Hymenocrater comprises of 11 species throught the world. The genus is an Irano-Turanian elements, which has several usages in traditional medicine. Northeast of Iran is the main geographical region of Hymenocrater species. The aims of the peresent study was to delimit 11 species of Hymenocrater to determine the species relationships based on morphological and molecular data (cp-DNA sequence), to produce

Faba bean is one of the oldest legume crop grown around the world for its cheap source of protein and for being used in crop rotation with cereals to improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. This study was designed to determine the extent and pattern of genetic diversity and relationships among 48 Ethiopian faba bean genotypes using 37 SNPs loci based on Kompetitive allele specific PCR SNP

The wild species of rice, Oryza rufipogon, is a source of genetic variation for yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance. With the objective to genetically enhance the elite rice cultivar, ‘Samba Mahsuri’, a set of 192 BC2F2 and BC2F3 lines developed from O. rufipogon was characterized for yield-enhancing traits and blast resistance. The study revealed the presence of significant genetic variability

Male sterility is widely utilized for hybrid seed production. In this study, two new found male sterile mutants SauS4 and SauS5 were obtained from space flighted seeds of maize inbred line RP125. Then, genetic analysis, molecular markers identification, and cytological observation were conducted to confirm their male sterile types. For genetic analysis, the above two male sterile mutants were continuously

Less-known melons belonging to the genus Cucumis melo L. were studied for the Indian region. A total of 39 accessions of distinct types in less-known melons, C. melo subsp. agrestis var. agrestis (local names-‘choti kachri’, ‘badi kachri’, ‘sukkangai’), C. melo subsp. agrestis var. momordica (‘phunt’, ‘vellari’; snap melon), C. melo subsp. agrestis var. conomon (‘sohthiar’; oriental pickling melon)

Ethnobotanical studies in South-Eastern Europe have gained several scholars’ and stakeholders’ interest since they are considered crucial for evaluating and valorizing the local bio-cultural heritage. While the Kosovar flora is estimated to comprise more than 2500 species, Kosovo also represents a reservoir of cultural, linguistic, and religious diversities. An ethnobotanical field study was carried

Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is divided into two subspecies, indica (O. sativa L. subsp. indica) and japonica (O. sativa L. subsp. japonica). Variation patterns in rice quality become more complex in the offspring produced from indica–japonica hybridization owing to interactions between inter-subspecies components. No QTLs underlying rice milled quality have been successfully cloned; hence

Aluminium toxicity is adversely affecting the rice growth and production in acidic soils of developing countries. Rice is popular and stable crop which meets food requirements of about 50% world population. A set of 122 rice backcross recombinant inbreed lines (BRILs) derived from a cross between Japonica (cv.02428) and Indica (Changhui/891) was grown in nutrient solution. High density linkage map

East Asian region is home to wild soybean and has high topographic complexity. Measuring genetic diversity and geographical distribution patterns are essential steps to expand the germplasm base. We used SoySNP6K to determine the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the wild soybean populations from four East-Asian geographies i.e. China, Japan, Korea, and Russian Far East. The wild

Mucuna Adans., commonly known as the velvet bean, has a great potential not only being a genus of medicinal importance in the Indian system of medicine as a source of L-dopa but also as food, livestock feed, cover crop and being tolerant to abiotic stresses. Exploration and germplasm collections were undertaken in different phyto-geographical zones and tribal dominated areas of Odisha in Eastern India

Burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.), a native of the Mediterranean Basin, has become a worldwide weed. Pasture cultivars have been selected, especially in Australia. The species is extremely variable, and there is little agreement on its infraspecific classification. Towards a better understanding of its variation pattern, present study examined population genetic structure and genetic diversity in

Leaf rust (Puccinia recondite f. sp. Tritici) is the prevalent wheat (Triticum aestivum) disease in many areas of the world. The preferred method of control is to introduce resistance genes against this disease into elite wheat germplasm, an approach that is more environmentally friendly than applying fungicides and that has underpinned sustained wheat production to date. Identifying new adult-plant

Cola millenii K. Schum. is a wild edible fruit tree of high socio-economic importance in Sub-Sahara Africa. Its fruit pulp is used for food and nutritional purposes. Other parts of the tree are locally used against several diseases. Given the current threats to natural stands of this species, its domestication has been suggested as one of the methods for its sustainable management. The present study

Genetic variability, phylogenetic relationship and population structure were evaluated among 50 accessions of three Iranian Pistacia species using start codon targeted (SCoT) primers and morphological traits. Genetic similarity and structure of the germplasm were evaluated based on the molecular data and their association with phenotypic characters were estimated by multiple regression analysis. The

The development of maize germplasm with resistance to red flour beetle requires identification of donors of resistant traits and understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying resistance. As resistance sources are scarce in elite maize lines, teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis; 2n = 20) following insect bioassay was found to be resistant and therefore used as parent in a cross with flour beetle

In India, horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.] is generally preferred as a contingent crop when the onset of rain is delayed or region-specific popular crops fail to establish due to early season drought. The uncertain and delayed rainfall very often forces farmers to plant horse gram beyond the recommended month of sowing (September). The productivity of horse gram significantly reduces

Ethnobotanical survey presents the first step in the identification of new bioactive compounds. This study aimed to collect, document and analyse data on the traditional use of medicinal plants in Jablanica district (South-Eastern Serbia) and to compare traditional knowledge with scientifically proven data. Ethnobotanical study was carried out using semi-structured interviews with 103 informants. Discussion

In the Philippines, Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps is a native crop important for medicinal and ornamental purposes. Despite its importance in the country, there had been no attempts to elucidate its intraspecific variation. In-situ and ex-situ characterization were done in 15 C. indicum accessions from the collection of the Philippine Biorepository Network (for medicinal plants). The accessions

In Amazonia there are at least 85 arboreal species with domesticated populations, among which piquiá [Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.] is widely distributed. In some regions, there is ethnobotanical evidence of domestication for its fruit. To understand more about piquiá domestication, we evaluated genetic diversity and structure of two regions, sampling 130 trees in forests and homegardens (92 trees

The aim of this study was to make morphological and molecular characterization of tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) accessions naturally found in Canakkale flora, Turkey. The seeds collected from 24 different locations in Canakkale vicinity were planted in the nursery field to determine thirteen morphological parameters. Twelve universal rice primers (URPs) were used to reveal genetic relationship

Maize leaf length, leaf width, leaf angle, and leaf orientation value are determinant traits influencing leaf shape, yield potential, and can sense water stress signals. However, little is known regarding their genetic controls under drought stress. Using two F3 populations, we identified 72 QTLs under contrasting environments at V18 and R1 stages by single-environment mapping, 58.3% QTLs were identified

Edible bananas are hybrids of various inter- and intraspecific combinations of Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla at different ploidy levels brought up by coexisting selection by farmers and nature. Our current study, based on a 461-bp-long sequence of the 5′ETS rDNA of 35 diploids and 19 cultivated varieties harboring 87 informative SNPs, revealed five groups of M. acuminata subspecies;

Bread wheat cultivars with longer coleoptile are desired for cultivation in drought prone environments where moisture is available in the deeper layers of the soil. Although there exist several studies about coleoptile length, its relations with important agronomic traits are not clear. In the present research, a diallel mating was generated of seven Iranian and overseas wheat cultivars to evaluate

Traditional maize (Zea mays L.) is deficient in iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Metal transporter proteins play pivotal role in uptake, translocation and accumulation of minerals. Here, a set of 70 intergenic SSRs, 20 intragenic SSRs and 20 intragenic InDel markers encompassing 62 metal transporter genes were used for characterization of 24 diverse inbreds varying for Fe (13.95–37.34 µg/g) and Zn (11.83–37

Eating quality (EQ) of rice is mainly determined by sensory evaluation using tasting, which is affected by the taster’s geographic residential area, gender, and age. The sensory evaluation protocol also requires rice samples (usually > 500 g) larger than the amount harvested from the early generations of breeding in many cases, thereby hindering the sensory tasting practices. The characteristics of

The complexity of sweetpotato genome, including hexaploidy and heterozygosity, has hindered genetic studies on agronomically important traits such as storage root formation and thickening. Ipomoea trifida (H. B. K.) G. Don. (2n = 2x = 30) is closely related to and cross-compatible with sweetpotato. The diploid I. trifida has been developed as a model plant for sweetpotato genetic research, due to its

Crop breeders conduct trials to assess performance of elite breeding lines/germplasm accessions across locations and/or years to identify promising ones for use as cultivars and/or for use in breeding programmes. It is hypothesized that in a given location, genotypes’ multi-year performance are more predictive of their performance in the next/future years. However, only a few researchers have examined

In wheat endosperm, the granule-bound starch synthase or the Waxy protein is the sole enzyme for amylose synthesis and thus determines the amylose content and ratio of amylose/amylopectin. The gene encoding this enzyme has been named as Waxy (Wx) gene. In this study, eight novel Wx alleles from four diploid species belonging to the three Triticeae genera, namely Eremopyrum, Psathyrostachys, and Henrardia

Introgression of desirable traits from wild relatives plays an important role in crop improvement, as wild species have important characters such as high resistance to pests and pathogens. However, use of wild peanut relatives is challenging because almost all wild species are diploid and sexually incompatible with cultivated peanut, which is tetraploid (AABB genome type; 2n = 4x = 40). To overcome

Aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L. Indica) is popular among consumers. They provide significant economic benefit to producing countries as well as farmers. Aromatic germplasm is huge and diverse in terms of agro-morphological characters, grain types and aroma content. Development of a representative coreset of aromatic germplasm can be a good source for novel alleles identification and is required for

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], a quantitative short day crop, readily flowers with a little vegetative biomass under short day conditions and poses a challenge for developing high yielding soybean cultivars for tropical and sub-tropical countries. The long juvenility trait helps in gaining biomass under short days by delaying flowering and has helped to establish soybean as a commercially cultivated

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is the most diversified crop of the family Alliaceae; it is in cultivation since from ancient era for its edible bulbs and verdant foliage due to the immense nutritional and medicinal properties. The increased social acceptance of bulb onion in daily diet could lead to an increase in cultivable area with a similar bulb production. However, the output per unit area had limited

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is an economically important crop that is cultivated and consumed worldwide. Spinach is interfertile with the wild species S. tetrandra Steven ex M. Bieb. and S. turkestanica Iljin that therefore are presumed to include the most likely crop ancestor. Here we studied variation in 60 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) previously identified in S. oleracea to address the

Common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is a valuable germplasm resource for rice genetic improvement. However, it is endangered due to habitat loss. Assessment of its genetic diversity is essential for germplasm characterization, utilization, and conservation. In the present study, we developed a 79,422-single-nucleotide polymorphism genome-wide array by specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing

Solena amplexicaullis (Lam.) Gandhi, is a multipurpose minor cucurbit with occasional occurrence in biodiversity hotspots of Asian subcontinent and most of the plant parts are used for traditional medicine. Farmers are involved in cultivation and conservation of this species based on ethno botanical and traditional knowledge, completely unaware of its nutritional attributes and economic potential.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important bulbous vegetable used in global kitchen. Although it has various important traits but among them the high total soluble solid content (HTSS) of white onion is highly preferred by the industries for processing purpose. Looking into the broader use of the white onion; we utilized a total of 23 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and intron length

Garden pea is an important off-season vegetable in the hills of North Western Himalayas that provides high remuneration to growers. Lack of high yielding wider adaptive varieties restricts its productivity. To identify high yielding stable genotypes across environments, 48 lines were evaluated in Alpha Lattice design over seven diverse environments spreading in five locations from sub-tropical to dry

Common bean is the most important legume crop for human consumption around the world. For this reason, bean breeders are challenged with increasing bean production while facing new problems like climate change. Guatemalan climbing beans have been suggested to represent a previously undefined race in the Middle American gene pool that may represent an untapped source of alleles for bean improvement

Although maize being the second most important staple crop of Nepal after rice in term of area and production, its productivity is very low as compared to other develop nation. Unavailability of location specific maize hybrids might be one of the major causes of low productivity. Hybrid yields 20–30% more than open pollinated variety. National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, has registered and

Kola (Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl.) is a tree crop of great economic and socio-cultural importance. Available genetic resources of kola are increasingly vulnerable to genetic erosion due to decreased population sizes resulting from land use changes and cutting of trees for timber and firewood production. There is therefore an urgent need to conserve genetic resources of kola in Ghana. The objective

Wild potatoes (Solanum sp.) are important reservoirs of desirable genes for potato breeding. Most of them are diploid and obligate outcrossers, with both sexual and asexual reproduction. Samples of natural populations are ex situ conserved as accessions in germplasm banks for basic and applied ends, and are regenerated when seed number, seed viability or both decrease. The possible action of within

Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G. Don) Cif. is one of the six subspecies important for domestication of olive described as having valuable breeding traits. It is distributed from South Africa to the Middle East and the Mediterranean region to China mainly at mid to high altitudes with adequate precipitation. The currently rather fragmented Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata populations likely

Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are important reservoirs of adaptive traits for crop breeding programmes. Both ex situ and in situ conservation approaches should be deployed to ensure CWR availability for use. This paper aims to (a) create a regional database of occurrence records for the 441 priority CWRs in the Fertile Crescent, (b) identify CWR-rich areas in the Fertile Crescent, (c) recommend locations

The conservation and utilization of germplasm is contingent on its proper characterization at morphological or molecular levels. The present study aimed to elucidate the population sub-structure of 470 temperate rice germplasm collections of the Kashmir Valley. Analysis was carried out using KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) assay on 213 genomic loci. Of these, a restricted set of 114 KASP loci

Licorice has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 2000 years. Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is the second rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids in licorice. The purpose of this study is to analyze the CHI gene polymorphism and identify CHI haplotypes associated with high/low flavonoid contents. Five Glycyrrhiza uralensis samples with the high flavonoids

The development of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier) genotypes, which have good taste, size and firmness, is among the most important and prioritized issues of today. We aimed to develop new strawberry cultivars having standards of priority issues for strawberry. Eight prominent strawberry genotypes were obtained from the cross of domestic strawberry cultivars (‘Sevgi’, ‘Kaşka’, and

Artificial group selection has long been proposed as a useful method for crop breeding, yet the possibility that group selection occurs naturally in agroecosystems has not been explored. Due to natural and/or artificial selection, the fitness of an individual can depend on both the individual’s traits, the traits of neighboring individuals, and on group’s emergent traits (as density). This process

The crab apple is the most widespread wild relative of the apple tree in Europe. Although it is more extended in the northern regions, in Spain this species is mainly located on mountainous areas. Archaeobotanical records show that human beings have used Malus sylvestris since ancient times. After an exhaustive search in almost 200 ethnobotanical and ethnographical works, a compilation of the traditional

Traces of genetic introgression from wild donors that occurred during the origin trajectory of a crop would be concealed in the existing gene pool of its cultivated varieties. Dissection of signature motifs from wild relatives and diverse genotypes of a crop, not only can elucidate the probable ancestry but also offer a potential tool to authenticate varieties with a particular phenotype. We selected

Plant genetic resources are a link between agriculture, environment and trade, so their conservation requires cooperation from different sectors. The existing diversity in genetic resources is the foundation in breeding for new challenges or new markets in the future. The number of crop genetic resources in Serbia is obscure because there is no national inventory. It is thought that there are about

Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. is a tropical tuberous legume which is fascinating for multiple uses in India. It is a climate-resilient legume and reported as a source of bruchid resistance, abiotic stresses tolerance and proteinaceous tubers. Meagre information is available for storage roots (tubers) of V. vexillata in general in the Indian scenario. In the present study, the evaluation of morphological

The study analysed the conservation gaps of the priority crop wild relatives (CWR) taxa for Malawi in order to contribute to the development of a harmonized conservation strategy that helps secure the priority CWR under in situ and ex situ. We used taxa distribution modelling, complementarity analysis and ecogeographic land characterization map to analyse spatial diversity and distribution of 123 priority

Lepidium sativum L. is a fast-growing and underutilized medicinal plant. The Indian system of medicinal and health recognized this plant as a source of several medicinal and nutraceutical molecules. The 94 accessions collected from different eco-geographical region of India were evaluated for two consecutive years to assess the level of genetic variability. The ANOVA revealed considerable variability

Drought adversely affects crop growth, development and yield. This study assessed genetic variation in a panel of wheat lines to water deficit and identified the QTLs governing this relationship via GWAS. A panel of 290 lines of the Wheat Association Mapping Initiative (WAMI) population were evaluated under well-irrigated and drought-stressed conditions. Stress tolerance indices were calculated to

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fourth largest cereal crop in the world with extensive adaptability in diverse environments. There is increasing evidence that epigenetics contributes to plant evolution and adaptation. However, epigenetic variation in barley and their correlations with genetic variation remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated epigenetic and genetic diversity in 48

A new potential variety of melon (Cucumis melo L.; family Cucurbitaceae) is described here from Rajasthan, North western India. Detailed description, illustration and photo plate are provided to facilitate identification of this new variety.

Pinus cembra L. is a coniferous European mountain range tree rich in oleoresins and essential oils. Twig tips with needles are the most common tree parts used to obtain essential oils. As the whole tree contains volatiles, the essential oil composition from different parts was studied, including twig tips with needles from the bottom, the top and the cone bearing branches, cones, twigs without needles

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.) is one of the main fiber crops in China, integrated with textile, forage, building materials and soil conservation. Germplasm resources of ramie in China is rich, accordingly it is of great significance to study the diversity of phenotypic characters. UAV near-air remote sensing can grasp farmland information in real time and play an increasingly important role in the collection

Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor (Jagger) is a significant threat to peanut production; therefore varietal improvement toward this disease is needed. To date, there have been no reported quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance in peanut. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify QTLs for Sclerotinia blight resistance. A total of 90 F2:6 recombinant