blight. The species Quambalaria eucalypti has been reported to be an aetiological agent of this disease in Brazil only in nurseries involved in the production of Eucalyptus minicuttings, where climatic conditions are more favourable for the pathogen. The aim of this study
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Decay fungi associated with cavity excavation by a large South American woodpecker For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 Carla Pozzi; Mario Rajchenberg; Valeria Ojeda
In temperate systems of the Northern Hemisphere, wood‐decay fungi are known to facilitate cavity excavation by woodpeckers. For South America, woodpecker–fungi interactions have not been explored. The aim of this work was to identify wood‐decay fungi associated with the process of cavity excavation by the Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus), a large South American picid that excavates
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A phytoplasma survey reveals the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fragariae’ in Ulmus spp. and Acer pseudoplatanus in Belgium For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Kris De Jonghe; Thomas Goedefroit; Anne‐Marie Deeren; Frédéric Fauche; Stéphan Steyer
A Belgium‐wide survey to determine the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma ulmi’ elm trees was performed on nearly 600 elm trees. The randomly sampled elms were screened for the presence of phytoplasmas using a standard generic nested PCR method. In five symptomless elm trees, phytoplasmas were detected. Multiple gene sequence analysis (16S rRNA, tuf, rplV‐rpsC‐rplP), virtual RFLP of the 16S rRNA gene
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Prevalence of major wood‐decay Agaricomycetes in artificial, managed near‐natural and undisturbed forests of South Moravia, Czechia For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 László Benedek Dálya; Petr Sedlák
Most wood‐decay fungi contribute to the healthy functioning of forest ecosystems, whereas others cause infectious diseases of woody plants and high economic losses for forest management. In this study, we pursued the hypothesis that pathogenic wood‐rotting Agaricomycetes occur less frequently in undisturbed forests than in managed stands, especially artificial monocultures. The prevalence of two important
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Erythrina variegata is a new host species to Colletotrichum siamense in Brazil For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-08-09 Debora Cervieri Guterres; Daiana Maria Queiroz Azevedo; Willian Marlon Oliveira; Gleiber Quintão Furtado
Spots have been observed on petioles and along the midrib and vein of leaves from saplings and shrubs of Erythrina variegata in a Brazilian municipality in the state of Minas Gerais. An acervular fungus resembling Colletotrichum spp. was consistently observed associated with these spots. The aim of this study was to identify the fungus associated with E. variegata employing morphological characteristics
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First report of Ceratocystis fimbriata causing wilt on Gmelina arborea in Costa Rica For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Dawa Méndez‐Álvarez; Tonimara de Souza Cândido; Acelino Couto Alfenas; Olman Murillo; Yorleny Badilla; Rafael Ferreira Alfenas
Increased diseases outbreaks in Gmelina arborea (melina) are a threat to sustainability of commercial plantations. One main disease, known as 'melina sudden death', limits the growth and development of trees, causing losses of up to 40% in commercial plantation. However, the main cause of this disease was unknown, until now. Proof of Ceratocystis fimbriata as the aetiological agent of 'melina sudden
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Erysiphe lespedezae causing powdery mildew on Bauhinia variegata, B. blakeana and Desmodium caudatum in Taiwan For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Yi‐Ting Xiao; Chao‐Jen Wang; Tung‐Chin Huang; Yuan‐Min Shen
In March 2020, symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on Bauhinia variegata, B. blakeana and Desmodium caudatum in Taiwan. The fungus was identified as Erysiphe lespedezae based on morphological characteristics of the anamorph and the molecular analysis of the rDNA ITS sequences. In the phylogenetic tree, the powdery mildews on Bauhinia spp. and D. caudatum were divided into two groups, suggesting
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Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands in Slovakia For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-09-28 Miłosz Tkaczyk; Katarzyna Sikora; Juraj Galko; Andrej Kunca; Ivan Milenković
During the monitoring of oak decline phenomenon in Slovakia, symptoms indicative of Phytophthora diseases were observed in sessile oak stands in western Slovakia. The study aimed to test the presence and diversity of Phytophthora species associated with declining oak stands. From rhizosphere soil samples, Phytophthora plurivora, P. quercina and Pythium intermedium were detected. Soil inoculation tests
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Oil palm survival under climate change in Malaysia with future basal stem rot assessments For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-10-11 R. Russell M. Paterson
The high economic return from sales of palm oil is because of its inclusion in a vast range of commodities, and Malaysia is the second largest producer after Indonesia. However, increasing cultivation of oil palm has a negative environmental impact threatening sustainability. Basal stem rot (BSR) by Ganoderma boninense is of major concern to sustainability of the palm oil industry. CLIMEX, a computer
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The natural persistence and distribution of the proposed biological control agent Verticillium nonalfalfae on Ailanthus altissima in Virginia, USA For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-10-08 Rachel K. Brooks; Anton Baudoin; Scott M. Salom
Reports of Ailanthus altissima stand declines in south‐central Pennsylvania resulted in the identification of the causal agent, a vascular wilt fungus, Verticillium nonalfalfae. Additional surveys throughout North America and Europe found that this disease outbreak was not an isolated event. One of these surveys identified and monitored six naturally diseased A. altissima stands in Virginia, USA, between
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Production of β‐glucosidases by European Armillaria species For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-08-03 H. Idder‐Ighili; A. Agustian; M. A. Idder; J. J. Guillaumin; D. Wipf; B. Botton
Production of β‐glucosidase was investigated in nine isolates of Armillaria representing four species found in Europe: Armillaria mellea and Armillaria ostoyae, considered to be pathogenic and moderately pathogenic, respectively, and Armillaria. gallica and Armillaria cepistipes, both considered to be non‐pathogenic. β‐glucosidase was predominantly produced in the rhizomorphs, while the vegetative
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X‐ray computed tomography of severed root wounds of Prunus serrulata and Zelkova serrata For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Junhyung Park, Dahye Seo, Ki Woo Kim
The performance of laboratory X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) for the non‐destructive imaging of root wood was evaluated. Lateral roots of oriental cherry (Prunus serrulata var. spontanea) and Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata) were severed in spring and maintained in soil for 6 months. Without sectioning, XCT revealed the phloem, xylem and vascular cambium structures in the root wood. A virtual transverse
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First record of Ektaphelenchoides pini associated with Ips sexdentatus on Pinus nigra laricio in Italy For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 Giada d'Errico, Elena Fanelli, Alberto Troccoli, Francesco Binazzi, Silvia Landi, Pio Roversi, Francesca De Luca
In February 2015, an unexpected windstorm downed five hectares of a European black pine Pinus nigra subsp. laricio forest formation located close to Vallombrosa, Florence (Central Italy). In the following spring, an extensive survey was conducted in the area. Felled trees, stumps and all the suitable plant material were screened for the presence of the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
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Cenostigma tocantinum, a new host of Colletotrichum siamense For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-07-25 Ana Francisca Tibúrcia A. Ferreira e Ferreira; Blenda N. S. Silva; Adolfo J. Mota; Jânia Lília S. B. Lima
Trees of Cenostigma tocantinum showing brown leaf spots surrounded by chlorotic areas were observed at the campus of the Federal University of Amazonas, Brazil, in 2018. Necrotic lesions were covered by orange masses of hyaline cylindrical conidia with rounded ends, typical of the genus Colletotrichum. Three monoconidial isolates were subject of DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification and sequencing
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Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a poorly known species—Erysiphe bulbouncinula (Erysiphaceae) on Koelreuteria paniculata For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Li Liu, Shu‐Rong Tang, Susumu Takamatsu, Uwe Braun, Yu Li, Shu‐Yan Liu
Erysiphe bulbouncinula (≡ Bulbouncinula bulbosa) on Koelreuteria paniculata is a powdery mildew native and endemic in China. Fresh samples of this species were collected on K. paniculata in Sichuan Province, China, in 2018. This is the fourth confirmed identification of this species. The original description in 1932 was based on one specimen from Hangzhou and then was described in Nanjing in 1990 and
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Campsisgrandiflora as a new host species harbouring two novel 16SrI subgroups of phytoplasmas For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Zheng‐Nan Li, Ping‐Ping Sun, Lei Zhang
In September 2019, two diseased plants of Campsis grandiflora showing the main symptom of witches' ‐broom (CgWB) were found in a nursery garden in Yangling, Shaanxi province, China. Partial 16S ribosomal RNA (F2nR2 region) and ribosomal protein (rp) genes of phytoplasmas were generated from the symptomatic plants by PCR amplification, and phytoplasma bodies were observed in the sieve tube elements
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Volatile organic compounds (VOC) as biomarkers for detection of Ceratocystis platani For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 Federico Brilli, Nicola Luchi, Marco Michelozzi, Luca Calamai, Gabriele Cencetti, Francesco Pecori, Emanuele Nigrone, Alberto Santini
Ceratocystis platani causes canker stain of plane trees, and it represents a serious disease of Platanus spp. both in the United States and Europe. Current chemical or biological controls do not effectively manage C. platani, so new preventive methods need to be developed in order to limit this pathogen spreading. In this work, we have characterized the main volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted
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The true nature of Ganoderma in Iran: Taxonomy based on ITS and mtSSU rDNA For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-06-08 Somayeh Keypour, Hossein Riahi, Mohammad Reza Asef, Jafar Abdollahzadeh, Ali borhani, Naser Safaie
The genus Ganoderma Karst. has broad‐spectrum usage in biotechnology, medicine and the food industry. The complexity of the morphology within species has led to uncertain identification in the past, but recent advancements in molecular identification methods have provided scientists with the opportunity to better understand the taxonomy of the species. The present study attempts for the first time
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Oil palm survival under climate change in Kalimantan and alternative SE Asian palm oil countries with future basal stem rot assessments For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-05-31 R. Russell M. Paterson
Oil palm (OP) is affected by climate change and the cultivation of the crop also contributes to climate alteration. Simulation modelling and large data sets indicated the effects of climate change on OP will be to (a) reduce growth and yields and (b) cause death of some OP. Furthermore, basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense, a serious disease of OP, has increased over the past two or three
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Bacterial shoot blight of sweet crab apple caused by Pseudomonas viridiflava For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-05-25 Okhee Choi, Yeyeong Lee, Byeongsam Kang, Seunghoe Kim, Juyoung Bae, Jinwoo Kim
Sweet crab apple (Malus coronaria) is a popular ornamental tree planted in gardens and urban forests in South Korea. In 2018, severe symptoms were observed on street plantings of sweet crab apple in Jinju, South Korea including shoot blight: shoot tips, twigs and foliage of infected trees turned brown, and dried completely. The causal agent isolated from the disease lesions was identified as Pseudomonas
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Foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, population dynamics in leaves and buds of beech leaf disease‐affected trees in Canada and the US For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-05-20 Sharon E. Reed, Sylvia Greifenhagen, Qing Yu, Adam Hoke, David J. Burke, Lynn K. Carta, Zafar A. Handoo, Mihail R. Kantor, Jennifer Koch
A foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, is associated with beech leaf disease (BLD) symptoms. Information about the types of tissues parasitized and how nematode populations fluctuate in these tissues over time is needed to improve surveys as well as understand the nematodes role in BLD. During this study, the nematode was detected throughout the known range of BLD by researchers at
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Detection and spread of Phytophthora austrocedri within infected Juniperus communis woodland and diversity of co‐associated Phytophthoras as revealed by metabarcoding For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-05-17 Carolyn E. Riddell, Heather F. Dun, Matt Elliot, April C. Armstrong, Mhairi Clark, Jack Forster, Pete E. Hedley, Sarah Green
Phytophthora austrocedri is a recently invasive soilborne pathogen which is causing widespread mortality of Juniperus communis in northern Britain. The pathways by which a single genotype of P. austrocedri has spread to infect such a geographically dispersed range of woodland sites within a relatively short timeframe are unknown. This study examined the detectability of P. austrocedri in soil and water
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A key effector, BxSapB2, plays a role in the pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-05-17 Qun Zhao, Long‐Jiao Hu, Xiao‐Qin Wu, Yuan‐Chao Wang
The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses in pine forests. The plant‐parasitic nematodes have a complex life cycle that includes the secretion of effector proteins through a stylet into the host cell to promote parasitism. In this study, SignalP 4.1 and TMHMM 2.0 were used in preliminary screens for candidate effectors and were expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana
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First report on the Dutch elm disease pathogen Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi from Latvia For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-05-15 Ilze Matisone, Kristīne Kenigsvalde, Astra Zaļuma, Natālija Burņeviča, Ilze Šņepste, Roberts Matisons, Tālis Gaitnieks
During 2017, Dutch elm disease was investigated on 67 Ulmus glabra and 29 Ulmus laevis samples from 28 sites in Latvia. The presence of Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi was detected in 61.2% of the samples from U. glabra and in 34.5% of the samples from U. laevis. In 11% of cases, hybrids between subsp. novo‐ulmi and subsp. americana were identified, particularly in the sites in the southern part of Latvia. This
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Detection method for Fusarium torreyae the canker pathogen of the critically endangered Florida torreya, Torreya taxifolia For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-05-12 Tyler J. Dreaden, Tania Quesada, Jason A. Smith
Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia Arn.) is an endangered conifer with a very limited range in the USA: two counties in Florida and one in Georgia, along the Apalachicola River. The species was once abundant in its small native range but suffered a major decline, ~99% loss, in the late 1950s to early 1960s that is thought to have been caused by a disease. Recently, a canker disease caused by Fusarium
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Fungal lesion length and expansion rate for the root pathogen Armillaria ostoyae in Douglas‐fir affecting root colonization and damage For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 Michael G. Cruickshank, Derek F. Sattler
Plant lesions affect disease impact, progression and host resistance. Root lesions caused by Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink were inspected on 24‐ to 34‐year‐old planted Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) pulled from the soil in five locations. Four hundred seventy‐nine lesions were measured for length (mm), expansion rate (mm/year) and lesion type. Lesion types were patch lesions
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First report of Calonectria montana causing damping‐off disease on pine and spruce seedlings in Europe For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 Hanna Stępniewska, Robert Jankowiak, Piotr Boroń, Kamil Woźniak
In 2015–2016, damping‐off symptoms were observed on Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings in four forest nurseries in Poland. Some Calonectria isolates were obtained from symptomatic seedlings by culturing pieces of necrotic tissue on malt extract agar.Morphological and molecular analyses revealed that isolates represent Calonectria montana, a recently described species from natural forests in
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Mortierella species from declining Araucaria araucana trees in Patagonia, Argentina For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-04-11 María L. Vélez, Jorge A. Marfetán, María E. Salgado Salomón, Leonardo E. Taccari
Since 2015, Araucaria araucana, an ecologically and economically important conifer native to Argentina and Chile, has suffered an unusual partial death of the crown throughout almost all of the distribution range in Argentina. No primary pathogen or pest was evident, associated with the phenomenon. Isolates of Mortierella, a poorly studied fungal genus in Patagonia, were obtained from the margins of
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Cover Image For. Pathol. (IF 1.196) Pub Date : 2020-04-10 Lynn Kay Carta, Zafar A. Handoo, Shiguang Li, Mihail Kantor, Gary Bauchan, David McCann, Colette K. Gabriel, Qing Yu, Sharon Reed, Jennifer Koch, Danielle Martin, David J. Burke
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